US20100224211A1 - Apparatus and methods for modifying keratinous surfaces - Google Patents

Apparatus and methods for modifying keratinous surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100224211A1
US20100224211A1 US12/688,774 US68877410A US2010224211A1 US 20100224211 A1 US20100224211 A1 US 20100224211A1 US 68877410 A US68877410 A US 68877410A US 2010224211 A1 US2010224211 A1 US 2010224211A1
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Prior art keywords
keratinous surface
applicator
sensor
keratinous
ribbon
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US12/688,774
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Thomas Elliot Rabe
David Edward Wilson
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Priority to US12/688,774 priority Critical patent/US20100224211A1/en
Assigned to THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY reassignment THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WILSON, DAVID EDWARD, RABE, THOMAS ELLIOT
Publication of US20100224211A1 publication Critical patent/US20100224211A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D40/00—Casings or accessories specially adapted for storing or handling solid or pasty toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. shaving soaps or lipsticks
    • A45D40/24—Casings for two or more cosmetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D34/00—Containers or accessories specially adapted for handling liquid toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. perfumes
    • A45D34/04—Appliances specially adapted for applying liquid, e.g. using roller or ball
    • A45D34/041—Appliances specially adapted for applying liquid, e.g. using roller or ball using a roller, a disc or a ball
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D40/00—Casings or accessories specially adapted for storing or handling solid or pasty toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. shaving soaps or lipsticks
    • A45D40/26—Appliances specially adapted for applying pasty paint, e.g. using roller, using a ball
    • A45D40/261—Appliances specially adapted for applying pasty paint, e.g. using roller, using a ball using a ball, a roller or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
    • A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M35/00—Devices for applying media, e.g. remedies, on the human body
    • A61M35/003—Portable hand-held applicators having means for dispensing or spreading integral media
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
    • A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
    • A61B5/442—Evaluating skin mechanical properties, e.g. elasticity, hardness, texture, wrinkle assessment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
    • A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
    • A61B5/446—Scalp evaluation or scalp disorder diagnosis, e.g. dandruff

Definitions

  • compositions can modify color or structure of the keratinous surface. Structure modifications can include complete removal of hair from human skin and changing the texture of human skin.
  • Make-up, hair colorants, hair growth compositions and hair removal compositions are known. But all of them share a common defect; they are exceedingly difficult to apply with precision.
  • Make-up compositions are typically applied by macro methods. That is, a large area is covered with one composition, a cheek bone or eyelid, for example. Lip liners and eyeliners are relatively thick lines to accent or highlight the eyes and lips. But these methods are done manually, either to ones self or with help from another person. And again, they are large, highly visible accents of varying color. It is exceedingly difficult and extremely time consuming to apply minute amounts of make-up to ones face. And importantly, there has been no motivation to do such a limited application.
  • Hair removal compositions are generally harsh chemicals. They are designed to be applied to unwanted hair. Depilatories remove the hair by essentially dissolving it. But existing technologies apply the depilatories to both the hair and the skin around the hair. This can result in irritation to the skin. Alternatively, formulators can make a depilatory that is not harsh to the skin, but this invariably makes the depilatory less effective.
  • hair colorants are generally applied to the hair but necessarily they contact the skin around the hair. While hair colorants are often less offensive to the skin than are depilatories, they are harsh and can modify the color of the skin. Hair colorants are typically thick viscous compositions that are applied in bulk to hair in hopes that the composition will stick to the hair shafts and color the desired area. But it would be advantageous if a more precise method of application were available such that less viscous colorant can be used in smaller amounts to more precisely color only the desired area.
  • hair growth compositions are essentially poured onto the scalp in hopes that some will leach into the follicle pores were it is needed. Again, if a more precise method of application were available, small amounts of the hair growth composition could be directed to the pores where it is needed without drenching the entire scalp.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for modifying a keratinous surface comprising an applicator that comprises a motor, and at least one protrusion. There is further provided a ribbon having a first and second side, the first side being adjacent the protrusion and a first modification composition on the second side of the ribbon.
  • the apparatus also comprises a sensor and a CPU, wherein the sensor reads the properties of a small portion of the keratinous surface. The readings are transmitted to the CPU, the CPU analyzes the sensor reading of the keratinous surface, and the CPU sends a signal to the applicator to treat or not to treat the analyzed surface.
  • the motor is activated to move the applicator to the keratinous surface such that the ribbon contacts the keratinous surface near the protrusion to apply a portion of the first modification composition to the same portion of the keratinous surface that was read by the sensor.
  • the applicator may comprises two or more protrusions. And in one embodiment of the invention the ribbon is moved each time the motor is activated to such that each time the ribbon contacts the keratinous surface the ribbon contains a portion of the first modification composition. If multiple protrusions are used, preferably each protrusion has a different shape, a different surface area or both.
  • the sensor readings made by the sensor contain a value for a characteristic selected from the group of color, brightness, reflectance, temperature, texture, and mixtures thereof.
  • the first modification composition is selected from the group consisting of inks, dyes, pigments, adhesives, curable compositions, optically activated compounds, hair colorants, hair removal compositions, hair growth stimulants, metal oxides, bleaching agents, texture reducing polymers, skin case compositions and mixtures thereof.
  • a method for modifying a keratinous surface comprising the steps of: providing a sensor that reads the properties of a small portion of the keratinous surface; sending the readings to a CPU, which is programmed with a predetermined baseline value and at least one predetermined threshold value.
  • the CPU compares the readings to the baseline value and calculates the variance between the reading and the baseline value.
  • the CPU sends a signal to the applicator to treat the surface, which activates the motor to apply a portion of the first modification composition to the same portion of the keratinous surface that was had the reading with a variance above the threshold value.
  • the present invention solves many problems with prior devices and methods. Specifically, with the apparatuses and methods of the present invention, the make-up, hair colorant, hair removal and hair growth compositions can be precisely applied where it is needed. This allows for the use of significantly less composition. Moreover, the surrounding keratinous surfaces that are not treated with the modification compositions are not irritated and are not unnecessarily colored. And when make-up is applied, the coverage on the skin is small but the result is a natural, and substantial improvement in the look of the consumer's skin.
  • FIG. 1 is an apparatus according to the present invention.
  • a potion of a keratinous surface for example, hair or skin
  • the data from the sensor is analyzed by an analytical device, for example, a CPU.
  • an analytical device for example, a CPU.
  • the portion of the keratinous analyzed surface is either treated or left untreated by an applicator.
  • the applicator applies a modification composition if the analysis indicates that the surface needs to be treated.
  • WO 2008/098234 A2 Handheld Apparatus and Method for the Automated Application of Cosmetics and Other Surfaces, first filed Feb. 11, 2007; WO 2008/100878 A1, System and Method for Applying a Modification composition to Change a Person's Appearance Based on a Digital Image, first filed Feb. 12, 2007; WO 2008/098235 A2, System and Method for Providing Simulated Images Through Cosmetic Monitoring, first filed Feb. 11, 2007; WO 2008/100880 A1, System and Method for Applying Agent Electrostatically to Human Skin, first filed Feb. 12, 2007; U.S.
  • 2007/0049832 A System and Method for Medical Monitoring and Treatment Through Cosmetic Monitoring and Treatment, first filed Aug. 12, 2005; and U.S. 2007/0035815 A1, System and Method for Applying a Modification composition to Improve the Visual Attractiveness of Human Skin, first filed Aug. 12, 2005; All six applications filed by Edgar et al. The entire disclosure of each of the six Edgar et al. applications is incorporated herein by reference.
  • applicator ball 20 comprises a sensor 24 , as described in the six Edgar et al. applications.
  • Photo voltaic cells which read changes in voltage when the light hitting the cell is scattered, absorbed, or more highly reflected are just one example of sensors suitable for use in the present invention.
  • Sensor 24 analyzes or “reads” a region of keratinous surface, for example, skin 12 , hair 14 or both, and divides the reading into a plurality of frexels, and then measures at least one optical attribute of each of the plurality of frexels. From the optical attributes of the frexels, at least one measured characteristic affecting visual attractiveness is identified.
  • frexel is defined as a small pixel-like region of the keratinous surface.
  • a frexel might correspond to a small portion of a freckle or other skin feature, or it may correspond to an area of the keratinous surface that does not have special features.
  • frexel is used to suggest that what is being measured is on a 3-D surface rather than a flat surface.
  • a region of keratinous surface is comprised of a plurality of frexels.
  • a frexel may have a width and height of about 1/300th of an inch (0.085 mm) so that there are approximately 90,000 frexels per square inch (140 frexels per square mm)
  • the surface of the human body may have millions of frexels.
  • Sensor 24 is in electronic communication with CPU 32 via optional sensor lead 26 . Wireless communication between any or all of the electronic elements is acceptable and may be preferred in certain embodiments.
  • the reading from sensor 24 is transmitted to CPU 32 and a desired state of the skin characteristic is determined based on a predetermined look for the characteristic read.
  • applicator protrusions 27 , 28 , 29 and 30 protrude from applicator ball 20 which can move in three directions “U”, “R” and “S”. At least one protrusion is necessary, but itn that instance, the ball itself or the tip of a stylus may become the at least one protrusion.
  • Direction U is general up and down direction generally toward and away from the keratinous surface, and the applicator ball is moved in this direction to contact one applicator tip with the keratinous surface. If only one protrusion or tip is used, this may be the only directional movement the applicator ball need move.
  • Directions R and S rotate the ball in three dimensions to select the appropriate applicator tip 27 , 28 , 29 or 30 to contact the keratinous surface. Again, directions R and S are used to move the applicator ball to select the appropriate protrusion to use to achieve the desired end look.
  • Applicator ball 20 is moved by motor 50 , which is connected to applicator ball 20 via ball supports 51 and 52 .
  • Applicator ball 20 is shown as a sphere but it can be any geometry, for example, a hemi-sphere, square, pyramid and the like. Even a two dimensional sheet material containing at least one projection can be used or a stick like stylus with a tip can be used.
  • Ribbon 18 is placed adjacent protrusions 27 , 28 , 29 and 30 between the keratinous surface and the applicator.
  • Modification composition 16 is applied to ribbon 18 either before ribbon 18 is loaded in apparatus 10 or while it is being unrolled during the use.
  • the skin care formulations can be dried down and/or dehydrated and coated onto the skin-facing side of the portable heat delivery system. Additionally you could apply a film to skin-facing side of the portable heat delivery system which when exposed to the moist heat generated by the portable heat delivery system is transformed into a cream or a flowable composition.
  • One example of a composition which can be useful in the present invention is the dry film disclosed U.S. Application Publication No. 2006/0228319.
  • the modification composition can be applied to ribbon 18 in any other acceptable form listed in the modification composition section below.
  • Ribbon 18 is unrolled from one side of applicator ball 20 and rolled back up on the other side via wheels 17 .
  • ribbon 18 containing modification composition 16 between protrusion 28 and the keratinous surface, for example skin 12 and hair 14 .
  • applicator ball 20 is moved downward in direction U until ribbon 18 containing modification composition 16 contact the keratinous surface adjacent protrusion 28 .
  • a small portion of modification composition 16 is deposited on the keratinous surface in the approximate size and shape of protrusion 28 .
  • protrusions 27 , 28 , 29 and 30 are shown. Any size or shape is acceptable for use herein. It is preferred that the protrusions have a maximum surface area of less than about 8000 preferably less than 2000 and even more preferably less than about 500 ⁇ 2 .
  • Protrusion 29 is a series of small pin like protrusions to distribute a scattered, random pattern of modification composition 16 to the keratinous surface. If multiple protrusions are used, they can be tailored and selected for the specific type of correction desired.
  • motion sensor 36 is used to determine the speed that applicator 20 is moving across the keratinous surface, what angle it is in relation to the keratinous surface and how far away from the keratinous surface it is. All of these dimensions can be used to more accurately and more selectively deposit to modification composition 16 .
  • the programming of CPU 32 will be known to those skilled in the art. But the logic will include identifying a desired baseline or a desired optical property. Variations from the desired baseline can then be easily identified. After identification The CPU can instantly correct by applying the modification composition, or the operator can be notified of the variation and the operator trigger the correction if they so choose.
  • the baseline can be a particular color of skin or texture. For example, a freckle will be read as a localized dark color variation, and a wrinkle will be read as a textural abnormality.
  • modification compositions can be applied automatically, or selectively by the used depending on the control sequence for the device. The modification compositions used to lighten a freckle may be different than the agent used to fill in or smooth out a wrinkle.
  • the baseline can be the desired color of hair.
  • the baseline can be skin with no hair on it.
  • the baseline can be the pores from which hair grows.
  • the threshold value can be a certain deviation from the baseline that requires correction.
  • the threshold will be a change in color from the baseline indicating that the analyzed area of hair needs the hair colorant to be applied.
  • the texture of the skin can be measured and the change in texture will indicate the presence of an unwanted hair to which the hair removal composition is applied.
  • the apparatuses of this invention can be programmed to read skin 12 looking for pores that should contain hair shafts, contain unhealthy hair shafts, or contain hair shafts in an area of the scalp where hair loss is likely to occur (e.g. areas of male pattern baldness).
  • the apparatus can apply a modification composition into the pore which can be, for example, a hair growth stimulant (such as the commercially available minoxidil).
  • a hair growth stimulant such as the commercially available minoxidil
  • Apparatus 10 is preferably handheld but can be tethered to a structure that moves the apparatus 10 across the keratinous surface to be modified. If handheld, the consumer would simply move apparatus 10 across the keratinous surface to be modified.
  • multiple apparatuses can be configured in a stationary structure wherein the consumer places the keratinous surface to be modified and multiple readings and applications occur simultaneously or in sequence.
  • the modification composition can be applied to the keratinous surface by scanning and applying almost at the same time and making multiple passes over the surface.
  • the process for multiple pass applications is to make a partial application of the modification composition, then to scan again the area of skin that has received the partial application.
  • a further application of modification compositions can be made, and still further multiple pass scanning and applications can be made to approach an aesthetic goal.
  • the keratinous surface has an outer surface of from about 1 mm to about 5 mm in thickness and an inner core directly below the outer surface, and wherein the sensor reads the inner core or the keratinous surface and then the applicator treats the outer surface to either mask or correct the inner defect.
  • the apparatus may treat from about 1.0% to about 10% of the keratinous surface that is read by the sensor with a modification composition.
  • the applicator applies from about 0.01 ⁇ g to about 100 ⁇ g of the first modification composition to the keratinous surface when the applicator is activated by the CPU.
  • the applicator may apply the first modification composition in droplets having an average diameter of from about from about 0.1 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m.
  • the present invention may utilize a variety of modification compositions, for example, inks, dyes, pigments, adhesives, curable compositions, optically activated compounds, metal oxides (for example, TiO2), bleaching agents, texture reducing polymers, skin care compositions, hair colorants, hair removal compositions (often referred to as depilatories), hair growth stimulants and mixtures thereof.
  • modification compositions for example, inks, dyes, pigments, adhesives, curable compositions, optically activated compounds, metal oxides (for example, TiO2), bleaching agents, texture reducing polymers, skin care compositions, hair colorants, hair removal compositions (often referred to as depilatories), hair growth stimulants and mixtures thereof.
  • the modification compositions of this invention can be delivered alone or in the presence of a dermatologically-acceptable carrier.
  • a dermatologically-acceptable carrier means that the carrier is suitable for topical application to the keratinous tissue, has good aesthetic properties, is compatible with any additional components of the skin care composition, and will not cause any untoward safety or toxicity concerns.
  • the carrier can be in a wide variety of forms. Non-limiting examples include simple solutions (water or oil based), emulsions, and solid forms (gels, sticks, flowable solids, amorphous materials).
  • the dermatologically acceptable carrier is in the form of an emulsion.
  • Emulsion may be generally classified as having a continuous aqueous phase (e.g., oil-in-water and water-in-oil-in-water) or a continuous oil phase (e.g., water-in-oil and oil-in-water-in-oil).
  • the oil phase of the present invention may comprise silicone oils, non-silicone oils such as hydrocarbon oils, esters, ethers, and the like, and mixtures thereof.
  • emulsion carriers can include, but are not limited to, continuous water phase emulsions such as silicone-in-water, oil-in-water, and water-in-oil-in-water emulsion; and continuous oil phase emulsions such as water-in-oil and water-in-silicone emulsions, and oil-in-water-in-silicone emulsions.
  • the modification composition can be delivered in a variety of product forms including, but not limited to, a cream, a lotion, a gel, a foam, a paste, or a serum.
  • modification composition can include for purposes of proper formulation and stabilization anti-fungal and anti-bacterial components.
  • Inks, dyes, metal oxides and pigments are used to modify the color or reflectance of the keratinous surface. These compositions are commonly used to modify color and reflectance in cosmetic, “make-up” compositions. Foundation, lipstick, eyeliner are just a few examples of these compositions, but they are all applied evenly across large portions of the keratinous surface, that is they are macro-applications. In sharp contrast, the present modification compositions are selectively applied on a very small scale to select areas, that is, a micro application.
  • Suitable colorants may include inorganic or organic pigments and powders. Organic pigments can include natural colorants and synthetic monomeric and polymeric colorants.
  • Organic pigments include various aromatic types such as azo, indigoid, triphenylmethane, anthraquinone, and xanthine dyes which are designated as D&C and FD&C blues, browns, greens, oranges, reds, yellows, etc.
  • Organic pigments may consist of insoluble metallic salts of certified color additives, referred to as the Lakes.
  • Inorganic pigments include iron oxides, ferric ammonium ferrocyanide, manganese violet, ultramarines, chromium, chromium hydroxide colors, and mixtures thereof.
  • the pigments may be coated with one or more ingredients that cause the pigments to be hydrophobic.
  • Suitable coating materials that will render the pigments more lipophilic in nature include silicones, lecithin, amino acids, phospholipids, inorganic and organic oils, polyethylene, and other polymeric materials.
  • Suitable silicone treated pigments as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,143,722.
  • Inorganic white or uncolored pigments include TiO2, ZnO, or ZrO2, which are commercially available from a number of sources.
  • Other suitable colorants are identified in U.S. Pat. No. 7,166,279. Colorants are generally included at a weight percent such that the skin care composition yields a perceptible color. In one embodiment, the skin care composition exhibits a color that perceptibly different from the color of the applicator.
  • perceptibly different refers to a difference in color that is perceptible to a person having normal sensory abilities under standard lighting conditions (e.g., natural illumination as experienced outdoors during daylight hours, the illumination of a standard 100 watt incandescent white light bulb at a distance of 2 meters, or as defined by CIE D65 standard illuminate lighting at 800 lux to a 1964 CIE standard observer).
  • standard lighting conditions e.g., natural illumination as experienced outdoors during daylight hours, the illumination of a standard 100 watt incandescent white light bulb at a distance of 2 meters, or as defined by CIE D65 standard illuminate lighting at 800 lux to a 1964 CIE standard observer.
  • Adhesives that are compatible with keratinous surfaces are known any such adhesive can be applied with the apparatuses of the present invention.
  • Commercially available adhesives compatible with keratinous surfaces are available from the 3M Corporation of Minneapolis Minn. See, for example: U.S. Pat. No. 6,461,467, issued to Blatchford, et al., filed on Apr. 23, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 5,614,310,issued to Delgado, et al., filed on Nov. 4, 1994; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,160,315, issued to Heinecke et al., filed on Apr. 5, 1991. The entire disclosures of these patent applications are incorporated by reference.
  • a second modification composition can be dusted on the keratinous surface where it will stick the adhesive.
  • the second modification that is not adhered to the keratinous surface can then be removed leaving behind a selective, micro application of the second modification composition.
  • compositions that cure upon exposure to certain wavelengths of energy, infrared light for example are know to the art and can be applied by the apparatuses of the present invention.
  • the curable composition is selectively applied to the keratinous surface and then it is cured by exposing the keratinous surface to the curing energy source. The entire keratinous surface can be exposed, or the exposure can be done at the same time as the application.
  • Wrinkle or texture reducing polymers and skin tightening are known. See, for example: U.S. Pat. No. 6,139,829, issued to Estrin on Oct. 31, 2000; and US Patent Applications U.S. 20060210513A1, filed by Luizzi, et al. on Mar. 21, 2005; U.S. 20070224158A1, filed by Cassin et al. on Mar. 18, 2005; and U.S. 20070148120A1, filed by Omura et al. on Jan. 14, 2005. The entire disclosures of this patent and these published patent applications are incorporated by reference.
  • a cosmetic process for softening the wrinkles of wrinkled skin may comprise applying, to the wrinkled skin, a cosmetic composition, in particular an anti-wrinkle composition, comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium suitable for topical application to the skin of the face: from 0.1 to 20% by weight of at least one tensioning agent, with respect to the total weight of the composition.
  • Optically-activated particles can be used as or added to the modification compositions of this invention.
  • these particles include a plurality of substrate particles selected from the group consisting of nylons, acrylics, polyesters, other plastic polymers, natural materials, regenerated cellulose, metals and minerals; an optical brightener chemically bonded to each of the plurality of substrate particles to form integral units in the form of optically-activated particles for diffusing light. These particles help to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, including cellulite, shadows, skin discolorations, and wrinkles.
  • Each of the optically-activated particles are encapsulated with a UV transparent coating to increase the diffusion light to further reduce the visual perception of the skin imperfections.
  • the encapsulated optically-activated particles are able to absorb ultraviolet radiation and emit visible light; and the encapsulated optically-activated particles are able to both scatter and absorb light in a diffuse manner in order to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, including cellulite, wrinkles, shadows, and skin discolorations, when the optically-activated particles are applied to the skin surface.
  • Hair colorants and hair removal compositions are also suitable for use with the apparatuses of the present invention. These compositions, and their component parts, are best described by the examples given below. Each of the individual chemical compositions described below for hair colorants can be used in combination with any of the others ingredients, and likewise, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the individual compositions given for depilatories can be used with other ingredients listed in other examples.
  • Skin care compositions can be applied with the apparatuses of this invention.
  • the skin care composition may be used as, for example, a moisturizer, a conditioner, an anti-aging treatment, a skin lightening treatment, a sunscreen, a sunless tanner, and combinations thereof.
  • the skin care composition may comprise a safe and effective amount of one or more skin care active (“active”) useful for regulating and/or improving skin condition.
  • “safe and effective amount” means an amount of a compound or composition sufficient to induce a positive benefit but low enough to avoid serious side effects (i.e., provides a reasonable benefit to risk ratio within the judgment of a skilled artisan).
  • a safe and effective amount of a skin care active can be from about 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to about 25% by weight of the total composition, in another embodiment from about 0.0001 to about 25% by weight of the total composition, in another embodiment from about 0.01 to about 10% by weight of the total composition, in another embodiment from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight of the total composition, in another embodiment from about 0.2 to about 2% by weight of the total composition.
  • Suitable actives include, but are not limited to, vitamins (e.g., B3 compounds such as niacinamide, niacinnicotinic acid, tocopheryl nicotinate; B5 compounds, such as panthenol; vitamin A compounds and natural and/or synthetic analogs of Vitamin A, including retinoids, retinol, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate, retinoic acid, retinaldehyde, retinyl propionate, carotenoids (pro-vitamin A); vitamin E compounds, or tocopherol, including tocopherol sorbate, tocopherol acetate; vitamin C compounds, including ascorbate, ascorbyl esters of fatty acids, and ascorbic acid derivatives such as magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl glucoside, and ascorbyl sorbate), peptides (e.g., peptides containing ten or
  • derivative refers to structures which are not shown but which one skilled in the art would understand are variations of the basic compound. For example, removing a hydrogen atom from benzene and replacing it with a methyl group. Suitable actives are further described in U.S. application publication No. U.S. 2006/0275237A1 and U.S. 2004/0175347A1.
  • the skin care composition may comprise a particulate material.
  • Particles can range from mildly abrasive polymeric microbeads to moderately abrasive materials such as sodium bicarbonate to relatively aggressive materials such as alumina crystals.
  • Particulate materials suitable for use herein include but are not limited to bismuth oxychloride, sericite, mica, mica treated with barium sulfate or other materials, zeolite, kaolin, silica, boron nitride, lauroyl lysine, nylon, polyethylene, talc, polypropylene, polystyrene, ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer, sericite, aluminum oxide, silicone resin, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, cellulose acetate, PTFE, polymethyl methacrylate, starch, modified starches such as aluminum starch octenyl succinate, silk, glass, fibers, ground seeds, pumice, interference pigments, and mixtures thereof.
  • the skin care composition may also be a shaving gel or foam such as those described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,995,521 (Bluard), U.S. Pat. No. 3,541,581 (Monson), U.S. Pat. No. 4,405,489 (Sisbarro), U.S. Pat. No. 4,528,111 (Su), U.S. Pat. No. 4,651,503 (Anderson), U.S. Pat. No. 5,248,495 (Patterson), U.S. Pat. No. 5,308,643 (Osipow), U.S. Pat. No. 5,326,556 (Barnet), and U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,211 (George).
  • a shaving gel or foam such as those described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,995,521 (Bluard), U.S. Pat. No. 3,541,581 (Monson), U.S. Pat. No. 4,405,489 (Sisbarro),
  • compositions generally take the form of an oil-in-water emulsion in which the post-foaming agent, generally a volatile (i.e., low boiling point) aliphatic hydrocarbon, is solubilized in the oil phase, and the water phase comprises a water-dispersible soap, an interrupted soap component and/or a surfactant.
  • the product is generally packaged in an aerosol container with a barrier, such as a piston or collapsible bag, to separate the post-foaming gel from the propellant required for expulsion of the product.
  • the product is dispensed as a clear, translucent or opaque gel that is substantially free from foaming until it is spread over the skin, at which time it produces a foam lather generated by the volatilization of the volatile hydrocarbon foaming agent.
  • Hair colouring compositions generally comprise an oxidising agent, and a developer.
  • a coupler may be used.
  • Various aromatic compounds can be used as developers (also known as precursors or primary intermediates), together with various other compounds, commonly known as couplers. These are referred to as oxidative hair colouring agents because they require an oxidising agent for formation of colour.
  • the compounds described as developers are those which react with oxidising agent to form a reactive oxidised intermediate. This intermediate then reacts with the coupler or couplers to give a coloured molecule.
  • Some developers are capable of reacting with another molecule of the same type, i.e. self-coupling. Couplers do not generally react with oxidising agent but instead react with the reactive oxidised intermediate formed by reaction between the developer and the oxidising agent.
  • hair colouring compositions comprise:
  • Couplers, developers and oxidizing agents are generally described in WO98/52522 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,066, 962, 6,432,147, the entire disclosure of these three references are incorporated herein by reference. Couplers can be used in amounts of from for instance 0.01 to 4%, preferably 0.01 to 2%, more preferably 0.03 to 3, eg 0.03 to 2%, and in some compositions not more than 1 or 0.5%. Total levels of developer and coupler generally vary according to the shade required. For blonde shades amounts of from 0.001 to 4 wt. % are preferred. For red shades amounts of 0.001 to 4 wt. % are preferred. For brown shades amounts of 0.01 to 4% are preferred. For black shades amounts of 0.1 to 4 wt. % are preferred.
  • a preferred oxidising agent is hydrogen peroxide. This is often used in amounts up to 10 wt. %, based on weight of composition applied to the hair.
  • Other oxidising agents which may be used include other inorganic peroxygen oxidising agents, preformed organic peroxyacid oxidising agents and other organic peroxides such as urea peroxide, melamine peroxide, and mixtures of any of these.
  • Suitable oxidising agents are preferably water-soluble, that is they have a solubility of at least about 5 g in 1,000 ml of deionised water at 25° C. (‘Chemistry’ C. E. Mortimer, 5th Edition, page 277).
  • the colouring compositions of the invention have pH above 7, in particular above pH 8 or 9.
  • a pH of from 9 to 12 is often suitable.
  • the systems of the invention can also be incorporated into low pH (eg pH 1 to 6) hair colouring systems.
  • the following composition shown in Table 1 can be used for dyeing Piedmont hair. 100 g of the dyeing composition is mixed with 100 g of 20 volume hydrogen peroxide. The resulting mixture is applied to the hair and permitted to remain in contact with the hair for 30 minutes. The dyed hair is then shampooed, rinsed with water and dried.
  • the ranges of ingredients set out in Table 1 are illustrative of useful concentrations of the recited materials in a hair dye product.
  • Couplers were chosen depending on the desired hair color from the group consisting of: 3-(N-acetyl) amino-1-phenol-2-pyrazolin-5-one (NAPP); 2,6-dichloro-para-aminophenol (DCP); paraphenylene diamine (PPD); 1.2% 3-acetamido phenol (3AP); and mixtures thereof.
  • compositions are exemplified below.
  • these compositions contain two general components: a carrier and an active.
  • Common carriers can be selected from the group consisting of water, alcohols, glycols, glycerin and mixturese thereof.
  • the actives are best described by the various examples given below.
  • a topical composition is prepared by combining the following components utilizing conventional mixing techniques and the pH is adjusted to 6.0 by adding NaOH.
  • a topical composition is prepared by combining the following components utilizing conventional mixing techniques and the pH is adjusted to 4.5 by adding NaOH.
  • composition per 100 cm 2 skin is topically applied once a day to the legs to soften terminal hair.
  • a topical composition is prepared by combining the following components utilizing conventional mixing techniques and the pH is adjusted to about 3.0 by adding NaOH.
  • compositions per 100 cm 2 skin are topically applied twice per day to the face to remove unwanted vellus hair.
  • a topical composition is prepared by combining the following components utilizing conventional mixing techniques and the pH is adjusted to 5.0 by adding NaOH.
  • compositions per 100 cm 2 skin 500.mg of the composition per 100 cm 2 skin is topically applied once per day to the face to remove unwanted vellus hair.
  • a lotion is prepared by combining the following components utilizing conventional mixing techniques and the pH is adjusted to 4.0 by adding NaOH.
  • composition per 100 cm 2 skin 100.mg of the composition per 100 cm 2 skin is topically applied to the face three times a day to remove unwanted vellus hair.
  • a water-in-oil emulsion is prepared by combining the following ingredients, using conventional mixing techniques and the pH is adjusted to 6.5 by adding NaOH.
  • Oily Phase Lipoic acid 5.0 Cetearyl alcohol 5.0 Silicon oil, 200 fluid 1.0 Isopropyl myristate 2.0 Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate 2.0 Aqueous Phase Propylene glycol 5.0 Sodium citrate 0.2 Perfume 0.1 Water 79.7
  • the emulsion is prepared by taking 10 parts of the oily phase and adding it slowly with stirring to 90 parts by volume of the aqueous phase. Use of an amount of the emulsion to deposit about 1000 mg per 100 cm 2 of the emulsion three times a day to the legs is appropriate, after initial hair is removed by shaving. Replacement terminal hair is softer than the hair removed.
  • An oil-in-water cream is prepared by mixing the following components and the pH is adjusted to 3.5 by adding NaOH.
  • Oily Phase N-acetyl-L-cysteine (Active) 5.0 Sorbitan monoleate 20.0 Quaternium-18-hectonite 5.0 Liquid paraffin 60.0 Aqueous Phase Xanthan gum 1.0 1.0 Preservative 0.3 Perfume 0.2 Water 8.5
  • the cream is prepared by mixing the oily phase and heating to 65° C.
  • the aqueous phase is combined and heated to 70° C.
  • the aqueous phase is added to the oil phase with suitable agitation. Moderate agitation is applied while cooling.
  • About 5 mg of the cream is deposited per 100 cm 2 on the face once a day to remove unwanted vellus hair.

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