US20100260158A1 - Wireless communication device, wireless communication system, wireless communication method and program - Google Patents

Wireless communication device, wireless communication system, wireless communication method and program Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100260158A1
US20100260158A1 US12/750,346 US75034610A US2010260158A1 US 20100260158 A1 US20100260158 A1 US 20100260158A1 US 75034610 A US75034610 A US 75034610A US 2010260158 A1 US2010260158 A1 US 2010260158A1
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Prior art keywords
notification information
wireless communication
frequency
station
transmitting
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Abandoned
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US12/750,346
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English (en)
Inventor
Masahiko Naito
Katsutoshi Itoh
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Sony Corp
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Sony Corp
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Assigned to SONY CORPORATION reassignment SONY CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ITOH, KATSUTOSHI, NAITO, MASAHIKO
Publication of US20100260158A1 publication Critical patent/US20100260158A1/en
Priority to US13/780,997 priority Critical patent/US10070415B2/en
Priority to US14/061,207 priority patent/US9655080B2/en
Priority to US14/072,358 priority patent/US10051605B2/en
Priority to US16/044,724 priority patent/US10517071B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/02—Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/005—Discovery of network devices, e.g. terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
    • H04W84/20—Master-slave selection or change arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wireless communication device, a wireless communication system, a wireless communication method, and a program.
  • an access point In the infrastructure mode of IEEE 802.11, the operation of an access point (AP) is started first, and notification information (beacon) is periodically transmitted from the access point at a frequency that is set in advance.
  • a station finds the access point, which is a communication counterpart, by receiving the beacon transmitted from the access point.
  • a method is assumed of determining an access point and a station by negotiation after connection has been completed, without distinguishing in advance an access point and a station among communicating devices. According to this method, since it is not known at what frequency the counterpart is operating, notifications, such as beacons, are transmitted while switching the frequencies, and when the frequencies of devices match at a certain timing, the notification information can be received for the first time and connection can be completed.
  • a wireless communication device which includes a notification information transmitting unit for transmitting, via a wireless communication network, notification information of the wireless communication device, a notification information receiving unit for receiving notification information transmitted from another device, a frequency switching unit for successively switching, at random cycles, a frequency at which the notification information is transmitted or a frequency at which the notification information is received, and a transmission processing unit for performing a data transmission process after transmitting or receiving an acknowledgement to the notification information to/from such other device.
  • Transmission of the notification information by the transmitting unit and waiting for receipt of the notification information by the receiving unit may be performed in time-division manner.
  • There may be provided a random period setting unit for setting a cycle for transmitting the notification information or a waiting cycle for the receipt of the notification information to a random period.
  • an acknowledgement transmitting unit for transmitting, in case the notification information transmitted from another device is received by the notification information receiving unit, the acknowledgement to such other device.
  • reception processing unit for receiving the acknowledgement to the notification information of the wireless communication device from another device which has received the notification information of the wireless communication device.
  • Transmission of the notification information by the transmitting unit may be performed at a determined specific frequency.
  • Reception of the notification information by the receiving unit may be performed at a determined specific frequency.
  • the transmitting unit may transmit a beacon as the notification information, and the receiving unit may receive an acknowledgement to the beacon transmitted as the notification information.
  • the transmitting unit may transmit a probe request as the notification information, and the receiving unit may receive a probe response to the probe request transmitted as the notification information.
  • a wireless communication system which includes a first wireless communication device including a first notification information transmitting unit for transmitting, via a wireless communication network, notification information of the first wireless communication device, a first notification information receiving unit for receiving notification information transmitted from another device, a first frequency switching unit for successively switching, at random cycles, a frequency at which the notification information is transmitted or a frequency at which the notification information is received, and a first transmission processing unit for performing a data transmission process after transmitting or receiving an acknowledgement to the notification information to/from such other device, and a second wireless communication device including a second notification information transmitting unit for transmitting, via the wireless communication network, notification information of the second wireless communication device, a second notification information receiving unit for receiving notification information transmitted from another device, a second frequency switching unit for successively switching, at random cycles, a frequency at which the notification information is transmitted or a frequency at which the notification information is received, and a second transmission processing unit for performing a data transmission process after transmitting or receiving an acknowledgement to the notification information to
  • a wireless communication method which includes the steps of transmitting, via a wireless communication network, notification information of a wireless communication device, waiting for notification information transmitted from another device, successively switching, at random cycles, a frequency at which the notification information is transmitted or a frequency at which the notification information is received, and performing a data transmission process after transmitting or receiving an acknowledgement to the notification information to/from such other device.
  • a wireless communication device a wireless communication system, a wireless communication method, and a program which are novel and improved, and which enable to reliably look for a communication counterpart while switching frequencies.
  • FIG. 1 is a sequence diagram showing a flow of a sequence until communication is started between an access point and a station, in the infrastructure mode of IEEE 802.11;
  • FIG. 2 is a sequence diagram showing an example of transmitting notification information by using a beacon in communication by direct connection
  • FIG. 3 is a sequence diagram showing a case where frequency change cycles of a station 1 and a station 2 match;
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a wireless communication device according to each embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a flow of a sequence according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a flow of a sequence according to a second embodiment.
  • wireless LAN connection modes defined by IEEE 802.11, which is a wireless LAN standard, are an infrastructure mode of performing communication via an access point.
  • a radio has to somehow find a connection counterpart. To find here means to be in a state where synchronization of frequency channels and timings can be established.
  • the operation of an access point is started first, and a beacon is periodically transmitted at a frequency (referred to as F 1 ) that is set in advance.
  • the beacon is notification information including an ESS-ID, which is an identifier of a network, a time stamp, which is time information in the network, a list of supported wireless transmission rates, or the like.
  • a station (STA) finds the access point (AP), which is a communication counterpart, by receiving the beacon transmitted from the access point.
  • the frequency of the station (STA) may be set by a user to be the same as the frequency F 1 of the access point (AP).
  • the frequency of the station (STA) may be set such that the station continues reception while switching the frequency channels defined by IEEE 802.11 one by one until the station detects the beacon.
  • FIG. 1 is a sequence diagram showing a flow of a sequence until communication is started between an access point and a station, in the infrastructure mode of IEEE 802.11.
  • the power of an access point is turned on in step S 10
  • the access point starts transmission of beacon at the frequency F 1 in the next step S 12 .
  • the access point can autonomously find the frequency set by a user or a frequency at which an access point is vacant.
  • the station starts waiting for a beacon in step S 22 . The station keeps waiting while switching frequencies.
  • step S 24 the frequency at which the station waits for a beacon is set to Fl. Accordingly, a beacon (frequency F 1 ) transmitted from the access point is received at the station, and in step S 26 , the station perceives the existence of the access point.
  • step S 28 authentication and association are performed between the access point and the station, and connection is completed in step S 28 .
  • a beacon is transmitted from the access point to the station, and data communication between the access point and the station is started.
  • a method can be assumed according to which two terminals are connected by direct connection in a simple manner by using the mechanism of IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN without the user consciously distinguishing between an access point and a station.
  • the terminals are equal to each other without the distinction of access point and station, and at the time of communication, both start searching for each other at the same time.
  • Negotiation is performed after each other is found, and one plays the role of a simple access point, and the other plays the role of a station. Accordingly, this method enables to realize a simple infrastructure mode without distinguishing between an access point and a station.
  • two terminals have to find each other simultaneously without which terminal is to play the role of starting continuous transmission of beacons (the role of the access point) being determined. At this time, the two terminals start operation while still not knowing the frequency of a counterpart and not even knowing if a counterpart exists at all. Accordingly, the two terminals have to transmit notification information while switching the frequencies, and at the same time, to wait in anticipation of reception of notification information of a counterpart.
  • FIG. 2 is a sequence diagram showing an example of transmitting notification information by using a beacon in communication by direct connection using the mechanism of IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN.
  • STA 1 the power of a station 1 (STA 1 ) is turned on in step S 30 .
  • the station 1 transmits a beacon at the frequency F 1 , and after transmitting the beacon, waits, in step S 34 , for a response from other station at the frequency F 1 .
  • step S 40 On the other hand, at a station 2 (STA 2 ), power is turned on in step S 40 .
  • the station 2 transmits a beacon at the frequency F 1 , and after transmitting the beacon, waits, in step S 44 , for a response from other station at the frequency F 1 .
  • the station 2 can receive the beacon transmitted by the station 1 .
  • the station 2 perceives the existence of the station 1 in step S 46 .
  • negotiation for determining which is to play the role of an access point is performed between the station 1 and the station 2 .
  • the station 2 will play the role of a station (station (STA) shown in FIG. 1 ) in the infrastructure mode.
  • STA station
  • a simple infrastructure mode can be realized by negotiation at the time of connection, without determining in advance which device is to play the role of an access point or a station.
  • FIG. 3 is a sequence diagram showing a case where frequency change cycles of the station 1 and the station 2 match.
  • step S 50 when the power of the station 1 (STA 1 ) is turned on in step S 50 , the station 1 sets a communication frequency to F 1 in the next step S 52 .
  • the station 1 transmits a beacon at the frequency F 1 , and after transmitting the beacon, waits, in step S 56 , for a response from other station at the frequency F 1 .
  • step S 60 when the power of the station 2 (STA 2 ) is turned on in step S 60 , the station 2 sets a communication frequency to F 2 in the next step S 62 .
  • the station 2 transmits a beacon at the frequency F 2 , and after transmitting the beacon, waits, in step S 66 , for a response from other station at the frequency F 2 .
  • the station 1 switches the frequency to F 2 in step S 58 , and transmits a beacon and waits as in steps S 54 to S 56 . Subsequently, the station 1 periodically switches the frequency in the order of F 3 ⁇ F 1 ⁇ F 2 ⁇ F 3 , and performs the same processes.
  • the station 2 also switches the frequency to F 3 in step S 68 , and transmits a beacon and waits as in steps S 64 to S 66 . Subsequently, the station 2 periodically switches the frequency in the order of F 1 ⁇ F 2 ⁇ F 3 ⁇ F 1 , and performs the same processes.
  • the station 1 transmits a beacon at the frequency F 1 (step S 54 ) and is waiting at the frequency F 1 (S 56 )
  • the station 2 transmits a beacon at the frequency F 2 (step S 64 ) and is waiting at the frequency F 2 (step S 66 ). Therefore, neither the station 1 nor the station 2 can perceive the other because their respective frequencies are different.
  • the frequency switching cycle is the same for the station 1 and the station 2 . Thus, even if each of the stations 1 and 2 switches the frequency after step S 58 or S 68 , the frequency at which the station 1 performs transmission and the frequency at which the station 2 is waiting will not match. Also, the frequency at which the station 2 performs transmission and the frequency at which the station 1 is waiting will not match. Therefore, both station 1 and station 2 will not perceive each other.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a wireless communication device 100 according to each embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wireless communication device 100 is configured to be able to communicate with other wireless communication device by a wireless communication network such as IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11n, which are wireless LAN standards.
  • a wireless communication network such as IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11n, which are wireless LAN standards.
  • each wireless communication device 100 includes a data processing unit 102 , a transmission processing unit 104 , a wireless interface unit 106 , a control unit 108 , a memory 110 , and an antenna 112 .
  • the data processing unit 102 creates various data frames and data packets in response to a request from an upper layer, for example, and supplies the same to the transmission processing unit 104 .
  • the transmission processing unit 104 performs, at the time of transmission, processing such as adding to a packet generated at the data processing unit 102 various data heads or an error detection code such as a frame check sequence (FCS), and provides the data which has been processed to the wireless interface unit 106 .
  • the wireless interface unit 106 generates, from the data received from the transmission processing unit 104 , a modulation signal in a frequency band of a carrier, and makes the same transmitted from the antenna 112 as a radio signal.
  • the wireless interface unit 106 decodes the various data frames by down-converting the radio signal received by the antenna 112 and changing the same to a bit sequence. That is, the wireless interface unit 106 can function, in cooperation with the antenna 112 , as a transmitting unit and a receiving unit.
  • the transmission processing unit 104 analyzes the headers added to the various data frames supplied from the wireless interface unit 106 and checks, based on the error detection code, that each data frame includes no error, and then, supplies the various data frames to the data processing unit 102 .
  • the data processing unit 102 processes and analyzes the various data frames and data packets supplied from the transmission processing unit 104 .
  • the control unit 108 is a block for controlling the respective operations of the data processing unit 102 , the transmission processing unit 104 , and the wireless interface unit 106 .
  • the control unit 108 performs operations such as determination of a transmission/reception frequency, creation of a control message (notification information such as a beacon, a beacon acknowledgement, a probe request and a probe response), issuance of a transmission command for the control message, and interpretation of the control message. Also, the control unit 108 controls various operations of the wireless communication device 100 , such as reception operation and transmission operation.
  • the control unit 108 includes, as main structural elements, a notification-information creation/transmission-instruction unit 108 a, a reception/interpretation processing unit 108 b, a frequency switching unit 108 c, and a random period setting unit 108 d.
  • the notification-information creation/transmission-instruction unit 108 a creates the control message, or issues a transmission command for the control message.
  • the reception/interpretation processing unit 108 b performs a reception process or an interpretation process for the control message transmitted from the communication counterpart.
  • the frequency switching unit 108 c performs an operation of switching transmission frequencies or of switching waiting frequencies.
  • the random period setting unit 108 d performs an operation of setting a transmission cycle or a waiting cycle to a random period.
  • the memory 110 plays the role of a work area for the data processing by the control unit 108 , and has a function of a storage medium for holding various types of data.
  • Various storage media for example, a volatile memory such as a DRAM, a non-volatile memory such as an EEPROM, a hard disk and an optical disk, may be used as the memory 110 .
  • each block shown in FIG. 4 can be configured from hardware (circuit).
  • each block can be configured from a processor (CPU) and software (program) for making the processor function.
  • the program can be stored in the storage medium included in the wireless communication device 100 , such as the memory 110 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a flow of a sequence according to the present embodiment.
  • two stations STA 1 and STA 2
  • Both stations 1 and 2 are assumed to have a function conforming to IEEE 802.11.
  • usable frequencies are F 1 , F 2 and F 3 for both stations 1 and 2 .
  • each of the station 1 and the station 2 There are two kinds of messages to be transmitted by each of the station 1 and the station 2 , namely, a beacon and a beacon acknowledgement which is transmitted at the time of receiving a beacon. Also, there are four states in relation to the states of each of the station 1 and the station 2 , namely, beacon transmission, waiting, frequency changing, and beacon response transmission.
  • the station 1 is to transmit a beacon at the frequency F 1 during the beacon transmission cycle.
  • the station 2 is to transmit a beacon at the frequency F 2 .
  • the transmission of a beacon is to be alternately performed every 2 cycles of the frequency switching cycles and waiting is to be performed every cycle.
  • step S 100 when the power of the station 1 (STA 1 ) is turned on in step S 100 , the station 1 sets a communication frequency to F 1 in the next step S 102 .
  • the station 1 transmits a beacon at the frequency F 1 , and after transmitting the beacon, waits, in step S 106 , for a response from other station at the frequency F 1 .
  • a communication frequency is set to F 2 in the next step S 202 .
  • the station 2 transmits a beacon at the frequency F 2 , and after transmitting the beacon, waits, in step S 206 , for a response from other station at the frequency F 2 .
  • step S 208 the station 2 sets the frequency to F 3 . Since the transmission of a beacon is performed every 2 cycles of the frequency switching cycles, the station 2 waits without transmitting a beacon at the frequency F 3 (step S 210 ). Then, the frequency is switched to F 2 in step S 212 , and a beacon is transmitted at the frequency F 2 in the next step S 214 .
  • the station 1 changes the frequency to F 2 in step S 108 . Since, also at the station 1 , the transmission of a beacon is performed every 2 cycles of the frequency switching cycles, the station 1 waits without transmitting a beacon at the frequency F 2 (S 110 ). Thus, the transmission timing of a beacon (frequency F 2 ) by the station 2 in step S 214 is during the time the station has started to wait (frequency F 2 ) in step S 110 and is still waiting at the frequency F 2 . This is because, in this case, steps S 212 and S 214 of the station 2 occurred before the timing of the station 1 changing the frequency after step S 108 , because the cycle of the station 1 for changing the frequency after step S 108 was set to be random. Therefore, the station 1 receives the beacon transmitted from the station 2 at the frequency F 2 , perceives the existence of the station 2 in step S 112 , and transmits a beacon response in the next step S 114 .
  • the station 2 receives the beacon response transmitted from the station 1 and perceives the existence of the station 1 in step S 216 . Then, negotiation is performed between the station 1 and the station 2 to determine which is to play the role of an access point.
  • the station 1 is determined to play the role of an access point in the infrastructure mode (step S 218 ), and the connection is completed. In this case, the station 2 will play the role of a station in the infrastructure mode.
  • data communication is performed between the station 1 and the station 2 .
  • the cycle for transmitting beacons, the cycle for waiting, or the cycle for changing the frequencies is set to a random period for each of the stations 1 and 2 .
  • a time T 1 from a timing of starting the waiting at the frequency F 3 (step S 210 ) to a timing of changing to the frequency F 2 (step S 212 ) can be set as the random period.
  • a time T 2 from a timing of setting to the frequency F 3 (step S 208 ) to a timing of changing to the next frequency F 2 (step S 212 ) can be set as the random period.
  • a time T 3 from a timing of transmitting a beacon at the frequency F 2 and of starting to wait (step S 206 ) to a timing of changing to the next frequency F 3 (step S 208 ) can be set as the random period.
  • a time T 4 from setting the transmission frequency for a beacon to F 2 (step S 202 ) to a timing of changing to the next frequency F 3 (step S 208 ) can be set as the random period.
  • a portion equivalent to 2 cycles of the frequency switching cycles may be set as the random period. For example, a time T 5 from setting the transmission frequency for a beacon to F 2 (step S 202 ) to a next timing of setting the transmission frequency for a beacon to F 2 (step S 212 ) may be set as the random period.
  • the random period may be period generated by a random number generator, for example.
  • the transmission of a beacon is performed every 2 cycles of the frequency switching cycles at each of the stations 1 and 2 .
  • the transmission of a beacon and waiting can be performed every cycle.
  • the transmission frequency for a beacon can also be changed every cycle as with FIG. 3 .
  • beacons are transmitted at a constant frequency at all times in FIG. 5
  • the beacons may be transmitted at periodically different frequencies (for example, F 1 ⁇ F 2 ⁇ F 3 ⁇ F 1 , . . . ).
  • the configuration of a wireless communication device 100 according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment described with FIG. 4 .
  • the waiting time for receiving a beacon was made random in the first embodiment.
  • a cycle for transmission or a cycle for waiting is set to a random period in case of receiving a probe response as a response to a probe request.
  • the probe request here is notification information including an identifier of a network, supported communication rate information, identification information of each station, or the like.
  • each of the station 1 and the station 2 there are two kinds of messages to be transmitted by each of the station 1 and the station 2 , namely, a probe request and a probe response. Also, there are four states in relation to the states of each of the station 1 and the station 2 , namely, probe request transmission, waiting, frequency changing, and probe response transmission.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of processes. It is assumed that, for both the station 1 and the station 2 , the transmission of a probe request is performed every 2 cycles of the frequency switching cycles and waiting is performed every cycle.
  • step S 300 when the power of a station 1 (STA 1 ) is turned on in step S 300 , the station 1 sets a communication frequency to F 1 in the next step 5302 . In the next step S 304 , the station 1 transmits a probe request at the frequency F 1 . Then, after transmitting the probe request, the station 1 waits, in step S 306 , for the reception of a probe response to the probe request that has been transmitted.
  • a communication frequency is set to F 3 in the next step S 402 .
  • the station 2 transmits a probe request at a frequency F 2 in the next step S 404 .
  • the station 2 waits, in step S 406 , for a probe response to the probe request that has been transmitted.
  • step S 408 the station 2 sets the frequency to F 1 , and waits for a probe request at the frequency F 1 in step S 410 .
  • step S 412 the frequency is switched to F 3 , and a probe request is transmitted at the frequency F 3 in the next step S 414 .
  • the station 1 changes the frequency to F 3 in step S 308 , starts waiting for a probe request at the frequency F 3 in the next step S 310 , and will keep waiting. Then, the transmission timing of a probe request (frequency F 3 ) by the station 2 in step S 414 matches the timing of the station 1 waiting (frequency F 3 ), after step S 310 , for a probe request. This is because, in this case, steps S 412 and S 414 of the station 2 occurred before the timing of the station 1 changing the frequency after step S 308 , because the cycle of the station 1 for changing the frequency after step S 308 was set to be random. Therefore, the station 1 receives the probe request transmitted from the station 2 at the frequency F 3 , perceives the existence of the station 2 in step S 312 , and transmits a probe response in the next step S 314 .
  • the station 2 receives the probe response transmitted from the station 1 and perceives the existence of the station 1 in step S 416 . Then, negotiation is performed between the station 1 and the station 2 to determine which is to play the role of an access point. Here, it is assumed that, as a result of the negotiation, the station 1 is determined to play the role of an access point in the infrastructure mode (step S 418 ), and the connection is completed. In this case, the station 2 will play the role of a station in the infrastructure mode. After the connection is completed, data communication is performed between the station 1 and the station 2 .
  • the waiting time is set to a random period for both station 1 and station 2 .
  • the station 2 as an example, any of T 6 to T 11 shown in FIG. 6 or some of T 6 to T 11 can be made to be the random period.
  • the station 1 switches the frequency in the order such as F 1 ⁇ F 2 ⁇ F 3 ⁇ F 1 . . .
  • the station 2 switches the frequency in the order such as F 2 ⁇ F 3 ⁇ F 1 ⁇ F 2 . . . .
  • the station 1 waits for a probe request at the frequency F 3
  • the station 2 waits for a probe request at the frequency F 1 .
  • the waiting frequency may be periodically differing frequencies, and may be switched in the order of F 1 ⁇ F 2 ⁇ F 3 ⁇ F 1 , . . . , for example.
  • the frequencies of the devices are not set to be different at all times, and a situation where the devices will not find each other can be prevented.

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US13/780,997 US10070415B2 (en) 2009-04-08 2013-02-28 Wireless communication device, wireless communication system, wireless communication method and program for randomizing a duration for receiving a probe request
US14/061,207 US9655080B2 (en) 2009-04-08 2013-10-23 Wireless communication device, wireless communication system, wireless communication method and program
US14/072,358 US10051605B2 (en) 2009-04-08 2013-11-05 Wireless communication device, wireless communication system, wireless communication method and program for randomizing a duration for receiving a probe request
US16/044,724 US10517071B2 (en) 2009-04-08 2018-07-25 Wireless communication device, wireless communication system, wireless communication method and program

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US14/061,207 Active US9655080B2 (en) 2009-04-08 2013-10-23 Wireless communication device, wireless communication system, wireless communication method and program
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