US20100035236A1 - Enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties - Google Patents
Enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20100035236A1 US20100035236A1 US12/508,859 US50885909A US2010035236A1 US 20100035236 A1 US20100035236 A1 US 20100035236A1 US 50885909 A US50885909 A US 50885909A US 2010035236 A1 US2010035236 A1 US 2010035236A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hgh
- protein
- phagemid
- gene
- phage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 307
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 193
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 108010000521 Human Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 307
- 102000002265 Human Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 295
- 239000000854 Human Growth Hormone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 294
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 102000037865 fusion proteins Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 108020001507 fusion proteins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 101710132601 Capsid protein Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 101710094648 Coat protein Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 101710125418 Major capsid protein Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 101710141454 Nucleoprotein Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 101710083689 Probable capsid protein Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 102100021181 Golgi phosphoprotein 3 Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000013604 expression vector Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 114
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 claims description 107
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 74
- 108020004705 Codon Proteins 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 claims description 39
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 108010076504 Protein Sorting Signals Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
- 108020005038 Terminator Codon Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 102000011923 Thyrotropin Human genes 0.000 claims description 12
- 108010061174 Thyrotropin Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 claims description 11
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 CD-4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000012673 Follicle Stimulating Hormone Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 108010079345 Follicle Stimulating Hormone Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940028334 follicle stimulating hormone Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000005936 beta-Galactosidase Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010005774 beta-Galactosidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000007644 Colony-Stimulating Factors Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010071942 Colony-Stimulating Factors Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010063738 Interleukins Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000015696 Interleukins Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940047120 colony stimulating factors Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940047122 interleukins Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 101001012157 Homo sapiens Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 102100030086 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001524679 Escherichia virus M13 Species 0.000 claims description 6
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010009583 Transforming Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000009618 Transforming Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000002723 Atrial Natriuretic Factor Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 101800001288 Atrial natriuretic factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 108090000204 Dipeptidase 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000017357 Glycoprotein hormone receptor Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108050005395 Glycoprotein hormone receptor Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 108060003951 Immunoglobulin Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100036836 Natriuretic peptides B Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 101710187802 Natriuretic peptides B Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010006025 bovine growth hormone Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- NSQLIUXCMFBZME-MPVJKSABSA-N carperitide Chemical class C([C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(O)=O)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 NSQLIUXCMFBZME-MPVJKSABSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000018358 immunoglobulin Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940072221 immunoglobulins Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000006495 integrins Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010044426 integrins Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940066294 lung surfactant Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003580 lung surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010059616 Activins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000005606 Activins Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010005853 Anti-Mullerian Hormone Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000013585 Bombesin Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010051479 Bombesin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010009575 CD55 Antigens Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000055006 Calcitonin Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108060001064 Calcitonin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100022641 Coagulation factor IX Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-GFCCVEGCSA-N D-thyroxine Chemical compound IC1=CC(C[C@@H](N)C(O)=O)=CC(I)=C1OC1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1 XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010053770 Deoxyribonucleases Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000016911 Deoxyribonucleases Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100038132 Endogenous retrovirus group K member 6 Pro protein Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000003951 Erythropoietin Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000394 Erythropoietin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010076282 Factor IX Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010054218 Factor VIII Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000001690 Factor VIII Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102400000321 Glucagon Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108060003199 Glucagon Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000006771 Gonadotropins Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010086677 Gonadotropins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010017080 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004269 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010017213 Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004457 Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000801481 Homo sapiens Tissue-type plasminogen activator Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000008100 Human Serum Albumin Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108091006905 Human Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010004250 Inhibins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000002746 Inhibins Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000006992 Interferon-alpha Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010047761 Interferon-alpha Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000467 Interferon-beta Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000003996 Interferon-beta Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000008070 Interferon-gamma Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010074328 Interferon-gamma Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010002352 Interleukin-1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010002350 Interleukin-2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010002386 Interleukin-3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000978 Interleukin-4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102400000401 Latency-associated peptide Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 101800001155 Latency-associated peptide Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000542 Lymphotoxin-alpha Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004083 Lymphotoxin-alpha Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010046938 Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000007651 Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000003729 Neprilysin Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000028 Neprilysin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000003982 Parathyroid hormone Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000445 Parathyroid hormone Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010076181 Proinsulin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101800000074 Relaxin A chain Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102400000834 Relaxin A chain Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102400000610 Relaxin B chain Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710109558 Relaxin B chain Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000019197 Superoxide Dismutase Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010012715 Superoxide dismutase Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000190 Thrombin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010000499 Thromboplastin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000002262 Thromboplastin Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100033571 Tissue-type plasminogen activator Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108050006955 Tissue-type plasminogen activator Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090001012 Transforming Growth Factor beta Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004887 Transforming Growth Factor beta Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 101800004564 Transforming growth factor alpha Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102400001320 Transforming growth factor alpha Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000000852 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000435 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000003990 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010073929 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000005789 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010019530 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000488 activin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000868 anti-mullerian hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000006635 beta-lactamase Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- DNDCVAGJPBKION-DOPDSADYSA-N bombesin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(N)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC2=CC=CC=C2C=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1)C(C)C)C1=CN=CN1 DNDCVAGJPBKION-DOPDSADYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004015 calcitonin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- BBBFJLBPOGFECG-VJVYQDLKSA-N calcitonin Chemical compound N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(N)=O)C(C)C)C(=O)[C@@H]1CSSC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1 BBBFJLBPOGFECG-VJVYQDLKSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940105423 erythropoietin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004222 factor ix Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960000301 factor viii Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004666 glucagon Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- MASNOZXLGMXCHN-ZLPAWPGGSA-N glucagon Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O)C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1NC=NC=1)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MASNOZXLGMXCHN-ZLPAWPGGSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002622 gonadotropin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002607 hemopoietic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000893 inhibin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZPNFWUPYTFPOJU-LPYSRVMUSA-N iniprol Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]2CSSC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=4C=CC=CC=4)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC2=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N3)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZPNFWUPYTFPOJU-LPYSRVMUSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 108091022911 insulin-like growth factor binding Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000028416 insulin-like growth factor binding Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002138 osteoinductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000199 parathyroid hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001319 parathyroid hormone Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;[2-butyl-5-chloro-3-[[4-[2-(1,2,4-triaza-3-azanidacyclopenta-1,4-dien-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl]methyl]imidazol-4-yl]methanol Chemical compound [K+].CCCCC1=NC(Cl)=C(CO)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2=N[N-]N=N2)C=C1 OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010087851 prorelaxin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N tgfbeta Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004072 thrombin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940034208 thyroxine Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N thyroxine-binding globulin Natural products IC1=CC(CC([NH3+])C([O-])=O)=CC(I)=C1OC1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1 XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960005356 urokinase Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 101710091045 Envelope protein Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000723 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004218 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090001117 Insulin-Like Growth Factor II Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102400000022 Insulin-like growth factor II Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 101710188315 Protein X Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010023197 Streptokinase Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002608 insulinlike Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005202 streptokinase Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000701832 Enterobacteria phage T3 Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 55
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 43
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 13
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 10
- 101000642577 Homo sapiens Growth hormone variant Proteins 0.000 claims 3
- 102000003839 Human Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims 2
- 108090000144 Human Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 102000005763 Thrombopoietin Receptors Human genes 0.000 claims 2
- 108010070774 Thrombopoietin Receptors Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 102000038455 IGF Type 1 Receptor Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108010031794 IGF Type 1 Receptor Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 102000038460 IGF Type 2 Receptor Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108010031792 IGF Type 2 Receptor Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 102000001706 Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108010054477 Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 102000003743 Relaxin Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108090000103 Relaxin Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 108700031632 somatrem Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000122 growth hormone Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 102000018997 Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 abstract description 13
- 108010051696 Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000724791 Filamentous phage Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108010021625 Immunoglobulin Fragments Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 102000008394 Immunoglobulin Fragments Human genes 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940000406 drug candidate Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 119
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 96
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 92
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 80
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 68
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 59
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 55
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 48
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 44
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 41
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 33
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 33
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 25
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 25
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 23
- 102220513486 Rab-interacting lysosomal protein_E174S_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 22
- 102220318714 rs745780898 Human genes 0.000 description 22
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 21
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 20
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 19
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 18
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 17
- 108091008146 restriction endonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 17
- 229960003669 carbenicillin Drugs 0.000 description 16
- FPPNZSSZRUTDAP-UWFZAAFLSA-N carbenicillin Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)C(C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FPPNZSSZRUTDAP-UWFZAAFLSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 15
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000003295 alanine group Chemical group N[C@@H](C)C(=O)* 0.000 description 14
- 102000014914 Carrier Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 13
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 102220475746 Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX6_R64A_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 13
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 108091008324 binding proteins Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 11
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000012219 cassette mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 108090000787 Subtilisin Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001332 colony forming effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 231100000219 mutagenic Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- 230000003505 mutagenic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000036964 tight binding Effects 0.000 description 8
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 7
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 7
- 108010002519 Prolactin Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102100029000 Prolactin receptor Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cs+] AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- 102000002260 Alkaline Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108020004774 Alkaline Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 108010047041 Complementarity Determining Regions Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102000004594 DNA Polymerase I Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010017826 DNA Polymerase I Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 238000001712 DNA sequencing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 102100020948 Growth hormone receptor Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010068542 Somatotropin Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 6
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 102220075169 rs763217060 Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 238000002741 site-directed mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 102000016928 DNA-directed DNA polymerase Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010014303 DNA-directed DNA polymerase Proteins 0.000 description 5
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102000003960 Ligases Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000364 Ligases Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011543 agarose gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009137 competitive binding Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004520 electroporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037433 frameshift Effects 0.000 description 5
- BPHPUYQFMNQIOC-NXRLNHOXSA-N isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside Chemical compound CC(C)S[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O BPHPUYQFMNQIOC-NXRLNHOXSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004091 panning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002708 random mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000002845 virion Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OCC(N)(CO)CO QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108010039627 Aprotinin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108091026890 Coding region Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108010016626 Dipeptides Proteins 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108091027305 Heteroduplex Proteins 0.000 description 4
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108010054278 Lac Repressors Proteins 0.000 description 4
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 101710163270 Nuclease Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000015731 Peptide Hormones Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010038988 Peptide Hormones Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 101100084022 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / DSM 22644 / CIP 104116 / JCM 14847 / LMG 12228 / 1C / PRS 101 / PAO1) lapA gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102220599125 Ras-related protein Rab-1B_D171S_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108020004682 Single-Stranded DNA Proteins 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012149 elution buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003630 glycyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001360 methionine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)* 0.000 description 4
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000813 peptide hormone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 101150009573 phoA gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960002180 tetracycline Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229930101283 tetracycline Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 102000012410 DNA Ligases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010061982 DNA Ligases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102220587327 NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 catalytic subunit_H21N_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102000009661 Repressor Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012867 alanine scanning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005547 deoxyribonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009510 drug design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N methamphetamine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002823 phage display Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013600 plasmid vector Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003752 polymerase chain reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013391 scatchard analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L thimerosal Chemical compound [Na+].CC[Hg]SC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229940033663 thimerosal Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011178 triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011534 wash buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QFVHZQCOUORWEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-anilino-5-sulfonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid Chemical compound C=12C(O)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=CC2=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=CC=1N=NC(C1=CC=CC(=C11)S(O)(=O)=O)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 QFVHZQCOUORWEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 2
- 108091033380 Coding strand Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108020004635 Complementary DNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108091035707 Consensus sequence Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102400000739 Corticotropin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101800000414 Corticotropin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100031780 Endonuclease Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010042407 Endonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000925646 Enterobacteria phage T4 Endolysin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000701533 Escherichia virus T4 Species 0.000 description 2
- 101000643253 Gallus gallus Ribonuclease homolog Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000003886 Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000288 Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010001336 Horseradish Peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000014150 Interferons Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010050904 Interferons Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102220465832 La-related protein 1_F10A_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000006142 Luria-Bertani Agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001529936 Murinae Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000008300 Mutant Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010021466 Mutant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010025020 Nerve Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010067902 Peptide Library Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920002594 Polyethylene Glycol 8000 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102100027467 Pro-opiomelanocortin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010057464 Prolactin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000003946 Prolactin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010071390 Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000007562 Serum Albumin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 108010041111 Thrombopoietin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000036693 Thrombopoietin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uracil Chemical compound O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960000723 ampicillin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N ampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012131 assay buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003305 autocrine Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012148 binding buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940098773 bovine serum albumin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000258 corticotropin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IDLFZVILOHSSID-OVLDLUHVSA-N corticotropin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IDLFZVILOHSSID-OVLDLUHVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001904 diabetogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000009509 drug development Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethidium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C12=CC(N)=CC=C2C2=CC=C(N)C=C2[N+](CC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005542 ethidium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000487 histidyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(C(=O)O*)C([H])([H])C1=C([H])N([H])C([H])=N1 0.000 description 2
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003119 immunoblot Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009871 nonspecific binding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108700010839 phage proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229940097325 prolactin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000159 protein binding assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037432 silent mutation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940043263 traditional drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PKTAYNJCGHSPDR-JNYFXXDFSA-N (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[(1R,4S,5aS,7S,10S,11aS,13S,17aS,19R,20aS,22S,23aS,25S,26aS,28S,34S,40S,43S,46R,51R,54R,60S,63S,66S,69S,72S,75S,78S,81S,84S,87S,90S,93R,96S,99S)-51-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-81,87-bis(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-84-benzyl-22,25,26a,28,66-pentakis[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-75,96-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-20a-(2-carboxyethyl)-7,11a,13,43-tetrakis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-63,78-bis(hydroxymethyl)-10-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-4,23a,40,72-tetramethyl-99-(2-methylpropyl)-a,2,5,6a,8,9a,11,12a,14,17,18a,20,21a,23,24a,26,27a,29,35,38,41,44,52,55,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97-heptatriacontaoxo-69,90-di(propan-2-yl)-30a,31a,34a,35a,48,49-hexathia-1a,3,6,7a,9,10a,12,13a,15,18,19a,21,22a,24,25a,27,28a,30,36,39,42,45,53,56,62,65,68,71,74,77,80,83,86,89,92,95,98-heptatriacontazaheptacyclo[91.35.4.419,54.030,34.056,60.0101,105.0113,117]hexatriacontahectane-46-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-4-amino-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@@H]2CSSC[C@H](NC1=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]1CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H]3CCCN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N2)[C@@H](C)O PKTAYNJCGHSPDR-JNYFXXDFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJQZXCPWAGYPSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3a,6a-diphenylimidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5-dione Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)N(Cl)C2(C=3C=CC=CC=3)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C12C1=CC=CC=C1 FJQZXCPWAGYPSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQNAGRRRLFOXGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxiran-2-yl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=CC1CO1 LQNAGRRRLFOXGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102220546611 Albumin_H91A_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102220495837 Alkaline ceramidase 1_Y49A_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Asparagine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710192393 Attachment protein G3P Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 101800005049 Beta-endorphin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101500028443 Bos taurus Growth hormone-binding protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100075830 Caenorhabditis elegans mab-5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 102220614803 Calmodulin-3_Y92A_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000011022 Chorionic Gonadotropin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010062540 Chorionic Gonadotropin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100021809 Chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 108700010070 Codon Usage Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000003322 Coinfection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710136772 Crambin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101100176785 Drosophila melanogaster gskt gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010013883 Dwarfism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012286 ELISA Assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010049140 Endorphins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009025 Endorphins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000702371 Enterobacteria phage f1 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588921 Enterobacteriaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102400001368 Epidermal growth factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101800003838 Epidermal growth factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001522878 Escherichia coli B Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000867232 Escherichia coli Heat-stable enterotoxin II Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001646716 Escherichia coli K-12 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001302584 Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. W3110 Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010060374 FSH Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008175 FSH Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000018233 Fibroblast Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050007372 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000386 Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100031706 Fibroblast growth factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100024785 Fibroblast growth factor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000379 Fibroblast growth factor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710112780 Gene 1 protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710122194 Gene 2 protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZSHYFGOLPXPLL-RYUDHWBXSA-N Gly-Phe-Glu Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O WZSHYFGOLPXPLL-RYUDHWBXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBDXVCBAJJNJNN-WHFBIAKZSA-N Gly-Ser-Cys Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O LBDXVCBAJJNJNN-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOEGEPHNZOISMT-BYPYZUCNSA-N Gly-Ser-Gly Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(O)=O SOEGEPHNZOISMT-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLIFSFOFKGKIRH-WUJLRWPWSA-N Gly-Thr Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)CN OLIFSFOFKGKIRH-WUJLRWPWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010056438 Growth hormone deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000005755 Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010070716 Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091029795 Intergenic region Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-histidine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019687 Lamb Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006137 Luria-Bertani broth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000009151 Luteinizing Hormone Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010073521 Luteinizing Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010074338 Lymphokines Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008072 Lymphokines Human genes 0.000 description 1
- YRNRVKTYDSLKMD-KKUMJFAQSA-N Lys-Ser-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O YRNRVKTYDSLKMD-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 101800000992 Melanocyte-stimulating hormone beta Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010086093 Mung Bean Nuclease Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102220478107 Myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1_H64A_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000015336 Nerve Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000007072 Nerve Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710149086 Nuclease S1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108700006385 OmpF Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700026244 Open Reading Frames Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102220505611 Phospholipase A and acyltransferase 4_H21L_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010003044 Placental Lactogen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000381 Placental Lactogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010035148 Plague Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000001938 Plasminogen Activators Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010001014 Plasminogen Activators Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010038512 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000010780 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102220472514 Protein ENL_H18R_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000028391 RNA cap binding Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091000106 RNA cap binding Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020004511 Recombinant DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020005091 Replication Origin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710137426 Replication-associated protein G2P Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000013290 Sagittaria latifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000293869 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium Species 0.000 description 1
- YMTLKLXDFCSCNX-BYPYZUCNSA-N Ser-Gly-Gly Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(O)=O YMTLKLXDFCSCNX-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000012479 Serine Proteases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010022999 Serine Proteases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000607720 Serratia Species 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108010090804 Streptavidin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010056079 Subtilisins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005158 Subtilisins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000473945 Theria <moth genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-XLPZGREQSA-N Thymidine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- QPMSXSBEVQLBIL-CZRHPSIPSA-N ac1mix0p Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C[C@H](C)CN(C)C)C3=CC(OC)=CC=C3SC2=C1.O([C@H]1[C@]2(OC)C=CC34C[C@@H]2[C@](C)(O)CCC)C2=C5[C@]41CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C2O QPMSXSBEVQLBIL-CZRHPSIPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012870 ammonium sulfate precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009830 antibody antigen interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012223 aqueous fraction Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009582 asparagine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001746 atrial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000037429 base substitution Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010042362 beta-Lipotropin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000008468 bone growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012888 bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004067 bulking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- VDQQXEISLMTGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloramine T Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)[N-]Cl)C=C1 VDQQXEISLMTGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940015047 chorionic gonadotropin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004186 co-expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015246 common arrowhead Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000151 cysteine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000731 cysteino group Chemical group [H]SC([H])([H])C([H])(C(O[H])=O)N([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 108010016616 cysteinylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SUYVUBYJARFZHO-RRKCRQDMSA-N dATP Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)O1 SUYVUBYJARFZHO-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUYVUBYJARFZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dATP Natural products C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1C1CC(O)C(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)O1 SUYVUBYJARFZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGWHQCVHVJXOKC-SHYZEUOFSA-J dCTP(4-) Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)C1 RGWHQCVHVJXOKC-SHYZEUOFSA-J 0.000 description 1
- HAAZLUGHYHWQIW-KVQBGUIXSA-N dGTP Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(=O)NC(N)=NC=2N1[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)O1 HAAZLUGHYHWQIW-KVQBGUIXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002637 deoxyribonucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003596 drug target Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002124 endocrine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001976 enzyme digestion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940116977 epidermal growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012869 ethanol precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940126864 fibroblast growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010075816 gamma-Lipotropin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000001502 gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010067216 glycyl-glycyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XKUKSGPZAADMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycyl-glycyl-glycine Natural products NCC(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(O)=O XKUKSGPZAADMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010089804 glycyl-threonine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010067006 heat stable toxin (E coli) Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091008039 hormone receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000960 hypophysis hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000984 immunochemical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012744 immunostaining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013383 initial experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079322 interferon Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940047124 interferons Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 101150109249 lacI gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940040129 luteinizing hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000869 mutational effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940053128 nerve growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000508 neurotrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940046166 oligodeoxynucleotide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000466 oxiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010647 peptide synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001151 peptidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 102000013415 peroxidase activity proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002205 phenol-chloroform extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006461 physiological response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003169 placental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940127126 plasminogen activator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001236 prokaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004853 protein function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000734 protein sequencing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012743 protein tagging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004850 protein–protein interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010814 radioimmunoprecipitation assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010188 recombinant method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102200095125 rs104893679 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102200082878 rs33935445 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102220151657 rs763546006 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003093 somatogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010033419 somatotropin-binding protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009870 specific binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000874 thyrotropin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001748 thyrotropin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001479 tosylchloramide sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002463 transducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N triamcinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002264 triphosphate group Chemical class [H]OP(=O)(O[H])OP(=O)(O[H])OP(=O)(O[H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001493 tyrosinyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 241001515965 unidentified phage Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VBEQCZHXXJYVRD-GACYYNSASA-N uroanthelone Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VBEQCZHXXJYVRD-GACYYNSASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108700026220 vif Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
- C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
- C40B40/00—Libraries per se, e.g. arrays, mixtures
- C40B40/02—Libraries contained in or displayed by microorganisms, e.g. bacteria or animal cells; Libraries contained in or displayed by vectors, e.g. plasmids; Libraries containing only microorganisms or vectors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/575—Hormones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/575—Hormones
- C07K14/61—Growth hormone [GH], i.e. somatotropin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
- C12N15/1034—Isolating an individual clone by screening libraries
- C12N15/1037—Screening libraries presented on the surface of microorganisms, e.g. phage display, E. coli display
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/62—DNA sequences coding for fusion proteins
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6803—General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
- G01N33/6845—Methods of identifying protein-protein interactions in protein mixtures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/74—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving hormones or other non-cytokine intercellular protein regulatory factors such as growth factors, including receptors to hormones and growth factors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
- C07K2319/02—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a signal sequence
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/70—Fusion polypeptide containing domain for protein-protein interaction
- C07K2319/735—Fusion polypeptide containing domain for protein-protein interaction containing a domain for self-assembly, e.g. a viral coat protein (includes phage display)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/70—Fusion polypeptide containing domain for protein-protein interaction
- C07K2319/74—Fusion polypeptide containing domain for protein-protein interaction containing a fusion for binding to a cell surface receptor
- C07K2319/75—Fusion polypeptide containing domain for protein-protein interaction containing a fusion for binding to a cell surface receptor containing a fusion for activation of a cell surface receptor, e.g. thrombopoeitin, NPY and other peptide hormones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2750/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssDNA viruses
- C12N2750/00011—Details
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2795/00—Bacteriophages
- C12N2795/00011—Details
- C12N2795/14011—Details ssDNA Bacteriophages
- C12N2795/14022—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2795/00—Bacteriophages
- C12N2795/00011—Details
- C12N2795/14011—Details ssDNA Bacteriophages
- C12N2795/14111—Inoviridae
- C12N2795/14122—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
- G01N2333/575—Hormones
- G01N2333/61—Growth hormones [GH] (Somatotropin)
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10S436/802—Protein-bacteriophage conjugates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S930/00—Peptide or protein sequence
- Y10S930/01—Peptide or protein sequence
- Y10S930/12—Growth hormone, growth factor other than t-cell or b-cell growth factor, and growth hormone releasing factor; related peptides
Definitions
- This invention relates to the preparation and systematic selection of novel binding proteins having altered binding properties for a target molecule. Specifically, this invention relates to methods for producing foreign polypeptides mimicking the binding activity of naturally occurring binding partners. In preferred embodiments, the invention is directed to the preparation of therapeutic or diagnostic compounds that mimic proteins or nonpeptidyl molecules such a hormones, drugs and other small molecules, particularly biologically active molecules such as growth hormone.
- Binding partners are substances that specifically bind to one another, usually through noncovalent interactions. Examples of binding partners include ligand-receptor, antibody-antigen, drug-target, and enzyme-substrate interactions. Binding partners are extremely useful in both therapeutic and diagnostic fields.
- Binding partners have been produced in the past by a variety of methods including; harvesting them from nature (e.g., antibody-antigen, and ligand-receptor pairings) and by adventitious identification (e.g. traditional drug development employing random screening of candidate molecules). In some instances these two approaches have been combined. For example, variants of proteins or polypeptides, such as polypeptide fragments, have been made that contain key functional residues that participate in binding. These polypeptide fragments, in turn, have been derivatized by methods akin to traditional drug development. An example of such derivitization would include strategies such as cyclization to conformationally constrain a polypeptide fragment to produce a novel candidate binding partner.
- Geysen In an attempt to overcome these problems, Geysen (Geysen, Immun. Today, 6:364-369 [1985]); and (Geysen et al., Mol. Immun., 23:709-715 [1986]) has proposed the use of polypeptide synthesis to provide a framework for systematic iterative binding partner identification and preparation.
- short polypeptides such as dipeptides
- the most active dipeptides are then selected for an additional round of testing comprising linking, to the starting dipeptide, an additional residue (or by internally modifying the components of the original starting dipeptide) and then screening this set of candidates for the desired activity. This process is reiterated until the binding partner having the desired properties is identified.
- the Geysen et al. method suffers from the disadvantage that the chemistry upon which it is based, peptide synthesis, produces molecules with ill-defined or variable secondary and tertiary structure.
- random interactions accelerate among the various substituent groups of the polypeptide so that a true random population of interactive molecules having reproducible higher order structure becomes less and less attainable.
- interactions between side chains of amino acids, which are sequentially widely separated but which are spatially neighbors freely occur.
- sequences that do not facilitate conformationally stable secondary structures provide complex peptide-sidechain interactions which may prevent sidechain interactions of a given amino acid with the target molecule.
- Such complex interactions are facilitated by the flexibility of the polyamide backbone of the polypeptide candidates.
- candidates may exist in numerous conformations making it difficult to identify the conformer that interacts or binds to the target with greatest affinity or specificity complicating rational drug design.
- a final problem with the iterative polypeptide method of Geysen is that, at present, there are no practical methods with which a great diversity of different peptides can be produced, screened and analyzed.
- the total number of all combinations of hexapeptides that must be synthesized is 64,000,000.
- Even having prepared such a diversity of peptides there are no methods available with which mixtures of such a diversity of peptides can be rapidly screened to select those peptides having a high affinity for the target molecule.
- each “adherent” peptide must be recovered in amounts large enough to carry out protein sequencing.
- fusion phage have been shown to be useful for displaying short mutated peptide sequences for identifying peptides that may react with antibodies (Scott et al., Science 249: 386-390, [1990]) and Cwirla et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. U.S.A 87: 6378-6382, [1990]). or a foreign protein (Devlin et al., Science, 249: 404-406 [1990]).
- fusion phage there are, however, several important limitations in using such “fusion phage” to identify altered peptides or proteins with new or enhanced binding properties.
- prior art methods have been unable to select peptides from a library having the highest binding affinity for a target molecule.
- Ladner WO 90/02802 discloses a method for selecting novel binding proteins displayed on the outer surface of cells and viral particles where it is contemplated that the heterologous proteins may have up to 164 amino acid residues. The method contemplates isolating and amplifying the displayed proteins to engineer a new family of binding proteins having desired affinity for a target molecule. More specifically, Ladner discloses a “fusion phage” displaying proteins having “initial protein binding domains” ranging from 46 residues (crambin) to 164 residues (T4 lysozyme) fused to the M13 gene III coat protein.
- Ladner teaches the use of proteins “no larger than necessary” because it is easier to arrange restriction sites in smaller amino acid sequences and prefers the 58 amino acid residue bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI).
- Small fusion proteins such as BPTI
- BPTI small fusion proteins
- T4 lysozyme small target molecules
- the preferred protein, BPTI is proposed to be fused to gene III at the site disclosed by Smith et al. or de la Cruz et al., J. Biol.
- hGH Human growth hormone
- hGH is a member of a family of homologous hormones that include placental lactogens, prolactins, and other genetic and species variants or growth hormone (Nicoll, C. S., et al., (1986) Endocrine Reviews 7, 169). hGH is unusual among these in that it exhibits broad species specificity and binds to either the cloned somatogenic (Leung, D. W., et al., [I987 ] Nature 330, 537) or prolactin receptor (Boutin, J. M., et al., [I988 ] Ce; 53, 69).
- the cloned gene for hGH has been expressed in a secreted form in Escherichia coli (Chang, C. N., et al., [I987 ] Gene 55, I89) and its DNA and amino acid sequence has been reported (Goeddel, et al., [I979 ] Nature 281, 544; Gray, et al., [I985 ] Gene 39, 247).
- the three-dimensional structure of hGH is not available. However, the three-dimensional folding pattern for porcine growth hormone (pGH) has been reported at moderate resolution and refinement (Abdel-Meguid, S. S., et al., [I987 ] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
- hGH Human growth hormone
- It is another object of this invention to prepare candidate binding substances comprising fusion proteins of a phage coat protein and a heterologous polypeptide where the polypeptide is greater than 100 amino acids in length and may be more than one subunit and is displayed on a phagemid particle where the polypeptide is encoded by the phagemid genome.
- Still another object of the invention is the production of growth hormone variants that exhibit stronger affinity for growth hormone receptor and binding protein.
- a method for selecting novel binding polypeptides comprising: (a) constructing a replicable expression vector comprising a first gene encoding a polypeptide, a second gene encoding at least a portion of a natural or wild-type phage coat protein wherein the first and second genes are heterologous, and a transcription regulatory element operably linked to the first and second genes, thereby forming a gene fusion encoding a fusion protein; (b) mutating the vector at one or more selected positions within the first gene thereby forming a family of related plasmids; (c) transforming suitable host cells with the plasmids; (d) infecting the transformed host cells with a helper phage having a gene encoding the phage coat protein; (e) culturing the transformed infected host cells under conditions suitable for forming recombinant phagemid particles containing at least a portion of the plasmid and capable of transforming the host, the conditions adjusted so that
- the method for selecting novel binding proteins where the proteins are composed of more than one subunit is achieved by selecting novel binding peptides comprising constructing a replicable expression vector comprising a transcription regulatory element operably linked to DNA encoding a protein of interest containing one or more subunits, wherein the DNA encoding at least one of the subunits is fused to the DNA encoding at least a portion of a phage coat protein; mutating the DNA encoding the protein of interest at one or more selected positions thereby forming a family of related vectors; transforming suitable host cells with the vectors; infecting the transformed host cells with a helper phage having a gene encoding the phage coat protein; culturing the transformed infected host cells under conditions suitable for forming recombinant phagemid particles containing at least a portion of the plasmid and capable of transforming the host, the conditions adjusted so that no more than a minor amount of phagemid particles display more than one copy of the fusion protein on the surface
- the plasmid is under tight control of the transcription regulatory element, and the culturing conditions are adjusted so that the amount or number of phagemid particles displaying more than one copy of the fusion protein on the surface of the particle is less than about 1%. Also preferably, amount of phagemid particles displaying more than one copy of the fusion protein is less than 10% the amount of phagemid particles displaying a single copy of the fusion protein. Most preferably the amount is less than 20%.
- the expression vector will further contain a secretory signal sequences fused to the DNA encoding each subunit of the polypeptide, and the transcription regulatory element will be a promoter system.
- Preferred promoter systems are selected from; Lac Z, ⁇ PL , TAC, T 7 polymerase, tryptophan, and alkaline phosphatase promoters and combinations thereof.
- the first gene will encode a mammalian protein, preferably the protein will be selected from; human growth hormone (hGH), N-methionyl human growth hormone, bovine growth hormone, parathyroid hormone, thyroxine, insulin A-chain, insulin B-chain, proinsulin, relaxin A-chain, relaxin B-chain, prorelaxin, glycoprotein hormones such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and leutinizing hormone (LH), glycoprotein hormone receptors, calcitonin, glucagon, factor VIII, an antibody, lung surfactant, urokinase, streptokinase, human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), bombesin, factor IX, thrombin, hemopoietic growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta, enkephalinase, human serum albumin, mullerian-inhibiting substance, mouse gonadotropin-associated peptide,
- the first gene will encode a polypeptide of one or more subunits containing more than about 100 amino acid residues and will be folded to form a plurality of rigid secondary structures displaying a plurality of amino acids capable of interacting with the target.
- the first gene will be mutated at codons corresponding to only the amino acids capable of interacting with the target so that the integrity of the rigid secondary structures will be preserved.
- helper phage selected from; 13 KO 7, M13R408, M13-VCS, and Phi X 174.
- the preferred helper phage is M13KO7
- the preferred coat protein is the M13 Phage gene III coat protein.
- the preferred host is E. coli , and protease deficient strains of E. coli . Novel hGH variants selected by the method of the present invention have been detected.
- Phagemid expression vectors were constructed that contain a suppressible termination codon functionally located between the nucleic acids encoding the polypeptide and the phage coat protein.
- FIG. 1 Strategy for displaying large proteins on the surface of filamentous phage and enriching for altered receptor binding properties.
- a plasmid, phGH-M13gIII was constructed that fuses the entire coding sequence of hGH to the carboxyl terminal domain of M13 gene III. Transcription of the fusion protein is under control of the lac promoter/operator sequence, and secretion is directed by the stII signal sequence.
- Phagemid particles are produced by infection with the “helper” phage, M13KO7, and particles displaying hGH can be enriched by binding to an affinity matrix containing the hGH receptor.
- the wild-type gene III (derived from the M13KO7 phage) is diagramed by 4-5 copies of the multiple arrows on the tip of the phage, and the fusion protein (derived from the phagemid, phGH-M13gIII) is indicated schematically by the folding diagram of hGH replacing the arrow head.
- FIG. 2 Immunoblot of whole phage particles shows that hGH comigrates with phage.
- Phagemid particles purified in a cesium chloride gradient were loaded into duplicate wells and electrophoresed through a 1% agarose gel in 375 mM Tris, 40 mM glycine pH 9.6 buffer. The gel was soaked in transfer buffer (25 mM Tris, pH 8.3, 200 mM glycine, 20% methanol) containing 2% SDS and 2% ⁇ -mercaptoethanol for 2 hours, then rinsed in transfer buffer for 6 hours. The proteins in the gel were then electroblotted onto immobilon membranes (Millipore).
- the membrane containing one set of samples was stained with Coomassie blue to show the position of the phage proteins (A).
- the duplicate membrane was immuno-stained for hGH by reacting the membrane with polyclonal rabbit anti-hGH antibodies followed by reaction with horseradish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibodies (B).
- Lane 1 contains the M13KO7 parent phage and is visible only in the Coomassie blue stained membrane, since it lacks hGH.
- Lanes 2 and 3 contain separate preparations of the hormone phagemid particles which is visible both by Coomassie and hGH immuno-staining.
- the difference in migration distance between the parent M13KO7 phage and hormone phagemid particles reflects the different size genomes that are packaged within (8.7 kb vs. 5.1 kb, respectively).
- FIG. 3 Summary diagram of steps in the selection process for an hGH-phage library randomized at codons 172, 174, 176, and 178.
- the template molecules, pH0415, containing a unique KpnI restriction site and the hGH(R178G, I179T) gene was mutagenized as described in the text and electrotransformed into E. coli strain WJM101 to obtain the initial phagemid library, Library 1.
- An aliquot (approximately 2%) from Library 1 was used directly in an initial selection round as described in the text to yield Library 1G.
- dsDNA double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was prepared from Library I, digested with restriction enzyme KpnI to eliminate template background, and electrotransformed into WJM101 to yield Library 2.
- FIG. 4 Structural model of hGH derived from a 2.8 ⁇ folding diagram of porcine growth hormone determined crystallographically. Location of residues in hGH that strongly modulate its binding to the hGH-binding protein are within the shaded circle. Alanine substitutions that cause a greater than tenfold reduction ( ⁇ ), a four- to tenfold reduction ( ⁇ ), or increase ( ⁇ ), or a two- to fourfold reduction ( ⁇ ), in binding affinity are indicated.
- Helical wheel projections in the regions of ⁇ -helix reveal their amphipathic quality. Blackened, shaded, or nonshaded residues are charged, polar, or nonpolar, respectively. In helix-4 the most important residues for mutation are on the hydrophilic face.
- FIG. 5 Amino acid substitutions at positions 172, 174, 176 and 178 of hGH (The notation, e.g. KSYR, denotes hGH mutant 172K/174S/176Y/178R) found after sequencing a number of clones from rounds 1 and 3 of the selection process for the pathways indicated (hGH elution; Glycine elution; or Glycine elution after pre-adsorption).
- Non-functional sequences i.e. vector background, or other prematurely terminated and/or frame-shifted mutants
- Functional sequences which contained a non-silent, spurious mutation i.e. outside the set of target residues
- Protein sequences which appeared more than once among all the sequenced clones, but with different DNA sequences, are marked with a “#”. Protein sequences which appeared more than once among the sequenced clones and with the same DNA sequence are marked with a “*”. Note that after three rounds of selection, 2 different contaminating sequences were found; these clones did not correspond to cassette mutants, but to previously constructed hormone phage.
- the pS0643 contaminant corresponds to wild-type hGH-phage (hGH “KEFR” (SEQ ID NO:44)).
- the pH0457 contaminant which dominates the third-round glycine-selected pool of phage, corresponds to a previously identified mutant of hGH, “KSYR.”
- K a previously identified mutant of hGH
- the amplification of these contaminants emphasizes the ability of the hormone-phage selection process to select for rarely occurring mutants.
- the convergence of sequences is also striking in all three pathways: R or K occurs most often at positions 172 and 178; Y or F occurs most often at position 176; and S, T, A, and other residues occur at position 174.
- FIG. 6 Sequences from phage selected on hPRLbp-beads in the presence of zinc. The notation is as described in FIG. 5 . Here, the convergence of sequences is not predictable, but there appears to be a bias towards hydrophobic sequences under the most stringent (Glycine) selection conditions; L, W and P residues are frequently found in this pool.
- Glycine Glycine
- FIG. 7 Sequences from phage selected on hPRLbp-beads in the absence of zinc. The notation is as described in FIG. 5 . In contrast to the sequences of FIG. 6 , these sequences appear more hydrophilic. After 4 rounds of selection using hGH elution, two clones (ANHQ (SEQ ID NO:45), and TLDT/171V (SEQ ID NO:108)) dominate the pool.
- FIG. 8 Sequences from phage selected on blank beads. The notation is as described in FIG. 5 . After three rounds of selection with glycine elution, no siblings were observed and a background level of non-functional sequences remained.
- FIG. 9 Construction of phagemid fl ori from pHO415.
- This vector for cassette mutagenesis and expression of the hGH-gene III fusion protein was constructed as follows. Plasmid pS0643 was constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of pS0132, which contains pBR322 and f1 origins of replication and expresses an hGH-gene III fusion protein (hGH residues 1-191, followed by a single Gly residue, fused to Pro-198 of gene III) under the control of the E. coli phoA promoter.
- Mutagenesis was carried out with the oligonucleotide 5′-GGC-AGC-TGT-GGC-T TC-TAG-A GT-GGC-GGC-GGC-TCT-GGT-3′ (SEQ ID NO:1), which introduced a XbaI site (underlined) and an amber stop codon (TAG) following Phe-191 of hGH.
- FIG. 10 A. Diagram of plasmid pDH188 insert containing the DNA encoding the light chain and heavy chain (variable and constant domain 1) of the F ab humanized antibody directed to the HER-2 receptor.
- V L and V H are the variable regions for the light and heavy chains, respectively.
- C k is the constant region of the human kappa light chain.
- CH1 G1 is the first constant region of the human gamma 1 chain. Both coding regions start with the bacterial st II signal sequence.
- B A schematic diagram of the entire plasma pDH188 containing the insert described in 5A. After transformation of the plasmid into E. coli SR101 cells and the addition of helper phage, the plasmid is packaged into phage particles. Some of these particles display the F ab -p III fusion (where p III is the protein encoded by the M13 gene III DNA). The segments in the plasmid figure correspond to the insert shown in 5A.
- FIG. 11 A through C are collectively referred to here as FIG. 11 .
- the amino acid sequence of the light chain is also shown (Seq. ID No: 25), as is the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain p III fusion (Seq. ID No:26).
- FIG. 12 Enrichment of wild-type 4D5 F ab phagemid from variant F ab phagemid.
- Mixtures of wild-type phagemid and variant 4D5 F ab phagemid in a ratio of 1:1,000 were selected on plates coated with the extra-cellular domain protein of the HER-2 receptor. After each round of selection, a portion of the eluted phagemid were infected into E. coli and plasmid DNA was prepared. This plasmid DNA was then digested with Eco RV and Pst I, separated on a 5% polyacrylamide gel, and stained with ethidium bromide. The bands were visualized under UV light. The bands due to the wild-type and variant plasmids are marked with arrows.
- the first round of selection was eluted only under acid conditions; subsequent rounds were eluted with either an acid elution (left side of Figure) or with a humanized 4D5 antibody wash step prior to acid elution (right side of Figure) using methods described in Example VIII.
- H91A amino acid histidine at position 91 on the V L chain mutated to alanine; indicated as ‘A’ lanes in Figure
- Y49A amino acid tyrosine at position 49 on the V L chain mutated to alanine; indicated as ‘B’ lanes in the Figure
- Y92A amino acid tyrosine at position 92 on the V L chain mutated to alanine; indicated as ‘C’ lanes in the Figure.
- Amino acid position numbering is according to Kabat et al., ( Sequences of proteins of immunological interest, 4th ed., U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Nat'l. Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md. [1987]).
- FIG. 13 The Scatchard analysis of the RIA affinity determination described in Experimental Protocols is shown here.
- the amount of labeled ECD antigen that is bound is shown on the x-axis while the amount that is bound divided by the amount that is free is shown on the y-axis.
- the slope of the line indicates the K a ; the calculated K d is 1/K a .
- the method of the instant invention comprises a method for selecting novel binding polypeptides, such as protein ligands, having a desired, usually high, affinity for a target molecule from a library of structurally related binding polypeptides.
- the library of structurally related polypeptides, fused to a phage coat protein, is produced by mutagenesis and, preferably, a single copy of each related polypeptide is displayed on the surface of a phagemid particle containing DNA encoding that polypeptide.
- These phagemid particles are then contacted with a target molecule and those particles having the highest affinity for the target are separated from those of lower affinity.
- the high affinity binders are then amplified by infection of a bacterial host and the competitive binding step is repeated. This process is reiterated until polypeptides of the desired affinity are obtained.
- novel binding polypeptides or ligands produced by the method of this invention are useful per se as diagnostics or therapeutics (eg. agonists or antagonists) used in treatment of biological organisms. Structural analysis of the selected polypeptides may also be used to facilitate rational drug design.
- binding polypeptide as used herein is meant any polypeptide that binds with a selectable affinity to a target molecule.
- the polypeptide will be a protein that most preferably contains more than about 100 amino acid residues.
- the polypeptide will be a hormone or an antibody or a fragment thereof.
- high affinity as used herein is meant an affinity constant (K d ) of ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 M and preferably ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 M under physiological conditions.
- target molecule as used herein is meant any molecule, not necessarily a protein, for which it is desirable to produce a ligand.
- the target will be a protein and most preferably the target will be a receptor, such as a hormone receptor.
- humanized antibody as used herein is meant an antibody in which the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of a mouse or other non-human antibody are grafted onto a human antibody framework.
- human antibody framework is meant the entire human antibody excluding the CDRs.
- the first step in the method of this invention is to choose a polypeptide having rigid secondary structure exposed to the surface of the polypeptide for display on the surface of a phage.
- polypeptide as used herein is meant any molecule whose expression can be directed by a specific DNA sequence.
- the polypeptides of this invention may comprise more than one subunit, where each subunit is encoded by a separate DNA sequence.
- rigid secondary structure any polypeptide segment exhibiting a regular repeated structure such as is found in; ⁇ -helices, 3 10 helices, ⁇ -helices, parallel and antiparallel ⁇ -sheets, and reverse turns.
- Certain “non-ordered” structures that lack recognizable geometric order are also included in the definition of rigid secondary structure provided they form a domain or “patch” of amino acid residues capable of interaction with a target and that the overall shape of the structure is not destroyed by replacement of an amino acid within the structure. It is believed that some non-ordered structures are combinations of reverse turns.
- the geometry of these rigid secondary structures is well defined by ⁇ and ⁇ torsional angles about the ⁇ -carbons of the peptide “backbone”.
- the requirement that the secondary structure be exposed to the surface of the polypeptide is to provide a domain or “patch” of amino acid residues that can be exposed to and bind with a target molecule. It is primarily these amino acid residues that are replaced by mutagenesis that form the “library” of structurally related (mutant) binding polypeptides that are displayed on the surface of the phage and from which novel polypeptide ligands are selected. Mutagenesis or replacement of amino acid residues directed toward the interior of the polypeptide is generally avoided so that the overall structure of the rigid secondary structure is preserved. Some replacement of amino acids on the interior region of the rigid secondary structures, especially with hydrophobic amino acid residues, may be tolerated since these conservative substitutions are unlikely to distort the overall structure of the polypeptide.
- hGH amino acids 167, 171, 175 and 179 were phagemid selected.
- hGH amino acids 10, 14, 18 and 21 were phagemid selected.
- Optimum amino acid changes from a previous cycle may be incorporated into the polypeptide before the next cycle of selection. For example, hGH amino acids substitution 174 (serine) and 176 (tyrosine) were incorporated into the hGH before the phagemid selection of hGH amino acids 167, 171, 175 and 179.
- the amino acid residues that form the binding domain of the polypeptide will not be sequentially linked and may reside on different subunits of the polypeptide. That is, the binding domain tracks with the particular secondary structure at the binding site and not the primary structure.
- mutations will be introduced into codons encoding amino acids within a particular secondary structure at sites directed away from the interior of the polypeptide so that they will have the potential to interact with the target.
- FIG. 2 shows the location of residues in hGH that are known to strongly modulate its binding to the hGH-binding protein (Cunningham et al., Science 247:1461-1465 [1990]).
- representative sites suitable for mutagenesis would include residues 172, 174, 176, and 178 on helix-4, as well as residue 64 located in a “non-ordered” secondary structure.
- polypeptide chosen as a ligand to a target normally bind to that target.
- a glycoprotein hormone such as TSH can be chosen as a ligand for the FSH receptor and a library of mutant TSH molecules are employed in the method of this invention to produce novel drug candidates.
- polypeptides that binds to a target molecule, and includes antibodies.
- Preferred polypeptides are those that have pharmaceutical utility. More preferred polypeptides include; a growth hormone, including human growth hormone, des-N-methionyl human growth hormone, and bovine growth hormone; parathyroid hormone; thyroid stimulating hormone; thyroxine; insulin A-chain; insulin B-chain; proinsulin; follicle stimulating hormone; calcitonin; leutinizing hormone; glucagon; factor VIII; an antibody; lung surfactant; a plasminogen activator, such as urokinase or human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA); bombesin; factor IX, thrombin; hemopoietic growth factor; tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta; enkephalinase; a serum albumin such as human serum albumin; mullerian-inhibiting substance; relaxin A-chain; relaxin B-chain; prore
- polypeptides of this invention are human growth hormone and atrial naturetic peptides A, B, and C, endotoxin, subtilisin, trypsin and other serine proteases.
- polypeptide hormones that can be defined as any amino acid sequence produced in a first cell that binds specifically to a receptor on the same cell type (autocrine hormones) or a second cell type (non-autocrine) and causes a physiological response characteristic of the receptor-bearing cell.
- polypeptide hormones include cytokines, lymphokines, neurotrophic hormones and adenohypophyseal polypeptide hormones such as growth hormone, prolactin, placental lactogen, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, thyrotropin, chorionic gonadotropin, corticotropin, or ⁇ -melanocyte-stimulating hormone, ⁇ -lipotropin gamma-lipotropin and the endorphins; hypothalmic release-inhibiting hormones such as corticotropin-release factor, growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone, growth hormone-release factor; and other polypeptide hormones such as atrial natriuretic peptides A, B or C.
- cytokines such as growth hormone, prolactin, placental lactogen, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, thyrotropin, chorionic gonadotropin, corticotropin, or ⁇ -melanocyte-
- the gene encoding the desired polypeptide i.e., a polypeptide with a rigid secondary structure
- the DNA encoding the gene may be chemically synthesized (Merrfield, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 85:2149 [1963]).
- the sequence of the gene is not known, or if the gene has not previously been isolated, it may be cloned from a cDNA library (made from RNA obtained from a suitable tissue in which the desired gene is expressed) or from a suitable genomic DNA library.
- probes include monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies (provided that the cDNA library is an expression library), oligonucleotides, and complementary or homologous cDNAs or fragments thereof.
- the probes that may be used to isolate the gene of interest from genomic DNA libraries include cDNAs or fragments thereof that encode the same or a similar gene, homologous genomic DNAs or DNA fragments, and oligonucleotides. Screening the cDNA or genomic library with the selected probe is conducted using standard procedures as described in chapters 10-12 of Sambrook et al., supra.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction methodology
- the gene may be inserted into a suitable vector (preferably a plasmid) for amplification, as described generally in Sambrook et al., supra.
- a suitable vector preferably a plasmid
- Plasmid vectors are the preferred vectors for use herein, as they may be constructed with relative ease, and can be readily amplified. Plasmid vectors generally contain a variety of components including promoters, signal sequences, phenotypic selection genes, origin of replication sites, and other necessary components as are known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- Promoters most commonly used in prokaryotic vectors include the lac Z promoter system, the alkaline phosphatase pho A promoter, the bacteriophage ⁇ PL promoter (a temperature sensitive promoter), the tac promoter (a hybrid trp - lac promoter that is regulated by the lac repressor), the tryptophan promoter, and the bacteriophage T7 promoter.
- the lac Z promoter system the alkaline phosphatase pho A promoter
- the bacteriophage ⁇ PL promoter a temperature sensitive promoter
- the tac promoter a hybrid trp - lac promoter that is regulated by the lac repressor
- tryptophan promoter a hybrid trp - lac promoter that is regulated by the lac repressor
- the tryptophan promoter a hybrid trp - lac promoter that is regulated by the lac repressor
- the tryptophan promoter the tryptophan promoter
- Preferred promoters for practicing this invention are those that can be tightly regulated such that expression of the fusion gene can be controlled. It is believed that the problem that went unrecognized in the prior art was that display of multiple copies of the fusion protein on the surface of the phagemid particle lead to multipoint attachment of the phagemid with the target. It is believed this effect, referred to as the “chelate effect”, results in selection of false “high affinity” polypeptides when multiple copies of the fusion protein are displayed on the phagemid particle in close proximity to one another so that the target was “chelated”. When multipoint attachment occurs, the effective or apparent Kd may be as high as the product of the individual Kds for each copy of the displayed fusion protein. This effect may be the reason Cwirla and coworkers supra were unable to separate moderate affinity peptides from higher affinity peptides.
- Preferred promoters used to practice this invention are the lac Z promoter and the pho A promoter.
- the lac Z promoter is regulated by the lac repressor protein lac i, and thus transcription of the fusion gene can be controlled by manipulation of the level of the lac repressor protein.
- the phagemid containing the lac Z promoter is grown in a cell strain that contains a copy of the lac i repressor gene, a repressor for the lac Z promoter.
- Exemplary cell strains containing the lac i gene include JM 101 and XL1-blue.
- the host cell can be cotransfected with a plasmid containing both the repressor lac i and the lac Z promoter.
- phagemid particles containing the lac Z promoter are grown in cell strains containing the lac i gene and the cell strains are cotransfected with a plasmid containing both the lac Z and lac i genes.
- an inducer such as isopropylthiogalactoside (IPTG).
- IPTG isopropylthiogalactoside
- the number of fusion proteins per phagemid particle is about 0.1 (number of bulk fusion proteins/number of phagemid particles).
- the most preferred promoter used to practice this invention is pho A. This promoter is believed to be regulated by the level of inorganic phosphate in the cell where the phosphate acts to down-regulate the activity of the promoter. Thus, by depleting cells of phosphate, the activity of the promoter can be increased. The desired result is achieved by growing cells in a phosphate enriched medium such as 2YT or LB thereby controlling the expression of the gene III fusion.
- One other useful component of vectors used to practice this invention is a signal sequence.
- This sequence is typically located immediately 5′ to the gene encoding the fusion protein, and will thus be transcribed at the amino terminus of the fusion protein. However, in certain cases, the signal sequence has been demonstrated to be located at positions other 5′ to the gene encoding the protein to be secreted. This sequence targets the protein to which it is attached across the inner membrane of the bacterial cell.
- the DNA encoding the signal sequence may be obtained as a restriction endonuclease fragment from any gene encoding a protein that has a signal sequence.
- Suitable prokaryotic signal sequences may be obtained from genes encoding, for example, LamB or OmpF (Wong et al., Gene, 68:193 [1983]), MalE, PhoA and other genes.
- a preferred prokaryotic signal sequence for practicing this invention is the E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin II (STII) signal sequence as described by Chang et al., Gene, 55: 189 [1987].
- STII enterotoxin II
- phenotypic selection genes are those encoding proteins that confer antibiotic resistance upon the host cell.
- amp ampicillin resistance gene
- tet tetracycline resistance gene
- Suitable vectors comprising the aforementioned components as well as the gene encoding the desired polypeptide (gene 1) are prepared using standard recombinant DNA procedures as described in Sambrook et al. supra. Isolated DNA fragments to be combined to form the vector are cleaved, tailored, and ligated together in a specific order and orientation to generate the desired vector.
- the DNA is cleaved using the appropriate restriction enzyme or enzymes in a suitable buffer.
- a suitable buffer In general, about 0.2-1 ⁇ g of plasmid or DNA fragments is used with about 1-2 units of the appropriate restriction enzyme in about 20 ⁇ l of buffer solution.
- Appropriate buffers, DNA concentrations, and incubation times and temperatures are specified by the manufacturers of the restriction enzymes. Generally, incubation times of about one or two hours at 37° C. are adequate, although several enzymes require higher temperatures. After incubation, the enzymes and other contaminants are removed by extraction of the digestion solution with a mixture of phenol and chloroform, and the DNA is recovered from the aqueous fraction by precipitation with ethanol.
- the ends of the DNA fragments must be compatible with each other. In some cases, the ends will be directly compatible after endonuclease digestion. However, it may be necessary to first convert the sticky ends commonly produced by endonuclease digestion to blunt ends to make them compatible for ligation. To blunt the ends, the DNA is treated in a suitable buffer for at least 15 minutes at 15° C. with 10 units of the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I (Klenow) in the presence of the four deoxynucleotide triphosphates. The DNA is then purified by phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation.
- the cleaved DNA fragments may be size-separated and selected using DNA gel electrophoresis.
- the DNA may be electrophoresed through either an agarose or a polyacrylamide matrix. The selection of the matrix will depend on the size of the DNA fragments to be separated.
- the DNA is extracted from the matrix by electroelution, or, if low-melting agarose has been used as the matrix, by melting the agarose and extracting the DNA from it, as described in sections 6.30-6.33 of Sambrook et al., supra.
- the DNA fragments that are to be ligated together are put in solution in about equimolar amounts.
- the solution will also contain ATP, ligase buffer and a ligase such as T4 DNA ligase at about 10 units per 0.5 ⁇ g of DNA.
- the vector is at first linearized by cutting with the appropriate restriction endonuclease(s).
- the linearized vector is then treated with alkaline phosphatase or calf intestinal phosphatase. The phosphatasing prevents self-ligation of the vector during the ligation step.
- Prokaryotes are the preferred host cells for this invention.
- Suitable prokaryotic host cells include E. coli strain JM101, E. coli K12 strain 294 (ATCC number 31,446), E. coli strain W3110 (ATCC number 27,325), E. coli X1776 (ATCC number 31,537), E. coli XL-1 Blue (stratagene), and E. coli B; however many other strains of E. coli , such as HB101, NM522, NM538, NM539, and many other species and genera of prokaryotes may be used as well.
- E. coli strain JM101 E. coli K12 strain 294
- E. coli strain W3110 ATCC number 27,325
- E. coli X1776 ATCC number 31,537
- E. coli XL-1 Blue stratagene
- E. coli B E. coli B
- many other strains of E. coli such as HB101, NM522, NM53
- bacilli such as Bacillus subtilis
- enterobacteriaceae such as Salmonella typhimurium or Serratia marcesans
- various Pseudomonas species may all be used as hosts.
- Transformation of prokaryotic cells is readily accomplished using the calcium chloride method as described in section 1.82 of Sambrook et al., supra.
- electroporation may be used to transform these cells.
- the transformed cells are selected by growth on an antibiotic, commonly tetracycline (tet) or ampicillin (amp), to which they are rendered resistant due to the presence of tet and/or amp resistance genes on the vector.
- tet tetracycline
- amp amp
- Plasmid DNA can be isolated using methods known in the art. Two suitable methods are the small scale preparation of DNA and the large-scale preparation of DNA as described in sections 1.25-1.33 of Sambrook et al., supra. The isolated DNA can be purified by methods known in the art such as that described in section 1.40 of Sambrook et al., supra. This purified plasmid DNA is then analyzed by restriction mapping and/or DNA sequencing. DNA sequencing is generally performed by either the method of Messing et al. Nucleic Acids Res., 9:309 [1981] or by the method of Maxam et al. Meth. Enzymol., 65: 499 [1980].
- This invention contemplates fusing the gene enclosing the desired polypeptide (gene 1) to a second gene (gene 2) such that a fusion protein is generated during transcription.
- Gene 2 is typically a coat protein gene of a phage, and preferably it is the phage M13 gene III coat protein, or a fragment thereof. Fusion of genes 1 and 2 may be accomplished by inserting gene 2 into a particular site on a plasmid that contains gene 1, or by inserting gene 1 into a particular site on a plasmid that contains gene 2.
- Insertion of a gene into a plasmid requires that the plasmid be cut at the precise location that the gene is to be inserted. Thus, there must be a restriction endonuclease site at this location (preferably a unique site such that the plasmid will only be cut at a single location during restriction endonuclease digestion).
- the plasmid is digested, phosphatased, and purified as described above.
- the gene is then inserted into this linearized plasmid by ligating the two DNAs together. Ligation can be accomplished if the ends of the plasmid are compatible with the ends of the gene to be inserted.
- the DNAs can be ligated together directly using a ligase such as bacteriophage T4 DNA ligase and incubating the mixture at 16° C. for 1-4 hours in the presence of ATP and ligase buffer as described in section 1.68 of Sambrook et al., supra. If the ends are not compatible, they must first be made blunt by using the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I or bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase, both of which require the four deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates to fill-in overhanging single-stranded ends of the digested DNA.
- a ligase such as bacteriophage T4 DNA ligase
- the ends may be blunted using a nuclease such as nuclease S1 or mung-bean nuclease, both of which function by cutting back the overhanging single strands of DNA.
- the DNA is then religated using a ligase as described above.
- oligonucleotide linkers may be used. The linkers serve as a bridge to connect the plasmid to the gene to be inserted. These linkers can be made synthetically as double stranded or single stranded DNA using standard methods.
- the linkers have one end that is compatible with the ends of the gene to be inserted; the linkers are first ligated to this gene using ligation methods described above.
- the other end of the linkers is designed to be compatible with the plasmid for ligation.
- care must be taken to not destroy the reading frame of the gene to be inserted or the reading frame of the gene contained on the plasmid.
- it may be necessary to design the linkers such that they code for part of an amino acid, or such that they code for one or more amino acids.
- termination codons are UAG (amber), UAA (ocher) and UGA (opel). (Microbiology, Davis et al. Harper & Row, New York, 1980, pages 237, 245-47 and 274).
- the termination codon expressed in a wild type host cell results in the synthesis of the gene 1 protein product without the gene 2 protein attached.
- growth in a suppressor host cell results in the synthesis of detectable quantities of fused protein.
- Such suppressor host cells contain a tRNA modified to insert an amino acid in the termination codon position of the mRNA thereby resulting in production of detectable amounts of the fusion protein.
- suppressor host cells are well known and described, such as E. coli suppressor strain (Bullock et al., BioTechniques 5, 376-379 [1987]). Any acceptable method may be used to place such a termination codon into the mRNA encoding the fusion polypeptide.
- the suppressible codon may be inserted between the first gene encoding a polypeptide, and a second gene encoding at least a portion of a phage coat protein.
- the suppressible termination codon may be inserted adjacent to the fusion site by replacing the last amino acid triplet in the polypeptide or the first amino acid in the phage coat protein.
- the polypeptide When the phagemid is grown in a non-suppressor host cell, the polypeptide is synthesized substantially without fusion to the phage coat protein due to termination at the inserted suppressible triplet encoding UAG, UAA, or UGA. In the non-suppressor cell the polypeptide is synthesized and secreted from the host cell due to the absence of the fused phage coat protein which otherwise anchored it to the host cell.
- Gene 1 encoding the desired polypeptide may be altered at one or more selected codons.
- An alteration is defined as a substitution, deletion, or insertion of one or more codons in the gene encoding the polypeptide that results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide as compared with the unaltered or native sequence of the same polypeptide.
- the alterations will be by substitution of at least one amino acid with any other amino acid in one or more regions of the molecule.
- the alterations may be produced be a variety of methods known in the art. These methods include but are not limited to oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis and cassette mutagenesis.
- Oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis is preferred method for preparing substitution, deletion, and insertion variants of gene 1. This technique is well known in the art as described by Zoller et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 10: 6487-6504 [1987]. Briefly, gene 1 is altered by hybridizing an oligonucleotide encoding the desired mutation to a DNA template, where the template is the single-stranded form of the plasmid containing the unaltered or native DNA sequence of gene 1. After hybridization, a DNA polymerase is used to synthesize an entire second complementary strand of the template will thus incorporate the oligonucleotide primer, and will code for the selected alteration in gene 1.
- oligonucleotides of at least 25 nucleotides in length are used.
- An optimal oligonucleotide will have 12 to 15 nucleotides that are completely complementary to the template on either side of the nucleotide(s) coding for the mutation. This ensures that the oligonucleotide will hybridize properly to the single-stranded DNA template molecule.
- the oligonucleotides are readily synthesized using techniques known in the art such as that described by Crea et al. Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. USA, 75: 5765 [1978].
- the DNA template can only be generated by those vectors that are either derived from bacteriophage M13 vectors (the commercially available M13mp18 and M13mp19 vectors are suitable), or those vectors that contain a single-stranded phage origin of replication as described by Viera et al. Meth. Enzymol., 153: 3 [1987]. Thus, the DNA that is to be mutated must be inserted into one of these vectors in order to generate single-stranded template. Production of the single-stranded template is described in sections 4.21-4.41 of Sambrook et al., supra.
- the oligonucleotide is hybridized to the single stranded template under suitable hybridization conditions.
- a DNA polymerizing enzyme usually the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I, is then added to synthesize the complementary strand of the template using the oligonucleotide as a primer for synthesis.
- a heteroduplex molecule is thus formed such that one strand of DNA encodes the mutated form of gene 1, and the other strand (the original template) encodes the native, unaltered sequence of gene 1.
- This heteroduplex molecule is then transformed into a suitable host cell, usually a prokaryote such as E. Coli JM101. After growing the cells, they are plated onto agarose plates and screened using the oligonucleotide primer radiolabelled with 32-Phosphate to identify the bacterial colonies that contain the mutated DNA.
- the method described immediately above may be modified such that a homoduplex molecule is created wherein both strands of the plasmid contain the mutation(s).
- the modifications are as follows:
- the single-stranded oligonucleotide is annealed to the single-stranded template as described above.
- a mixture of three deoxyribonucleotides, deoxyriboadenosine (dATP), deoxyriboguanosine (dGTP), and deoxyribothymidine (dTTP) is combined with a modified thio-deoxyribocytosine called dCTP-(aS) (which can be obtained from Amersham). This mixture is added to the template-oligonucleotide complex.
- this new strand of DNA Upon addition of DNA polymerase to this mixture, a strand of DNA identical to the template except for the mutated bases is generated.
- this new strand of DNA will contain dCTP-(aS) instead of dCTP, which serves to protect it from restriction endonuclease digestion.
- the template strand can be digested with ExolII nuclease or another appropriate nuclease past the region that contains the site(s) to be mutagenized. The reaction is then stopped to leave a molecule that is only partially single-stranded.
- a complete double-stranded DNA homoduplex is then formed using DNA polymerase in the presence of all four deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates, ATP, and DNA ligase.
- This homoduplex molecule can then be transformed into a suitable host cell such as E. coli JM101, as described above.
- Mutants with more than one amino acid to be substituted may be generated in one of several ways. If the amino acids are located close together in the polypeptide chain, they may be mutated simultaneously using one oligonucleotide that codes for all of the desired amino acid substitutions. If, however, the amino acids are located some distance from each other (separated by more than about ten amino acids), it is more difficult to generate a single oligonucleotide that encodes all of the desired changes. Instead, one of two alternative methods may be employed.
- a separate oligonucleotide is generated for each amino acid to be substituted.
- the oligonucleotides are then annealed to the single-stranded template DNA simultaneously, and the second strand of DNA that is synthesized from the template will encode all of the desired amino acid substitutions.
- the alternative method involves two or more rounds of mutagenesis to produce the desired mutant.
- the first round is as described for the single mutants: wild-type DNA is used for the template, an oligonucleotide encoding the first desired amino acid substitution(s) is annealed to this template, and the heteroduplex DNA molecule is then generated.
- the second round of mutagenesis utilizes the mutated DNA produced in the first round of mutagenesis as the template.
- this template already contains one or more mutations.
- the oligonucleotide encoding the additional desired amino acid substitution(s) is then annealed to this template, and the resulting strand of DNA now encodes mutations from both the first and second rounds of mutagenesis.
- This resultant DNA can be used as a template in a third round of mutagenesis, and so on.
- This method is also a preferred method for preparing substitution, deletion, and insertion variants of gene 1.
- the method is based on that described by Wells et al. Gene, 34:315 [1985].
- the starting material is the plasmid (or other vector) comprising gene 1, the gene to be mutated.
- the codon(s) in gene 1 to be mutated are identified.
- a double-stranded oligonucleotide encoding the sequence of the DNA between the restriction sites but containing the desired mutation(s) is synthesized using standard procedures. The two strands are synthesized separately and then hybridized together using standard techniques.
- This double-stranded oligonucleotide is referred to as the cassette.
- This cassette is designed to have 3′ and 5′ ends that are compatible with the ends of the linearized plasmid, such that it can be directly ligated to the plasmid.
- This plasmid now contains the mutated DNA sequence of gene 1.
- this invention contemplates production of variants of a desired protein containing one or more subunits.
- Each subunit is typically encoded by separate gene.
- Each gene encoding each subunit can be obtained by methods known in the art (see, for example, Section II). In some instances it may be necessary to obtain the gene encoding the various subunits using separate techniques selected from any of the methods described in Section II.
- all subunits can be regulated by the same promoter, typically located 5′ to the DNA encoding the subunits, or each may be regulated by separate promoter suitably oriented in the vector so that each promoter is operably linked to the DNA it is intended to regulate. Selection of promoters is carried out as described in Section III above.
- FIG. 10 In constructing a replicable expression vector containing DNA encoding the protein of interest having multiple subunits, the reader is referred to FIG. 10 where, by way of illustration, a vector is diagrammed showing DNA encoding each subunit of an antibody fragment.
- a vector is diagrammed showing DNA encoding each subunit of an antibody fragment.
- This figure shows that, generally, one of the subunits of the protein of interest will be fused to a phage coat protein such as M13 gene III. This gene fusion generally will contain its own signal sequence. A separate gene encodes the other subunit or subunits, and it is apparent that each subunit generally has its own signal sequence.
- FIG. 10 also shows that a single promoter can regulate the expression of both subunits. Alternatively, each subunit may be independently regulated by a different promoter.
- the protein of interest subunit-phage coat protein fusion construct can be made as described in Section IV above.
- DNA encoding each subunit in the vector may mutated in one or more positions in each subunit.
- preferred sites of mutagenesis correspond to codons encoding amino acid residues located in the complementarity-determining regions (CDR) of either the light chain, the heavy chain, or both chains.
- CDRs are commonly referred to as the hypervariable regions.
- Target proteins such as receptors
- glycoprotein hormone receptors may be prepared by the technique described by McFarland et al., Science 245:494-499 [1989]
- nonglycosylated forms expressed in E. coli are described by Fuh et al. J. Biol. Chem 265:3111-3115 [1990]
- Other receptors can be prepared by standard methods.
- the purified target protein may be attached to a suitable matrix such as agarose beads, acrylamide beads, glass beads, cellulose, various acrylic copolymers, hydroxylalkyl methacrylate gels, polyacrylic and polymethacrylic copolymers, nylon, neutral and ionic carriers, and the like. Attachment of the target protein to the matrix may be accomplished by methods described in Methods in Enzymology 44 [1976], or by other means known in the art.
- the immobilized target is contacted with the library of phagemid particles under conditions suitable for binding of at least a portion of the phagemid particles with the immobilized target.
- the conditions including pH, ionic strength, temperature and the like will mimic physiological conditions.
- Binders having high affinity for the immobilized target are separated from those having a low affinity (and thus do not bind to the target) by washing. Binders may be dissociated from the immobilized target by a variety of methods. These methods include competitive dissociation using the wild-type ligand, altering pH and/or ionic strength, and methods known in the art.
- Suitable host cells are infected with the binders and helper phage, and the host cells are cultured under conditions suitable for amplification of the phagemid particles. The phagemid particles are then collected and the selection process is repeated one or more times until binders having the desired affinity for the target molecule are selected.
- the library of phagemid particles may be sequentially contacted with more than one immobilized target to improve selectivity for a particular target.
- a ligand such as hGH has more than one natural receptor.
- both the growth hormone receptor and the prolactin receptor bind the hGH ligand. It may be desirable to improve the selectivity of hGH for the growth hormone receptor over the prolactin receptor. This can be achieved by first contacting the library of phagemid particles with immobilized prolactin receptor, eluting those with a low affinity (i.e.
- hGH mutant having a lower affinity for the prolactin receptor would have therapeutic utility even if the affinity for the growth hormone receptor were somewhat lower than that of wild type hGH.
- This same strategy may be employed to improve selectivity of a particular hormone or protein for its primary function receptor over its clearance receptor.
- an improved substrate amino acid sequence can be obtained. These may be useful for making better “cut sites” for protein linkers, or for better protease substrates/inhibitors.
- an immobilizable molecule e.g. hGH-receptor, biotin-avidin, or one capable of covalent linkage with a matrix
- the linker will preferably be from 3 to 10 amino acids in length and will act as a substrate for a protease.
- a phagemid will be constructed as described above where the DNA encoding the linker region is randomly mutated to produce a randomized library of phagemid particles with different amino acid sequences at the linking site.
- the library of phagemid particles are then immobilized on a matrix and exposed to a desired protease.
- Phagemid particles having preferred or better substrate amino acid sequences in the liner region for the desired protease will be eluted, first producing an enriched pool of phagemid particles encoding preferred linkers.
- These phagemid particles are then cycled several more times to produce an enriched pool of particles encoding consense sequence(s) (see examples XIII and XIV).
- the cloned gene for hGH has been expressed in a secreted form in Eschericha coli (Chang, C. N>, et al., [1987 ] Gene 55, 189) and its DNA and amino acid sequence has been reported (Goeddel, et al. [1979 ] Nature 281, 544; Gray et al., [1985 ] Gene 39, 247).
- the present invention describes novel hGH variants produced using the phagemid selection methods. Human growth hormone variants containing substitutions at positions 10, 14, 18, 21, 167, 171, 172, 174, 175, 176, 178 and 179 have been described. Those having higher binding affinities are described in Tables VII, XIII and XIV.
- Growth hormone variants may be administered and formulated in the same manner as regular growth hormone.
- the growth hormone variants of the present invention may be expressed in any recombinant system which is capable of expressing native or met hGH.
- Therapeutic formulations of hGH for therapeutic administration are prepared for storage by mixing hGH having the desired degree of purity with optional physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers ( Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16th edition, Osol, A., Ed., (1980), in the form of lyophilized cake or aqueous solutions.
- Acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers are nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid; low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine, or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; divalent metal ions such as zinc, cobalt or copper; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counterions such as sodium; and/or nonionic surfactants such as Tween, Pluronics or polyethylene glycol (PEG).
- buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other
- Formulations of the present invention may additionally contain a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer, amino acid, bulking agent and/or non-ionic surfactant.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer include, for example, buffers, chelating agents, antioxidants, preservatives, cosolvents, and the like; specific examples of these could include, trimethylamaine salts (“Tris buffer”), and disodium edetate.
- Tris buffer trimethylamaine salts
- the phagemids of the present invention may be used to produce quantities of the hGH variants free of the phage protein.
- pS0643 and derivatives can simply be grown in a non-suppressor strain such as 16C9. In this case, the amber codon (TAG) leads to termination of translation, which yields free hormone, without the need for an independent DNA construction.
- the hGH variant is secreted from the host and may be isolated from the culture medium.
- One or more of the eight hGH amino acids F10, M14, H18, H21, R167, D171, T175 and I179 may be replaced by any amino acid other than the one found in that position in naturally occurring hGH as indicated. Therefore, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or all 8 of the indicated amino acids, F10, M14, H18, H21, R167, D171, T175 and I179, may be replaced by any of the other 19 amino acids out of the 20 amino acids listed below. In a preferred embodiment, all eight listed amino acids are replaced by another amino acid. The most preferred eight amino acids to be substituted are indicated in Table XIV in Example XII.
- the plasmid phGH-M13gIII ( FIG. 1 ), was constructed from M13KO7 7 and the hGH producing plasmid, pBO473 (Cunningham, B. C., et al., Science, 243:1330-1336, [1989]).
- a synthetic oligonucleotide 5′-AGC-TGT-GGC-TTC- GGG-CCC -TTA-GCA-TTT-AAT-GCG-GTA-3′ (SEQ ID NO:2) was used to introduce a unique ApaI restriction site (underlined) into pBO473 after the final Phe191 codon of hGH.
- the oligonucleotide 5′-TTC-ACA-AAC-GAA- GGG-CCC -CTA-ATT-AAA-GCC-AGA-3′ was used to introduce a unique ApaI restriction site (underlined), and a Glu197-to-amber stop codon (bold lettering) into M13KO7 gene III.
- the oligonucleotide 5′-CAA-TAA-TAA-CGG- GCT-AGC -CAA-AAG-AAC-TGG-3′ introduces a unique NheI site (underlined) after the 3′ end of the gene III coding sequence.
- a 138 bp EcoRI-XbaI fragment containing the lac promoter, operator, and Cap binding site was produced by PCR of plasmid pUC119 using the oligonucleotides 5′-CACGACA GAATTC CCGACTGGAAA-3′ (SEQ ID NO:5) and 5′-CTGTT TCTAGA GTGAAATTGTTA-3′ (SEQ ID NO:6) that flank the desired lac sequences and introduce the EcoRI and XbaI restriction sites (underlined).
- This lac fragment was gel purified and ligated into the large EcoRI-XbaI fragment of pSO132 to create the plasmid, phGH-M13gIII.
- the sequences of all tailored DNA junctions were verified by the dideoxy sequence method (Sanger, F., et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74:5463-5467, [1977]).
- the R64A variant hGH phagemid was constructed as follows: the NsiI-BglII mutated fragment of hGH (Cunningham et al. supra) encoding the Arg64 to Ala substitution (R64A) (Cunningham, B. C., Wells, J.
- Plasmids were transformed into a male strain of E. coli (JM101) and selected on carbenicillin plates. A single transformant was grown in 2 ml 2YT medium for 4 h at 37° C. and infected with 50 ⁇ l of M13KO7 helper phage. The infected culture was diluted into 30 ml 2YT, grown overnight, and phagemid particles were harvested by precipitation with polyethylene glycol (Vierra, J., Messing, J., Methods in Enzymology, 153:3-11, [1987]). Typical phagemid particle titers ranged from 2 to 5 ⁇ 10 11 cfu/ml. The particles were purified to homogeneity by CsCl density centrifugation (Day, L. A. J. Mol. Biol., 39:265-277, [1969]) to remove any fusion protein not attached to virions.
- Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to hGH were purified with protein A, and coated onto microtiter plates (Nunc) at a concentration of 2 ⁇ g/ml in 50 mM sodium carbonate buffer (pH 10) at 4° C. for 16-20 hours. After washing in PBS containing 0.05% Tween 20, hGH or hGH-phagemid particles were serially diluted from 2.0-0.002 nM in buffer A (50 mM Tris (pH 7.5), 50 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, 5 mg/ml bovine serum albumin, and 0.05% Tween 20). After 2 hours at room temperature (rt), the plates were washed well and the indicated Mab (Cunningham et al.
- Oxirane polyacrylamide beads (Sigma) were conjugated to the purified extracellular domain of the hGH receptor (hGHbp) (Fuh, G., et al., J. Biol. Chem., 265:3111-3115 [1990]) containing an extra cysteine residue introduced by site-directed mutagenesis at position 237 that does not affect binding of hGH (J. Wells, unpublished).
- the hGHbp was conjugated as recommended by the supplier to a level of 1.7 pmol hGHbp/mg dry oxirane bead, as measured by binding of [ 125 I] hGH to the resin. Subsequently, any unreacted oxirane groups were blocked with BSA and Tris.
- BSA was similarly coupled to the beads.
- Buffer for adsorption and washing contained 10 mM Tris.HCl (pH 7.5), 1 mM EDTA, 50 mM NaCl, 1 mg/ml BSA, and 0.02% Tween 20.
- Elution buffers contained wash buffer plus 200 nM hGH or 0.2 M glycine (pH 2.1).
- Parental phage M13KO7 was mixed with hGH phagemid particles at a ratio of nearly 3000:1 (original mixture) and tumbled for 8-12 h with a 5 ⁇ l aliquot (0.2 mg of acrylamide beads) of either absorbent in a 50 ⁇ l volume at room temperature.
- the beads were pelleted by centrifugation and the supernate carefully removed.
- the beads were resuspended in 200 ⁇ l wash buffer and tumbled at room temperature for 4 hours (wash 1). After a second wash (wash 2), the beads were eluted twice with 200 nM hGH for 6-10 hours each (eluate 1, eluate 2).
- the final elution was with a glycine buffer (pH 2.1) for 4 hours to remove remaining hGH phagemid particles (eluate 3).
- Each fraction was diluted appropriately in 2YT media, mixed with fresh JM101, incubated at 37° C. for 5 minutes, and plated with 3 ml of 2YT soft agar on LB or LB carbenicillin plates.
- the gene III protein is composed of 410 residues divided into two domains that are separated by a flexible linker sequence (Armstrong, J., et al., FEBS Lett., 135:167-172, [1981]).
- the amino-terminal domain is required for attachment to the pili of E. coli , while the carboxyl-terminal domain is imbedded in the phage coat and required for proper phage assembly (Crissman, J. W., Smith, G. P., Virology, 132:445-455, [1984]).
- the signal sequence and amino-terminal domain of gene III was replaced with the stII signal and entire hGH gene (Chang et al.
- FIG. 1 by fusion to residue 198 in the carboxyl-terminal domain of gene III ( FIG. 1 ).
- the hGH-gene III fusion was placed under control of the lac promoter/operator in a plasmid (phGH-M13gIII; FIG. 1 ) containing the pBR322 ⁇ -lactamase gene and Col E1 replication origin, and the phage f1 intergenic region.
- the vector can be easily maintained as a small plasmid vector by selection on carbenicillin, which avoids relying on a functional gene III fusion for propagation.
- the plasmid can be efficiently packaged into virions (called phagemid particles) by infection with helper phage such as M13KO7 (Viera et al. supra) which avoids problems of phage assembly.
- helper phage such as M13KO7 (Viera et al. supra) which avoids problems of phage assembly.
- Phagemid infectivity titers based upon transduction to carbenicillin resistance in this system varied from 2-5 ⁇ 10 11 colony forming units (cfu)/ml.
- the titer of the M13KO7 helper phage in these phagemid stocks is ⁇ 10 10 plaque forming units (pfu)/ml.
- the titer of fusion phage displaying the hGH gene III fusion is about 2-5 ⁇ 10 10 /ml. This number is much greater than the titer of E. coli ( ⁇ 10 8 to 10 9 /ml) in the culture from which they are derived. Thus, on average every E. coli cell produces 10-100 copies of phage decorated with an hGH gene III fusion protein.
- FIG. 2 Immunoblot analysis ( FIG. 2 ) of the hGH-gene III phagemid show that hGH cross-reactive material comigrates with phagemid particles in agarose gels. This indicates that the hGH is tightly associated with phagemid particles.
- the hGH-gene III fusion protein from the phagemid particles runs as a single immuno-stained band showing that there is little degradation of the hGH when it is attached to gene III. Wild-type gene III protein is clearly present because about 25% of the phagemid particles are infectious. This is comparable to specific infectivity estimates made for wild-type M13 phage that are similarly purified (by CsCl density gradients) and concentrations estimated by UV absorbance (Smith, G. P. supra and Parmley, Smith supra) Thus, both wild-type gene III and the hGH-gene III fusion proteins are displayed in the phage pool.
- hGHbp The extracellular domain of the hGH receptor (hGHbp) (Fuh et al., supra) containing a free cysteino residue was efficiently coupled to these beads and phagemid particles showed very low non-specific binding to beads coupled only to bovine serum albumin (Table II).
- a fusion phagemid was constructed with an hGH mutant in which Arg64 was substituted with Ala (R64A).
- the R64A variant hormone is about 20-fold reduced in receptor binding affinity compared to hGH (Kd values of 7.1 nM and 0.34 nM, respectively [Cunningham, Wells, supra]).
- the titers of the R64A hGH-gene III fusion phagemid were comparable to those of wild-type hGH phagemid.
- the wild-type hGH phagemid was enriched from a mixture of the two phagemids plus M13KO7 by 8-fold relative to the phagemid R64A, and ⁇ 10 4 relative to M13KO7 helper phage.
- Binding selections were carried out using beads linked with BSA (control beads) or with the hGHbp (hGHbp beads) as described in Table II and the Materials and Methods After each step, plasmid DNA was isolated (Birnboim, H. C., Doly, J., Nucleic Acids Res., 7: 1513-1523, [1979]) from carbenicillin resistant colonies and analyzed by restriction analysis to determine if it contained the wild-type hGH or the R64A hGH gene III fusion.
- hGH a 22 kD protein
- Protein-protein and antibody-antigen interactions are dominated by discontinuous epitopes (Janin, J., et al., J. Mol. Biol., 204:155-164, [1988]; Argos, P., Prot. Eng., 2:101-113, [1988]; Barlow, D. J., et al., Nature, 322:747-748, [1987]; and Davies, D. R., et al., J. Biol. Chem., 263:10541-10544, [1988]); that is the residues directly involved in binding are close in tertiary structure but separated by residues not involved in binding.
- the screening system presented here should allow one to analyze more conveniently protein-receptor interactions and isolate discontinuous epitopes in proteins with new and high affinity binding properties.
- a mutant of the hGH-gene III fusion protein was constructed using the method of Kunkel, et al. Meth. Enzymol. 154, 367-382 [1987].
- Template DNA was prepared by growing the plasmid pS0132 (containing the natural hGH gene fused to the carboxy-terminal half of M13 gene III, under control of the alkaline phosphatase promoter) in CJ236 cells with M13-K07 phage added as helper.
- Single-stranded, uracil-containing DNA was prepared for mutagenesis to introduce (1) a mutation in hGH which would greatly reduce binding to the hGH binding protein (hGHbp); and (2) a unique restriction site (KpnI) which could be used for assaying for—and selecting against—parental background phage.
- Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was carried out using T7 DNA polymerase and the following oligodeoxy-nucleotide (SEQ ID NO:7):
- hGH codon Gly Thr 178 179 5′-G ACA TTC CTG G G T A C C GTG CAG T-3′ ⁇ KpnI >
- This oligo introduces the KpnI site as shown, along with mutations (R178G, I179T) in hGH. These mutations are predicted to reduce binding of hGH to hGHbp by more than 30-fold.
- Clones from the mutagenesis were screened by KpnI digestion and confirmed by dideoxy DNA sequencing. The resulting construct, to be used as a template for random mutagenesis, was designated pHO415.
- Codons 172, 174, 176, 178 were targeted for random mutagenesis in hGH, again using the method of Kunkel.
- Single-stranded template from pH0415 was prepared as above and mutagenesis was carried out using the following pool of oligos (SEQ ID NO:8):
- hGH codon 172 174 5′-GC TTC AGG AAG GAC ATG GAC NNS GTC NNS ACA-- Ile 176 178 179 NNS CTG NNS A T C GTG CAG TGC CGC TCT GTG G-3′
- NNS random codons
- the mutagenesis products were extracted twice with phenol:chloroform (50:50) and ethanol precipitated with an excess of carrier tRNA to avoid adding salt that would confound the subsequent electroporation step.
- dsDNA double-stranded DNA
- pLIB1 double-stranded DNA
- the supernatant was spun again to remove any remaining cells, and the phage, designated phage pool ⁇ 1, were PEG-precipitated and resuspended in 1 mL STE buffer (10 mM Tris, pH 7.6, 1 mM EDTA, 50 mM NaCl).
- Phage titers were measured as colony-forming units (CFU) for the recombinant phagemid containing hGH-g3p gene III fusion (hGH-g 3 ) plasmid, and plaque-forming units (PFU) for the M13-K07 helper phage.
- CFU colony-forming units
- PFU plaque-forming units
- BINDING An aliquot of phage pool ⁇ 1 (6 ⁇ 10 9 CFU, 6 ⁇ 10 7 PFU) was diluted 4.5-fold in buffer A (Phosphate-buffered saline, 0.5% BSA, 0.05% Tween-20, 0.01% thimerosal) and mixed with a 5 ⁇ L suspension of oxirane-polyacrylamide beads coupled to the hGHbp containing a Ser237 Cys mutation (350 fmols) in a 1.5 mL silated polypropylene tube.
- buffer A Phosphate-buffered saline, 0.5% BSA, 0.05% Tween-20, 0.01% thimerosal
- an equivalent aliquot of phage were mixed in a separate tube with beads that had been coated with BSA only.
- the phage were allowed to bind to the beads by incubating 3 hours at room temperature (23° C.) with slow rotation (approximately 7 RPM). Subsequent steps were
- hGH ELUTION Phage/phagemid binding weakly to the beads were removed by stepwise elution with hGH. In the first step, the beads were rotated with buffer A containing 2 nM hGH. After 17 hours, the beads were pelleted and resuspended in buffer A containing 20 nM hGH and rotated for 3 hours, then pelleted. In the final hGH wash, the beads were suspended in buffer A containing 200 nM hGH and rotated for 3 hours then pelleted.
- GLYCINE ELUTION To remove the tightest-binding phagemid (i.e. those still bound after the hGH washes), beads were suspended in Glycine buffer (1 M Glycine, pH 2.0 with HCl), rotated 2 hours and pelleted. The supernatant (fraction “G”; 200 ⁇ L) was neutralized by adding 30 ⁇ L of 1 M Tris base.
- the hGHbp-beads yielded 14 times as many CFU's. This reflects the enrichment of tight-binding hGH-displaying phagemid over nonspecifically-binding phagemid.
- Phage from library 1G ( FIG. 3 ) were selected for binding to hGHbp beads as described above. Fraction G eluted from hGHbp beads contained 30 times as many CFU's as fraction G eluted from BSA-beads in this selection. Again, an aliquot of fraction G was propagated in WJM101 cells to yield library 1G 2 (indicating that this library had been twice selected by glycine elution). Double-stranded DNA (pLIB 1G 2 ) was also prepared from this culture.
- phage Library 2 ( FIG. 3 ).
- Phagemid binding, elution, and propagation were carried out in successive rounds for phagemid derived from both pLIB 2 and pLIB 3 ( FIG. 3 ) as described above, except that (1) an excess (10-fold over CFU) of purified K07 phage (not displaying hGH) was added in the bead-binding cocktail, and (2) the hGH stepwise elutions were replaced with brief washings of buffer A alone. Also, in some cases, XL1-Blue cells were used for phagemid propagation.
- hGH codon 172 174 176 178 5′-AAG GTC TCC ACA TAC CTG AGG ATC-3′
- Residue 172 in these clones is Lys as in wild-type.
- the codon selected for 172 is also identical to wild-type hGH. This is not surprising since AAG is the only lysine-codon possible from a degenerate “NNS” codon set.
- Residue 178-Arg is also the same as wild-type, but here, the codon selected from the library was AAG instead of CGC as is found in wild-type hGH, even though the latter codon is also possible using the “NNS” codon set.
- the multiplicity of infection of K07 infection is an important parameter in the propagation of recombinant phagemids.
- the K07 multiplicity of infection must be high enough to insure that virtually all cells transformed or transfected with phagemid are able to package new phagemid particles.
- the concentration of wild-type gene III in each cell should be kept high to reduce the possibility of multiple hGH-gene III fusion molecules being displayed on each phagemid particle, thereby reducing chelate effects in binding.
- the K07 multiplicity of infection is too high, the packaging of K07 will compete with that of recombinant phagemid. We find that acceptable phagemid yields, with only 1-10% background K07 phage, are obtained when the K07 multiplicity of infection is 100.
- Phage pools are labeled as shown ( FIG. 3 ).
- the multiplicity of infection (moi) refers to the multiplicity of K07 infection (PFU/cells) in the propagation of phagemid.
- the enrichment of CFU over PFU is shown in those cases where purified K07 was added in the binding step.
- the ratio of CFU eluting from hGHbp-beads over CFU eluting from BSA-beads is shown.
- the fraction of KpnI-containing template (i.e., pH0415) remaining in the pool was determined by digesting dsDNA with KpnI plus EcoRI, running the products on a 1% agarose gel, and laser-scanning a negative of the ethidium bromide-stained DNA.
- hGH codon 172 174 176 178 Lys Ser Tyr Arg 5′-ATG GAC AAG GT G TC G ACA T A C CTG CGC ATC GTG-3′
- the resulting construct, pH0458B was transformed into E. coli strain 16C9 for expression of the mutant hormone. Scatchard analysis of competitive binding of hGH(E174S, F176Y) versus 125 I-hGH to hGHbp indicated that the (E174S, F176Y) mutant has a binding affinity at least 5.0-fold tighter than that of wild-type hGH.
- Human growth hormone variants were produced by the method of the present invention using the phagemid described in FIG. 9 .
- Plasmid pS0643 was constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (Kunkel et al., Methods Enzymol. 154, 367-382 [1987]) of pS0132, which contains pBR322 and f1 origins of replication and expresses an hGH-gene III fusion protein (hGH residues 1-191, followed by a single Gly residue, fused to Pro-198 of gene III) under the control of the E. coli phoA promoter (Bass et al., Proteins 8, 309-314 [1990])( FIG. 9 ).
- pS0643 and derivatives can be grown in a amber-suppressor strain of E. coli , such as JM101 or XL1-Blue (Bullock et al., BioTechniques 5, 376-379 [1987]). Shown above is substitution of Glu at the amber codon which occurs in supE suppressor strains. Suppression with other amino acids is also possible in various available strains of E. coli well known and publically available.
- pS0643 and derivatives can simply be grown in a non-suppressor strain such as 16C9.
- the amber codon (TAG) leads to termination of translation, which yields free hormone, without the need for an independent DNA construction.
- pS0643 was mutated with the oligonucleotides (1) 5′-CGG-ACT-GGG-C AG-ATA-T TC-AAG-CAG-ACC-3′ (SEQ ID NO:13), which destroys the unique BglII site of pS0643; (2) 5′-CTC-AAG-AAC-TAC-G GG-TTA-CC C-TGA-CTG-CTT-CAG-GAA-GG-3′ (SEQ ID NO:14), which inserts a unique BstEII site, a single-base frameshift, and a non-amber stop codon (TGA); and (3) 5′-CGC-ATC-GTG-CAG-TGC- AGA-TCT -GTG-GAG-GGC-3′ (SEQ ID NO:15), which introduces a new BglII site, to yield the starting vector, pH0509.
- Codons 172, 174, 176 and 178 of hGH were targeted for random mutagenesis because they all lie on or near the surface of hGH and contribute significantly to receptor-binding (Cunningham and Wells, Science 244, 1081-1085 [1989]); they all lie within a well-defined structure, occupying 2 “turns” on the same side of helix 4; and they are each substituted by at least one amino acid among known evolutionary variants of hGH.
- TAG amber
- the vector was prepared by digesting pH0509 with BstEII followed by BglII . The products were run on a 1% agarose gel and the large fragment excised, phenol-extracted, and ethanol precipitated. This fragment was treated with calf intestinal phosphatase (Boehringer), then phenol:chloroform extracted, ethanol precipitated, and resuspended for ligation with the mutagenic cassette.
- Approximately 150 ng (45 fmols) of DNA was electroporated into XL1-Blue cells (1.8 ⁇ 10 9 cells in 0.045 mL) in a 0.2 cm cuvette at a voltage setting of 2.49 kV with a single pulse (time constant 4.7 msec.).
- dsDNA double-stranded DNA
- pH0529E the initial library
- phage pool ⁇ H0529E the initial library of phage
- Phage titers were measured as colony-forming units (CFU) for the recombinant phagemid containing hGH-g3p. Approximately 4.5 ⁇ 10 13 CFU were obtained from the starting library.
- hGHbp-beads Immobilized hGHbp (“hGHbp-beads”) was prepared as described (Bass et al., Proteins 8, 309-314 [1990]), except that wild-type hGHbp (Fuh et al., J. Biol. Chem. 265, 3111-3115 [1990]) was used.
- hPRLbp-beads Immobilized hPRLbp (“hPRLbp-beads”) was prepared as above, using the 211-residue extracellular domain of the prolactin receptor (Cunningham et al., Science 250, 1709-1712 [1990]).
- “Blank beads” were prepared by treating the oxirane-acrylamide beads with 0.6 M ethanolamine (pH 9.2) for 15 hours at 4° C.
- Buffer A PBS, 0.5% BSA, 0.05% Tween 20, 0.01% thimerosal
- Buffer B 50 m M tris pH 7.5, 10 m M MgCl 2 , 0.5% BSA, 0.05% Tween 20, 100 m M ZnCl 2
- Buffer C PBS, 0.5% BSA, 0.05% Tween 20, 0.01% thimerosal, 10 m M EDTA
- Binding selections were carried out according to each of the following paths: (1) binding to blank beads, (2) binding to hGHbp-beads, (3) binding to hPRLbp-beads (+Zn 2+ ), (4) binding to hPRLbp-beads (+EDTA), (5) pre-adsorbing twice with hGHbp beads then binding the non-adsorbed fraction to hPRLbp-beads (“ ⁇ hGHbp, +hPRLbp” selection), or (6) pre-adsorbing twice with hPRLbp-beads then binding the non-adsorbed fraction to hGHbp-beads (“ ⁇ hPRLbp, +hGHbp” selection).
- Binding and elution of phage was carried out in each cycle as follows:
- BINDING An aliquot of hormone phage (typically 10 9 -10 10 CFU) was mixed with an equal amount of non-hormone phage (pCAT), diluted into the appropriate buffer (A, B, or C), and mixed with a 10 mL suspension of hGHbp, hPRLbp or blank beads in a total volume of 200 mL in a 1.5 mL polypropylene tube. The phage were allowed to bind to the beads by incubating 1 hour at room temperature (23° C.) with slow rotation (approximately 7 RPM). Subsequent steps were carried out with a constant volume of 200 ⁇ L and at room temperature.
- pCAT non-hormone phage
- WASHES The beads were spun 15 sec., and the supernatant was removed. To reduce the number of phage not specifically bound, the beads were washed 5 times by resuspending briefly in the appropriate buffer, then pelleting.
- hGH ELUTION Phage binding weakly to the beads were removed by elution with hGH. The beads were rotated with the appropriate buffer containing 400 n M hGH for 15-17 hours. The supernatant was saved as the “hGH elution” and the beads. The beads were washed by resuspending briefly n buffer and pelleting.
- GLYCINE ELUTION To remove the tightest-binding phage (i.e. those still bound after the hGH wash), beads were suspended in Glycine buffer (Buffer A plus 0.2 M Glycine, pH 2.0 with HCl), rotated 1 hour and pelleted. The supernatant (“Glycine elution”; 200 ⁇ L) was neutralized by adding 30 mL of 1 M Tris base and stored at 4° C.
- Phage binding, elution, and propagation were carried out in successive rounds, according to the cycle described above.
- the phage amplified from the hGH elution from hGHbp-beads were again selected on hGHbp-beads and eluted with hGH, then used to infect a new culture of XL1-Blue cells.
- Three to five rounds of selection and propagation were carried out for each of the selection procedures described above.
- Mutants of hGH were prepared from osmotically shocked cells by ammonium sulfate precipitation as described for hGH (Olson et al., Nature 293, 408-411 [1981]), and protein concentrations were measured by laser densitomoetry of Coomassie-stained SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels, using hGH as standard (Cunningham and Wells, Science 244, 1081-1085 [1989]).
- the binding affinity of each mutant was determined by displacement of 125 I hGH as described (Spencer et al., J. Biol. Chem. 263, 7862-7867 [1988]; Fuh et al., J. Biol. Chem. 265, 3111-3115 [1990]), using an anti-receptor monoclonal antibody (Mab263).
- Binding assays may be carried out for mutants selected for hPRLbp-binding.
- substitution of a particular amino acid has essentially the same effect independent of surrounding residues.
- substitution of F176Y in the background of 172R/174S reduces binding affinity by 2.0-fold (RSFR (SEQ ID NO:85) vs. RSYR (SEQ ID NO:88)).
- RSFR SEQ ID NO:85
- RSYR SEQ ID NO:88
- the binding affinity of the F176Y mutant is 2.9-fold weaker than the corresponding 176F mutant (KAFR; Cunningham and Wells, 1989).
- the binding constants determined for several selected mutants of hGH demonstrate non-additive effects of some amino acid substitutions at residues 172, 174, 176, and 178.
- the substitution E174S results in a mutant (KSYR (SEQ ID NO:84)) which binds hGHbp 3.7-fold tighter than the corresponding mutant containing E174A (KAYR (SEQ ID NO:89)).
- the effects of these E174 substitutions are reversed.
- the E174A mutant (RAYR (SEQ ID NO:86)
- RYR SEQ ID NO:88
- Example VIII Using the methods described in Example VIII, we targeted another region of hGH involved in binding to the hGHbp and/or hPRLbp, helix 1 residues 10, 14, 18, 21, for random mutagenesis in the phGHam-g3p vector (also known as pS0643; see Example VIII).
- phGHam-g3p the “amber” hGH-g3 construct
- Phage produced from both pS0132 S. Bass, R. Greene, J. A. Wells, Proteins 8, 309 (1990)
- phGHam-g3 were tested with three antibodies (Medix 2, 1B5.G2, and 5B7.C10) that are known to have binding determinants near the carboxyl-terminus of hGH [B. C. Cunningham, P. Jhurani, P. Ng, J. A.
- Phagemid particles from phGHam-g3 reacted much more strongly with antibodies Medix 2, 1B5.G2, and 5B7.C10 than did phagemid particles from pS0132.
- binding of pS0132 particles was reduced by >2000-fold for both Medix 2 and 5B7.C10 and reduced by >25-fold for 1B5.G2 compared to binding to Medix 1.
- binding of phGHam-g3 phage was weaker by only about 1.5-fold, 1.2-fold, and 2.3-fold for the Medix 2, 1B5.G2, and 5B7.C10 antibodies, respectively, compared with binding to MEDIX 1.
- This library was constructed by cassette mutagenesis that fully mutated four residues at a time (see Example VIII) which utilized a mutated version of phGHam-g3 into which unique KpnI (at hGH codon 27) and XhoI (at hGH codon 6) restriction sites (underlined below) had been inserted by mutagenesis [T. A. Kunkel, J. D. Roberts, R. A. Zakour, Methods Enzymol.
- the later oligo also introduced a +1 frameshift (italicized) to terminate translation from the starting vector and minimize wild-type background in the phagemid library. This strating vector was designated pH0508B.
- the helix 1 library which mutated hGH residues 10, 14, 18, 21, was constructed by ligating to the large XhoI-KpnI fragment of pH0508B a cassette made from the complementary oligonucleotides 5′-pTCG AGG CTC NNS GAC AAC GCG NNS CTG CGT GCT NNS CGT CTT NNS CAG CTG GCC TTT GAC ACG TAC-3′ (SEQ ID NO:20) and 5′-pGT GTC AAA GGC CAG CTG SNN AAG ACG SNN AGC ACG CAG SNN CGC GTT GTC SNN GAG CC-3′ (SEQ ID NO:21).
- the KpnI site was destroyed in the junction of the ligation product so that restriction enzyme digestion could be used for analysis of non-mutated background.
- the library contained at least 10 7 independent transformants so that if the library were absolutely random (10 6 different combinations of codons) we would have an average of about 10 copies of each possible mutated hGH gene. Restriction analysis using KpnI indicated that at least 80% of helix 1 library constructs contained the inserted cassette.
- Binding enrichments of hGH-phage from the libraries was carried out using hGHbp immobilized on oxirane-polyacrylamide beads (Sigma Chemical Co.) as described (Example VIII).
- hGHbp immobilized on oxirane-polyacrylamide beads
- Table VIII Four residues in helix 1 (F10, M14, H18, and H21) were similarly mutated and after 4 and 6 cycles a non-wild-type consensus developed (Table VIII).
- Position 10 on the hydrophobic face of helix 1 tended to be hydrophobic whereas positions 21 and 18 on the hydrophillic face tended were dominated by Asn; no obvious consensus was evident for position 14 (Table IX).
- the binding constants for these mutants of hGH to hGHbp was determined by expressing the free hormone variants in the non-suppressor E. coli strain 16C9, purifying the protein, and assaying by competitive displacement of labelled wt-hGH from hGHbp (see Example VIII). As indicated, several mutants bind tighter to hGHbp than does wt-hGH.
- the number P indicates the fractional occurrence of each mutant among all the clones sequenced after one or more rounds of selection.
- the helix 4b library was constructed in an attempt to further improve the helix 4 double mutant (E174S/F176Y) selected from the helix 4a library that we found bound tighter to the hGH receptor (see Example VIII). With the E174S/F176Y hGH mutant as the background starting hormone, residues were mutated that surrounded positions 174 and 176 on the hydrophilic face of helix 4 (R167, D171, T175 and I179).
- Binding enrichments of hGH-phage from the libraries was carried out using hGHbp immobilized on oxirane-polyacrylamide beads (Sigma Chemical Co.) as described (Example VIII). After 6 cycles of binding a reasonably clear consensus developed (Table XI). Interestingly, all positions tended to contain polar residues, notably Ser, Thr and Asn (XII).
- the binding constants for some of these mutants of hGH to hGHbp was determined by expressing the free hormone variants in the non-suppressor E. coli strain 16C9, purifying the protein, and assaying by competitive displacement of labelled wt-hGH from hGHbp (see Example VIII). As indicated, the binding affinities of several helix-4b mutants for hGHbp were tighter than that of wt-hGH Table XIII).
- the E174S/F176Y mutant binds 200-fold weaker to the hPRLbp than hGH.
- the E174T/F176Y/R178K and R167N/D171S/E174S/F176Y/I179T mutants each bind >500-fold weaker to the hPRLbp than hGH.
- Hormone-Phagemid Selection Identifies the Information-Content of Particular Residues
- mutations learned through hormone-phagemid enrichment to improve binding can be combined by simple cutting and ligation of restriction fragments or mutagenesis to yield cumulatively optimized mutants of hGH.
- hormone phagemid enrichment can be carried out by one of several variations on the iterative enrichment approach (1) random DNA libraries can be generated in each of two (or perhaps more) regions of the molecule by cassette or another mutagenesis method.
- a combined library can be created by ligation of restriction fragments from the two DNA libraries; (2) an hGH variant, optimized for binding by mutation in one region of the molecule, can be randomly mutated in a second region of the molecule as in the helix-4b library example; (3) two or more random libraries can be partially selected for improved binding by hormone-phagemid enrichment; after this “roughing-in” of the optimized binding site, the still-partially-diverse libraries can be recombined by ligation of restriction fragments to generate a single library, partially diverse in two or more regions of the molecules, which in turn can be further selected for optimized binding using hormone-phagemid enrichment.
- the number P indicates the fractional occurrence of each mutant among all the clones sequenced after one or more rounds of selection.
- the helix 4b mutations (*) are in the background of hGH(E174S/F176Y).
- the E174S/F176Y mutant (*) with wt residues at 167, 171, 175, 179, is shown in bold.
- Plasmid pDH 188 contains the DNA encoding the F ab portion of a humanized IgG antibody, called 4D5, that recognizes the HER-2 receptor. This plasmid is contained in E. coli strain SR 101, and has been deposited with the ATCC in Rockville, Md.
- the plasmid was prepared as follows: the starting plasmid was pS0132, containing the alkaline phosphatase promoter as described above.
- the DNA encoding human growth hormone was excised and, after a series of manipulations to make the ends of the plasmid compatible for ligation, the DNA encoding 4D5 was inserted.
- the 4D5 DNA contains two genes. The first gene encodes the variable and constant regions of the light chain, and contains at its 5′ end the DNA encoding the st II signal sequence. The second gene contains four portions: first, at its 5′ end is the DNA encoding the st II signal sequence.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- electroporation Both polyethylene glycol (PEG) and electroporation were used to transform plasmids into SR101 cells.
- PEG competent cells were prepared and transformed according to the method of Chung and Miller (Nucleic Acids Res. 16:3580 [1988]). Cells that were competent for electroporation were prepared, and subsequently transformed via electroporation according to the method of Zabarovsky and Winberg ( Nucleic Acids Res. 18:5912 [1990]). After placing the cells in 1 ml of the SOC media (described in Sambrook et al., supra), they were grown for 1 hour at 37° C. with shaking. At this time, the concentration of the cells was determined using light scattering at OD 600 .
- a titered KO7 phage stock was added to achieve an multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100, and the phage were allowed to adhere to the cells for 20 minutes at room temperature. This mixture was then diluted into 25 mls of 2YT broth (described in Sambrook et al., supra) and incubated with shaking at 37° C. overnight. The next day, cells were pelleted by centrifugation at 5000 ⁇ g for 10 minutes, the supernatant was collected, and the phage particles were precipitated with 0.5 M NaCl and 4% PEG (final concentration) at room temperature for 10 minutes.
- MOI multiplicity of infection
- Phage particles were pelleted by centrifugation at 10,000 ⁇ g for 10 minutes, resuspended in 1 ml of TEN (10 mM Tris, pH 7.6, 1 mM EDTA, and 150 mM NaCl), and stored at 4° C.
- TEN 10 mM Tris, pH 7.6, 1 mM EDTA, and 150 mM NaCl
- Approximately 10 9 phage particles were mixed with a 100-fold excess of KO7 helper phage and 1 ml of buffer A. This mixture was divided into two 0.5 ml aliquots; one of which was applied to ECD coated wells, and the other was applied to BSA coated wells. The plates were incubated at room temperature while shaking for one to three hours, and were then washed three times over a period of 30 minutes with 1 ml aliquots of buffer A.
- Elution of the phage from the plates was done at room temperature by one of two methods: 1) an initial overnight incubation of 0.025 mg/ml purified Mu4D5 antibody (murine) followed by a 30 minute incubation with 0.4 ml of the acid elution buffer (0.2 M glycine, pH 2.1, 0.5% BSA, and 0.05% Tween-20), or 2) an incubation with the acid elution buffer alone. Eluates were then neutralized with 1 M Tris base, and a 0.5 ml aliquot of TEN was added. These samples were then propagated, titered, and stored at 4° C.
- the acid elution buffer 0.2 M glycine, pH 2.1, 0.5% BSA, and 0.05% Tween-20
- the affinity of h4D5 F ab fragments and F ab phage for the ECD antigen was determined using a competitive receptor binding RIA (Burt, D. R., Receptor Binding in Drug Research . O'Brien, R. A. (Ed.). pp. 3-29, Dekker, New York [1986]).
- the ECD antigen was labeled with 125 -Iodine using the sequential chloramine-T method (De Larco, J. E. et al., J. Cell. Physiol. 109:143-152 [1981]) which produced a radioactive tracer with a specific activity of 14 ⁇ Ci/ ⁇ g and incorporation of 0.47 moles of Iodine per mole of receptor.
- a series of 0.2 ml solutions containing 0.5 ng (by ELISA) of F ab or F ab phage, 50 nCi of 125 I ECD tracer, and a range of unlabeled ECD amounts (6.4 ng to 3277 ng) were prepared and incubated at room temperature overnight.
- the labeled ECD-F ab or ECD-F ab phage complex was separated from the unbound labeled antigen by forming an aggregate complex induced by the addition of an anti-human IgG (Fitzgerald 40-GH23) and 6% PEG 8000.
- the complex was pelleted by centrifugation (15,000 ⁇ g for 20 minutes) and the amount of labeled ECD (in cpm) was determined by a gamma counter.
- the dissociation constant (K d ) was calculated by employing a modified version of the program LIGAND (Munson, P. and Rothbard, D., Anal. Biochem. 107:220-239 [1980]) which utilizes Scatchard analysis (Scatchard, G., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 51:660-672 [1949]).
- the Kd values are shown in FIG. 13 .
- Murine 4D5 antibody was labeled with 125-I to a specific activity of 40-50 ⁇ Ci/ ⁇ g using the Iodogen procedure. Solutions containing a constant amount of labeled antibody and increasing amounts of unlabeled variant Fab were prepared and added to near confluent cultures of SK-BR-3 cells grown in 96-well microtiter dishes (final concentration of labeled antibody was 0.1 nM). After an overnight incubation at 4° C., the supernatant was removed, the cells were washed and the cell associated radioactivity was determined in a gamma counter. K d values were determined by analyzing the data using a modified version of the program LIGAND (Munson, P. and Rothbard, D., supra)
- hGH-phagemid double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) from each of the one-helix variants was isolated and digested with the restriction enzymes EcoRI and BstXI. The large fragment from each helix-4b variant was then isolated and ligated with the small fragment from each helix-1 variant to yield the new two-helix variants shown in Table XIII. All of these variants also contained the mutations E174S/F176Y obtained in earlier hGH-phage binding selections (see Example X for details).
- hGH-phagemid double-stranded DNA from each of the one-helix library pools (selected for 0, 2, or 4 rounds) was isolated and digested with the restriction enzymes AccI and BstXI.
- the large fragment from each helix-1 variant pool was then isolated and ligated with the small fragment from each helix-4b variant pool to yield the three combinatorial libraries pH0707A (unselected helix 1 and helix 4b pools, as described in examples IX and X), pH0707B (twice-selected helix-1 pool with twice-selected helix-4b pool), and pH0707C (4-times selected helix-1 pool with 4-times selected helix-4b pool).
- Duplicate ligations were also set up with less DNA and designated as pH0707D, pH0707E, and pH0707F, corresponding to the 0-, 2-, and 4-round starting libraries respectively. All of these variant pools also contained the mutations E174S/F176Y obtained in earlier hGH-phage binding selections (see Example X for details).
- the ligation products pH0707A-F were processed and electro-transformed into XL1-Blue cells as described (Example VIII). Based on colony-forming units (CFU), the number of transformants obtained from each pool was as follows: 2.4 ⁇ 10 6 from pH0707A, 1.8 ⁇ 10 6 from pH0707B, 1.6 ⁇ 10 6 from pH0707C, 8 ⁇ 10 5 from pH0707D, 3 ⁇ 10 5 from pH0707E, and 4 ⁇ 10 5 from pH0707F.
- hGH-phagemid particles were prepared and selected for hGHbp-binding over 2 to 7 cycles as described in Example VIII.
- the pharmacological properties of a protein may be dependent on binding affinity or on k on or k off , depending on the detailed mechanism of action.
- phagemid particles from the pH0707B pool were incubated with immobilized hGHbp for only 1 minute, then washed six times with 1 mL of binding buffer; the hGH-wash step was omitted; and the remaining hGH-phagemid particles were eluted with a pH2 (0.2M glycine in binding buffer) wash. Enrichment of hGH-phagemid particles over non-displaying particles indicated that even with a short binding period and no cognate-ligand (hGH) challenge, hGH-phagemid binding selection sorts tight-binding variants out of a randomized pool.
- the binding constants for some of these mutants of hGH to hGHbp was determined by expressing the free hormone variants in the non-suppressor E. coli strain 16C9 or 34B8, purifying the protein, and assaying by competitive displacement of labelled wt-hGH from hGHbp (see Example VIII) in a radio-immunoprecipitation assay.
- Table XIII below, all the variants have glutamate 174 replaced by serine 174 and phenylalanine 176 replaced by tyrosine 176 (E174S and F1176Y) plus the additional substitutions as indicated at hGH amino acid positions 10, 14, 18, 21, 167, 171, 175 and 179.
- hGH variants were selected from combinatorial libraries by the phagemid binding selection process. All hGH variants in Table XIV contain two background mutations (E174S/F176Y). hGH-phagemid pools from the libraries pH0707A (Part A), pH0707B and pH0707E (Part B), or pH0707C (Part C) were sorted for 2 to 7 cycles for binding to hGHbp. The number P indicates the fractional occurrence of each variant type among the set of clones sequenced from each pool.
- hGH variants were selected from combinatorial libraries by the phagemid binding selection process. All hGH variants in Table XV contain two background mutations (E174S/F176Y). The number P is the fractional occurrence of a given variant among all clones sequenced after 4 cycles of rapid-binding selection.
- binding constants were measured by competitive displacement of 125 I-labelled hormone H0650BD or labelled hGH using hGHbp (1-238) and either Mab5 or Mab263.
- the variant H0650BD appears bind more than 30-fold tighter than wild-type hGH.
- the plasmid pS0132 contains the gene for hGH fused to the residue Pro198 of the gene III protein with the insertion of an extra glycine residue.
- This plasmid may be used to produce hGH-phage particles in which the hGH-gene III fusion product is displayed monovalently on the phage surface (Example IV).
- the fusion protein comprises the entire hGH protein fused to the carboxy terminal domain of gene III via a flexible linker sequence.
- subtilisin BPN′ a genetically engineered variant of subtilisin BPN′.
- A64SAL subtilisin contains the following mutations: Ser24Cys, His64Ala, Glu156Ser, Gly169Ala and Tyr217Leu. Since this enzyme lacks the essential catalytic residue His64, its substrate specificity is greatly restricted so that certain histidine-containing substrates are preferentially hyrdrolysed (Carter et al., Science 237:394-399 (1987)).
- the sequence of the linker region in pS0132 was mutated to create a substrate sequence for A64SAL subtilisin, using the oligonucleotide 5′-TTC-GGG-CCC-TTC-GCT-GCT-CAC-TAT-ACG-CGT-CAG-TCG-ACT-GAC-CTG-CCT-3′ (SEQ ID NO:27).
- Phagemid particles derived from pS0132 and pS0640 were constructed as described in Example I.
- a 10 ⁇ l aliquot of each phage pool was separately mixed with 30 ⁇ l of oxirane beads (prepared as described in Example II) in 100 ⁇ l of buffer comprising 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.6 and 2.5M NaCl.
- the binding and washing steps were performed as described in example VII.
- the beads were then resuspended in 400 ⁇ l of the same buffer, with or without 50 nM of A64SAL subtilisin. Following incubation for 10 minutes, the supernatants were collected and the phage titres (cfu) measured.
- Table XVII shows that approximately 10 times more substrate-containing phagemid particles (pS0640) were eluted in the presence of enzyme than in the absence of enzyme, or than in the case of the non-substrate phagemids (pS0132) in the presence or absence of enzyme. Increasing the enzyme, phagemid or bead concentrations did not improve this ratio.
- hGH human growth hormone
- a tight-binding variant of hGH was introduced in place of the wild-type hGH gene in pS0132 and pS0640.
- the hGH variant used was as described in example XI (pH0650bd) and contains the mutations Phe10Ala, Met14Trp, His18Asp, His21Asn, Arg167Asn, Asp171Ser, Glu174Ser, Phe176Tyr and Ile179Thr.
- Binding COSTAR 12-well tissue culture plates were coated for 16 hours with 0.5 ml/well 2 ug/ml hGHbp in sodium carbonate buffer pH 10.0. The plates were then incubated with 1 ml/well of blocking buffer (phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.1% w/v bovine serum albumen) for 2 hours and washed in an assay buffer containing 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 1 mM EDTA and 100 mM NaCl. Phagemids were again prepared as described in Example I: the phage pool was diluted 1:4 in the above assay buffer and 0.5 ml of phage incubated per well for 2 hours.
- blocking buffer phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.1% w/v bovine serum albumen
- Table XVII shows that there was a dramatic increase in the ratio of specifically eluted substrate-phagemid particles compared to the method previously described for pS0640 and pS0132. It is likely that this is due to the fact that the tight-binding hGH mutant has a significantly slower off-rate for binding to hGH binding protein compared to wild-type hGH.
- Example XIII We sought to employ the selective enrichment procedure described in Example XIII to identify good substrate sequences from a library of random substrate sequences.
- This new construct was designated pDM0253 (The actual sequence of pDM0253 is 5′-AGC-TGT-GGC-TTC-GGG-CCC-GCC- C CC-GCG-TCG-ACT-GGC-GGT-GGC-TCT-3′ (SEQ ID NO:29), where the underlined base substitution is due to a spurious error in the mutagenic oligonucleotide).
- the tight-binding hGH variant described in example was introduced by exchanging a fragment from pDM0411 (example XIII).
- the resulting library vector was designated pDM0454.
- pDM0454 was digested with ApaI followed by SalI, then precipitated with 13% PEG 8000+10 mM MgCl 2 , washed twice in 70% ethanol and resuspended This efficiently precipitates the vector but leaves the small Apa-Sal fragment in solution (Pai thankar, K. R. and Prasad, K. S. N., Nucleic Acids Research 19:1346).
- the product was run on a 1% agarose gel and the ApaI-SalI digested vector excised, purified using a Bandprep kit (Pharmacia) and resuspended for ligation with the mutagenic cassette.
- the cassette to be inserted contained a DNA sequence similar to that in the linker region of pS0640 and pDM0411, but with the codons for the histidine and tyrosine residues in the substrate sequence replaced by randomised codons.
- the oligonucleotides used in the mutagenic cassettes were: 5′-C-TTC-GCT-GCT-NNS-NNS-ACC-CGG-CAA-3′ (coding strand) (SEQ ID NO:30) and 5′-T-CGA-TTG-CCG-GGT-SNN-SNN-AGC-AGC-GAA-GGG-CC-3′ (non-coding strand) (SEQ ID NO:31).
- This cassette also destroys the SalI site, so that digestion with SalI may be used to reduce the vector background.
- oligonucleotides were not phosphorylated before insertion into the Apa-Sal cassette site, as it was feared that subsequent oligomerisation of a small population of the cassettes may lead to spurious results with multiple cassette inserts.
- the reaction products were phenol:chloroform extracted, ethanol precipitated and resuspended in water. Initially, no digestion with SalI to reduce the background vector was performed. Approximately 200 ng was electroporated into XL-1 blue cells and a phagemid library was prepared as described in example VIII.
- the selection procedure used was identical to that described for pDM0411 and pDM0390 in example XIII. After each round of selection, the eluted phage were propagated by transducing a fresh culture of XL-1 blue cells and propagating a new phagemid library as described for hGH-phage in example VIII. The progress of the selection procedure was monitored by measuring eluted phage titres and by sequencing individual clones after each round of selection.
- Table A shows the successive phage titres for elution in the presence and absence of enzyme after 1, 2 and 3 rounds of selection.
- Tables B1 and B2 shows the sequences of isolates obtained after round 2 and round 3 of selection. After 2 rounds of selection, there is clearly a high incidence of histidine residues. This is exactly what is expected: as described in example XIII, A64SAL subtilisin requires a histidine residue in the substrate as it employs a substrate-assisted catalytic mechanism. After 3 rounds of selection, each of the 10 clones sequenced has a histidine in the randomised cassette. Note, however, that 2 of the sequences are of pDM0411, which was not present in the starting library and is therefore a contaminant.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A method for selecting novel proteins such as growth hormone and antibody fragment variants having altered binding properties for their respective receptor molecules is provided. The method comprises fusing a gene encoding a protein of interest to the carboxy terminal domain of the gene III coat protein of the filamentous phage M13. The gene fusion is mutated to form a library of structurally related fusion proteins that are expressed in low quantity on the surface of a phagemid particle. Biological selection and screening are employed to identify novel ligands useful as drug candidates. Disclosed are preferred phagemid expression vectors and selected human growth hormone variants.
Description
- This application is a continuation application of Ser. No. 11/761,180 filed Jun. 11, 2007, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 11/199,062 filed Aug. 8, 2005, now abandoned; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/717,641 filed Nov. 21, 2000, now abandoned; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/922,345 filed Sep. 3, 1997, now abandoned; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/463,587 filed Jun. 5, 1995, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,821,047; which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/050,058 filed Apr. 30, 1993, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,750,373; which is a 371 of International Application No. PCT/US91/09133 filed Dec. 3, 1991, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/743,614 filed Aug. 9, 1991, now abandoned; which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/715,300 filed Jun. 14, 1991, now abandoned; which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/683,400 filed Apr. 10, 1991, now abandoned; which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/621,667 filed Dec. 3, 1990, now abandoned. The contents of these applications are incorporated herein by reference.
- This invention relates to the preparation and systematic selection of novel binding proteins having altered binding properties for a target molecule. Specifically, this invention relates to methods for producing foreign polypeptides mimicking the binding activity of naturally occurring binding partners. In preferred embodiments, the invention is directed to the preparation of therapeutic or diagnostic compounds that mimic proteins or nonpeptidyl molecules such a hormones, drugs and other small molecules, particularly biologically active molecules such as growth hormone.
- Binding partners are substances that specifically bind to one another, usually through noncovalent interactions. Examples of binding partners include ligand-receptor, antibody-antigen, drug-target, and enzyme-substrate interactions. Binding partners are extremely useful in both therapeutic and diagnostic fields.
- Binding partners have been produced in the past by a variety of methods including; harvesting them from nature (e.g., antibody-antigen, and ligand-receptor pairings) and by adventitious identification (e.g. traditional drug development employing random screening of candidate molecules). In some instances these two approaches have been combined. For example, variants of proteins or polypeptides, such as polypeptide fragments, have been made that contain key functional residues that participate in binding. These polypeptide fragments, in turn, have been derivatized by methods akin to traditional drug development. An example of such derivitization would include strategies such as cyclization to conformationally constrain a polypeptide fragment to produce a novel candidate binding partner.
- The problem with prior art methods is that naturally occurring ligands may not have proper characteristics for all therapeutic applications. Additionally, polypeptide ligands may not even be available for some target substances. Furthermore, methods for making non-naturally occurring synthetic binding partners are often expensive and difficult, usually requiring complex synthetic methods to produce each candidate. The inability to characterize the structure of the resulting candidate so that rational drug design methods can be applied for further optimization of candidate molecules further hampers these methods.
- In an attempt to overcome these problems, Geysen (Geysen, Immun. Today, 6:364-369 [1985]); and (Geysen et al., Mol. Immun., 23:709-715 [1986]) has proposed the use of polypeptide synthesis to provide a framework for systematic iterative binding partner identification and preparation. According to Geysen et al., Ibid, short polypeptides, such as dipeptides, are first screened for the ability to bind to a target molecule. The most active dipeptides are then selected for an additional round of testing comprising linking, to the starting dipeptide, an additional residue (or by internally modifying the components of the original starting dipeptide) and then screening this set of candidates for the desired activity. This process is reiterated until the binding partner having the desired properties is identified.
- The Geysen et al. method suffers from the disadvantage that the chemistry upon which it is based, peptide synthesis, produces molecules with ill-defined or variable secondary and tertiary structure. As rounds of iterative selection progress, random interactions accelerate among the various substituent groups of the polypeptide so that a true random population of interactive molecules having reproducible higher order structure becomes less and less attainable. For example, interactions between side chains of amino acids, which are sequentially widely separated but which are spatially neighbors, freely occur. Furthermore, sequences that do not facilitate conformationally stable secondary structures provide complex peptide-sidechain interactions which may prevent sidechain interactions of a given amino acid with the target molecule. Such complex interactions are facilitated by the flexibility of the polyamide backbone of the polypeptide candidates. Additionally, candidates may exist in numerous conformations making it difficult to identify the conformer that interacts or binds to the target with greatest affinity or specificity complicating rational drug design.
- A final problem with the iterative polypeptide method of Geysen is that, at present, there are no practical methods with which a great diversity of different peptides can be produced, screened and analyzed. By using the twenty naturally occurring amino acids, the total number of all combinations of hexapeptides that must be synthesized is 64,000,000. Even having prepared such a diversity of peptides, there are no methods available with which mixtures of such a diversity of peptides can be rapidly screened to select those peptides having a high affinity for the target molecule. At present, each “adherent” peptide must be recovered in amounts large enough to carry out protein sequencing.
- To overcome many of the problems inherent in the Geysen approach, biological selection and screening was chosen as an alternative. Biological selections and screens are powerful tools to probe protein function and to isolate variant proteins with desirable properties (Shortle, Protein Engineering, Oxender and Fox, eds., A.R. Liss, Inc., NY, pp. 103-108 [1988]) and Bowie et al., Science, 247:1306-1310 [1990)]. However, a given selection or screen is applicable to only one or a small number of related proteins.
- Recently, Smith and coworkers (Smith, Science, 228: 1315-1317 [1985]) and Parmley and Smith, Gene, 73:305-318 [1985] have demonstrated that small protein fragments (10-50 amino acids) can be “displayed” efficiently on the surface of filamentous phage by inserting short gene fragments into gene III of the fd phage (“fusion phage”). The gene III minor coat protein (present in about 5 copies at one end of the virion) is important for proper phage assembly and for infection by attachment to the pili of E. coli (see Rasched et al., Microbiol. Rev., 50: 401-427 [1986]). Recently, “fusion phage” have been shown to be useful for displaying short mutated peptide sequences for identifying peptides that may react with antibodies (Scott et al., Science 249: 386-390, [1990]) and Cwirla et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. U.S.A 87: 6378-6382, [1990]). or a foreign protein (Devlin et al., Science, 249: 404-406 [1990]).
- There are, however, several important limitations in using such “fusion phage” to identify altered peptides or proteins with new or enhanced binding properties. First, it has been shown (Parmley et al., Gene, 73: 305-318, [1988]) that fusion phage are useful only for displaying proteins of less than 100 and preferably less than 50 amino acid residues, because large inserts presumably disrupt the function of gene III and therefore phage assembly and infectivity. Second, prior art methods have been unable to select peptides from a library having the highest binding affinity for a target molecule. For example, after exhaustive panning of a random peptide library with an anti-β endorphin monoclonal antibody, Cwirla and co-workers could not separate moderate affinity peptides (Kd˜10 μM) from higher affinity peptides (Kd˜0.4 μM) fused to phage. Moreover, the parent β-endorphin peptide sequence which has very high affinity (Kd˜7 nM), was not panned from the epitope library.
- Ladner WO 90/02802 discloses a method for selecting novel binding proteins displayed on the outer surface of cells and viral particles where it is contemplated that the heterologous proteins may have up to 164 amino acid residues. The method contemplates isolating and amplifying the displayed proteins to engineer a new family of binding proteins having desired affinity for a target molecule. More specifically, Ladner discloses a “fusion phage” displaying proteins having “initial protein binding domains” ranging from 46 residues (crambin) to 164 residues (T4 lysozyme) fused to the M13 gene III coat protein. Ladner teaches the use of proteins “no larger than necessary” because it is easier to arrange restriction sites in smaller amino acid sequences and prefers the 58 amino acid residue bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI). Small fusion proteins, such as BPTI, are preferred when the target is a protein or macromolecule, while larger fusion proteins, such as T4 lysozyme, are preferred for small target molecules such as steroids because such large proteins have clefts and grooves into which small molecules can fit. The preferred protein, BPTI, is proposed to be fused to gene III at the site disclosed by Smith et al. or de la Cruz et al., J. Biol. Chem., 263: 4318-4322 [1988], or to one of the terminii, along with a second synthetic copy of gene III so that “some” unaltered gene III protein will be present. Ladner does not address the problem of successfully panning high affinity peptides from the random peptide library which plagues the biological selection and screening methods of the prior art.
- Human growth hormone (hGH) participates in much of the regulation of normal human growth and development. This 22,000 dalton pituitary hormone exhibits a multitude of biological effects including linear growth (somatogenesis), lactation, activation of macrophages, insulin-like and diabetogenic effects among others (Chawla, R, K. (1983) Ann. Rev. Med. 34, 519; Edwards, C. K. et al. (1988) Science 239, 769; Thorner, M. O., et al. (1988) J. Clin. Invest. 81 745). Growth hormone deficiency in children leads to dwarfism which has been successfully treated for more than a decade by exogenous administration of hGH. hGH is a member of a family of homologous hormones that include placental lactogens, prolactins, and other genetic and species variants or growth hormone (Nicoll, C. S., et al., (1986) Endocrine Reviews 7, 169). hGH is unusual among these in that it exhibits broad species specificity and binds to either the cloned somatogenic (Leung, D. W., et al., [I987]
Nature 330, 537) or prolactin receptor (Boutin, J. M., et al., [I988] Ce; 53, 69). The cloned gene for hGH has been expressed in a secreted form in Escherichia coli (Chang, C. N., et al., [I987]Gene 55, I89) and its DNA and amino acid sequence has been reported (Goeddel, et al., [I979] Nature 281, 544; Gray, et al., [I985] Gene 39, 247). The three-dimensional structure of hGH is not available. However, the three-dimensional folding pattern for porcine growth hormone (pGH) has been reported at moderate resolution and refinement (Abdel-Meguid, S. S., et al., [I987] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 6434). Human growth hormone's receptor and antibody epitopes have been identified by homolog-scanning mutagenesis (Cunningham et al., Science 243: 1330, 1989). The structure of novel amino terminal methionyl bovine growth hormone containing a spliced-in sequence of human growthhormone including histidine 18 and histidine 21 has been shown (U.S. Pat. No. 4,880,910) - Human growth hormone (hGH) causes a variety of physiological and metabolic effects in various animal models including linear bone growth, lactation, activation of macrophages, insulin-like and diabetogenic effects and others (R. K. Chawla et al., Annu. Rev. Med. 34, 519 (1983); O. G. P. Isaksson et al., Annu. Rev. Physiol. 47, 483 (1985); C. K. Edwards et al., Science 239, 769 (1988); M. O. Thorner and M. L. Vance, J. Clin. Invest 82, 745 (1988); J. P. Hughes and H. G. Friesen, Ann. Rev. Physiol. 47, 469 (1985)). These biological effects derive from the interaction between hGH and specific cellular receptors.
- Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a rapid and effective method for the systematic preparation of candidate binding substances.
- It is another object of this invention to prepare candidate binding substances displayed on surface of a phagemid particle that are conformationally stable.
- It is another object of this invention to prepare candidate binding substances comprising fusion proteins of a phage coat protein and a heterologous polypeptide where the polypeptide is greater than 100 amino acids in length and may be more than one subunit and is displayed on a phagemid particle where the polypeptide is encoded by the phagemid genome.
- It is a further object of this invention to provide a method for the preparation and selection of binding substances that is sufficiently versatile to present, or display, all peptidyl moieties that could potentially participate in a noncovalent binding interaction, and to present these moieties in a fashion that is sterically confined.
- Still another object of the invention is the production of growth hormone variants that exhibit stronger affinity for growth hormone receptor and binding protein.
- It is yet another object of this invention to produce expression vector phagemids that contain a suppressible termination codon functionally located between the heterologous polypeptide and the phage coat protein such that detectable fusion protein is produced in a host suppressor cell and only the heterologous polypeptide is produced in a non-suppressor host cell.
- Finally, it is an object of this invention to produce a phagemid particle that rarely displays more than one copy of candidate binding proteins on the outer surface of the phagemid particle so that efficient selection of high affinity binding proteins can be achieved.
- These and other objects of this invention will be apparent from consideration of the invention as a whole.
- These objectives have been achieved by providing a method for selecting novel binding polypeptides comprising: (a) constructing a replicable expression vector comprising a first gene encoding a polypeptide, a second gene encoding at least a portion of a natural or wild-type phage coat protein wherein the first and second genes are heterologous, and a transcription regulatory element operably linked to the first and second genes, thereby forming a gene fusion encoding a fusion protein; (b) mutating the vector at one or more selected positions within the first gene thereby forming a family of related plasmids; (c) transforming suitable host cells with the plasmids; (d) infecting the transformed host cells with a helper phage having a gene encoding the phage coat protein; (e) culturing the transformed infected host cells under conditions suitable for forming recombinant phagemid particles containing at least a portion of the plasmid and capable of transforming the host, the conditions adjusted so that no more than a minor amount of phagemid particles display more than one copy of the fusion protein on the surface of the particle; (f) contacting the phagemid particles with a target molecule so that at least a portion of the phagemid particles bind to the target molecule; and (g) separating the phagemid particles that bind from those that do not. Preferably, the method further comprises transforming suitable host cells with recombinant phagemid particles that bind to the target molecule and repeating steps (d) through (g) one or more times.
- Additionally, the method for selecting novel binding proteins where the proteins are composed of more than one subunit is achieved by selecting novel binding peptides comprising constructing a replicable expression vector comprising a transcription regulatory element operably linked to DNA encoding a protein of interest containing one or more subunits, wherein the DNA encoding at least one of the subunits is fused to the DNA encoding at least a portion of a phage coat protein; mutating the DNA encoding the protein of interest at one or more selected positions thereby forming a family of related vectors; transforming suitable host cells with the vectors; infecting the transformed host cells with a helper phage having a gene encoding the phage coat protein; culturing the transformed infected host cells under conditions suitable for forming recombinant phagemid particles containing at least a portion of the plasmid and capable of transforming the host, the conditions adjusted so that no more than a minor amount of phagemid particles display more than one copy of the fusion protein on the surface of the particle; contacting the phagemid particles with a target molecule so that at least a portion of the phagemid particles bind to the target molecule; and separating the phagemid particles that bind from those that do not.
- Preferably in the method of this invention the plasmid is under tight control of the transcription regulatory element, and the culturing conditions are adjusted so that the amount or number of phagemid particles displaying more than one copy of the fusion protein on the surface of the particle is less than about 1%. Also preferably, amount of phagemid particles displaying more than one copy of the fusion protein is less than 10% the amount of phagemid particles displaying a single copy of the fusion protein. Most preferably the amount is less than 20%.
- Typically, in the method of this invention, the expression vector will further contain a secretory signal sequences fused to the DNA encoding each subunit of the polypeptide, and the transcription regulatory element will be a promoter system. Preferred promoter systems are selected from; Lac Z, λPL, TAC, T 7 polymerase, tryptophan, and alkaline phosphatase promoters and combinations thereof.
- Also typically, the first gene will encode a mammalian protein, preferably the protein will be selected from; human growth hormone (hGH), N-methionyl human growth hormone, bovine growth hormone, parathyroid hormone, thyroxine, insulin A-chain, insulin B-chain, proinsulin, relaxin A-chain, relaxin B-chain, prorelaxin, glycoprotein hormones such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and leutinizing hormone (LH), glycoprotein hormone receptors, calcitonin, glucagon, factor VIII, an antibody, lung surfactant, urokinase, streptokinase, human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), bombesin, factor IX, thrombin, hemopoietic growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta, enkephalinase, human serum albumin, mullerian-inhibiting substance, mouse gonadotropin-associated peptide, a microbial protein, such as betalactamase, tissue factor protein, inhibin, activin, vascular endothelial growth factor, receptors for hormones or growth factors; integrin, thrombopoietin, protein A or D, rheumatoid factors, nerve growth factors such as NGF-β platelet-growth factor, transforming growth factors (TGF) such as TGF-alpha and TGF-beta, insulin-like growth factor-I and -II, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, CD-4, DNase, latency associated peptide, erythropoietin, osteoinductive factors, interferons such as interferon-alpha, -beta, and -gamma, colony stimulating factors (CSFs) such as M-CSF, GM-CSF, and G-CSF, interleukins (ILs) such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, superoxide dismutase; decay accelerating factor, viral antigen, HIV envelope proteins such as GP120, GP140, atrial natriuretic peptides A, B or C, immunoglobulins, and fragments of any of the above-listed proteins.
- Preferably the first gene will encode a polypeptide of one or more subunits containing more than about 100 amino acid residues and will be folded to form a plurality of rigid secondary structures displaying a plurality of amino acids capable of interacting with the target. Preferably the first gene will be mutated at codons corresponding to only the amino acids capable of interacting with the target so that the integrity of the rigid secondary structures will be preserved.
- Normally, the method of this invention will employ a helper phage selected from; 13
KO 7, M13R408, M13-VCS, andPhi X 174. The preferred helper phage is M13KO7, and the preferred coat protein is the M13 Phage gene III coat protein. The preferred host is E. coli, and protease deficient strains of E. coli. Novel hGH variants selected by the method of the present invention have been detected. Phagemid expression vectors were constructed that contain a suppressible termination codon functionally located between the nucleic acids encoding the polypeptide and the phage coat protein. -
FIG. 1 . Strategy for displaying large proteins on the surface of filamentous phage and enriching for altered receptor binding properties. A plasmid, phGH-M13gIII was constructed that fuses the entire coding sequence of hGH to the carboxyl terminal domain of M13 gene III. Transcription of the fusion protein is under control of the lac promoter/operator sequence, and secretion is directed by the stII signal sequence. Phagemid particles are produced by infection with the “helper” phage, M13KO7, and particles displaying hGH can be enriched by binding to an affinity matrix containing the hGH receptor. The wild-type gene III (derived from the M13KO7 phage) is diagramed by 4-5 copies of the multiple arrows on the tip of the phage, and the fusion protein (derived from the phagemid, phGH-M13gIII) is indicated schematically by the folding diagram of hGH replacing the arrow head. -
FIG. 2 . Immunoblot of whole phage particles shows that hGH comigrates with phage. Phagemid particles purified in a cesium chloride gradient were loaded into duplicate wells and electrophoresed through a 1% agarose gel in 375 mM Tris, 40 mM glycine pH 9.6 buffer. The gel was soaked in transfer buffer (25 mM Tris, pH 8.3, 200 mM glycine, 20% methanol) containing 2% SDS and 2% β-mercaptoethanol for 2 hours, then rinsed in transfer buffer for 6 hours. The proteins in the gel were then electroblotted onto immobilon membranes (Millipore). The membrane containing one set of samples was stained with Coomassie blue to show the position of the phage proteins (A). The duplicate membrane was immuno-stained for hGH by reacting the membrane with polyclonal rabbit anti-hGH antibodies followed by reaction with horseradish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibodies (B).Lane 1 contains the M13KO7 parent phage and is visible only in the Coomassie blue stained membrane, since it lacks hGH.Lanes -
FIG. 3 . Summary diagram of steps in the selection process for an hGH-phage library randomized atcodons Library 1. An aliquot (approximately 2%) fromLibrary 1 was used directly in an initial selection round as described in the text to yieldLibrary 1G. Meanwhile, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was prepared from Library I, digested with restriction enzyme KpnI to eliminate template background, and electrotransformed into WJM101 to yieldLibrary 2. Subsequent rounds of selection (or KpnI digestion, shaded boxes) followed by phagemid propagation were carried out as indicated by the arrows, according to the procedure described in the text. Four independent clones fromLibrary 4G4 and four independent clones fromLibrary 5G6 were sequenced by dideoxy sequencing. All of these clones had the identical DNA sequence, corresponding to the hGH mutant (Glu 174 Ser,Phe 176 Tyr). -
FIG. 4 . Structural model of hGH derived from a 2.8 Å folding diagram of porcine growth hormone determined crystallographically. Location of residues in hGH that strongly modulate its binding to the hGH-binding protein are within the shaded circle. Alanine substitutions that cause a greater than tenfold reduction (), a four- to tenfold reduction (), or increase (◯), or a two- to fourfold reduction (), in binding affinity are indicated. Helical wheel projections in the regions of α-helix reveal their amphipathic quality. Blackened, shaded, or nonshaded residues are charged, polar, or nonpolar, respectively. In helix-4 the most important residues for mutation are on the hydrophilic face. -
FIG. 5 . Amino acid substitutions atpositions rounds positions position 176; and S, T, A, and other residues occur atposition 174. -
FIG. 6 . Sequences from phage selected on hPRLbp-beads in the presence of zinc. The notation is as described inFIG. 5 . Here, the convergence of sequences is not predictable, but there appears to be a bias towards hydrophobic sequences under the most stringent (Glycine) selection conditions; L, W and P residues are frequently found in this pool. -
FIG. 7 . Sequences from phage selected on hPRLbp-beads in the absence of zinc. The notation is as described inFIG. 5 . In contrast to the sequences ofFIG. 6 , these sequences appear more hydrophilic. After 4 rounds of selection using hGH elution, two clones (ANHQ (SEQ ID NO:45), and TLDT/171V (SEQ ID NO:108)) dominate the pool. -
FIG. 8 . Sequences from phage selected on blank beads. The notation is as described inFIG. 5 . After three rounds of selection with glycine elution, no siblings were observed and a background level of non-functional sequences remained. -
FIG. 9 . Construction of phagemid fl ori from pHO415. This vector for cassette mutagenesis and expression of the hGH-gene III fusion protein was constructed as follows. Plasmid pS0643 was constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of pS0132, which contains pBR322 and f1 origins of replication and expresses an hGH-gene III fusion protein (hGH residues 1-191, followed by a single Gly residue, fused to Pro-198 of gene III) under the control of the E. coli phoA promoter. Mutagenesis was carried out with theoligonucleotide 5′-GGC-AGC-TGT-GGC-TTC-TAG-AGT-GGC-GGC-GGC-TCT-GGT-3′ (SEQ ID NO:1), which introduced a XbaI site (underlined) and an amber stop codon (TAG) following Phe-191 of hGH. -
FIG. 10 . A. Diagram of plasmid pDH188 insert containing the DNA encoding the light chain and heavy chain (variable and constant domain 1) of the Fab humanized antibody directed to the HER-2 receptor. VL and VH are the variable regions for the light and heavy chains, respectively. Ck is the constant region of the human kappa light chain. CH1G1 is the first constant region of thehuman gamma 1 chain. Both coding regions start with the bacterial st II signal sequence. B. A schematic diagram of the entire plasma pDH188 containing the insert described in 5A. After transformation of the plasmid into E. coli SR101 cells and the addition of helper phage, the plasmid is packaged into phage particles. Some of these particles display the Fab-p III fusion (where p III is the protein encoded by the M13 gene III DNA). The segments in the plasmid figure correspond to the insert shown in 5A. -
FIG. 11 . A through C are collectively referred to here asFIG. 11 . The nucleotide (Seq. ID No: 24) sequence of the DNA encoding the 4D5 Fab molecule expressed on the phagemid surface. The amino acid sequence of the light chain is also shown (Seq. ID No: 25), as is the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain p III fusion (Seq. ID No:26). -
FIG. 12 . Enrichment of wild-type 4D5 Fab phagemid from variant Fab phagemid. Mixtures of wild-type phagemid and variant 4D5 Fab phagemid in a ratio of 1:1,000 were selected on plates coated with the extra-cellular domain protein of the HER-2 receptor. After each round of selection, a portion of the eluted phagemid were infected into E. coli and plasmid DNA was prepared. This plasmid DNA was then digested with Eco RV and Pst I, separated on a 5% polyacrylamide gel, and stained with ethidium bromide. The bands were visualized under UV light. The bands due to the wild-type and variant plasmids are marked with arrows. The first round of selection was eluted only under acid conditions; subsequent rounds were eluted with either an acid elution (left side of Figure) or with a humanized 4D5 antibody wash step prior to acid elution (right side of Figure) using methods described in Example VIII. Three variant 4D5 Fab molecules were made: H91A (amino acid histidine at position 91 on the VL chain mutated to alanine; indicated as ‘A’ lanes in Figure), Y49A (amino acid tyrosine at position 49 on the VL chain mutated to alanine; indicated as ‘B’ lanes in the Figure), and Y92A (amino acid tyrosine at position 92 on the VL chain mutated to alanine; indicated as ‘C’ lanes in the Figure). Amino acid position numbering is according to Kabat et al., (Sequences of proteins of immunological interest, 4th ed., U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Nat'l. Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md. [1987]). -
FIG. 13 . The Scatchard analysis of the RIA affinity determination described in Experimental Protocols is shown here. The amount of labeled ECD antigen that is bound is shown on the x-axis while the amount that is bound divided by the amount that is free is shown on the y-axis. The slope of the line indicates the Ka; the calculated Kd is 1/Ka. - The following discussion will be best understood by referring to
FIG. 1 . In its simplest form, the method of the instant invention comprises a method for selecting novel binding polypeptides, such as protein ligands, having a desired, usually high, affinity for a target molecule from a library of structurally related binding polypeptides. The library of structurally related polypeptides, fused to a phage coat protein, is produced by mutagenesis and, preferably, a single copy of each related polypeptide is displayed on the surface of a phagemid particle containing DNA encoding that polypeptide. These phagemid particles are then contacted with a target molecule and those particles having the highest affinity for the target are separated from those of lower affinity. The high affinity binders are then amplified by infection of a bacterial host and the competitive binding step is repeated. This process is reiterated until polypeptides of the desired affinity are obtained. - The novel binding polypeptides or ligands produced by the method of this invention are useful per se as diagnostics or therapeutics (eg. agonists or antagonists) used in treatment of biological organisms. Structural analysis of the selected polypeptides may also be used to facilitate rational drug design.
- By “binding polypeptide” as used herein is meant any polypeptide that binds with a selectable affinity to a target molecule. Preferably the polypeptide will be a protein that most preferably contains more than about 100 amino acid residues. Typically the polypeptide will be a hormone or an antibody or a fragment thereof.
- By “high affinity” as used herein is meant an affinity constant (Kd) of <10−5 M and preferably <10−7M under physiological conditions.
- By “target molecule” as used herein is meant any molecule, not necessarily a protein, for which it is desirable to produce a ligand. Preferably, however, the target will be a protein and most preferably the target will be a receptor, such as a hormone receptor.
- By “humanized antibody” as used herein is meant an antibody in which the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of a mouse or other non-human antibody are grafted onto a human antibody framework. By human antibody framework is meant the entire human antibody excluding the CDRs.
- The first step in the method of this invention is to choose a polypeptide having rigid secondary structure exposed to the surface of the polypeptide for display on the surface of a phage.
- By “polypeptide” as used herein is meant any molecule whose expression can be directed by a specific DNA sequence. The polypeptides of this invention may comprise more than one subunit, where each subunit is encoded by a separate DNA sequence.
- By “rigid secondary structure” as used herein is meant any polypeptide segment exhibiting a regular repeated structure such as is found in; α-helices, 310 helices, π-helices, parallel and antiparallel β-sheets, and reverse turns. Certain “non-ordered” structures that lack recognizable geometric order are also included in the definition of rigid secondary structure provided they form a domain or “patch” of amino acid residues capable of interaction with a target and that the overall shape of the structure is not destroyed by replacement of an amino acid within the structure. It is believed that some non-ordered structures are combinations of reverse turns. The geometry of these rigid secondary structures is well defined by φ and ψ torsional angles about the α-carbons of the peptide “backbone”.
- The requirement that the secondary structure be exposed to the surface of the polypeptide is to provide a domain or “patch” of amino acid residues that can be exposed to and bind with a target molecule. It is primarily these amino acid residues that are replaced by mutagenesis that form the “library” of structurally related (mutant) binding polypeptides that are displayed on the surface of the phage and from which novel polypeptide ligands are selected. Mutagenesis or replacement of amino acid residues directed toward the interior of the polypeptide is generally avoided so that the overall structure of the rigid secondary structure is preserved. Some replacement of amino acids on the interior region of the rigid secondary structures, especially with hydrophobic amino acid residues, may be tolerated since these conservative substitutions are unlikely to distort the overall structure of the polypeptide.
- Repeated cycles of “polypeptide” selection are used to select for higher and higher affinity binding by the phagemid selection of multiple amino acid changes which are selected by multiple selection cycles. Following a first round of phagemid selection, involving a first region or selection of amino acids in the ligand polypeptide, additional rounds of phagemid selection in other regions or amino acids of the ligand polypeptide are conducted. The cycles of phagemid selection are repeated until the desired affinity properties of the ligand polypeptide are achieved. To illustrate this process, Example VIII phagemid selection of hGH was conducted in cycles. In the first cycle
hGH amino acids hGH amino acids hGH amino acids amino acids - From the forgoing it will be appreciated that the amino acid residues that form the binding domain of the polypeptide will not be sequentially linked and may reside on different subunits of the polypeptide. That is, the binding domain tracks with the particular secondary structure at the binding site and not the primary structure. Thus, generally, mutations will be introduced into codons encoding amino acids within a particular secondary structure at sites directed away from the interior of the polypeptide so that they will have the potential to interact with the target. By way of illustration,
FIG. 2 shows the location of residues in hGH that are known to strongly modulate its binding to the hGH-binding protein (Cunningham et al., Science 247:1461-1465 [1990]). Thus representative sites suitable for mutagenesis would includeresidues - There is no requirement that the polypeptide chosen as a ligand to a target normally bind to that target. Thus, for example, a glycoprotein hormone such as TSH can be chosen as a ligand for the FSH receptor and a library of mutant TSH molecules are employed in the method of this invention to produce novel drug candidates.
- This invention thus contemplates any polypeptide that binds to a target molecule, and includes antibodies. Preferred polypeptides are those that have pharmaceutical utility. More preferred polypeptides include; a growth hormone, including human growth hormone, des-N-methionyl human growth hormone, and bovine growth hormone; parathyroid hormone; thyroid stimulating hormone; thyroxine; insulin A-chain; insulin B-chain; proinsulin; follicle stimulating hormone; calcitonin; leutinizing hormone; glucagon; factor VIII; an antibody; lung surfactant; a plasminogen activator, such as urokinase or human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA); bombesin; factor IX, thrombin; hemopoietic growth factor; tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta; enkephalinase; a serum albumin such as human serum albumin; mullerian-inhibiting substance; relaxin A-chain; relaxin B-chain; prorelaxin; mouse gonadotropin-associated peptide; a microbial protein, such as betalactamase; tissue factor protein; inhibin; activin; vascular endothelial growth factor; receptors for hormones or growth factors; integrin; thrombopoietin; protein A or D; rheumatoid factors; nerve growth factor such as NGF-β; platelet-derived growth factor; fibroblast growth factor such as aFGF and bFGF; epidermal growth factor; transforming growth factor (TGF) such as TGF-alpha and TGF-beta; insulin-like growth factor-I and -II; insulin-like growth factor binding proteins; CD-4; DNase; latency associated peptide; erythropoietin; osteoinductive factors; an interferon such as interferon-alpha, -beta, and -gamma; colony stimulating factors (CSFs), e.g., M-CSF, GM-CSF, and G-CSF; interleukins (ILs), e.g., IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, etc.; superoxide dismutase; decay accelerating factor; atrial natriuretic peptides A, B or C; viral antigen such as, for example, a portion of the HIV envelope; immunoglobulins; and fragments of any of the above-listed polypeptides. In addition, one or more predetermined amino acid residues on the polypeptide may be substituted, inserted, or deleted, for example, to produce products with improved biological properties. Further, fragments of these polypeptides, especially biologically active fragments, are included. Yet more preferred polypeptides of this invention are human growth hormone and atrial naturetic peptides A, B, and C, endotoxin, subtilisin, trypsin and other serine proteases.
- Still more preferred are polypeptide hormones that can be defined as any amino acid sequence produced in a first cell that binds specifically to a receptor on the same cell type (autocrine hormones) or a second cell type (non-autocrine) and causes a physiological response characteristic of the receptor-bearing cell. Among such polypeptide hormones are cytokines, lymphokines, neurotrophic hormones and adenohypophyseal polypeptide hormones such as growth hormone, prolactin, placental lactogen, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, thyrotropin, chorionic gonadotropin, corticotropin, or β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, β-lipotropin gamma-lipotropin and the endorphins; hypothalmic release-inhibiting hormones such as corticotropin-release factor, growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone, growth hormone-release factor; and other polypeptide hormones such as atrial natriuretic peptides A, B or C.
- The gene encoding the desired polypeptide (i.e., a polypeptide with a rigid secondary structure) can be obtained by methods known in the art (see generally, Sambrook et al., Molecular Biology: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. [1989]). If the sequence of the gene is known, the DNA encoding the gene may be chemically synthesized (Merrfield, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 85:2149 [1963]). If the sequence of the gene is not known, or if the gene has not previously been isolated, it may be cloned from a cDNA library (made from RNA obtained from a suitable tissue in which the desired gene is expressed) or from a suitable genomic DNA library. The gene is then isolated using an appropriate probe. For cDNA libraries, suitable probes include monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies (provided that the cDNA library is an expression library), oligonucleotides, and complementary or homologous cDNAs or fragments thereof. The probes that may be used to isolate the gene of interest from genomic DNA libraries include cDNAs or fragments thereof that encode the same or a similar gene, homologous genomic DNAs or DNA fragments, and oligonucleotides. Screening the cDNA or genomic library with the selected probe is conducted using standard procedures as described in chapters 10-12 of Sambrook et al., supra.
- An alternative means to isolating the gene encoding the protein of interest is to use polymerase chain reaction methodology (PCR) as described in
section 14 of Sambrook et al., supra. This method requires the use of oligonucleotides that will hybridize to the gene of interest; thus, at least some of the DNA sequence for this gene must be known in order to generate the oligonucleotides. - After the gene has been isolated, it may be inserted into a suitable vector (preferably a plasmid) for amplification, as described generally in Sambrook et al., supra.
- While several types of vectors are available and may be used to practice this invention, plasmid vectors are the preferred vectors for use herein, as they may be constructed with relative ease, and can be readily amplified. Plasmid vectors generally contain a variety of components including promoters, signal sequences, phenotypic selection genes, origin of replication sites, and other necessary components as are known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- Promoters most commonly used in prokaryotic vectors include the lac Z promoter system, the alkaline phosphatase pho A promoter, the bacteriophage λPL promoter (a temperature sensitive promoter), the tac promoter (a hybrid trp-lac promoter that is regulated by the lac repressor), the tryptophan promoter, and the bacteriophage T7 promoter. For general descriptions of promoters, see
section 17 of Sambrook et al. supra. While these are the most commonly used promoters, other suitable microbial promoters may be used as well. - Preferred promoters for practicing this invention are those that can be tightly regulated such that expression of the fusion gene can be controlled. It is believed that the problem that went unrecognized in the prior art was that display of multiple copies of the fusion protein on the surface of the phagemid particle lead to multipoint attachment of the phagemid with the target. It is believed this effect, referred to as the “chelate effect”, results in selection of false “high affinity” polypeptides when multiple copies of the fusion protein are displayed on the phagemid particle in close proximity to one another so that the target was “chelated”. When multipoint attachment occurs, the effective or apparent Kd may be as high as the product of the individual Kds for each copy of the displayed fusion protein. This effect may be the reason Cwirla and coworkers supra were unable to separate moderate affinity peptides from higher affinity peptides.
- It has been discovered that by tightly regulating expression of the fusion protein so that no more than a minor amount, i.e. fewer than about 1%, of the phagemid particles contain multiple copies of the fusion protein the “chelate effect” is overcome allowing proper selection of high affinity polypeptides. Thus, depending on the promoter, culturing conditions of the host are adjusted to maximize the number of phagemid particles containing a single copy of the fusion protein and minimize the number of phagemid particles containing multiple copies of the fusion protein.
- Preferred promoters used to practice this invention are the lac Z promoter and the pho A promoter. The lac Z promoter is regulated by the lac repressor protein lac i, and thus transcription of the fusion gene can be controlled by manipulation of the level of the lac repressor protein. By way of illustration, the phagemid containing the lac Z promoter is grown in a cell strain that contains a copy of the lac i repressor gene, a repressor for the lac Z promoter. Exemplary cell strains containing the lac i gene include JM 101 and XL1-blue. In the alternative, the host cell can be cotransfected with a plasmid containing both the repressor lac i and the lac Z promoter. Occasionally both of the above techniques are used simultaneously, that is, phagemid particles containing the lac Z promoter are grown in cell strains containing the lac i gene and the cell strains are cotransfected with a plasmid containing both the lac Z and lac i genes. Normally when one wishes to express a gene, to the transfected host above one would add an inducer such as isopropylthiogalactoside (IPTG). In the present invention however, this step is omitted to (a) minimize the expression of the gene III fusion protein thereby minimizing the copy number (i.e. the number of gene III fusions per phagemid number) and to (b) prevent poor or improper packaging of the phagemid caused by inducers such as IPTG even at low concentrations. Typically, when no inducer is added, the number of fusion proteins per phagemid particle is about 0.1 (number of bulk fusion proteins/number of phagemid particles). The most preferred promoter used to practice this invention is pho A. This promoter is believed to be regulated by the level of inorganic phosphate in the cell where the phosphate acts to down-regulate the activity of the promoter. Thus, by depleting cells of phosphate, the activity of the promoter can be increased. The desired result is achieved by growing cells in a phosphate enriched medium such as 2YT or LB thereby controlling the expression of the gene III fusion.
- One other useful component of vectors used to practice this invention is a signal sequence. This sequence is typically located immediately 5′ to the gene encoding the fusion protein, and will thus be transcribed at the amino terminus of the fusion protein. However, in certain cases, the signal sequence has been demonstrated to be located at positions other 5′ to the gene encoding the protein to be secreted. This sequence targets the protein to which it is attached across the inner membrane of the bacterial cell. The DNA encoding the signal sequence may be obtained as a restriction endonuclease fragment from any gene encoding a protein that has a signal sequence. Suitable prokaryotic signal sequences may be obtained from genes encoding, for example, LamB or OmpF (Wong et al., Gene, 68:193 [1983]), MalE, PhoA and other genes. A preferred prokaryotic signal sequence for practicing this invention is the E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin II (STII) signal sequence as described by Chang et al., Gene, 55: 189 [1987].
- Another useful component of the vectors used to practice this invention is phenotypic selection genes. Typical phenotypic selection genes are those encoding proteins that confer antibiotic resistance upon the host cell. By way of illustration, the ampicillin resistance gene (amp), and the tetracycline resistance gene (tet) are readily employed for this purpose.
- Construction of suitable vectors comprising the aforementioned components as well as the gene encoding the desired polypeptide (gene 1) are prepared using standard recombinant DNA procedures as described in Sambrook et al. supra. Isolated DNA fragments to be combined to form the vector are cleaved, tailored, and ligated together in a specific order and orientation to generate the desired vector.
- The DNA is cleaved using the appropriate restriction enzyme or enzymes in a suitable buffer. In general, about 0.2-1 μg of plasmid or DNA fragments is used with about 1-2 units of the appropriate restriction enzyme in about 20 μl of buffer solution. Appropriate buffers, DNA concentrations, and incubation times and temperatures are specified by the manufacturers of the restriction enzymes. Generally, incubation times of about one or two hours at 37° C. are adequate, although several enzymes require higher temperatures. After incubation, the enzymes and other contaminants are removed by extraction of the digestion solution with a mixture of phenol and chloroform, and the DNA is recovered from the aqueous fraction by precipitation with ethanol.
- To ligate the DNA fragments together to form a functional vector, the ends of the DNA fragments must be compatible with each other. In some cases, the ends will be directly compatible after endonuclease digestion. However, it may be necessary to first convert the sticky ends commonly produced by endonuclease digestion to blunt ends to make them compatible for ligation. To blunt the ends, the DNA is treated in a suitable buffer for at least 15 minutes at 15° C. with 10 units of the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I (Klenow) in the presence of the four deoxynucleotide triphosphates. The DNA is then purified by phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation.
- The cleaved DNA fragments may be size-separated and selected using DNA gel electrophoresis. The DNA may be electrophoresed through either an agarose or a polyacrylamide matrix. The selection of the matrix will depend on the size of the DNA fragments to be separated. After electrophoresis, the DNA is extracted from the matrix by electroelution, or, if low-melting agarose has been used as the matrix, by melting the agarose and extracting the DNA from it, as described in sections 6.30-6.33 of Sambrook et al., supra.
- The DNA fragments that are to be ligated together (previously digested with the appropriate restriction enzymes such that the ends of each fragment to be ligated are compatible) are put in solution in about equimolar amounts. The solution will also contain ATP, ligase buffer and a ligase such as T4 DNA ligase at about 10 units per 0.5 μg of DNA. If the DNA fragment is to be ligated into a vector, the vector is at first linearized by cutting with the appropriate restriction endonuclease(s). The linearized vector is then treated with alkaline phosphatase or calf intestinal phosphatase. The phosphatasing prevents self-ligation of the vector during the ligation step.
- After ligation, the vector with the foreign gene now inserted is transformed into a suitable host cell. Prokaryotes are the preferred host cells for this invention. Suitable prokaryotic host cells include E. coli strain JM101, E. coli K12 strain 294 (ATCC number 31,446), E. coli strain W3110 (ATCC number 27,325), E. coli X1776 (ATCC number 31,537), E. coli XL-1 Blue (stratagene), and E. coli B; however many other strains of E. coli, such as HB101, NM522, NM538, NM539, and many other species and genera of prokaryotes may be used as well. In addition to the E. coli strains listed above, bacilli such as Bacillus subtilis, other enterobacteriaceae such as Salmonella typhimurium or Serratia marcesans, and various Pseudomonas species may all be used as hosts.
- Transformation of prokaryotic cells is readily accomplished using the calcium chloride method as described in section 1.82 of Sambrook et al., supra. Alternatively, electroporation (Neumann et al., EMBO J., 1:841 [1982]) may be used to transform these cells. The transformed cells are selected by growth on an antibiotic, commonly tetracycline (tet) or ampicillin (amp), to which they are rendered resistant due to the presence of tet and/or amp resistance genes on the vector.
- After selection of the transformed cells, these cells are grown in culture and the plasmid DNA (or other vector with the foreign gene inserted) is then isolated. Plasmid DNA can be isolated using methods known in the art. Two suitable methods are the small scale preparation of DNA and the large-scale preparation of DNA as described in sections 1.25-1.33 of Sambrook et al., supra. The isolated DNA can be purified by methods known in the art such as that described in section 1.40 of Sambrook et al., supra. This purified plasmid DNA is then analyzed by restriction mapping and/or DNA sequencing. DNA sequencing is generally performed by either the method of Messing et al. Nucleic Acids Res., 9:309 [1981] or by the method of Maxam et al. Meth. Enzymol., 65: 499 [1980].
- This invention contemplates fusing the gene enclosing the desired polypeptide (gene 1) to a second gene (gene 2) such that a fusion protein is generated during transcription.
Gene 2 is typically a coat protein gene of a phage, and preferably it is the phage M13 gene III coat protein, or a fragment thereof. Fusion ofgenes gene 2 into a particular site on a plasmid that containsgene 1, or by insertinggene 1 into a particular site on a plasmid that containsgene 2. - Insertion of a gene into a plasmid requires that the plasmid be cut at the precise location that the gene is to be inserted. Thus, there must be a restriction endonuclease site at this location (preferably a unique site such that the plasmid will only be cut at a single location during restriction endonuclease digestion). The plasmid is digested, phosphatased, and purified as described above. The gene is then inserted into this linearized plasmid by ligating the two DNAs together. Ligation can be accomplished if the ends of the plasmid are compatible with the ends of the gene to be inserted. If the restriction enzymes are used to cut the plasmid and isolate the gene to be inserted create blunt ends or compatible sticky ends, the DNAs can be ligated together directly using a ligase such as bacteriophage T4 DNA ligase and incubating the mixture at 16° C. for 1-4 hours in the presence of ATP and ligase buffer as described in section 1.68 of Sambrook et al., supra. If the ends are not compatible, they must first be made blunt by using the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I or bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase, both of which require the four deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates to fill-in overhanging single-stranded ends of the digested DNA. Alternatively, the ends may be blunted using a nuclease such as nuclease S1 or mung-bean nuclease, both of which function by cutting back the overhanging single strands of DNA. The DNA is then religated using a ligase as described above. In some cases, it may not be possible to blunt the ends of the gene to be inserted, as the reading frame of the coding region will be altered. To overcome this problem, oligonucleotide linkers may be used. The linkers serve as a bridge to connect the plasmid to the gene to be inserted. These linkers can be made synthetically as double stranded or single stranded DNA using standard methods. The linkers have one end that is compatible with the ends of the gene to be inserted; the linkers are first ligated to this gene using ligation methods described above. The other end of the linkers is designed to be compatible with the plasmid for ligation. In designing the linkers, care must be taken to not destroy the reading frame of the gene to be inserted or the reading frame of the gene contained on the plasmid. In some cases, it may be necessary to design the linkers such that they code for part of an amino acid, or such that they code for one or more amino acids.
- Between
gene 1 andgene 2, DNA encoding a termination codon may be inserted, such termination codons are UAG (amber), UAA (ocher) and UGA (opel). (Microbiology, Davis et al. Harper & Row, New York, 1980,pages 237, 245-47 and 274). The termination codon expressed in a wild type host cell results in the synthesis of thegene 1 protein product without thegene 2 protein attached. However, growth in a suppressor host cell results in the synthesis of detectable quantities of fused protein. Such suppressor host cells contain a tRNA modified to insert an amino acid in the termination codon position of the mRNA thereby resulting in production of detectable amounts of the fusion protein. Such suppressor host cells are well known and described, such as E. coli suppressor strain (Bullock et al.,BioTechniques 5, 376-379 [1987]). Any acceptable method may be used to place such a termination codon into the mRNA encoding the fusion polypeptide. - The suppressible codon may be inserted between the first gene encoding a polypeptide, and a second gene encoding at least a portion of a phage coat protein. Alternatively, the suppressible termination codon may be inserted adjacent to the fusion site by replacing the last amino acid triplet in the polypeptide or the first amino acid in the phage coat protein. When the phagemid containing the suppressible codon is grown in a suppressor host cell, it results in the detectable production of a fusion polypeptide containing the polypeptide and the coat protein. When the phagemid is grown in a non-suppressor host cell, the polypeptide is synthesized substantially without fusion to the phage coat protein due to termination at the inserted suppressible triplet encoding UAG, UAA, or UGA. In the non-suppressor cell the polypeptide is synthesized and secreted from the host cell due to the absence of the fused phage coat protein which otherwise anchored it to the host cell.
-
Gene 1, encoding the desired polypeptide, may be altered at one or more selected codons. An alteration is defined as a substitution, deletion, or insertion of one or more codons in the gene encoding the polypeptide that results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide as compared with the unaltered or native sequence of the same polypeptide. Preferably, the alterations will be by substitution of at least one amino acid with any other amino acid in one or more regions of the molecule. The alterations may be produced be a variety of methods known in the art. These methods include but are not limited to oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis and cassette mutagenesis. - A. Oligonucleotide-Mediated Mutagenesis
- Oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis is preferred method for preparing substitution, deletion, and insertion variants of
gene 1. This technique is well known in the art as described by Zoller et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 10: 6487-6504 [1987]. Briefly,gene 1 is altered by hybridizing an oligonucleotide encoding the desired mutation to a DNA template, where the template is the single-stranded form of the plasmid containing the unaltered or native DNA sequence ofgene 1. After hybridization, a DNA polymerase is used to synthesize an entire second complementary strand of the template will thus incorporate the oligonucleotide primer, and will code for the selected alteration ingene 1. - Generally, oligonucleotides of at least 25 nucleotides in length are used. An optimal oligonucleotide will have 12 to 15 nucleotides that are completely complementary to the template on either side of the nucleotide(s) coding for the mutation. This ensures that the oligonucleotide will hybridize properly to the single-stranded DNA template molecule. The oligonucleotides are readily synthesized using techniques known in the art such as that described by Crea et al. Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. USA, 75: 5765 [1978].
- The DNA template can only be generated by those vectors that are either derived from bacteriophage M13 vectors (the commercially available M13mp18 and M13mp19 vectors are suitable), or those vectors that contain a single-stranded phage origin of replication as described by Viera et al. Meth. Enzymol., 153: 3 [1987]. Thus, the DNA that is to be mutated must be inserted into one of these vectors in order to generate single-stranded template. Production of the single-stranded template is described in sections 4.21-4.41 of Sambrook et al., supra.
- To alter the native DNA sequence, the oligonucleotide is hybridized to the single stranded template under suitable hybridization conditions. A DNA polymerizing enzyme, usually the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I, is then added to synthesize the complementary strand of the template using the oligonucleotide as a primer for synthesis. A heteroduplex molecule is thus formed such that one strand of DNA encodes the mutated form of
gene 1, and the other strand (the original template) encodes the native, unaltered sequence ofgene 1. This heteroduplex molecule is then transformed into a suitable host cell, usually a prokaryote such as E. Coli JM101. After growing the cells, they are plated onto agarose plates and screened using the oligonucleotide primer radiolabelled with 32-Phosphate to identify the bacterial colonies that contain the mutated DNA. - The method described immediately above may be modified such that a homoduplex molecule is created wherein both strands of the plasmid contain the mutation(s). The modifications are as follows: The single-stranded oligonucleotide is annealed to the single-stranded template as described above. A mixture of three deoxyribonucleotides, deoxyriboadenosine (dATP), deoxyriboguanosine (dGTP), and deoxyribothymidine (dTTP), is combined with a modified thio-deoxyribocytosine called dCTP-(aS) (which can be obtained from Amersham). This mixture is added to the template-oligonucleotide complex. Upon addition of DNA polymerase to this mixture, a strand of DNA identical to the template except for the mutated bases is generated. In addition, this new strand of DNA will contain dCTP-(aS) instead of dCTP, which serves to protect it from restriction endonuclease digestion. After the template strand of the double-stranded heteroduplex is nicked with an appropriate restriction enzyme, the template strand can be digested with ExolII nuclease or another appropriate nuclease past the region that contains the site(s) to be mutagenized. The reaction is then stopped to leave a molecule that is only partially single-stranded. A complete double-stranded DNA homoduplex is then formed using DNA polymerase in the presence of all four deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates, ATP, and DNA ligase. This homoduplex molecule can then be transformed into a suitable host cell such as E. coli JM101, as described above.
- Mutants with more than one amino acid to be substituted may be generated in one of several ways. If the amino acids are located close together in the polypeptide chain, they may be mutated simultaneously using one oligonucleotide that codes for all of the desired amino acid substitutions. If, however, the amino acids are located some distance from each other (separated by more than about ten amino acids), it is more difficult to generate a single oligonucleotide that encodes all of the desired changes. Instead, one of two alternative methods may be employed.
- In the first method, a separate oligonucleotide is generated for each amino acid to be substituted. The oligonucleotides are then annealed to the single-stranded template DNA simultaneously, and the second strand of DNA that is synthesized from the template will encode all of the desired amino acid substitutions. The alternative method involves two or more rounds of mutagenesis to produce the desired mutant. The first round is as described for the single mutants: wild-type DNA is used for the template, an oligonucleotide encoding the first desired amino acid substitution(s) is annealed to this template, and the heteroduplex DNA molecule is then generated. The second round of mutagenesis utilizes the mutated DNA produced in the first round of mutagenesis as the template. Thus, this template already contains one or more mutations. The oligonucleotide encoding the additional desired amino acid substitution(s) is then annealed to this template, and the resulting strand of DNA now encodes mutations from both the first and second rounds of mutagenesis. This resultant DNA can be used as a template in a third round of mutagenesis, and so on.
- B. Cassette Mutagenesis
- This method is also a preferred method for preparing substitution, deletion, and insertion variants of
gene 1. The method is based on that described by Wells et al. Gene, 34:315 [1985]. The starting material is the plasmid (or other vector) comprisinggene 1, the gene to be mutated. The codon(s) ingene 1 to be mutated are identified. There must be a unique restriction endonuclease site on each side of the identified mutation site(s). If no such restriction sites exist, they may be generated using the above-described oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis method to introduce them at appropriate locations ingene 1. After the restriction sites have been introduced into the plasmid, the plasmid is cut at these sites to linearize it. A double-stranded oligonucleotide encoding the sequence of the DNA between the restriction sites but containing the desired mutation(s) is synthesized using standard procedures. The two strands are synthesized separately and then hybridized together using standard techniques. This double-stranded oligonucleotide is referred to as the cassette. This cassette is designed to have 3′ and 5′ ends that are compatible with the ends of the linearized plasmid, such that it can be directly ligated to the plasmid. This plasmid now contains the mutated DNA sequence ofgene 1. - In an alternative embodiment, this invention contemplates production of variants of a desired protein containing one or more subunits. Each subunit is typically encoded by separate gene. Each gene encoding each subunit can be obtained by methods known in the art (see, for example, Section II). In some instances it may be necessary to obtain the gene encoding the various subunits using separate techniques selected from any of the methods described in Section II.
- When constructing a replicable expression vector where the protein of interest contains more than one subunit, all subunits can be regulated by the same promoter, typically located 5′ to the DNA encoding the subunits, or each may be regulated by separate promoter suitably oriented in the vector so that each promoter is operably linked to the DNA it is intended to regulate. Selection of promoters is carried out as described in Section III above.
- In constructing a replicable expression vector containing DNA encoding the protein of interest having multiple subunits, the reader is referred to
FIG. 10 where, by way of illustration, a vector is diagrammed showing DNA encoding each subunit of an antibody fragment. This figure shows that, generally, one of the subunits of the protein of interest will be fused to a phage coat protein such as M13 gene III. This gene fusion generally will contain its own signal sequence. A separate gene encodes the other subunit or subunits, and it is apparent that each subunit generally has its own signal sequence.FIG. 10 also shows that a single promoter can regulate the expression of both subunits. Alternatively, each subunit may be independently regulated by a different promoter. The protein of interest subunit-phage coat protein fusion construct can be made as described in Section IV above. - When constructing a family of variants of the desired multi-subunit protein, DNA encoding each subunit in the vector may mutated in one or more positions in each subunit. When multi-subunit antibody variants are constructed, preferred sites of mutagenesis correspond to codons encoding amino acid residues located in the complementarity-determining regions (CDR) of either the light chain, the heavy chain, or both chains. The CDRs are commonly referred to as the hypervariable regions. Methods for mutagenizing DNA encoding each subunit of the protein of interest are conducted essentially as described in Section V above.
- VII. Preparing a Target Molecule and Binding with Phagemid
- Target proteins, such as receptors, may be isolated from natural sources or prepared by recombinant methods by procedures known in the art. By way of illustration, glycoprotein hormone receptors may be prepared by the technique described by McFarland et al., Science 245:494-499 [1989], nonglycosylated forms expressed in E. coli are described by Fuh et al. J. Biol. Chem 265:3111-3115 [1990] Other receptors can be prepared by standard methods.
- The purified target protein may be attached to a suitable matrix such as agarose beads, acrylamide beads, glass beads, cellulose, various acrylic copolymers, hydroxylalkyl methacrylate gels, polyacrylic and polymethacrylic copolymers, nylon, neutral and ionic carriers, and the like. Attachment of the target protein to the matrix may be accomplished by methods described in Methods in Enzymology 44 [1976], or by other means known in the art.
- After attachment of the target protein to the matrix, the immobilized target is contacted with the library of phagemid particles under conditions suitable for binding of at least a portion of the phagemid particles with the immobilized target. Normally, the conditions, including pH, ionic strength, temperature and the like will mimic physiological conditions.
- Bound phagemid particles (“binders”) having high affinity for the immobilized target are separated from those having a low affinity (and thus do not bind to the target) by washing. Binders may be dissociated from the immobilized target by a variety of methods. These methods include competitive dissociation using the wild-type ligand, altering pH and/or ionic strength, and methods known in the art.
- Suitable host cells are infected with the binders and helper phage, and the host cells are cultured under conditions suitable for amplification of the phagemid particles. The phagemid particles are then collected and the selection process is repeated one or more times until binders having the desired affinity for the target molecule are selected.
- Optionally the library of phagemid particles may be sequentially contacted with more than one immobilized target to improve selectivity for a particular target. For example, it is often the case that a ligand such as hGH has more than one natural receptor. In the case of hGH, both the growth hormone receptor and the prolactin receptor bind the hGH ligand. It may be desirable to improve the selectivity of hGH for the growth hormone receptor over the prolactin receptor. This can be achieved by first contacting the library of phagemid particles with immobilized prolactin receptor, eluting those with a low affinity (i.e. lower than wild type hGH) for the prolactin receptor and then contacting the low affinity prolactin “binders” or non-binders with the immobilized growth hormone receptor, and selecting for high affinity growth hormone receptor binders. In this case an hGH mutant having a lower affinity for the prolactin receptor would have therapeutic utility even if the affinity for the growth hormone receptor were somewhat lower than that of wild type hGH. This same strategy may be employed to improve selectivity of a particular hormone or protein for its primary function receptor over its clearance receptor.
- In another embodiment of this invention, an improved substrate amino acid sequence can be obtained. These may be useful for making better “cut sites” for protein linkers, or for better protease substrates/inhibitors. In this embodiment, an immobilizable molecule (e.g. hGH-receptor, biotin-avidin, or one capable of covalent linkage with a matrix) is fused to gene III through a linker. The linker will preferably be from 3 to 10 amino acids in length and will act as a substrate for a protease. A phagemid will be constructed as described above where the DNA encoding the linker region is randomly mutated to produce a randomized library of phagemid particles with different amino acid sequences at the linking site. The library of phagemid particles are then immobilized on a matrix and exposed to a desired protease. Phagemid particles having preferred or better substrate amino acid sequences in the liner region for the desired protease will be eluted, first producing an enriched pool of phagemid particles encoding preferred linkers. These phagemid particles are then cycled several more times to produce an enriched pool of particles encoding consense sequence(s) (see examples XIII and XIV).
- The cloned gene for hGH has been expressed in a secreted form in Eschericha coli (Chang, C. N>, et al., [1987]
Gene 55, 189) and its DNA and amino acid sequence has been reported (Goeddel, et al. [1979] Nature 281, 544; Gray et al., [1985] Gene 39, 247). The present invention describes novel hGH variants produced using the phagemid selection methods. Human growth hormone variants containing substitutions atpositions - Therapeutic formulations of hGH for therapeutic administration are prepared for storage by mixing hGH having the desired degree of purity with optional physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16th edition, Osol, A., Ed., (1980), in the form of lyophilized cake or aqueous solutions. Acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers are nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid; low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine, or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; divalent metal ions such as zinc, cobalt or copper; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counterions such as sodium; and/or nonionic surfactants such as Tween, Pluronics or polyethylene glycol (PEG). Formulations of the present invention may additionally contain a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer, amino acid, bulking agent and/or non-ionic surfactant. These include, for example, buffers, chelating agents, antioxidants, preservatives, cosolvents, and the like; specific examples of these could include, trimethylamaine salts (“Tris buffer”), and disodium edetate. The phagemids of the present invention may be used to produce quantities of the hGH variants free of the phage protein. To express hGH variants free of the gene III portion of the fusion, pS0643 and derivatives can simply be grown in a non-suppressor strain such as 16C9. In this case, the amber codon (TAG) leads to termination of translation, which yields free hormone, without the need for an independent DNA construction. The hGH variant is secreted from the host and may be isolated from the culture medium.
- One or more of the eight hGH amino acids F10, M14, H18, H21, R167, D171, T175 and I179 may be replaced by any amino acid other than the one found in that position in naturally occurring hGH as indicated. Therefore, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or all 8 of the indicated amino acids, F10, M14, H18, H21, R167, D171, T175 and I179, may be replaced by any of the other 19 amino acids out of the 20 amino acids listed below. In a preferred embodiment, all eight listed amino acids are replaced by another amino acid. The most preferred eight amino acids to be substituted are indicated in Table XIV in Example XII.
-
-
- Ala (A)
- Arg (R)
- Asn (N)
- Asp (D)
- Cys (C)
- Gln (Q)
- Glu (E)
- Gly (G)
- His (H)
- Ile (I)
- Leu (L)
- Lys (K)
- Met (M)
- Phe (F)
- Pro (P)
- Ser (S)
- Thr (T)
- Trp (W)
- Tyr (Y)
- Val (V)
The one letter hGH variant nomenclature first gives the hGH amino acid deleted, forexample glutamate 179; then the amino acid inserted; for example, serine; resulting in (E1795S).
- Without further description, it is believed that one of ordinary skill in the art can, using the preceding description and illustrative examples, make and utilize the present invention to the fullest extent. The following working examples therefore specifically point out preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting in any way of the remainder of the disclosure.
- The plasmid phGH-M13gIII (
FIG. 1 ), was constructed from M13KO77 and the hGH producing plasmid, pBO473 (Cunningham, B. C., et al., Science, 243:1330-1336, [1989]). Asynthetic oligonucleotide 5′-AGC-TGT-GGC-TTC-GGG-CCC-TTA-GCA-TTT-AAT-GCG-GTA-3′ (SEQ ID NO:2) was used to introduce a unique ApaI restriction site (underlined) into pBO473 after the final Phe191 codon of hGH. Theoligonucleotide 5′-TTC-ACA-AAC-GAA-GGG-CCC-CTA-ATT-AAA-GCC-AGA-3′ (SEQ ID NO:3) was used to introduce a unique ApaI restriction site (underlined), and a Glu197-to-amber stop codon (bold lettering) into M13KO7 gene III. Theoligonucleotide 5′-CAA-TAA-TAA-CGG-GCT-AGC-CAA-AAG-AAC-TGG-3′ (SEQ ID NO:4) introduces a unique NheI site (underlined) after the 3′ end of the gene III coding sequence. The resulting 650 base pair (bp) ApaI-NheI fragment from the doubly mutated M13KO7 gene III was cloned into the large ApaI-NheI fragment of pBO473 to create the plasmid, pSO132. This fuses the carboxyl terminus of hGH (Phe191) to the Pro198 residue of the gene III protein with the insertion of a glycine residue encoded from the ApaI site and places the fusion protein under control of the E. coli alkaline phosphatase (phoA) promoter and stII secretion signal sequence (Chang, C. N., et al., Gene, 55:189-196, [1987]). For inducible expression of the fusion protein in rich media, we replaced the phoA promoter with the lac promoter and operator. A 138 bp EcoRI-XbaI fragment containing the lac promoter, operator, and Cap binding site was produced by PCR of plasmid pUC119 using theoligonucleotides 5′-CACGACAGAATTCCCGACTGGAAA-3′ (SEQ ID NO:5) and 5′-CTGTT TCTAGAGTGAAATTGTTA-3′ (SEQ ID NO:6) that flank the desired lac sequences and introduce the EcoRI and XbaI restriction sites (underlined). This lac fragment was gel purified and ligated into the large EcoRI-XbaI fragment of pSO132 to create the plasmid, phGH-M13gIII. The sequences of all tailored DNA junctions were verified by the dideoxy sequence method (Sanger, F., et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74:5463-5467, [1977]). The R64A variant hGH phagemid was constructed as follows: the NsiI-BglII mutated fragment of hGH (Cunningham et al. supra) encoding the Arg64 to Ala substitution (R64A) (Cunningham, B. C., Wells, J. A., Science, 244:1081-1085, [1989]) was cloned between the corresponding restriction sites in the phGH-M13gIII plasmid (FIG. 1 ) to replace the wild-type hGH sequence. The R64A hGH phagemid particles were propagated and titered as described below for the wild-type hGH-phagemid. - Plasmids were transformed into a male strain of E. coli (JM101) and selected on carbenicillin plates. A single transformant was grown in 2 ml 2YT medium for 4 h at 37° C. and infected with 50 μl of M13KO7 helper phage. The infected culture was diluted into 30 ml 2YT, grown overnight, and phagemid particles were harvested by precipitation with polyethylene glycol (Vierra, J., Messing, J., Methods in Enzymology, 153:3-11, [1987]). Typical phagemid particle titers ranged from 2 to 5×1011 cfu/ml. The particles were purified to homogeneity by CsCl density centrifugation (Day, L. A. J. Mol. Biol., 39:265-277, [1969]) to remove any fusion protein not attached to virions.
- Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to hGH were purified with protein A, and coated onto microtiter plates (Nunc) at a concentration of 2 μg/ml in 50 mM sodium carbonate buffer (pH 10) at 4° C. for 16-20 hours. After washing in PBS containing 0.05
% Tween 20, hGH or hGH-phagemid particles were serially diluted from 2.0-0.002 nM in buffer A (50 mM Tris (pH 7.5), 50 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, 5 mg/ml bovine serum albumin, and 0.05% Tween 20). After 2 hours at room temperature (rt), the plates were washed well and the indicated Mab (Cunningham et al. supra) was added at 1 μg/ml in buffer A for 2 hours at rt. Following washing, horseradish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG antibody was bound at rt for 1 hour. After a final wash, the peroxidase activity was assayed with the substrate, o-phenylenediamine. - Oxirane polyacrylamide beads (Sigma) were conjugated to the purified extracellular domain of the hGH receptor (hGHbp) (Fuh, G., et al., J. Biol. Chem., 265:3111-3115 [1990]) containing an extra cysteine residue introduced by site-directed mutagenesis at
position 237 that does not affect binding of hGH (J. Wells, unpublished). The hGHbp was conjugated as recommended by the supplier to a level of 1.7 pmol hGHbp/mg dry oxirane bead, as measured by binding of [125I] hGH to the resin. Subsequently, any unreacted oxirane groups were blocked with BSA and Tris. As a control for non-specific binding of phagemid particles, BSA was similarly coupled to the beads. Buffer for adsorption and washing contained 10 mM Tris.HCl (pH 7.5), 1 mM EDTA, 50 mM NaCl, 1 mg/ml BSA, and 0.02% Tween 20. Elution buffers contained wash buffer plus 200 nM hGH or 0.2 M glycine (pH 2.1). Parental phage M13KO7 was mixed with hGH phagemid particles at a ratio of nearly 3000:1 (original mixture) and tumbled for 8-12 h with a 5 μl aliquot (0.2 mg of acrylamide beads) of either absorbent in a 50 μl volume at room temperature. The beads were pelleted by centrifugation and the supernate carefully removed. The beads were resuspended in 200 μl wash buffer and tumbled at room temperature for 4 hours (wash 1). After a second wash (wash 2), the beads were eluted twice with 200 nM hGH for 6-10 hours each (eluate 1, eluate 2). The final elution was with a glycine buffer (pH 2.1) for 4 hours to remove remaining hGH phagemid particles (eluate 3). Each fraction was diluted appropriately in 2YT media, mixed with fresh JM101, incubated at 37° C. for 5 minutes, and plated with 3 ml of 2YT soft agar on LB or LB carbenicillin plates. - The gene III protein is composed of 410 residues divided into two domains that are separated by a flexible linker sequence (Armstrong, J., et al., FEBS Lett., 135:167-172, [1981]). The amino-terminal domain is required for attachment to the pili of E. coli, while the carboxyl-terminal domain is imbedded in the phage coat and required for proper phage assembly (Crissman, J. W., Smith, G. P., Virology, 132:445-455, [1984]). The signal sequence and amino-terminal domain of gene III was replaced with the stII signal and entire hGH gene (Chang et al. supra) by fusion to residue 198 in the carboxyl-terminal domain of gene III (
FIG. 1 ). The hGH-gene III fusion was placed under control of the lac promoter/operator in a plasmid (phGH-M13gIII;FIG. 1 ) containing the pBR322 β-lactamase gene and Col E1 replication origin, and the phage f1 intergenic region. The vector can be easily maintained as a small plasmid vector by selection on carbenicillin, which avoids relying on a functional gene III fusion for propagation. Alternatively, the plasmid can be efficiently packaged into virions (called phagemid particles) by infection with helper phage such as M13KO7 (Viera et al. supra) which avoids problems of phage assembly. Phagemid infectivity titers based upon transduction to carbenicillin resistance in this system varied from 2-5×1011 colony forming units (cfu)/ml. The titer of the M13KO7 helper phage in these phagemid stocks is ˜1010 plaque forming units (pfu)/ml. - With this system we confirmed previous studies (Parmley, Smith supra) that homogeneous expression of large proteins fused to gene III is deleterious to phage production (data not shown). For example, induction of the lac promoter in phGH-M13gIII by addition of IPTG produced low phagemid titers. Moreover, phagemid particles produced by co-infection with M13KO7 containing an amber mutation in gene III gave very low phagemid titers (<1010 cfu/ml). We believed that multiple copies of the gene III fusion attached to the phagemid surface could lead to multiple point attachment (the “chelate effect”) of the fusion phage to the immobilized target protein. Therefore to control the fusion protein copy number we limited transcription of the hGH-gene III fusion by culturing the plasmid in E. coli JM101 (lacIQ) which contains a constitutively high level of the lac repressor protein. The E. coli JM101 cultures containing phGH-M13gIII were best propagated and infected with M13KO7 in the absence of the lac operon inducer (IPTG); however, this system is flexible so that co-expression of other gene III fusion proteins can be balanced. We estimate that about 10% of the phagemid particles contain one copy of the hGH gene III fusion protein from the ratio of the amount of hGH per virion (based on hGH immuno-reactive material in CsCl gradient purified phagemid). Therefore, the titer of fusion phage displaying the hGH gene III fusion is about 2-5×1010/ml. This number is much greater than the titer of E. coli (˜108 to 109/ml) in the culture from which they are derived. Thus, on average every E. coli cell produces 10-100 copies of phage decorated with an hGH gene III fusion protein.
- Immunoblot analysis (
FIG. 2 ) of the hGH-gene III phagemid show that hGH cross-reactive material comigrates with phagemid particles in agarose gels. This indicates that the hGH is tightly associated with phagemid particles. The hGH-gene III fusion protein from the phagemid particles runs as a single immuno-stained band showing that there is little degradation of the hGH when it is attached to gene III. Wild-type gene III protein is clearly present because about 25% of the phagemid particles are infectious. This is comparable to specific infectivity estimates made for wild-type M13 phage that are similarly purified (by CsCl density gradients) and concentrations estimated by UV absorbance (Smith, G. P. supra and Parmley, Smith supra) Thus, both wild-type gene III and the hGH-gene III fusion proteins are displayed in the phage pool. - It was important to confirm that the tertiary structure of the displayed hGH was maintained in order to have confidence that results from binding selections will translate to the native protein. We used monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to hGH to evaluate the structural integrity of the displayed hGH gene III fusion protein (Table I).
-
TABLE I Binding of Eight Different Monoclonal Antibodies (Mab's) to hGH and hGH Phagemid Particles* IC50 (nM) Mab hGH hGH- phagemid 1 0.4 0.4 2 0.04 0.04 3 0.2 0.2 4 0.1 0.1 5 0.2 >2.0 6 0.07 0.2 7 0.1 0.1 8 0.1 0.1 *Values given represent the concentration (nM) of hGH or hGH-phagemid particles to give half-maximal binding to the particular Mab. Standard errors in these measurements are typically at or below ±30% of the reported value. See Materials and Methods for further details. - The epitopes on hGH for these Mabs have been mapped (Cunningham et al. supra) and binding for 7 of 8 Mabs requires that hGH be properly folded. The IC50 values for all Mabs were equivalent to wild-type hGH except for
Mab Mabs - Previous workers (Parmley, Smith supra; Scott, Smith supra; Cwirla et al. supra; and Devlin et al. supra) have fractionated phage by panning with streptavidin coated polystyrene petri dishes or microtiter plates. However, chromatographic systems would allow more efficient fractionation of phagemid particles displaying mutant proteins with different binding affinities. We chose non-porous oxirane beads (Sigma) to avoid trapping of phagemid particles in the chromatographic resin. Furthermore, these beads have a small particle size (1 μm) to maximize the surface area to mass ratio. The extracellular domain of the hGH receptor (hGHbp) (Fuh et al., supra) containing a free cysteino residue was efficiently coupled to these beads and phagemid particles showed very low non-specific binding to beads coupled only to bovine serum albumin (Table II).
-
TABLE II Specific Binding of Hormone Phage to hGHbp-coated Beads Provides an Enrichment for hGH-phage over M13KO7 Phage* Sample Absorbent‡ Total pfu Total cfu Ratio (cfu/pfu) Enrichment§ Original mixture† 8.3 × 1011 2.9 × 108 3.5 × 10−4 (1) Supernatant BSA 7.4 × 1011 2.8 × 108 3.8 × 10−4 1.1 hGHbp 7.6 × 1011 3.3 × 108 4.3 × 10−4 1.2 Wash 1BSA 1.1 × 1010 6.0 × 106 5.5 × 10−4 1.6 hGHbp 1.9 × 1010 1.7 × 107 8.9 × 10−4 2.5 Wash 2BSA 5.9 × 107 2.8 × 104 4.7 × 10−4 1.3 hGHbp 4.9 × 107 2.7 × 106 5.5 × 10−2 1.6 × 102 Eluate 1 (hGH) BSA 1.1 × 106 1.9 × 103 1.7 × 10−3 4.9 hGHbp 1.2 × 106 2.1 × 106 1.8 5.1 × 103 Eluate 2 (hGH) BSA 5.9 × 105 1.2 × 103 2.0 × 10−3 5.7 hGHbp 5.5 × 105 1.3 × 106 2.4 6.9 × 103 Eluate 3 (pH 2.1) BSA 4.6 × 105 2.0 × 103 4.3 × 10−3 12.3 hGHbp 3.8 × 105 4.0 × 106 10.5 3.0 × 104 *The titers of M13KO7 and hGH-phagemid particles in each fraction was determined by multiplying the number of plaque forming units (pfu) or carbenicillin resistant colony forming units (cfu) by the dilution factor, respectively. See Example IV for details. †The ratio of M13KO7 to hGH-phagemid particles was adjusted to 3000:1 in the original mixture. ‡Absorbents were conjugated with BSA or hGHbp. §Enrichments are calculated by dividing the cfu/pfu ratio after each step by cfu/pfu ratio in the original mixture. - In a typical enrichment experiment (Table II), one part of hGH phagemid was mixed with >3,000 parts M13KO7 phage. After one cycle of binding and elution, 106 phage were recovered and the ratio of phagemid to M13KO7 phage was 2 to 1. Thus, a single binding selection step gave >5000-fold enrichment. Additional elutions with free hGH or acid treatment to remove remaining phagemids produced even greater enrichments. The enrichments are comparable to those obtained by Smith and coworkers using batch elution from coated polystyrene plates (Smith, G. P. supra and Parmely, Smith supra) however much smaller volumes are used on the beads (200 μl vs. 6 ml). There was almost no enrichment for the hGH phagemid over M13KO7 when we used beads linked only to BSA. The slight enrichment observed for control beads (˜10-fold for pH 2.1 elution; Table 2) may result from trace contaminants of bovine growth hormone binding protein present in the BSA linked to the bead. Nevertheless these data show the enrichments for the hGH phage depend upon the presence of the hGHbp on the bead suggesting binding occurs by specific interaction between hGH and the hGHbp.
- We evaluated the enrichment for wild-type hGH over a weaker binding variant of the hGH on fusion phagemids to further demonstrate enrichment specificity, and to link the reduction in binding affinity for the purified hormones to enrichment factors after panning fusion phagemids. A fusion phagemid was constructed with an hGH mutant in which Arg64 was substituted with Ala (R64A). The R64A variant hormone is about 20-fold reduced in receptor binding affinity compared to hGH (Kd values of 7.1 nM and 0.34 nM, respectively [Cunningham, Wells, supra]). The titers of the R64A hGH-gene III fusion phagemid were comparable to those of wild-type hGH phagemid. After one round of binding and elution (Table III) the wild-type hGH phagemid was enriched from a mixture of the two phagemids plus M13KO7 by 8-fold relative to the phagemid R64A, and ˜104 relative to M13KO7 helper phage.
-
TABLE III hGHbp-coated Beads Select for hGH Phagemids Over a Weaker Binding hGH Variant Phagemid Control beads hGHbp beads WT phagemid enrichment WT phagemid enrichment Sample total phagemid for WT/R64A total phagemid for WT/ R64A Original mixture 8/20 (1) 8/20 (1) Supernatant ND — 4/10 1.0 Elution 1 (hGH) 7/20 0.8 17/20 8.5‡ Elution 2 (pH 2.1) 11/20 1.8 21/27 5.2 *The parent M13KO7 phage, wild-type hGH phagemid and R64A phagemid particles were mixed at a ratio of 104:0.4:0.6. Binding selections were carried out using beads linked with BSA (control beads) or with the hGHbp (hGHbp beads) as described in Table II and the Materials and Methods After each step, plasmid DNA was isolated (Birnboim, H. C., Doly, J., Nucleic Acids Res., 7: 1513-1523, [1979]) from carbenicillin resistant colonies and analyzed by restriction analysis to determine if it contained the wild-type hGH or the R64A hGH gene III fusion. †The enrichment for wild-type hGH phagemid over R64A mutant was calculated from the ratio of hGH phagemid present after each step to that present in the original mixture (8/20), divided by the corresponding ratio for R64A phagemids. WT = wild-type; ND = not determined. ‡The enrichment for phagemid over total M13KO7 parental phage was ~104 after this step. - By displaying a mixture of wild-type gene III and the gene III fusion protein on phagemid particles one can assemble and propagate virions that display a large and proper folded protein as a fusion to gene III. The copy number of the gene III fusion protein can be effectively controlled to avoid “chelate effects” yet maintained at high enough levels in the phagemid pool to permit panning of large epitope libraries (>1010). We have shown that hGH (a 22 kD protein) can be displayed in its native folded form. Binding selections performed on receptor affinity beads eluted with free hGH, efficiently enriched for wild-type hGH phagemids over a mutant hGH phagemid shown to have reduced receptor binding affinity. Thus, it is possible to sort phagemid particles whose binding constants are down in the nanomolar range.
- Protein-protein and antibody-antigen interactions are dominated by discontinuous epitopes (Janin, J., et al., J. Mol. Biol., 204:155-164, [1988]; Argos, P., Prot. Eng., 2:101-113, [1988]; Barlow, D. J., et al., Nature, 322:747-748, [1987]; and Davies, D. R., et al., J. Biol. Chem., 263:10541-10544, [1988]); that is the residues directly involved in binding are close in tertiary structure but separated by residues not involved in binding. The screening system presented here should allow one to analyze more conveniently protein-receptor interactions and isolate discontinuous epitopes in proteins with new and high affinity binding properties.
- A mutant of the hGH-gene III fusion protein was constructed using the method of Kunkel, et al. Meth. Enzymol. 154, 367-382 [1987]. Template DNA was prepared by growing the plasmid pS0132 (containing the natural hGH gene fused to the carboxy-terminal half of M13 gene III, under control of the alkaline phosphatase promoter) in CJ236 cells with M13-K07 phage added as helper. Single-stranded, uracil-containing DNA was prepared for mutagenesis to introduce (1) a mutation in hGH which would greatly reduce binding to the hGH binding protein (hGHbp); and (2) a unique restriction site (KpnI) which could be used for assaying for—and selecting against—parental background phage. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was carried out using T7 DNA polymerase and the following oligodeoxy-nucleotide (SEQ ID NO:7):
-
hGH codon: Gly Thr 178 179 5′-G ACA TTC CTG GGT ACC GTG CAG T-3′ < KpnI > - This oligo introduces the KpnI site as shown, along with mutations (R178G, I179T) in hGH. These mutations are predicted to reduce binding of hGH to hGHbp by more than 30-fold. Clones from the mutagenesis were screened by KpnI digestion and confirmed by dideoxy DNA sequencing. The resulting construct, to be used as a template for random mutagenesis, was designated pHO415.
- Random Mutagenesis within Helix-4 of hGH
-
Codons -
hGH codon: 172 174 5′-GC TTC AGG AAG GAC ATG GAC NNS GTC NNS ACA-- Ile 176 178 179 NNS CTG NNS ATC GTG CAG TGC CGC TCT GTG G-3′
As shown, this oligo pool revertscodon 179 to wild-type (Ile), destroys the unique KpnI site of pH0415, and introduces random codons (NNS, where N=A, G, C, or T and S=G or C) atpositions - The mutagenesis products were extracted twice with phenol:chloroform (50:50) and ethanol precipitated with an excess of carrier tRNA to avoid adding salt that would confound the subsequent electroporation step. Approximately 50 ng (15 fmols) of DNA was electroporated into WJM101 cells (2.8×1010 cells/mL) in 45 μL total volume in a 0.2 cm cuvette at a voltage setting of 2.49 kV with a single pulse (time constant=4.7 msec.).
- The cells were allowed to recover 1 hour at 37° C. with shaking, then mixed with 25 mL 2YT medium, 100 μg/mL carbenicillin, and M13-K07 (multiplicity of infection=1000). Plating of serial dilutions from this culture onto carbenicillin-containing media indicated that 8.2×106 electrotransformants were obtained. After 10′ at 23° C., the culture was incubated overnight (15 hours) at 37° C. with shaking.
- After overnight incubation, the cells were pelleted, and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), designated pLIB1, was prepared by the alkaline lysis method. The supernatant was spun again to remove any remaining cells, and the phage, designated phage pool φ1, were PEG-precipitated and resuspended in 1 mL STE buffer (10 mM Tris, pH 7.6, 1 mM EDTA, 50 mM NaCl). Phage titers were measured as colony-forming units (CFU) for the recombinant phagemid containing hGH-g3p gene III fusion (hGH-g3) plasmid, and plaque-forming units (PFU) for the M13-K07 helper phage.
- Binding Selection Using Immobilized hGHbp
- 1. BINDING: An aliquot of phage pool φ1 (6×109 CFU, 6×107 PFU) was diluted 4.5-fold in buffer A (Phosphate-buffered saline, 0.5% BSA, 0.05% Tween-20, 0.01% thimerosal) and mixed with a 5 μL suspension of oxirane-polyacrylamide beads coupled to the hGHbp containing a Ser237 Cys mutation (350 fmols) in a 1.5 mL silated polypropylene tube. As a control, an equivalent aliquot of phage were mixed in a separate tube with beads that had been coated with BSA only. The phage were allowed to bind to the beads by incubating 3 hours at room temperature (23° C.) with slow rotation (approximately 7 RPM). Subsequent steps were carried out with a constant volume of 200 μL and at room temperature.
- 2. WASH: The beads were spun 15 sec., and the supernatant was removed (Sup. 1). To remove phage/phagemid not specifically bound, the beads were washed twice by resuspending in buffer A, then pelleting. A final wash consisted of rotating the beads in buffer A for 2 hours.
- 3. hGH ELUTION: Phage/phagemid binding weakly to the beads were removed by stepwise elution with hGH. In the first step, the beads were rotated with buffer A containing 2 nM hGH. After 17 hours, the beads were pelleted and resuspended in buffer A containing 20 nM hGH and rotated for 3 hours, then pelleted. In the final hGH wash, the beads were suspended in buffer A containing 200 nM hGH and rotated for 3 hours then pelleted.
- 4. GLYCINE ELUTION: To remove the tightest-binding phagemid (i.e. those still bound after the hGH washes), beads were suspended in Glycine buffer (1 M Glycine, pH 2.0 with HCl), rotated 2 hours and pelleted. The supernatant (fraction “G”; 200 μL) was neutralized by adding 30 μL of 1 M Tris base.
- Fraction G eluted from the hGHbp-beads (1×106 CFU, 5×104 PFU) was not substantially enriched for phagemid over K07 helper phage. We believe this resulted from the fact that K07 phage packaged during propagation of the recombinant phagemid display the hGH-g3p fusion.
- However, when compared with fraction G eluted from the BSA-coated control beads, the hGHbp-beads yielded 14 times as many CFU's. This reflects the enrichment of tight-binding hGH-displaying phagemid over nonspecifically-binding phagemid.
- 5. PROPAGATION: An aliquot (4.3×105 CFU) of fraction G eluted from the hGHbp-beads was used to infect log-phase WJM101 cells. Transductions were carried out by mixing 100 μL fraction G with 1 mL WJM101 cells, incubating 20 min. at 37° C., then adding K07 (multiplicity of infection=1000). Cultures (25 mL 2YT plus carbenicillin) were grown as described above and the second pool of phage (
Library 1G, for first glycine elution) were prepared as described above. - Phage from
library 1G (FIG. 3 ) were selected for binding to hGHbp beads as described above. Fraction G eluted from hGHbp beads contained 30 times as many CFU's as fraction G eluted from BSA-beads in this selection. Again, an aliquot of fraction G was propagated in WJM101 cells to yieldlibrary 1G2 (indicating that this library had been twice selected by glycine elution). Double-stranded DNA (pLIB 1G2) was also prepared from this culture. - KpnI Assay and Restriction-Selection of dsDNA
- To reduce the level of background (KpnI+) template, an aliquot (about 0.5 μg) of
pLIB 1G2 was digested with KpnI and electroporated into WJM101 cells. These cells were grown in the presence of K07 (multiplicity of infection=100) as described for the initial library, and a new phage pool,pLIB 3, was prepared (FIG. 3 ). - In addition, an aliquot (about 0.5 μg) of dsDNA from the initial library (pLIB1) was digested with KpnI and electroporated directly into WJM101 cells. Transformants were allowed to recover as above, infected with M13-K07, and grown overnight to obtain a new library of phage, designated phage Library 2 (
FIG. 3 ). - Phagemid binding, elution, and propagation were carried out in successive rounds for phagemid derived from both
pLIB 2 and pLIB 3 (FIG. 3 ) as described above, except that (1) an excess (10-fold over CFU) of purified K07 phage (not displaying hGH) was added in the bead-binding cocktail, and (2) the hGH stepwise elutions were replaced with brief washings of buffer A alone. Also, in some cases, XL1-Blue cells were used for phagemid propagation. - An additional digestion of dsDNA with KpnI was carried out on
pLIB 2G3 and onpLIB 3G5 before the final round of bead-binding selection (FIG. 3 ). - Four independently isolated clones from
LIB 4G4 and four independently isolated clones fromLIB 5G6 were sequenced by dideoxy sequencing. All eight of these clones had identical DNA sequences (SEQ ID NO:9): -
hGH codon: 172 174 176 178 5′-AAG GTC TCC ACA TAC CTG AGG ATC-3′
Thus, all these encode the same mutant of hGH: (E174S, F176Y).Residue 172 in these clones is Lys as in wild-type. The codon selected for 172 is also identical to wild-type hGH. This is not surprising since AAG is the only lysine-codon possible from a degenerate “NNS” codon set. Residue 178-Arg is also the same as wild-type, but here, the codon selected from the library was AAG instead of CGC as is found in wild-type hGH, even though the latter codon is also possible using the “NNS” codon set. - The multiplicity of infection of K07 infection is an important parameter in the propagation of recombinant phagemids. The K07 multiplicity of infection must be high enough to insure that virtually all cells transformed or transfected with phagemid are able to package new phagemid particles. Furthermore, the concentration of wild-type gene III in each cell should be kept high to reduce the possibility of multiple hGH-gene III fusion molecules being displayed on each phagemid particle, thereby reducing chelate effects in binding. However, if the K07 multiplicity of infection is too high, the packaging of K07 will compete with that of recombinant phagemid. We find that acceptable phagemid yields, with only 1-10% background K07 phage, are obtained when the K07 multiplicity of infection is 100.
-
TABLE IV Enrichment hGHbp/BSA Phage Pool moi (K07) CFU/PFU beads Fraction Kpnl LIB 1 1000 ND 14 0.44 LIB 1G1000 ND 30 0.57 LIB 3100 ND 1.7 0.26 LIB 3G10 ND 8.5 0.18 LIB 3G100 460 220 0.13 LIB 5100 ND 15 ND LIB 2 100 ND 1.7 <0.05 LIB 2G10 ND 4.1 <0.10 LIB 2G100 1000 27 0.18 LIB 4100 170 38 ND - Phage pools are labeled as shown (
FIG. 3 ). The multiplicity of infection (moi) refers to the multiplicity of K07 infection (PFU/cells) in the propagation of phagemid. The enrichment of CFU over PFU is shown in those cases where purified K07 was added in the binding step. The ratio of CFU eluting from hGHbp-beads over CFU eluting from BSA-beads is shown. The fraction of KpnI-containing template (i.e., pH0415) remaining in the pool was determined by digesting dsDNA with KpnI plus EcoRI, running the products on a 1% agarose gel, and laser-scanning a negative of the ethidium bromide-stained DNA. - Receptor-Binding Affinity of the Hormone hGH(E174S, F176Y)
- The fact that a single clone was isolated from two different pathways of selection (
FIG. 3 ) suggested that the double mutant (E174S, F176Y) binds strongly to hGHbp. To determine the affinity of this mutant of hGH for hGHbp, we constructed this mutant of hGH by site-directed mutagenesis, using a plasmid (pBO720) which contains the wild-type hGH gene as template and the following oligonucleotide which changescodons 174 and 176 (SEQ ID NO:10) -
hGH codon: 172 174 176 178 Lys Ser Tyr Arg 5′-ATG GAC AAG GTG TCG ACA TAC CTG CGC ATC GTG-3′
The resulting construct, pH0458B, was transformed into E. coli strain 16C9 for expression of the mutant hormone. Scatchard analysis of competitive binding of hGH(E174S, F176Y) versus 125I-hGH to hGHbp indicated that the (E174S, F176Y) mutant has a binding affinity at least 5.0-fold tighter than that of wild-type hGH. - Human growth hormone variants were produced by the method of the present invention using the phagemid described in
FIG. 9 . - We designed a vector for cassette mutagenesis (Wells et al., Gene 34, 315-323 [1985]) and expression of the hGH-gene III fusion protein with the objectives of (1) improving the linkage between hGH and the gene III moiety to more favorably display the hGH moiety on the phage (2) limiting expression of the fusion protein to obtain essentially “monovalent display,” (3) allowing for restriction nuclease selection against the starting vector, (4) eliminating expression of fusion protein from the starting vector, and (5) achieving facile expression of the corresponding free hormone from a given hGH-gene III fusion mutant.
- Plasmid pS0643 was constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (Kunkel et al., Methods Enzymol. 154, 367-382 [1987]) of pS0132, which contains pBR322 and f1 origins of replication and expresses an hGH-gene III fusion protein (hGH residues 1-191, followed by a single Gly residue, fused to Pro-198 of gene III) under the control of the E. coli phoA promoter (Bass et al.,
Proteins 8, 309-314 [1990])(FIG. 9 ). Mutagenesis was carried out with theoligonucleotide 5′-GGC-AGC-TGT-GGC-TTC-TAG-AGT-GGC-GGC-GGC-TCT-GGT-3′ (SEQ ID NO:1), which introduces a XbaI site (underlined) and an amber stop codon (TAG) following Phe-191 of hGH. In the resulting construct, pS0643, a portion of gene III was deleted, and two silent mutations (underlined) occurred, yielding the following junction between hGH and gene III (SEQ ID NOS: 11 AND 12): -
---hGH --------------> gene III -------- 187 188 189 190 191 am* 249 250 251 252 253 254 Gly Ser Cys Gly Phe Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly GGC AGC TGT GGA TTC TAG AGT GGC GGT GGC TCT GGT - This shortens the total size of the fusion protein from 401 residues in pS0132 to 350 residues in pS0643. Experiments using monoclonal antibodies against hGH have demonstrated that the hGH portion of the new fusion protein, assembled on a phage particle, is more accessible than was the previous, longer fusion.
- For propagation of hormone-displaying phage, pS0643 and derivatives can be grown in a amber-suppressor strain of E. coli, such as JM101 or XL1-Blue (Bullock et al.,
BioTechniques 5, 376-379 [1987]). Shown above is substitution of Glu at the amber codon which occurs in supE suppressor strains. Suppression with other amino acids is also possible in various available strains of E. coli well known and publically available. - To express hGH (or mutants) free of the gene III portion of the fusion, pS0643 and derivatives can simply be grown in a non-suppressor strain such as 16C9. In this case, the amber codon (TAG) leads to termination of translation, which yields free hormone, without the need for an independent DNA construction.
- To create sites for cassette mutagenesis, pS0643 was mutated with the oligonucleotides (1) 5′-CGG-ACT-GGG-CAG-ATA-TTC-AAG-CAG-ACC-3′ (SEQ ID NO:13), which destroys the unique BglII site of pS0643; (2) 5′-CTC-AAG-AAC-TAC-GGG-TTA-CCC-TGA-CTG-CTT-CAG-GAA-GG-3′ (SEQ ID NO:14), which inserts a unique BstEII site, a single-base frameshift, and a non-amber stop codon (TGA); and (3) 5′-CGC-ATC-GTG-CAG-TGC-AGA-TCT-GTG-GAG-GGC-3′ (SEQ ID NO:15), which introduces a new BglII site, to yield the starting vector, pH0509. The addition of a frameshift along with a TGA stop codon insures that no geneIII-fusion can be produced from the starting vector. The BstEII-BglII segment is cut out of pH0509 and replaced with a DNA cassette, mutated at the codons of interest. Other restriction sites for cassette mutagenesis at other locations in hGH have also been introduced into the hormone-phage vector.
- Cassette Mutagenesis within
Helix 4 of hGH -
Codons helix 4; and they are each substituted by at least one amino acid among known evolutionary variants of hGH. - We chose to substitute NNS(N=A/G/C/T; S=G/C) at each of the target residues. The choice of the NNS degenerate sequence yields 32 possible codons (including at least one codon for each amino acid) at 4 sites, for a total of (32)4=1,048,576 possible nucleotide sequences, or (20)4=160,000 possible polypeptide sequences. Only one stop codon, amber (TAG), is allowed by this choice of codons, and this codon is suppressible as Glu in supE strains of E. coli.
- Two degenerate oligonucleotides, with NNS at
codons - The vector was prepared by digesting pH0509 with BstEII followed by BglII. The products were run on a 1% agarose gel and the large fragment excised, phenol-extracted, and ethanol precipitated. This fragment was treated with calf intestinal phosphatase (Boehringer), then phenol:chloroform extracted, ethanol precipitated, and resuspended for ligation with the mutagenic cassette.
- Following ligation, the reaction products were again digested with BstEII, then phenol:chloroform extracted, ethanol precipitated and resuspended in water. (A BstEII recognition site (GGTNACC) is created within cassettes which contain a G at
position 3 ofcodon 172 and an ACC (Thr) codon at 174. However, treatment with BstEII at this step should not select against any of the possible mutagenic cassettes, because virtually all cassettes will be heteroduplexes, which cannot be cleaved by the enzyme). Approximately 150 ng (45 fmols) of DNA was electroporated into XL1-Blue cells (1.8×109 cells in 0.045 mL) in a 0.2 cm cuvette at a voltage setting of 2.49 kV with a single pulse (time constant=4.7 msec.). - The cells were allowed to recover 1 hour at 37° C. in S.O.C media with shaking, then mixed with 25 mL 2YT medium, 100 mg/mL carbenicillin, and M13-K07 (moi=100). After 10′ at 23° C., the culture was incubated overnight (15 hours) at 37° C. with shaking. Plating of serial dilutions from this culture onto carbenicillin-containing media indicated that 3.9×107 electrotransformants were obtained.
- After overnight incubation, the cells were pelleted, and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), designated pH0529E (the initial library), was prepared by the alkaline lysis method. The supernatant was spun again to remove any remaining cells, and the phage, designated phage pool φH0529E (the initial library of phage), were PEG-precipitated and resuspended in 1 mL STE buffer (10 mM Tris, pH 7.6, 1 mM EDTA, 50 mM NaCl). Phage titers were measured as colony-forming units (CFU) for the recombinant phagemid containing hGH-g3p. Approximately 4.5×1013 CFU were obtained from the starting library.
- From the pool of electrotransformants, 58 clones were sequenced in the region of the BstEII-BglII cassette. Of these, 17% corresponded to the starting vector, 17% contained at least one frame shift, and 7% contained a non-silent (non-terminating) mutation outside the four target codons. We conclude that 41% of the clones were defective by one of the above measures, leaving a total functional pool of 2.0×107 initial transformants. This number still exceeds the possible number of DNA sequences by nearly 20-fold. Therefore, we are confident of having all possible sequences represented in the starting library.
- We examined the sequences of non-selected phage to evaluate the degree of codon bias in the mutagenesis (Table V). The results indicated that, although some codons (and amino acids) are under- or over-represented relative to the random expectation, the library is extremely diverse, with no evidence of large-scale “sibling” degeneracy (Table VI).
-
TABLE V Codon distribution (per 188 codons) of non-selected hormone phage. Residue Number expected Number found Found/Expected Leu 17.6 18 1.0 Ser 17.6 26 1.5 Arg 17.6 10 0.57 Pro 11.8 16 1.4 Thr 11.8 14 1.2 Ala 11.8 13 1.1 Gly 11.8 16 1.4 Val 11.8 4 0.3 Ile 5.9 2 0.3 Met 5.9 1 0.2 Tyr 5.9 1 0.2 His 5.9 2 0.3 Trp 5.9 2 0.3 Phe 5.9 5 0.9 Cys 5.9 5 0.9 Gln 5.9 7 1.2 Asn 5.9 14 2.4 Lys 5.9 11 1.9 Asp 5.9 9 1.5 Glu 5.9 6 1.0 amber* 5.9 6 1.0 Clones were sequenced from the starting library (pH0529E). All codons were tabulated, including those from clones which contained spurious mutations and/or frameshifts. *Note: the amber stop codon (TAG) is suppressed as Glu in XL1-Blue cells. Highlighted codons were over/under-represented by 50% or more. -
TABLE VI Kε NT (SEQ ID NO: 46) TWGS (SEQ ID NO: 47) Pε ER (SEQ ID NO: 48) LPPS (SEQ ID NO: 49) SLDP (SEQ ID NO: 50) QQSN (SEQ ID NO: 51) GSKT (SEQ ID NO: 52) TPVT (SEQ ID NO: 53) RSRA (SEQ ID NO: 54) LCGL (SEQ ID NO: 55) TGRL (SEQ ID NO: 56) AKAS (SEQ ID NO: 57) GNDD (SEQ ID NO: 58) KTEQ (SEQ ID NO: 59) NNCR (SEQ ID NO: 60) FPCL (SEQ ID NO: 61) NSDF (SEQ ID NO: 62) HRPS (SEQ ID NO: 63) LSLE (SEQ ID NO: 64) NGSK (SEQ ID NO: 65) LTTE (SEQ ID NO: 66) PSGG (SEQ ID NO: 67) LWFP (SEQ ID NO: 68) PAGS (SEQ ID NO: 69) GRAK (SEQ ID NO: 70) GTNG (SEQ ID NO: 71) CVLQ (SEQ ID NO: 72) EASL (SEQ ID NO: 73) SSKE (SEQ ID NO: 74) ALLL (SEQ ID NO: 75) PSHP (SEQ ID NO: 76) SYAP (SEQ ID NO: 77) ASNG (SEQ ID NO: 78) EANN (SEQ ID NO: 79) KNAK (SEQ ID NO: 80) SRGK (SEQ ID NO: 81) GLDG (SEQ ID NO: 82) NDPI (SEQ ID NO: 83) Non-selected (pHO529E) clones with an open reading frame. The notation, e.g. TWGS, denotes the hGH mutant 172T/174W/176G/178S. Amber (TAG) codons, translated as Glu in XL1 -Blue cells are shown as {tilde over (□)}
Preparation of Immobilized hGHbp and hPRLbp - Immobilized hGHbp (“hGHbp-beads”) was prepared as described (Bass et al.,
Proteins 8, 309-314 [1990]), except that wild-type hGHbp (Fuh et al., J. Biol. Chem. 265, 3111-3115 [1990]) was used. Competitive binding experiments with [125I] hGH indicated that 58 fmols of functional hGHbp were coupled per μL of bead suspension. - Immobilized hPRLbp (“hPRLbp-beads”) was prepared as above, using the 211-residue extracellular domain of the prolactin receptor (Cunningham et al.,
Science 250, 1709-1712 [1990]). Competitive binding experiments with [125I] hGH in the presence of 50 μM zinc indicated that 2.1 fmols of functional hPRLbp were coupled per μL of bead suspension. - “Blank beads” were prepared by treating the oxirane-acrylamide beads with 0.6 M ethanolamine (pH 9.2) for 15 hours at 4° C.
- Binding Selection Using Immobilized hGHbp and hPRLbp
- Binding of hormone-phage to beads was carried out in one of the following buffers: Buffer A (PBS, 0.5% BSA, 0.05
% Tween 20, 0.01% thimerosal) for selections using hGHbp and blank beads; Buffer B (50 mM tris pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.5% BSA, 0.05% Tween % Tween 20, 0.01% thimerosal, 10 mM EDTA) for selections using hPRLbp in the absence of zinc (+EDTA). Binding selections were carried out according to each of the following paths: (1) binding to blank beads, (2) binding to hGHbp-beads, (3) binding to hPRLbp-beads (+Zn2+), (4) binding to hPRLbp-beads (+EDTA), (5) pre-adsorbing twice with hGHbp beads then binding the non-adsorbed fraction to hPRLbp-beads (“−hGHbp, +hPRLbp” selection), or (6) pre-adsorbing twice with hPRLbp-beads then binding the non-adsorbed fraction to hGHbp-beads (“−hPRLbp, +hGHbp” selection). The latter two procedures are expected to enrich for mutants binding hPRLbp but not hGHbp, or for mutants binding hGHbp but not hPRLbp, respectively. Binding and elution of phage was carried out in each cycle as follows: - 1. BINDING: An aliquot of hormone phage (typically 109-1010 CFU) was mixed with an equal amount of non-hormone phage (pCAT), diluted into the appropriate buffer (A, B, or C), and mixed with a 10 mL suspension of hGHbp, hPRLbp or blank beads in a total volume of 200 mL in a 1.5 mL polypropylene tube. The phage were allowed to bind to the beads by incubating 1 hour at room temperature (23° C.) with slow rotation (approximately 7 RPM). Subsequent steps were carried out with a constant volume of 200 μL and at room temperature.
- 2. WASHES: The beads were spun 15 sec., and the supernatant was removed. To reduce the number of phage not specifically bound, the beads were washed 5 times by resuspending briefly in the appropriate buffer, then pelleting.
- 3. hGH ELUTION: Phage binding weakly to the beads were removed by elution with hGH. The beads were rotated with the appropriate buffer containing 400 nM hGH for 15-17 hours. The supernatant was saved as the “hGH elution” and the beads. The beads were washed by resuspending briefly n buffer and pelleting.
- 4. GLYCINE ELUTION: To remove the tightest-binding phage (i.e. those still bound after the hGH wash), beads were suspended in Glycine buffer (Buffer A plus 0.2 M Glycine, pH 2.0 with HCl), rotated 1 hour and pelleted. The supernatant (“Glycine elution”; 200 μL) was neutralized by adding 30 mL of 1 M Tris base and stored at 4° C.
- 5. PROPAGATION: Aliquots from the hGH elutions and from the Glycine elutions from each set of beads under each set of conditions were used to infect separate cultures of log-phase XL1-Blue cells. Transductions were carried out by mixing phage with 1 mL XL1-Blue cells, incubating 20 min. at 37° C., then adding K07 (moi=100). Cultures (25 mL 2YT plus carbenicillin) were grown as described above and the next pool of phage was prepared as described above.
- Phage binding, elution, and propagation were carried out in successive rounds, according to the cycle described above. For example, the phage amplified from the hGH elution from hGHbp-beads were again selected on hGHbp-beads and eluted with hGH, then used to infect a new culture of XL1-Blue cells. Three to five rounds of selection and propagation were carried out for each of the selection procedures described above.
- From the hGH and Glycine elution steps of each cycle, an aliquot of phage was used to inoculate XL1-Blue cells, which were plated on LB media containing carbenicillin and tetracycline to obtain independent clones from each phage pool. Single-stranded DNA was prepared from isolated colony and sequenced in the region of the mutagenic cassette. The results of DNA sequencing are summarized in terms of the deduced amino acid sequences in
FIGS. 5 , 6, 7, and 8. - To determine the binding affinity of some of the selected hGH mutants for the hGHbp, we transformed DNA from sequenced clones into E. coli strain 16C9. As described above, this is a non-suppressor strain which terminates translation of protein after the final Phe-191 residue of hGH. Single-stranded DNA was used for these transformations, but double-stranded DNA or even whole phage can be easily electroporated into a non-suppressor strain for expression of free hormone.
- Mutants of hGH were prepared from osmotically shocked cells by ammonium sulfate precipitation as described for hGH (Olson et al., Nature 293, 408-411 [1981]), and protein concentrations were measured by laser densitomoetry of Coomassie-stained SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels, using hGH as standard (Cunningham and Wells, Science 244, 1081-1085 [1989]).
- The binding affinity of each mutant was determined by displacement of 125I hGH as described (Spencer et al., J. Biol. Chem. 263, 7862-7867 [1988]; Fuh et al., J. Biol. Chem. 265, 3111-3115 [1990]), using an anti-receptor monoclonal antibody (Mab263).
- The results for a number of hGH mutants, selected by different pathways (
FIG. 6 ) are shown in Table VII. Many of these mutants have a tighter binding affinity for hGHbp than wild-type hGH. The most improved mutant, KSYR (SEQ ID NO:84), has a binding affinity 5.6 times greater than that of wild-type hGH. The weakest selected mutant, among those assayed was only about 10-fold lower in binding affinity than hGH. - Binding assays may be carried out for mutants selected for hPRLbp-binding.
-
TABLE VII Competitive binding to hGHbp Mutant Kd (nM) Kd(mut)/Kd(hGH) Pool KSYR (6) (SEQ ID NO: 84) 0.06 + 0.01 0.18 1G, 3G RSFR (SEQ ID NO: 85) 0.10 + 0.05 0.30 3G RAYR (SEQ ID NO: 86) 0.13 + 0.04 0.37 3* KTYK (2) (SEQ ID NO: 87) 0.16 + 0.04 0.47 H, 3G RSYR (3) (SEQ ID NO: 88) 0.20 + 0.07 0.58 1G, 3H, 3G KAYR (3) (SEQ ID NO: 89) 0.22 + 0.03 0.66 3G RFFR (2) (SEQ ID NO: 90) 0.26 + 0.05 0.76 3H KQYR (SEQ ID NO: 91) 0.33 + 0.03 1.0 3G KEFR = wt (9) 0.34 + 0.05 1.0 3H, 3G, 3* RTYH (SEQ ID NO: 92) 0.68 + 0.17 2.0 3H QRYR (SEQ ID NO: 93) 0.83 + 0.14 2.5 3* KKYK (SEQ ID NO: 94) 1.1 + 0.4 3.2 3* RSFS (2) (SEQ ID NO: 95) 1.1 + 0.2 3.3 3G, * KSNR (SEQ ID NO: 96) 3.1 + 0.4 9.2 3* The selected pool in which each mutant was found is indicated as 1G (first glycine selection), 3G (third glycine selection), 3H (third hGH selection), 3* (third selection, not binding to hPRLbp, but binding to hGHbp). The number of times each mutant occurred among all sequenced clones is shown ( ). - At some residues, substitution of a particular amino acid has essentially the same effect independent of surrounding residues. For example, substitution of F176Y in the background of 172R/174S reduces binding affinity by 2.0-fold (RSFR (SEQ ID NO:85) vs. RSYR (SEQ ID NO:88)). Similarly, in the background of 172K/174A the binding affinity of the F176Y mutant (KAYR (SEQ ID NO:89)) is 2.9-fold weaker than the corresponding 176F mutant (KAFR; Cunningham and Wells, 1989).
- On the other hand, the binding constants determined for several selected mutants of hGH demonstrate non-additive effects of some amino acid substitutions at
residues - Such non-additive effects on binding for substitutions at proximal residues illustrate the utility of protein-phage binding selection as a means of selecting optimized mutants from a library randomized at several positions. In the absence of detailed structural information, without such a selection process, many combinations of substitutions might be tried before finding the optimum mutant.
- Using the methods described in Example VIII, we targeted another region of hGH involved in binding to the hGHbp and/or hPRLbp,
helix 1residues - We chose to use the “amber” hGH-g3 construct (called phGHam-g3p) because it appears to make the target protein, hGH, more accessible for binding. This is supported by data from comparative ELISA assays of monoclonal antibody binding. Phage produced from both pS0132 (S. Bass, R. Greene, J. A. Wells,
Proteins 8, 309 (1990)) and phGHam-g3 were tested with three antibodies (Medix 2, 1B5.G2, and 5B7.C10) that are known to have binding determinants near the carboxyl-terminus of hGH [B. C. Cunningham, P. Jhurani, P. Ng, J. A. Wells, Science 243, 1330 (1989); B. C. Cunningham and J. A. Wells, Science 244, 1081 (1989); L. Jin and J. Wells, unpublished results], and one antibody (Medix 1) that recognizes determinants inhelices 1 and 3 ([B. C. Cunningham, P. Jhurani, P. Ng, J. A. Wells, Science 243, 1330 (1989); B. C. Cunningham and J. A. Wells, Science 244, 1081 (1989)]). Phagemid particles from phGHam-g3 reacted much more strongly withantibodies Medix 2, 1B5.G2, and 5B7.C10 than did phagemid particles from pS0132. In particular, binding of pS0132 particles was reduced by >2000-fold for bothMedix 2 and 5B7.C10 and reduced by >25-fold for 1B5.G2 compared to binding toMedix 1. On the other hand, binding of phGHam-g3 phage was weaker by only about 1.5-fold, 1.2-fold, and 2.3-fold for theMedix 2, 1B5.G2, and 5B7.C10 antibodies, respectively, compared with binding toMEDIX 1. - We mutated residues in
helix 1 that were previously identified by alanine-scanning mutagenesis [B. C. Cunningham, P. Jhurani, P. Ng, J. A. Wells, Science 243, 1330 (1989); B. C. Cunningham and J. A. Wells, Science 244, 1081 (1989), 15, 16) to modulate the binding of the extracellular domains of the hGH and/or hPRL receptors (called hGHbp and hPRLbp, respectively). Cassette mutagenesis was carried out essentially as described [J. A. Wells, M. Vasser, D. B. Powers, Gene 34, 315 (1985)]. This library was constructed by cassette mutagenesis that fully mutated four residues at a time (see Example VIII) which utilized a mutated version of phGHam-g3 into which unique KpnI (at hGH codon 27) and XhoI (at hGH codon 6) restriction sites (underlined below) had been inserted by mutagenesis [T. A. Kunkel, J. D. Roberts, R. A. Zakour, Methods Enzymol. 154, 367-382] with theoligonucleotides 5′-GCC TTT GAC AGG TAC CAG GAG TTT G-3′ (SEQ ID NO:18) and 5′-CCA ACT ATA CCA CTC TCG AGG TCT ATT CGA TAA C-3′ (SEQ ID NO:19), respectively. The later oligo also introduced a +1 frameshift (italicized) to terminate translation from the starting vector and minimize wild-type background in the phagemid library. This strating vector was designated pH0508B. Thehelix 1 library, whichmutated hGH residues complementary oligonucleotides 5′-pTCG AGG CTC NNS GAC AAC GCG NNS CTG CGT GCT NNS CGT CTT NNS CAG CTG GCC TTT GAC ACG TAC-3′ (SEQ ID NO:20) and 5′-pGT GTC AAA GGC CAG CTG SNN AAG ACG SNN AGC ACG CAG SNN CGC GTT GTC SNN GAG CC-3′ (SEQ ID NO:21). The KpnI site was destroyed in the junction of the ligation product so that restriction enzyme digestion could be used for analysis of non-mutated background. - The library contained at least 107 independent transformants so that if the library were absolutely random (106 different combinations of codons) we would have an average of about 10 copies of each possible mutated hGH gene. Restriction analysis using KpnI indicated that at least 80% of
helix 1 library constructs contained the inserted cassette. - Binding enrichments of hGH-phage from the libraries was carried out using hGHbp immobilized on oxirane-polyacrylamide beads (Sigma Chemical Co.) as described (Example VIII). Four residues in helix 1 (F10, M14, H18, and H21) were similarly mutated and after 4 and 6 cycles a non-wild-type consensus developed (Table VIII).
Position 10 on the hydrophobic face ofhelix 1 tended to be hydrophobic whereaspositions 21 and 18 on the hydrophillic face tended were dominated by Asn; no obvious consensus was evident for position 14 (Table IX). - The binding constants for these mutants of hGH to hGHbp was determined by expressing the free hormone variants in the non-suppressor E. coli strain 16C9, purifying the protein, and assaying by competitive displacement of labelled wt-hGH from hGHbp (see Example VIII). As indicated, several mutants bind tighter to hGHbp than does wt-hGH.
-
TABLE VIII Selection of hGH helix 1 mutantsGly elution F10 M14 H18 H21 4 Cycles H G N N A W D N (2) Y T V N I N I N L N S H F S F G 6 Cycles H G N N (6) F S F L Consensus: H G N N Variants of hGH (randomly mutated at residues F10, M14, H18, H21) expressed on phagemid particles were selected by binding to hGHbp-beads and eluting with hGH (0.4 mM) buffer followed by glycine (0.2 M, pH 2) buffer(see Example VIII). -
TABLE IX Consensus sequences from the selected helix 1 libraryObserved frequency is fraction of all clones sequenced with the indicated amino acid. The nominal frequency is calculated on the basis of NNS 32 codon degeneracy. The maximal enrichment factor varies from 11 to 32 depending upon the nominal frequency value for a given residue. Values of [Kd(Ala mut)/Kd(wt hGH)] for single alanine mutations were taken from B. C. Cunningham and J. A. Wells, Science 244, 1081 (1989); B. C. Cunningham, D. J. Henner, J. A. Wells, Science 247, 1461 (1990); B. C. Cunningham and J. A. Wells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 3407 (1991). Wild type residue Selected residue Frequency observed nominal Enrich- ment F10 5.9 H 0.50 0.031 17 F 0.14 0.031 5 A 0.14 0.062 2 M14 2.2 G 0.50 0.062 8 W 0.14 0.031 5 N 0.14 0.031 5 S 0.14 0.093 2 H18 1.6 N 0.50 0.031 17 D 0.14 0.031 5 F 0.14 0.031 5 H21 0.33 N 0.79 0.031 26 H 0.07 0.031 2 -
TABLE X Binding of purified hGH helix 1 mutants to hGHbp Sequence position 10 14 18 21 P Kd (nM\f(Kd mut) Kd(Wt hGH)) H G N N 0.50 0.14 ± 0.04 0.42 A W D N 0.14 0.10 ± 0.03 0.30 wt= F M H H 0 0.34 ± 0.05 (1) F S F L 0.07 0.68 ± 0.19 2.0 Y T V N 0.07 0.75 ± 0.19 2.2 L N S H 0.07 0.82 ± 0.20 2.4 I N I N 0.07 1.2 ± 0.31 3.4 Competition binding experiments were performed using [125I] hGH (wild-type), hGHbp (containing the extracellular receptor domain, residues 1-238), and Mab263 [B. C. Cunningham, P. Jhurani, P. Ng, J. A. Wells, Science 243, 1330 (1989)];. The number P indicates the fractional occurrence of each mutant among all the clones sequenced after one or more rounds of selection. - Design of Mutant Proteins with Improved Binding Properties by Iterative Selection Using Hormone-Phage
- Our experience with recruiting non-binding homologs of hGH evolutionary variants suggests that many individual amino acid substitutions can be combined to yield cumulatively improved mutants of hGH with respect to binding a particular receptor [B. C. Cunningham, D. J. Henner, J. A. Wells, Science 247, 1461 (1990); B. C. Cunningham and J. A. Wells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 3407 (1991); H. B. Lowman, B. C. Cunningham, J. A. Wells, J. Biol. Chem. 266, in press (1991)].
- The helix 4b library was constructed in an attempt to further improve the
helix 4 double mutant (E174S/F176Y) selected from the helix 4a library that we found bound tighter to the hGH receptor (see Example VIII). With the E174S/F176Y hGH mutant as the background starting hormone, residues were mutated that surroundedpositions - Cassette mutagenesis was carried out essentially as described [J. A. Wells, M. Vasser, D. B. Powers, Gene 34, 315 (1985)]. The helix 4b library, which
mutated residues complementary oligonucleotides 5′-pG TTA CTC TAC TGC TTC NNS AAG GAC ATG NNS AAG GTC AGC NNS TAC CTG CGC NNS GTG CAG TGC A-3′ (SEQ ID NO:22) and 5′-pGA TCT GCA CTG CAC SNN GCG CAG GTA SNN GCT GAC CTT SNN CAT GTC CTT SNN GAA GCA GTA GA-3′ (SEQ ID NO:23). The BstEII site was eliminated in the ligated cassette. From the helix 4b library, 15 unselected clones were sequenced. Of these, none lacked a cassette insert, 20% were frame-shifted, and 7% had a non-silent mutation. - Results of hGHbp Enrichment
- Binding enrichments of hGH-phage from the libraries was carried out using hGHbp immobilized on oxirane-polyacrylamide beads (Sigma Chemical Co.) as described (Example VIII). After 6 cycles of binding a reasonably clear consensus developed (Table XI). Interestingly, all positions tended to contain polar residues, notably Ser, Thr and Asn (XII).
- The binding constants for some of these mutants of hGH to hGHbp was determined by expressing the free hormone variants in the non-suppressor E. coli strain 16C9, purifying the protein, and assaying by competitive displacement of labelled wt-hGH from hGHbp (see Example VIII). As indicated, the binding affinities of several helix-4b mutants for hGHbp were tighter than that of wt-hGH Table XIII).
- Finally, we have begun to analyze the binding affinity of several of the tighter hGHbp binding mutants for their ability to bind to the hPRLbp. The E174S/F176Y mutant binds 200-fold weaker to the hPRLbp than hGH. The E174T/F176Y/R178K and R167N/D171S/E174S/F176Y/I179T mutants each bind >500-fold weaker to the hPRLbp than hGH. Thus, it is possible to use the produce new receptor selective mutants of hGH by phage display technology.
- Of the 12 residues mutated in three hGH-phagemid libraries (Examples VIII, IX, X), 4 showed a strong, although not exclusive, conservation of the wild-type residues (K172, T175, F176, and R178). Not surprisingly, these were residues that when converted to Ala caused the largest disruptions (4- to 60-fold) in binding affinity to the hGHbp. There was a class of 4 other residues (F10, M14, D171, and I179) where Ala substitutions caused weaker effects on binding (2- to 7-fold) and these positions exhibited little wild-type consensus. Finally the other 4 residues (H18, H21, R167, and E174), that promote binding to the hPRLbp but not the hGHbp, did not exhibit any consensus for the wild-type hGH sequence by selection on hGHbp-beads. In fact two residues (E174 and H21), where Ala substitutions enhance binding affinity to the hGHbp by 2- to 4-fold [B. C. Cunningham, P. Jhurani, P. Ng, J. A. Wells, Science 243, 1330 (1989); B. C. Cunningham and J. A. Wells, Science 244, 1081 (1989); B. C. Cunningham, D. J. Henner, J. A. Wells, Science 247, 1461 (1990); B. C. Cunningham and J. A. Wells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 3407 (1991)]. Thus, the alanine-scanning mutagenesis data correlates reasonably well with the flexibility to substitute each position. In fact, the reduction in binding affinity caused by alanine substitutions [B. C. Cunningham, P. Jhurani, P. Ng, J. A. Wells, Science 243, 1330 (1989); B. C. Cunningham and J. A. Wells, Science 244, 1081 (1989)], B. C. Cunningham, D. J. Henner, J. A. Wells, Science 247, 1461 (1990); B. C. Cunningham and J. A. Wells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 3407 (1991)] is a reasonable predictor of the percentage that the wild-type residue is found in the phagemid pool after 3-6 rounds of selection. The alanine-scanning information is useful for targeting side-chains that modulate binding, and the phage selection is appropriate for optimizing them and defining the flexibility of each site (and/or combinations of sites) for substitution. The combination of scanning mutational methods [B. C. Cunningham, P. Jhurani, P. Ng, J. A. Wells, Science 243, 1330 (1989); B. C. Cunningham and J. A. Wells, Science 244, 1081 (1989)] and phage display is a powerful approach to designing receptor-ligand interfaces and studying molecular evolution in vitro.
- In cases where combined mutations in hGH have additive effects on binding affinity to receptor, mutations learned through hormone-phagemid enrichment to improve binding can be combined by simple cutting and ligation of restriction fragments or mutagenesis to yield cumulatively optimized mutants of hGH.
- On the other hand, mutations in one region of hGH which optimize receptor binding may be structurally or functionally incompatible with mutations in an overlapping or another region of the molecule. In these cases, hormone phagemid enrichment can be carried out by one of several variations on the iterative enrichment approach (1) random DNA libraries can be generated in each of two (or perhaps more) regions of the molecule by cassette or another mutagenesis method. Thereafter, a combined library can be created by ligation of restriction fragments from the two DNA libraries; (2) an hGH variant, optimized for binding by mutation in one region of the molecule, can be randomly mutated in a second region of the molecule as in the helix-4b library example; (3) two or more random libraries can be partially selected for improved binding by hormone-phagemid enrichment; after this “roughing-in” of the optimized binding site, the still-partially-diverse libraries can be recombined by ligation of restriction fragments to generate a single library, partially diverse in two or more regions of the molecules, which in turn can be further selected for optimized binding using hormone-phagemid enrichment.
-
TABLE XI Mutant phagemids of hGH selected from helix 4b library after 4 and 6 cycles of enrichment. R167 D171 T175 1179 4 Cycles N S T T K S T T S N T T D S T T D S T T+ D S A T D S A N T D T T N D T N A N T N A S T T 6 Cycles N S T T (2) N N T T N S T Q D S S T E S T I K S T L Consensus: N S T T D N Selection of hGH helix4b mutants (randomly mutated at residues One mutant (+) contained the spurious mutation R178H. -
TABLE XII Consensus sequences from the selected library. Observed frequency is fraction of all clones sequenced with the indicated amino acid. The nominal frequency is calculated on the basis of NNS 32 codon degeneracy. The maximal enrichment factor varies from 11 to 16 to 32 depending upon the nominal frequency value for a given residue. Values of [Kd(Ala mut)/Kd(wt hGH)] for single alanine mutations were taken from refs. below; for position 175 we only have a value for theT175S mutant [B. C. Cunningham, P. Jhurani, P. Ng, J. A. Wells, Science 243, 1330 (1989); B. C. Cunningham and J. A. Wells, Science 244, 1081 (1989); B. C. Cunningham, D. J. Henner, J. A. Wells, Science 247, 1461 (1990); B. C. Cunningham and J. A. Wells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 3407 (1991).]. Wild type residue Selected residue Frequency observed nominal Enrich- ment R167 0.75 N 0.35 0.031 11 D 0.24 0.031 8 K 0.12 0.031 4 A 0.12 0.062 2 D171 7.1 S 0.76 0.093 8 N 0.18 0.031 6 D 0.12 0.031 4 T175 3.5 T 0.88 0.062 14 A 0.12 0.031 4 I179 2.7 T 0.71 0.062 11 N 0.18 0.031 6 -
TABLE XIII Binding of purified hGH mutants to hGHbp. Sequence position * * * * Kd(Ala mut) 167 171 175 179 F Kd (nM) Kd(wt hGH) N S T T 0.18 0.04 ± 0.02 0.12 E S T I 0.06 0.04 ± 0.02 0.12 K S T L 0.06 0.05 ± 0.03 0.16 N N T T 0.06 0.06 ± 0.03 0.17 R D T I 0 0.06 ± 0.01 (0.18) N S T Q 0.06 0.26 ± 0.11 0.77 Competition binding experiments were performed using [125I]hGH (wild-type), hGHbp (containing the extracellular receptor domain, residues 1-238), and Mab263 (11). The number P indicates the fractional occurrence of each mutant among all the clones sequenced after one or more rounds of selection. Note that the helix 4b mutations (*) are in the background of hGH(E174S/F176Y). In the list of helix 4b mutants,, the E174S/F176Y mutant (*), with wt residues at 167, 171, 175, 179, is shown in bold. - Plasmid pDH 188 contains the DNA encoding the Fab portion of a humanized IgG antibody, called 4D5, that recognizes the HER-2 receptor. This plasmid is contained in E. coli strain SR 101, and has been deposited with the ATCC in Rockville, Md.
- Briefly, the plasmid was prepared as follows: the starting plasmid was pS0132, containing the alkaline phosphatase promoter as described above. The DNA encoding human growth hormone was excised and, after a series of manipulations to make the ends of the plasmid compatible for ligation, the DNA encoding 4D5 was inserted. The 4D5 DNA contains two genes. The first gene encodes the variable and constant regions of the light chain, and contains at its 5′ end the DNA encoding the st II signal sequence. The second gene contains four portions: first, at its 5′ end is the DNA encoding the st II signal sequence. This is followed by the DNA encoding the variable domain of the heavy chain, which is followed by the DNA encoding the first domain of the heavy chain constant region, which in turn is followed by the DNA encoding the M13 gene III. The salient features of this construct are shown in
FIG. 10 . The sequence of the DNA encoding 4D5 is shown inFIG. 11 . - E. coli Transformation and Phage Production.
- Both polyethylene glycol (PEG) and electroporation were used to transform plasmids into SR101 cells. (PEG competent cells were prepared and transformed according to the method of Chung and Miller (Nucleic Acids Res. 16:3580 [1988]). Cells that were competent for electroporation were prepared, and subsequently transformed via electroporation according to the method of Zabarovsky and Winberg (Nucleic Acids Res. 18:5912 [1990]). After placing the cells in 1 ml of the SOC media (described in Sambrook et al., supra), they were grown for 1 hour at 37° C. with shaking. At this time, the concentration of the cells was determined using light scattering at OD600. A titered KO7 phage stock was added to achieve an multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100, and the phage were allowed to adhere to the cells for 20 minutes at room temperature. This mixture was then diluted into 25 mls of 2YT broth (described in Sambrook et al., supra) and incubated with shaking at 37° C. overnight. The next day, cells were pelleted by centrifugation at 5000×g for 10 minutes, the supernatant was collected, and the phage particles were precipitated with 0.5 M NaCl and 4% PEG (final concentration) at room temperature for 10 minutes. Phage particles were pelleted by centrifugation at 10,000×g for 10 minutes, resuspended in 1 ml of TEN (10 mM Tris, pH 7.6, 1 mM EDTA, and 150 mM NaCl), and stored at 4° C.
- Aliquots of 0.5 ml from a solution of 0.1 mg/ml of the extra-cellular domain of the HER-2 antigen (ECD) or a solution of 0.5 mg/ml of BSA (control antigen) in 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate, pH 8.5 were used to coat one well of a Falcon 12 well tissue culture plate. Once the solution was applied to the wells, the plates were incubated at 4° C. on a rocking platform overnight. The plates were then blocked by removing the initial solution, applying 0.5 ml of blocking buffer (30 mg/ml BSA in 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate), and incubating at room temperature for one hour. Finally, the blocking buffer was removed, 1 ml of buffer A (PBS, 0.5% BSA, and 0.05% Tween-20) was added, and the plates were stored up to 10 days at 4° C. before being used for phage selection.
- Approximately 109 phage particles were mixed with a 100-fold excess of KO7 helper phage and 1 ml of buffer A. This mixture was divided into two 0.5 ml aliquots; one of which was applied to ECD coated wells, and the other was applied to BSA coated wells. The plates were incubated at room temperature while shaking for one to three hours, and were then washed three times over a period of 30 minutes with 1 ml aliquots of buffer A. Elution of the phage from the plates was done at room temperature by one of two methods: 1) an initial overnight incubation of 0.025 mg/ml purified Mu4D5 antibody (murine) followed by a 30 minute incubation with 0.4 ml of the acid elution buffer (0.2 M glycine, pH 2.1, 0.5% BSA, and 0.05% Tween-20), or 2) an incubation with the acid elution buffer alone. Eluates were then neutralized with 1 M Tris base, and a 0.5 ml aliquot of TEN was added. These samples were then propagated, titered, and stored at 4° C.
- Aliquots of eluted phage were added to 0.4 ml of 2YT broth and mixed with approximately 108 mid-log phase male E. coli strain SR101. Phage were allowed to adhere to the cells for 20 minutes at room temperature and then added to 5 ml of 2YT broth that contained 50 μg/ml of carbenicillin and 5 μg/ml of tetracycline. These cells were grown at 37° C. for 4 to 8 hours until they reached mid-log phase. The OD600 was determined, and the cells were superinfected with KO7 helper phage for phage production. Once phage particles were obtained, they were titered in order to determine the number of colony forming units (cfu). This was done by taking aliquots of serial dilutions of a given phage stock, allowing them to infect mid-log phase SR101, and plating on LB plates containing 50 υg/ml carbenicillin.
- The affinity of h4D5 Fab fragments and Fab phage for the ECD antigen was determined using a competitive receptor binding RIA (Burt, D. R., Receptor Binding in Drug Research. O'Brien, R. A. (Ed.). pp. 3-29, Dekker, New York [1986]). The ECD antigen was labeled with 125-Iodine using the sequential chloramine-T method (De Larco, J. E. et al., J. Cell. Physiol. 109:143-152 [1981]) which produced a radioactive tracer with a specific activity of 14 μCi/μg and incorporation of 0.47 moles of Iodine per mole of receptor. A series of 0.2 ml solutions containing 0.5 ng (by ELISA) of Fab or Fab phage, 50 nCi of 125I ECD tracer, and a range of unlabeled ECD amounts (6.4 ng to 3277 ng) were prepared and incubated at room temperature overnight. The labeled ECD-Fab or ECD-Fab phage complex was separated from the unbound labeled antigen by forming an aggregate complex induced by the addition of an anti-human IgG (Fitzgerald 40-GH23) and 6% PEG 8000. The complex was pelleted by centrifugation (15,000×g for 20 minutes) and the amount of labeled ECD (in cpm) was determined by a gamma counter. The dissociation constant (Kd) was calculated by employing a modified version of the program LIGAND (Munson, P. and Rothbard, D., Anal. Biochem. 107:220-239 [1980]) which utilizes Scatchard analysis (Scatchard, G., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 51:660-672 [1949]). The Kd values are shown in
FIG. 13 . - Murine 4D5 antibody was labeled with 125-I to a specific activity of 40-50 μCi/μg using the Iodogen procedure. Solutions containing a constant amount of labeled antibody and increasing amounts of unlabeled variant Fab were prepared and added to near confluent cultures of SK-BR-3 cells grown in 96-well microtiter dishes (final concentration of labeled antibody was 0.1 nM). After an overnight incubation at 4° C., the supernatant was removed, the cells were washed and the cell associated radioactivity was determined in a gamma counter. Kd values were determined by analyzing the data using a modified version of the program LIGAND (Munson, P. and Rothbard, D., supra)
- This deposit of plasmid pDH188 ATCC no. 68663 was made under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purpose of Patent Procedure and the Regulations thereunder (Budapest Treaty). This assures maintenance of a viable culture for 30 years from the date of deposit. The organisms will be made available by ATCC under the terms of the Budapest Treaty, and subject to an agreement between Genentech, Inc. and ATCC, which assures permanent and unrestricted availability of the progeny of the cultures to the public upon issuance of the pertinent U.S. patent or upon laying open to the public of any U.S. or foreign patent application, whichever comes first, and assures availability of the progeny to one determined by the U.S. Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks to be entitled thereto according to 35 USC §122 and the Commissioner's rules pursuant thereto (including 37 CFR §1.14 with particular reference to 886 OG 638).
- The assignee of the present application has agreed that if the cultures on deposit should die or be lost or destroyed when cultivated under suitable conditions, they will be promptly replaced on notification with a viable specimen of the same culture. Availability of the deposited cultures is not to be construed as a license to practice the invention in contravention of the rights granted under the authority of any government in accordance with its patent laws.
- The foregoing written specification is considered to be sufficient to enable one skilled in the art to practice the invention. The present invention is not to be limited in scope by the cultures deposited, since the deposited embodiments are intended as separate illustrations of certain aspects of the invention and any cultures that are functionally equivalent are within the scope of this invention. The deposit of material herein does not constitute an admission that the written description herein contained is inadequate to enable the practice of any aspect of the invention, including the best mode thereof, nor is it to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims to the specific illustrations that it represents. Indeed, various modifications of the invention in addition to those shown and described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and fall within the scope of the appended claims.
- While the invention has necessarily been described in conjunction with preferred embodiments, one of ordinary skill, after reading the foregoing specification, will be able to effect various changes, substitutions of equivalents, and alterations to the subject matter set forth herein, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Hence, the invention can be practiced in ways other than those specifically described herein. It is therefore intended that the protection granted by Letters Patent hereon be limited only by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
- According to additivity principles [J. A. Wells, Biochemistry 29, 8509 (1990)], mutations in different parts of a protein, if they are not mutually interacting, are expected to combine to produce additive changes in the free energy of binding to another molecule (changes are additive in terms of ΔΔGbinding, or multiplicative in terms of Kd=exp[−ΔG/RT]). Thus a mutation producing a 2-fold increase in binding affinity, when combined with a second mutation causing a 3-fold increase, would be predicted to yield a double mutant with a 6-fold increased affinity over the starting variant.
- To test whether multiple mutations obtained from hGH-phage selections would produce cumulatively favorable effects on hGHbp (hGH-binding protein; the extracellular domain of the hGH receptor) binding, we combined mutations found in the three tightest-binding variants of hGH from the helix-1 library (Example IX: F10A/M14W/H18D/H21N, F10H/M14G/H18N/H21N, and F10F/M14S/H18F/H21L) with those found in the three tightest binding variants found in the helix-4b library (Example X: R167N/D171S/T175/I179T, R167E/D171S/T175/I179, and R167N/D171N/T175/I179T).
- hGH-phagemid double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) from each of the one-helix variants was isolated and digested with the restriction enzymes EcoRI and BstXI. The large fragment from each helix-4b variant was then isolated and ligated with the small fragment from each helix-1 variant to yield the new two-helix variants shown in Table XIII. All of these variants also contained the mutations E174S/F176Y obtained in earlier hGH-phage binding selections (see Example X for details).
- Although additivity principles appear to hold for a number of combinations of mutations, some combinations (e.g. E174S with F176Y) are clearly non-additive (see examples VIII and X). In order to identify with certainty the tightest binding variant with, for example, 4 mutations in helix-1 and 4 mutations in helix-4, one would ideally mutate all 8 residues at once and then sort the pool for the globally tightest binding variant. However, such a pool would consist of 1.1×1012 DNA sequences (utilizing NNS codon degeneracy) encoding 2.6×1010 different polypeptides. Obtaining a random phagemid library large enough to assure representation of all variants (perhaps 1013 transformants) is not practical using current transformation technology.
- We have addressed this difficulty first by utilizing successive rounds of mutagenesis, taking the tightest binding variant from one library, then mutating other residues to further improve binding (Example X). In a second method, we have utilized the principle of additivity to combine the best mutations from two independently sorted libraries to create multiple mutants with improved binding (described above). Here, we further searched through the possible combinations of mutations at
positions helix 1 library (independently sorted for 0, 2, or 4 cycles; Example IX) and the pool from the helix-4b library (independently sorted for 0, 2, or 4 cycles; Example X) and sorted the combined variant pool for hGHbp binding. Since some amount of sequence diversity exists in each of these pools, the resulting combinatorial library can explore more sequence combinations than what we might construct manually (e.g. Table XIII). - hGH-phagemid double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) from each of the one-helix library pools (selected for 0, 2, or 4 rounds) was isolated and digested with the restriction enzymes AccI and BstXI. The large fragment from each helix-1 variant pool was then isolated and ligated with the small fragment from each helix-4b variant pool to yield the three combinatorial libraries pH0707A (unselected
helix 1 and helix 4b pools, as described in examples IX and X), pH0707B (twice-selected helix-1 pool with twice-selected helix-4b pool), and pH0707C (4-times selected helix-1 pool with 4-times selected helix-4b pool). Duplicate ligations were also set up with less DNA and designated as pH0707D, pH0707E, and pH0707F, corresponding to the 0-, 2-, and 4-round starting libraries respectively. All of these variant pools also contained the mutations E174S/F176Y obtained in earlier hGH-phage binding selections (see Example X for details). - Sorting Combinatorial Libraries of hGH-Phage Variants
- The ligation products pH0707A-F were processed and electro-transformed into XL1-Blue cells as described (Example VIII). Based on colony-forming units (CFU), the number of transformants obtained from each pool was as follows: 2.4×106 from pH0707A, 1.8×106 from pH0707B, 1.6×106 from pH0707C, 8×105 from pH0707D, 3×105 from pH0707E, and 4×105 from pH0707F. hGH-phagemid particles were prepared and selected for hGHbp-binding over 2 to 7 cycles as described in Example VIII.
- Rapid Sorting of hGH-Phagemid Libraries
- In addition to sorting phagemid libraries for tight-binding protein variants, as measured by equilibrium binding affinity, it is of interest to sort for variants which are altered in either the on-rate (kon) or the off-rate (koff) of binding to a receptor or other molecule. From thermodynamics, these rates are related to the equilibrium dissociation constant, Kd=(koff/kon). We envision that certain variants of a particular protein have similar Kd's for binding while having very different kon's and koff's. Conversely, changes in Kd from one variant to another may be due to effects on kon, effects on koff, or both. The pharmacological properties of a protein may be dependent on binding affinity or on kon or koff, depending on the detailed mechanism of action. Here, we sought to identify hGH variants with higher on-rates to investigate the effects of changes in kon. We envision that the selection could alternatively be weighted toward koff by increasing the binding time and increasing the wash time and/or concentration with cognate ligand (hGH).
- From time-course analysis of wild-type hGH-phagemid binding to immobilized hGHbp, it appears that, of the total hGH-phagemid particles that can be eluted in the
final pH 2 wash (see Example VIII for the complete binding and elution protocol), less than 10% are bound after 1 minute of incubation, while greater than 90% are bound after 15 minutes of incubation. - For “rapid-binding selection,” phagemid particles from the pH0707B pool (twice-selected for
helices - The binding constants for some of these mutants of hGH to hGHbp was determined by expressing the free hormone variants in the non-suppressor E. coli strain 16C9 or 34B8, purifying the protein, and assaying by competitive displacement of labelled wt-hGH from hGHbp (see Example VIII) in a radio-immunoprecipitation assay. In Table XIII below, all the variants have glutamate174 replaced by serine174 and phenylalanine176 replaced by tyrosine176 (E174S and F1176Y) plus the additional substitutions as indicated at hGH amino acid positions 10, 14, 18, 21, 167, 171, 175 and 179.
-
TABLE XIII-A hGH variants from addition of helix-1 and helix-4b mutations wild- type residue Helix 1 Helix 4Variant F10 M14 H18 H21 R167 D171 T175 I179 H0650AD H G N N N S T T H0650AE H G N N E S T I H0650AF H G N N N N T T H0650BD A W D N N S T T H0650BE A W D N E S T I H06508F A W D N N N T T H0650CD F S F L N S T T H0650CD F S F L E S T I H0650CD F S F L N N T T - In Table XIV below, hGH variants were selected from combinatorial libraries by the phagemid binding selection process. All hGH variants in Table XIV contain two background mutations (E174S/F176Y). hGH-phagemid pools from the libraries pH0707A (Part A), pH0707B and pH0707E (Part B), or pH0707C (Part C) were sorted for 2 to 7 cycles for binding to hGHbp. The number P indicates the fractional occurrence of each variant type among the set of clones sequenced from each pool.
-
TABLE XIV hGH variants from hormone-phagemid binding selection of combinatorial libraries. wild-type residue: Helix 1 Helix 4 P Variant F10 M14 H18 H21 R167 D171 T175 I179 Part A: 4 cycles: 0.60 H0714A.1 H G N N N S T N 0.40 H0714A.4 A N D A N N T N* Part B: 2 cycles: 0.13 H0712B.1 F S F G H S T T 0.13 H0712B.2 H Q T S A D N S 0.13 H0712B.4 H G N N N A T T 0.13 H07128.5 F S F L S D T T 0.13 H07128.6 A S T N R D T I 0.13 H0712B.7 Q Y N N H S T T 0.13 H0712B.8 W G S S R D T I 0.13 H0712E.1 F L S S K N T V 0.13 H0712E.2 W N N S H S T T 0.13 H0712E.3 A N A S N S T T 0.13 H0712E.4 P S D N R D T I 0.13 H0712E.5 H G N N N N T S 0.13 H0712E.6 F S T G R D T I 0.13 H0712E.7 M T S N Q S T T 0.13 H0712E.8 F S F L T S T S 4 cycles: 0.17 H0714B.1 A W D N R D T I 0.17 H0714B.2 A W D N H S T N 0.17 H0714B.3 M Q M N N S T T 0.17 H0714B.4 H Y D H R D T T 0.17 H0714B.5 L N S H R D T I 0.17 H0714B.6 L N S H T S T T 7 cycles: 0.57 H0717B.1 A W D N N A T T 0.14 H0717B.2 F S T G R D T I 0.14 H0717B.6 A W D N R D T I 0.14 H0717B.7 I Q E H N S T T 0.50 H0717E.1 F S L A N S T V Part C: 4 cycles: 0.67 H0714C.2 F S F L K D T T * = also contained the mutations L15R, K168R. - In Table XV below, hGH variants were selected from combinatorial libraries by the phagemid binding selection process. All hGH variants in Table XV contain two background mutations (E174S/F176Y). The number P is the fractional occurrence of a given variant among all clones sequenced after 4 cycles of rapid-binding selection.
-
TABLE XV hGH variants from RAPID hGHbp binding selection of an hGH- phagemid combinatorial library wild-type residue: Helix 1Helix 4 P Variant F10 M14 H18 H21 R167 D171 T175 I179 0.14 H07BF4.2 W G S S R D T I 0.57 H07BF4.3 M A D N N S T T 0.14 H07BF4.6 A W D N S S V T‡ 0.14 H076F4.7 H D T S R D T I ‡= also contained the mutation Y176F (wild-type hGH also contains F176). - In table XVI below, binding constants were measured by competitive displacement of 125I-labelled hormone H0650BD or labelled hGH using hGHbp (1-238) and either Mab5 or Mab263. The variant H0650BD appears bind more than 30-fold tighter than wild-type hGH.
-
TABLE XVI Equilibrium binding constants of selected hGH variants. hGH Kd(variant) Kd(variant) Variant Kd(H0650BD) Kd(hGH) Kd (pM) hGH 32 -1- 340 ± 50 H0650BD -1- 0.031 10 ± 3 H0650BF 1.5 0.045 15 ± 5 H0714B.6 3.4 0.099 34 ± 19 H0712B.7 7.4 0.22 74 ± 30 H0712E.2 16 0.48 60 ± 70 - As described in Example I, the plasmid pS0132 contains the gene for hGH fused to the residue Pro198 of the gene III protein with the insertion of an extra glycine residue. This plasmid may be used to produce hGH-phage particles in which the hGH-gene III fusion product is displayed monovalently on the phage surface (Example IV). The fusion protein comprises the entire hGH protein fused to the carboxy terminal domain of gene III via a flexible linker sequence.
- To investigate the feasibility of using phage display technology to select favourable substrate sequences for a given proteolytic enzyme, a genetically engineered variant of subtilisin BPN′ was used. (Carter, P. et al., Proteins: Structure, function and genetics 6:240-248 (1989)). This variant (hereafter referred to as A64SAL subtilisin) contains the following mutations: Ser24Cys, His64Ala, Glu156Ser, Gly169Ala and Tyr217Leu. Since this enzyme lacks the essential catalytic residue His64, its substrate specificity is greatly restricted so that certain histidine-containing substrates are preferentially hyrdrolysed (Carter et al., Science 237:394-399 (1987)).
- Construction of a hGH-Substrate-Phage Vector
- The sequence of the linker region in pS0132 was mutated to create a substrate sequence for A64SAL subtilisin, using the
oligonucleotide 5′-TTC-GGG-CCC-TTC-GCT-GCT-CAC-TAT-ACG-CGT-CAG-TCG-ACT-GAC-CTG-CCT-3′ (SEQ ID NO:27). This resulted in the introduction of the protein sequence Phe-Gly-Pro-Phe-Ala-Ala-His-Tyr-Thr-Arg-Gln-Ser-Thr-Asp (SEQ ID NO:107) in the linker region between hGH and the carboxy terminal domain of gene III, where the first Phe residue in the above sequence is Phe191 of hGH. The sequence Ala-Ala-His-Tyr-Thr-Agr-Gln (SEQ ID NO:97) is known to be a good substrate for A64SAL subtilisin (Carter et al (1989), supra). The resulting plasmid was designated pS0640. - Selective Enrichment of hGH-Substrate-Phage
- Phagemid particles derived from pS0132 and pS0640 were constructed as described in Example I. In initial experiments, a 10 μl aliquot of each phage pool was separately mixed with 30 μl of oxirane beads (prepared as described in Example II) in 100 μl of buffer comprising 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.6 and 2.5M NaCl. The binding and washing steps were performed as described in example VII. The beads were then resuspended in 400 μl of the same buffer, with or without 50 nM of A64SAL subtilisin. Following incubation for 10 minutes, the supernatants were collected and the phage titres (cfu) measured. Table XVII shows that approximately 10 times more substrate-containing phagemid particles (pS0640) were eluted in the presence of enzyme than in the absence of enzyme, or than in the case of the non-substrate phagemids (pS0132) in the presence or absence of enzyme. Increasing the enzyme, phagemid or bead concentrations did not improve this ratio.
- In an attempt to decrease the non-specific elution of immobilised phagemids, a tight-binding variant of hGH was introduced in place of the wild-type hGH gene in pS0132 and pS0640. The hGH variant used was as described in example XI (pH0650bd) and contains the mutations Phe10Ala, Met14Trp, His18Asp, His21Asn, Arg167Asn, Asp171Ser, Glu174Ser, Phe176Tyr and Ile179Thr. This resulted in the construction of two new phagemids: pDM0390 (containing tight-binding hGH and no substrate sequence) and pDM0411 (containing tight-binding hGH and the substrate sequence Ala-Ala-His-Tyr-Thr-Agr-Gln). The binding washing and elution protocol was also changed as follows:
- (i) Binding: COSTAR 12-well tissue culture plates were coated for 16 hours with 0.5 ml/well 2 ug/ml hGHbp in sodium carbonate buffer pH 10.0. The plates were then incubated with 1 ml/well of blocking buffer (phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.1% w/v bovine serum albumen) for 2 hours and washed in an assay buffer containing 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 1 mM EDTA and 100 mM NaCl. Phagemids were again prepared as described in Example I: the phage pool was diluted 1:4 in the above assay buffer and 0.5 ml of phage incubated per well for 2 hours.
- (ii) Washing: The plates were washed thoroughly with PBS+0.05
% Tween 20 and incubated for 30 minuted with 1 ml of this wash buffer. This washing step was repeated three times. - (iii) Elution: The plates were incubated for 10 minutes in an elution buffer consisting of 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.6+100 mM NaCl, then the phage were eluted with 0.5 ml of the above buffer with or without 500 nM of A64SAL subtilisin.
- Table XVII shows that there was a dramatic increase in the ratio of specifically eluted substrate-phagemid particles compared to the method previously described for pS0640 and pS0132. It is likely that this is due to the fact that the tight-binding hGH mutant has a significantly slower off-rate for binding to hGH binding protein compared to wild-type hGH.
-
TABLE XVII Specific elution of substrate-phagemids by A64SAL subtilisin phagemid +50 nM A64SAL no enzyme (i) Wild-type hGH gene: binding to hGHbp-oxirane beads pS0640 (substrate) 9 × 106 cfu/10 μl 1.5 × 106 cfu/10 μl pS0132 (non-sub- 6 × 105 cfu/10 μl 3 × 105 cfu/10 μl strate) (ii) pH0650bd mutant hGH gene: binding to hGHbp-coated plates pDM0411 (substrate) 1.7 × 105 cfu/10 μl 2 × 103 cfu/10 μl pDM0390 (non-sub- 2 × 103 cfu/10 μl 1 × 103 cfu/10 μl strate) Colony forming units (cfu) were estimated by plating out 10 μl of 10-fold dilutions of phage on 10 μl spots of XL-1 blue cells, on LB agar plates containing 50 μg/ml carbenicillinl - We sought to employ the selective enrichment procedure described in Example XIII to identify good substrate sequences from a library of random substrate sequences.
- We designed a vector suitable for introduction of randomised substrate cassettes. and subsequent expression of a library of substrate sequences. The starting point was the vector pS0643, described in Example VIII. Site-directed mutagenesis was carried out using the
oligonucleotide 5′-AGC-TGT-GGC-TTC-GGG-CCC-GCC-GCC-GCG-TCG-ACT-GGC-GGT-GGC-TCT-3′ (SEQ ID NO:28), which introduces ApaI (GGGCCC) and SalI (GTCGAC) restriction sites between hGH and Gene III. This new construct was designated pDM0253 (The actual sequence of pDM0253 is 5′-AGC-TGT-GGC-TTC-GGG-CCC-GCC-CCC-GCG-TCG-ACT-GGC-GGT-GGC-TCT-3′ (SEQ ID NO:29), where the underlined base substitution is due to a spurious error in the mutagenic oligonucleotide). In addition, the tight-binding hGH variant described in example was introduced by exchanging a fragment from pDM0411 (example XIII). The resulting library vector was designated pDM0454. - To introduce a library cassette, pDM0454 was digested with ApaI followed by SalI, then precipitated with 13% PEG 8000+10 mM MgCl2, washed twice in 70% ethanol and resuspended This efficiently precipitates the vector but leaves the small Apa-Sal fragment in solution (Paithankar, K. R. and Prasad, K. S. N., Nucleic Acids Research 19:1346). The product was run on a 1% agarose gel and the ApaI-SalI digested vector excised, purified using a Bandprep kit (Pharmacia) and resuspended for ligation with the mutagenic cassette.
- The cassette to be inserted contained a DNA sequence similar to that in the linker region of pS0640 and pDM0411, but with the codons for the histidine and tyrosine residues in the substrate sequence replaced by randomised codons. We chose to substitute NNS(N=G/A/T/C; S=G/C) at each of the randomised positions as described in example VIII. The oligonucleotides used in the mutagenic cassettes were: 5′-C-TTC-GCT-GCT-NNS-NNS-ACC-CGG-CAA-3′ (coding strand) (SEQ ID NO:30) and 5′-T-CGA-TTG-CCG-GGT-SNN-SNN-AGC-AGC-GAA-GGG-CC-3′ (non-coding strand) (SEQ ID NO:31). This cassette also destroys the SalI site, so that digestion with SalI may be used to reduce the vector background. The oligonucleotides were not phosphorylated before insertion into the Apa-Sal cassette site, as it was feared that subsequent oligomerisation of a small population of the cassettes may lead to spurious results with multiple cassette inserts. Following annealing and ligation, the reaction products were phenol:chloroform extracted, ethanol precipitated and resuspended in water. Initially, no digestion with SalI to reduce the background vector was performed. Approximately 200 ng was electroporated into XL-1 blue cells and a phagemid library was prepared as described in example VIII.
- Selection of Highly Cleavable Substrates from the Substrate Library
- The selection procedure used was identical to that described for pDM0411 and pDM0390 in example XIII. After each round of selection, the eluted phage were propagated by transducing a fresh culture of XL-1 blue cells and propagating a new phagemid library as described for hGH-phage in example VIII. The progress of the selection procedure was monitored by measuring eluted phage titres and by sequencing individual clones after each round of selection.
- Table A shows the successive phage titres for elution in the presence and absence of enzyme after 1, 2 and 3 rounds of selection.
- Clearly, the ratio of specifically eluted phage:non-specifically eluted phage (ie phage eluted with enzyme:phage eluted without enzyme) increases dramatically from
round 1 toround 3, suggesting that the population of good substrates is increasing with each round of selection. - Sequencing of 10 isolates from the starting library showed them all to consist of the wild-type pDM0464 sequence. This is attributed to the fact that after digestion with ApaI, the SalI site is very close to the end of the DNA fragment, thus leading to low efficiency of digestion. Nevertheless, there are only 400 possible sequences in the library, so this population should still be well represented.
- Tables B1 and B2 shows the sequences of isolates obtained after
round 2 andround 3 of selection. After 2 rounds of selection, there is clearly a high incidence of histidine residues. This is exactly what is expected: as described in example XIII, A64SAL subtilisin requires a histidine residue in the substrate as it employs a substrate-assisted catalytic mechanism. After 3 rounds of selection, each of the 10 clones sequenced has a histidine in the randomised cassette. Note, however, that 2 of the sequences are of pDM0411, which was not present in the starting library and is therefore a contaminant. -
TABLE A Titration of initial phage pools and eluted phage from 3 rounds of selective enrichment ROUND 1 Starting library: 3 × 1012 cfu/ml LIBRARY: +500 nM A64SAL 4 × 103 cfu/10 μl no enzyme 3 × 103 cfu/10 μl pDM0411: +500 nM A64SAL 2 × 106 cfu/10 μl (control) no enzyme 8 × 103 cfu/10 μl ROUND 2 Round 1 library:7 × 1012 cfu/ml LIBRARY: +500 nM A64SAL 3 × 104 cfu/10 μl no enzyme 6 × 103 cfu/10 μl pDM0411: +500 nM A64SAL 3 × 106 cfu/10 μl (control) no enzyme 1.6 × 104 cfu/10 μl ROUND 3 Round 2 library:7 × 1011 cfu/ml LIBRARY: +500 nM A64SAL 1 × 105 cfu/10 μl no enzyme <103 cfu/10 μl pDM0411: +500 nM A64SAL 5 × 106 cfu/10 μl (control) no enzyme 3 × 104 cfu/10 μl Colony forming units (cfu) were estimated by plating out 10 μl of 10-fold dilutions of phage on 10 μl spots of XL-1 blue cells, on LB agar plates containing 50 μg/ml carbenicillin -
TABLE B1 Sequences of eluted phage after 2 rounds of selective enrichment. No. of Sequence occurrences After round 2: * * A A H Y T R Q (SEQ ID NO: 97) 2 . . . GCT GCT CAC TAC ACC CGG CAA . . . (SEQ ID NO: 32) A A H M T R Q (SEQ ID NO: 98) 1 . . . GCT GCT CAC ATG ACC CGG CAA . . . (SEQ ID NO: 33) A A L H T R Q (SEQ ID NO: 99) 1 . . . GCT GCT CTC CAC ACC CGG CAA . . . (SEQ ID NO: 34) A A L H T R Q (SEQ ID NO: 99) 1 . . . GCT GCT CTG CAC ACC CGG CAA . . . (SEQ ID NO: 35) A A H T R Q (SEQ ID NO: 100) 1 # . . . GCT GCT CAC ACC CGG CAA . . . (SEQ ID NO: 36) A A ? H T R Q (SEQ ID NO: 101) 1 ## . . . GCT GCT ??? CAC ACC CGG CAA (SEQ ID NO: 37) . . . wild- type pDM0454 3 #- spurious deletion of 1 codon within the cassette ##- ambiguous sequence All protein sequences should be of the form AA**TRQ, where * represents a randomised codon. In the table below, the randomised codons and amino acids are underlined and in bold. -
TABLE B2 Sequences of eluted Dhaqe after 3 rounds of selective enrichment. No. of Sequence occurrences After round 3: * * A A H Y T R Q (SEQ ID NO: 97) 2# . . . GCT GCT CAC TAT ACG CGT CAG . . . (SEQ ID NO: 38) A A L H T R Q (SEQ ID NO: 99) 2 . . . GCT GCT CTC CAC ACC CGG CAA . . . (SEQ ID NO: 34) A A Q H T R Q (SED ID NO: 102) 1 . . . GCT GCT CAG CAC ACC CGG CAA . . . (SEQ ID NO: 39) A A T H T R Q (SEQ ID NO: 103) 1 . . . GCT GCT ACG CAC ACC CGG CAA . . . (SEQ ID NO: 40) A A H S R Q (SEQ ID NO: 104) 1 . . . GCT GCT CAC TCC CGG CAA . . . (SEQ ID NO: 41) A A H H T R Q (SEQ ID NO: 105) 1## . . . GCT GCT CAT CAT ACC CGG CAA . . . (SEQ ID NO: 42) A A H F R Q (SEQ ID NO: 106) 1 . . . GCT GCT CAC TTC CGG CAA . . . (SEQ ID NO: 43) A A H T R Q (SEQ ID NO: 100) 1 . . . GCT GCT CAC ACC CGG CAA . . . (SEQ ID NO: 36) #- contaminating sequence from pDM0411 ##- contains the “illegal” codon CAT - T should not appear in the 3rd position of a codon. All protein sequences should be of the form AA**TRQ, where * represents a randomised codon. In the table below, the randomised codons and amino acids are underlined and in bold.
Claims (52)
1. A method for selecting novel binding polypeptides comprising:
(a) constructing a replicable expression vector comprising a transcription regulatory element operably linked to a gene fusion encoding a fusion protein wherein the gene fusion comprises a first gene encoding a polypeptide, and a second gene encoding at least a portion of a phage coat protein;
(b) mutating the vector at one or more selected positions within the first gene thereby forming a family of related plasmids;
(c) transforming suitable host cells with the plasmids;
(d) infecting the transformed host cells with a helper phage having a gene encoding the phage coat protein;
(e) culturing the transformed infected host cells under conditions suitable for forming recombinant phagemid particles containing at least a portion of the plasmid and capable of transforming the host, the conditions adjusted so that no more than a minor amount of phagemid particles display more than one copy of the fusion protein on the surface of the particle;
(f) contacting the phagemid particles with a target molecule so that at least a portion of the phagemid particles bind to the target molecule; and
(g) separating the phagemid particles that bind from those that do not.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising infecting a suitable host cells with the phagemid particles that bind and repeating steps (d) through (g).
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the steps are repeated one or more times.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the expression vector further comprises a secretory signal sequence.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the transcription regulatory element is a promoter system selected from the group; lac Z, pho A, tryptophan, tac, λPL, bacteriophage T7, and combinations thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the first gene encodes a mammalian protein.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the protein is selected from the group; growth hormone, human growth hormone (hGH), des-N methionyl human growth hormone, bovine growth hormone, parathyroid hormone, thyroxine, insulin A-chain, insulin B-chain, proinsulin, relaxin A-chain, relaxin B-chain, prorelaxin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), leutinizing hormone (LH), glycoprotein hormone receptors, calcitonin, glucagon, factor VIII, an antibody, lung surfactant, urokinase, streptokinase, human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), bombesin, factor IX, thrombin, hemopoietic growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta, enkephalinase, human serum albumin, mullerian-inhibiting substance, mouse gonadotropin-associated peptide, β-lactamase, tissue factor protein, inhibin, activin, vascular endothelial growth factor, integrin receptors, thrombopoietin, protein A or D, rheumatoid factors, NGF-β, platelet-growth factor, transforming growth factor; TGF-alpha and TGF-beta, insulin-like growth factor-I and -II, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, CD-4, DNase, latency associated peptide, erythropoietin, HER2 ligands, osteoinductive factors, interferon-alpha, -beta, and -gamma, colony stimulating factors (CSFs), M-CSF, GM-CSF, and G-CSF, interleukins (ILs), IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, superoxide dismutase; decay accelerating factor, viral antigen, HIV envelope proteins GP120 and GP140, atrial natriuretic peptides A, B, or C, or immuno globulins, and fragments of the above-listed proteins.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the protein is a human protein.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the protein comprises more than about 100 amino acid residues.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the protein comprises a plurality of rigid secondary structures displaying amino acids capable of interacting with the target, and the mutations are primarily produced at positions corresponding to codons encoding the amino acids.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the mutations are produced at more than one codon.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the mutations are produced on more than one rigid secondary structure.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the helper phage is selected from the group M13KO7, M13R408, M13-VCS, and Phi X 174.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the helper phage is M13KO7 and the coat protein is the M13 phage gene III coat protein.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the host is E. coli.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the plasmid is under tight control of the transcription regulatory element.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the amount is less than about 1%.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the amount is less than 20% the amount of phagemid particles displaying a single copy of the fusion protein.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the amount is less than 10%.
21. The method of claim 1 further comprising in step (a), inserting a DNA triplet, encoding an mRNA suppressible terminator codon between said first gene encoding a polypeptide, and said second gene encoding at least a portion of a phage coat protein.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein said mRNA suppressible terminator codon is selected from the following: UAG (amber), UAA (ocher) and UGA (opel).
23. The method of claim 22 wherein said suppressible mutation results in the detectable production of a fusion polypeptide containing sadi polypeptide and said coat protein when said expression vector is grown in a suppressor host cell; and, when grown in a non-suppressor host cell said polypeptide is synthesized substantially without fusion to said phage coat protein.
24. A human growth hormone variant wherein hGH amino acids 172, 174, 176 and 178 respectively are as a group sequentially selected from one of the following: (1) R,S,F,R; (2) R,A,Y,R; (3) K,T,Y,K; (4) R,S,Y,R; (5) K,A,Y,R; (6) R,F,F,R; (7) K,Q,Y,R; (8) R,T,Y,H; (9) Q,R,Y,R; (10) K,K,Y,K; (11) R,S,F,S; and (12) K,S,N,R.
25. A phagemid comprising a replicable expression vector comprising a transcription regulatory element operably linked to a gene fusion encoding a fusion protein wherein the gene fusion comprises a first gene encoding a polypeptide, and a second gene encoding at least a portion of a phage coat protein, wherein a DNA triplet codon encoding an mRNA suppressible terminator codon selected from UAG, UAA and UGA is inserted between the fused ends of the first and second genes, or is substituted for an amino acid encoding triplet codon adjacent to the gene fusion junction.
26. The phagemid of claim 25 wherein said first gene encodes a mammalian protein.
27. The phagemid of claim 26 wherein the protein is selected from the group: growth hormone, human growth hormone (hGH), des-N-methionyl human growth hormone, bovine growth hormone, parathyroid hormone, thyroxine, insulin A-chain, insulin B-chain, proinsulin, relaxin A-chain, relaxin B-chain, prorelaxin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), leutinizing hormone (LH), glycoprotein hormone receptors, calcitonin, glucagon, factor VIII, an antibody, lung surfactant, urokinase, streptokinase, human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), bombesin, factor IX, thrombin, hemopoietic growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta, enkephalinase, human serum albumin, mullerian-inhibiting substance, mouse gonadotropin-associated peptide, β-lactamase, tissue factor protein, inhibin, activin, vascular endothelial growth factor, integrin receptors, thrombopoietin, protein A or D, rheumatoid factors, NGF-β platelet-growth factor, transforming growth factor; TGF-alpha and TGF-beta, insulin-like growth-I and -II, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, CD-4, DNase, latency associated peptide, erythropoietin, osteoinductive factors, interferon-alpha, -beta, and -gamma, colony stimulating factors (CSFs), M-CSF, GM-CSF, and G-CSF, interleukins (ILs), IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, superoxide dismutase; decay accelerating factor, viral antigen, HIV envelope proteins GP120 and GP140, atrial natriuretic peptides A, B or C immuno globulins, and fragments of the above-listed proteins.
28. The phagemid of claim 27 wherein said protein is a human protein.
29. The phagemid of claim 28 wherein the protein comprises more than about 100 amino acid residues.
30. The phagemid of claim 25 wherein said protein comprises a plurality of rigid secondary structures displaying amino acids capable of interacting with the target.
31. The phagemid of claim 30 wherein said rigid secondary structures comprises structures selected from the group; α-(3.613) helix, 310 helix, π-(4.416) helix, parallel and anti-parallel β-pleated sheets, reverse turns, and non-ordered structures.
32. The phagemid of claim 25 wherein the helper phage is selected from the group M13KO7, M13R408, M13-VCS, and Phi X 174.
33. The phagemid of claim 32 wherein the helper phage is M13KO7 and the coat protein is the M13 phage gene III coat protein.
34. The phagemid of claim 33 wherein the host is the E. coli wild type or suppressor type.
35. The phagemid of claim 34 wherein the plasmid is under tight control of the transcription regulatory element.
36. The phagemid of claim 35 wherein the number of phagemid particles displaying more than one copy of the fusion protein on the surface of the particles is less than 1%.
37. The phagemid of claim 36 wherein said number of phagemid particles is less than about 10%.
38. The phagemid of claim 37 wherein the number of phagemid particles is less than about 20%.
39. A human growth variant wherein hGH amino acids 10, 14, 18, and 21 respectively are as a group sequentially selected from one of the following:
(1) H,G,N,N; (2) A,W,D,N; (3) F,S,F,L; (4) Y,T,V,N and (5) I,N,I,N.
40. A human growth variant wherein hGH amino acids 174 is serine and 176 is tyrosine and hGH amino acids 167, 171, 175 and 179 respectively are as a group sequentially selected from one of the following: (1) N,S,T,T; (2) E,S,T,I; (3) K,S,T,L; (4) N,N,T,T; (5) R,D,I,I; and (6) N,S,T,Q.
41. A method for selecting novel binding polypeptides comprising
(a) constructing a replicable expression vector comprising a transcription regulatory element operably linked to DNA encoding a protein of interest containing one or more subunits, wherein the DNA encoding at least one of the subunits is fused to the DNA encoding at least a portion of a phage coat protein;
(b) mutating the DNA encoding the protein of interest at one or more selected positions thereby forming a family of related vectors;
(c) transforming suitable host cells with the vectors;
(d) infecting the transformed host cells with a helper phage having a gene encoding the phage coat protein;
(e) culturing the transformed infected host cells under conditions suitable for forming recombinant phagemid particles containing at least a portion of the plasmid and capable of transforming the host, the conditions adjusted so that no more than a minor amount of phagemid particles display more than one copy of the fusion protein on the surface of the particle;
(f) contacting the phagemid particles with a target molecule so that at least a portion of the phagemid particles bind to the target molecule; and
(g) separating the phagemid particles that bind from those that do not.
42. The method of claim 41 wherein the expression vector further comprises a secretory signal sequence operably linked to the DNA encoding each subunit of the protein of interest.
43. The method of claim 42 wherein the protein of interest is a mammalian protein.
44. The method of claim 43 wherein the protein of interest is selected from the group; insulin, relaxin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), leutinizing hormone (LH), glycoprotein hormone receptors, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, lung surfactant, integrin receptors, insulin-like growth factor-I and -II, and fragments of the above-listed proteins.
45. The method of claim 44 wherein the protein of interest is a humanized antibody.
46. The method of claim 45 wherein the protein of interest is a humanized Fab fragment capable of binding to the HER-2 receptor (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2).
47. A human growth hormone (hGH) variant wherein hGH amino acid glutamate174 is replaced by serine174 and phenylalanine176 is replaced by tyrosine176 and one or more of the eight naturally occurring hGH amino acids F10, M14, H18, H21, R167, D171, T175 and I179 are replaced by another natural amino acid.
48. The hGH variant of claim 47 wherein the eight naturally occurring hGH amino acids F10, M14, H18, H21, R167, D171, T175 and I179 respectively are as a group replaced with a corresponding amino acid sequentially selected from one of the following groups:
49. The method of claim 48 wherein said human growth hormone variant (11) further contains leucine15 replaced by arginine15 and lysine168 replaced by arginine168.
50. The method of claim 48 wherein said human growth hormone variant
(40) further contains phenylalanine176
51. A method for selecting novel binding polypeptides comprising:
(a) constructing a replicable expression vector comprising a transcription regulatory element operably linked to a gene fusion encoding a fusion protein wherein the gene fusion comprises a first gene encoding a polypeptide operable connected to a linking amino acid sequence, and a second gene encoding at least a portion of a phage coat protein;
(b) mutating the vector at one or more selected positions within the amino acid linking sequence of the first gene thereby forming a family of related plasmids;
(c) transforming suitable host cells with the plasmids;
(d) infecting the transformed host cells with a helper phage having a gene encoding the phage coat protein;
(e) culturing the transformed infected host cells under conditions suitable for forming recombinant phagemid particles containing at least a portion of the plasmid and capable of transforming the host, the conditions adjusted so that no more than a minor amount of phagemid particles display more than one copy of the fusion protein on the surface of the particle;
(f) contacting the phagemid particles with a target molecule so that at least a portion of the phagemid particles bind to the target molecule; and
(g) contacting the bound phagemid particles with a protease capable of hydrolysing the linking a amino acid sequence of at least a portion of the bound phagemid particles, and
(h) isolating the hydrolyzed phagemid particles.
52. The method of claim 51 further comprising infecting suitable host cells with the hydrolyzed phagemid particles and repeating steps (d) through (h).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/508,859 US20100035236A1 (en) | 1990-12-03 | 2009-07-24 | Enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties |
Applications Claiming Priority (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US62166790A | 1990-12-03 | 1990-12-03 | |
US68340091A | 1991-04-10 | 1991-04-10 | |
US71530091A | 1991-06-14 | 1991-06-14 | |
US74361491A | 1991-08-08 | 1991-08-08 | |
PCT/US1991/009133 WO1992009690A2 (en) | 1990-12-03 | 1991-12-03 | Enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties |
US08/050,058 US5750373A (en) | 1990-12-03 | 1991-12-03 | Enrichment method for variant proteins having altered binding properties, M13 phagemids, and growth hormone variants |
US08/463,587 US5821047A (en) | 1990-12-03 | 1995-06-05 | Monovalent phage display |
US92234597A | 1997-09-03 | 1997-09-03 | |
US71764100A | 2000-11-21 | 2000-11-21 | |
US11/199,062 US20060115874A1 (en) | 1990-12-03 | 2005-08-08 | Enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties |
US11/761,180 US20080038717A1 (en) | 1990-12-03 | 2007-06-11 | Enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties |
US12/508,859 US20100035236A1 (en) | 1990-12-03 | 2009-07-24 | Enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/761,180 Continuation US20080038717A1 (en) | 1990-12-03 | 2007-06-11 | Enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20100035236A1 true US20100035236A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
Family
ID=27505166
Family Applications (7)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/050,058 Expired - Lifetime US5750373A (en) | 1988-10-28 | 1991-12-03 | Enrichment method for variant proteins having altered binding properties, M13 phagemids, and growth hormone variants |
US08/463,667 Expired - Lifetime US5834598A (en) | 1990-12-03 | 1995-06-05 | Human growth hormone variants |
US08/463,587 Expired - Lifetime US5821047A (en) | 1990-12-03 | 1995-06-05 | Monovalent phage display |
US08/923,854 Expired - Fee Related US6040136A (en) | 1990-12-03 | 1997-09-03 | Enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties |
US11/199,062 Abandoned US20060115874A1 (en) | 1990-12-03 | 2005-08-08 | Enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties |
US11/761,180 Abandoned US20080038717A1 (en) | 1990-12-03 | 2007-06-11 | Enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties |
US12/508,859 Abandoned US20100035236A1 (en) | 1990-12-03 | 2009-07-24 | Enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties |
Family Applications Before (6)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/050,058 Expired - Lifetime US5750373A (en) | 1988-10-28 | 1991-12-03 | Enrichment method for variant proteins having altered binding properties, M13 phagemids, and growth hormone variants |
US08/463,667 Expired - Lifetime US5834598A (en) | 1990-12-03 | 1995-06-05 | Human growth hormone variants |
US08/463,587 Expired - Lifetime US5821047A (en) | 1990-12-03 | 1995-06-05 | Monovalent phage display |
US08/923,854 Expired - Fee Related US6040136A (en) | 1990-12-03 | 1997-09-03 | Enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties |
US11/199,062 Abandoned US20060115874A1 (en) | 1990-12-03 | 2005-08-08 | Enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties |
US11/761,180 Abandoned US20080038717A1 (en) | 1990-12-03 | 2007-06-11 | Enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (7) | US5750373A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0564531B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE164395T1 (en) |
CA (2) | CA2405246A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69129154T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0564531T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2113940T3 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3026468T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1992009690A2 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8911734B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2014-12-16 | Alderbio Holdings Llc | Methods of preventing or treating pain using anti-NGF antibodies that selectively inhibit the association of NGF with TrkA, without affecting the association of NGF with p75 |
US9067988B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2015-06-30 | Alderbio Holdings Llc | Methods of preventing or treating pain using anti-NGF antibodies |
US9078878B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2015-07-14 | Alderbio Holdings Llc | Anti-NGF antibodies that selectively inhibit the association of NGF with TrkA, without affecting the association of NGF with p75 |
US9539324B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2017-01-10 | Alderbio Holdings, Llc | Methods of preventing inflammation and treating pain using anti-NGF compositions |
US9884909B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2018-02-06 | Alderbio Holdings Llc | Anti-NGF compositions and use thereof |
US11214610B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2022-01-04 | H. Lundbeck A/S | High-purity production of multi-subunit proteins such as antibodies in transformed microbes such as Pichia pastoris |
Families Citing this family (2196)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5688666A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1997-11-18 | Genentech, Inc. | Growth hormone variants with altered binding properties |
US5750373A (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 1998-05-12 | Genentech, Inc. | Enrichment method for variant proteins having altered binding properties, M13 phagemids, and growth hormone variants |
US5534617A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1996-07-09 | Genentech, Inc. | Human growth hormone variants having greater affinity for human growth hormone receptor at site 1 |
US5350836A (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1994-09-27 | Ohio University | Growth hormone antagonists |
US5723286A (en) * | 1990-06-20 | 1998-03-03 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Peptide library and screening systems |
US6916605B1 (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 2005-07-12 | Medical Research Council | Methods for producing members of specific binding pairs |
GB9015198D0 (en) | 1990-07-10 | 1990-08-29 | Brien Caroline J O | Binding substance |
GB9206318D0 (en) * | 1992-03-24 | 1992-05-06 | Cambridge Antibody Tech | Binding substances |
US7063943B1 (en) | 1990-07-10 | 2006-06-20 | Cambridge Antibody Technology | Methods for producing members of specific binding pairs |
US6172197B1 (en) | 1991-07-10 | 2001-01-09 | Medical Research Council | Methods for producing members of specific binding pairs |
JP3672306B2 (en) | 1991-04-10 | 2005-07-20 | ザ スクリップス リサーチ インスティテュート | Heterodimeric receptor library using phagemids |
DE69231467T2 (en) | 1991-05-10 | 2001-01-25 | Genentech Inc | SELECTION OF AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS OF LIGANDS |
US5962255A (en) * | 1992-03-24 | 1999-10-05 | Cambridge Antibody Technology Limited | Methods for producing recombinant vectors |
US6225447B1 (en) | 1991-05-15 | 2001-05-01 | Cambridge Antibody Technology Ltd. | Methods for producing members of specific binding pairs |
US5858657A (en) * | 1992-05-15 | 1999-01-12 | Medical Research Council | Methods for producing members of specific binding pairs |
US6492160B1 (en) | 1991-05-15 | 2002-12-10 | Cambridge Antibody Technology Limited | Methods for producing members of specific binding pairs |
US5871907A (en) | 1991-05-15 | 1999-02-16 | Medical Research Council | Methods for producing members of specific binding pairs |
US6800738B1 (en) | 1991-06-14 | 2004-10-05 | Genentech, Inc. | Method for making humanized antibodies |
EP1400536A1 (en) | 1991-06-14 | 2004-03-24 | Genentech Inc. | Method for making humanized antibodies |
DE4122599C2 (en) * | 1991-07-08 | 1993-11-11 | Deutsches Krebsforsch | Phagemid for screening antibodies |
US5270170A (en) * | 1991-10-16 | 1993-12-14 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Peptide library and screening method |
US5733731A (en) * | 1991-10-16 | 1998-03-31 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Peptide library and screening method |
ATE275198T1 (en) | 1991-12-02 | 2004-09-15 | Medical Res Council | PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES ON PHAGE SURFACES BASED ON ANTIBODIES SEGMENT LIBRARIES. |
US5733743A (en) * | 1992-03-24 | 1998-03-31 | Cambridge Antibody Technology Limited | Methods for producing members of specific binding pairs |
US6043212A (en) | 1993-07-26 | 2000-03-28 | Cor Therapeutics, Inc. | Recombinant C140 receptor, its agonists and antagonists, and nucleic acids encoding the receptor |
CA2179029C (en) | 1993-12-30 | 2009-02-24 | Philip W. Ingham | Vertebrate embryonic pattern-inducing hedgehog-like proteins |
US6406855B1 (en) | 1994-02-17 | 2002-06-18 | Maxygen, Inc. | Methods and compositions for polypeptide engineering |
US6335160B1 (en) | 1995-02-17 | 2002-01-01 | Maxygen, Inc. | Methods and compositions for polypeptide engineering |
US5837458A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1998-11-17 | Maxygen, Inc. | Methods and compositions for cellular and metabolic engineering |
US6576236B1 (en) | 1994-07-01 | 2003-06-10 | Dana Farber Cancer Institute | Methods for stimulating T cell responses by manipulating a common cytokine receptor γ chain |
US7597886B2 (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 2009-10-06 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Tumor necrosis factor-gamma |
US7820798B2 (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 2010-10-26 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Tumor necrosis factor-gamma |
US6335319B1 (en) * | 1994-11-15 | 2002-01-01 | Metabolic Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Treatment of obesity |
US7429646B1 (en) | 1995-06-05 | 2008-09-30 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Antibodies to human tumor necrosis factor receptor-like 2 |
US6475806B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2002-11-05 | Praecis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Anchor libraries and identification of peptide binding sequences |
DK1568772T3 (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 2010-10-18 | Genentech Inc | Variants of Human Growth Hormone |
US7368111B2 (en) | 1995-10-06 | 2008-05-06 | Cambridge Antibody Technology Limited | Human antibodies specific for TGFβ2 |
EP0876615A1 (en) * | 1995-11-10 | 1998-11-11 | Elan Corporation Plc | Peptides which enhance transport across tissues and methods of identifying and using the same |
US6090382A (en) | 1996-02-09 | 2000-07-18 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Human antibodies that bind human TNFα |
US7888466B2 (en) | 1996-01-11 | 2011-02-15 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Human G-protein chemokine receptor HSATU68 |
WO1997035194A2 (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 1997-09-25 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Enantiomeric screening process, and compositions therefor |
US6777217B1 (en) | 1996-03-26 | 2004-08-17 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Histone deacetylases, and uses related thereto |
US6361938B1 (en) | 1996-11-08 | 2002-03-26 | Elan Corporation, Plc | Peptides which enhance transport across tissues and methods of identifying and using the same |
US20070185032A1 (en) * | 1996-12-11 | 2007-08-09 | Praecis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pharmaceutical formulations for sustained drug delivery |
US6497874B1 (en) | 1997-02-05 | 2002-12-24 | Maardh Sven | Recombinant phages |
JP2001524824A (en) | 1997-04-16 | 2001-12-04 | ミレニアム・フアーマシユーチカルズ・インコーポレーテツド | CRSP proteins (secretory proteins rich in cysteine), nucleic acid molecules encoding them and uses thereof |
US6306826B1 (en) | 1997-06-04 | 2001-10-23 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Treatment of heart failure with growth hormone |
US5994511A (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 1999-11-30 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-IgE antibodies and methods of improving polypeptides |
US6172213B1 (en) | 1997-07-02 | 2001-01-09 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-IgE antibodies and method of improving polypeptides |
US6639050B1 (en) | 1997-07-21 | 2003-10-28 | Ohio University | Synthetic genes for plant gums and other hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins |
US7378506B2 (en) | 1997-07-21 | 2008-05-27 | Ohio University | Synthetic genes for plant gums and other hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins |
WO1999006587A2 (en) | 1997-08-01 | 1999-02-11 | Morphosys Ag | Novel method and phage for the identification of nucleic acid sequences encoding members of a multimeric (poly)peptide complex |
GB9723955D0 (en) | 1997-11-14 | 1998-01-07 | Generic Biolog Limited | Improvements in or relating to detection of molecules in samples |
GB2334580B (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 2002-12-18 | Generic Biolog Ltd | Improvements in or relating to detection of exogenously administered polypeptides |
EP1481990B1 (en) | 1997-11-21 | 2007-06-06 | Genentech, Inc. | A-33 related antigens and their pharmacological uses |
US7192589B2 (en) | 1998-09-16 | 2007-03-20 | Genentech, Inc. | Treatment of inflammatory disorders with STIgMA immunoadhesins |
CA2323776C (en) | 1998-03-19 | 2010-04-27 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Cytokine receptor common gamma chain like |
US7163682B2 (en) | 1998-04-13 | 2007-01-16 | The Forsyth Institute | Glucan binding protein and glucosyltransferase immunogens |
US7056517B2 (en) | 1998-04-13 | 2006-06-06 | The Forsyth Institute | Glucosyltransferase immunogens |
EP1100890A2 (en) | 1998-07-27 | 2001-05-23 | Genentech, Inc. | Improved transformation efficiency in phage display through modification of a coat protein |
US6387888B1 (en) | 1998-09-30 | 2002-05-14 | American Foundation For Biological Research, Inc. | Immunotherapy of cancer through expression of truncated tumor or tumor-associated antigen |
US6485972B1 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 2002-11-26 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | WNT signalling in reproductive organs |
US6420110B1 (en) | 1998-10-19 | 2002-07-16 | Gpc Biotech, Inc. | Methods and reagents for isolating biologically active peptides |
ATE406907T1 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2008-09-15 | Cornell Res Foundation Inc | METHODS FOR REGULATION OF ANGIOGENESIS AND VASCULAR INTEGRITY USING TRK RECEPTOR LIGANDS BDNF, NT-3 AND NT-4 |
US6927024B2 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2005-08-09 | Genentech, Inc. | PCR assay |
US6696063B1 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2004-02-24 | Applied Research Systems Ars Holding N.V. | Treatment of HIV-associated dysmorphia/dysmetabolic syndrome (HADDS) with or without lipodystrophy |
ATE384795T1 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 2008-02-15 | Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostic | MODIFIED HIV ENV POLYPEPTIDES |
EP1141314A2 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 2001-10-10 | Chiron Corporation | Polynucleotides encoding antigenic hiv type c polypeptides, polypeptides and uses thereof |
US7935805B1 (en) * | 1998-12-31 | 2011-05-03 | Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Inc | Polynucleotides encoding antigenic HIV Type C polypeptides, polypeptides and uses thereof |
CA2360347C (en) | 1998-12-31 | 2013-05-07 | Chiron Corporation | Improved expression of hiv polypeptides and production of virus-like particles |
DK1141015T3 (en) * | 1999-01-06 | 2010-01-25 | Genentech Inc | Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I mutant variants |
PT1141014E (en) | 1999-01-06 | 2005-04-29 | Genentech Inc | VARIATION OF THE INSULIN-LIKELY GROWTH FACTOR (IGF-I) |
EP2301947A3 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 2011-11-23 | Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Secreted proteins and uses thereof |
EP2357192A1 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 2011-08-17 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Human endokine alpha and methods of use |
AU767066B2 (en) | 1999-03-03 | 2003-10-30 | Curis, Inc. | Methods of modulating lipid metabolism and storage |
US7883704B2 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2011-02-08 | Abbott Gmbh & Co. Kg | Methods for inhibiting the activity of the P40 subunit of human IL-12 |
US6914128B1 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2005-07-05 | Abbott Gmbh & Co. Kg | Human antibodies that bind human IL-12 and methods for producing |
TR200102715T2 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2002-09-23 | Knoll Gmbh | Human antibodies that bind human IL-12 and methods for producing them. |
WO2000058521A2 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-05 | Rosetta Inpharmatics, Inc. | Methods for the identification of reporter and target molecules using comprehensive gene expression profiles |
DE19915057A1 (en) | 1999-04-01 | 2000-10-19 | Forschungszentrum Borstel | Monoclonal antibodies to the human Mcm3 protein, process for their preparation and their use |
US6492497B1 (en) | 1999-04-30 | 2002-12-10 | Cambridge Antibody Technology Limited | Specific binding members for TGFbeta1 |
US7803765B2 (en) * | 1999-05-05 | 2010-09-28 | Phylogica Limited | Methods of constructing biodiverse gene fragment libraries and biological modulators isolated therefrom |
DK2230303T3 (en) * | 1999-05-05 | 2013-04-15 | Phylogica Ltd | Isolation of biological modulators from biodiversity gene fragment libraries |
US7270969B2 (en) * | 1999-05-05 | 2007-09-18 | Phylogica Limited | Methods of constructing and screening diverse expression libraries |
US6200803B1 (en) | 1999-05-21 | 2001-03-13 | Rosetta Inpharmatics, Inc. | Essential genes of yeast as targets for antifungal agents, herbicides, insecticides and anti-proliferative drugs |
US7396905B1 (en) | 1999-05-21 | 2008-07-08 | Mckeon Frank | Calcipressins: endogenous inhibitors of calcineurin, uses and reagents related thereto |
US6197517B1 (en) | 1999-05-21 | 2001-03-06 | Rosetta Inpharmatics, Inc. | Essential genes of yeast as targets for antifungal agents, herbicides, insecticides and anti-proliferative drugs |
US6221597B1 (en) | 1999-05-21 | 2001-04-24 | Rosetta Inpharmatics, Inc. | Essential genes of yeast as targets for antifungal agents, herbicides, insecticides and anti-proliferative drugs |
US20030166003A1 (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2003-09-04 | Cochran Andrea G. | Structured peptide scaffold for displaying turn libraries on phage |
JP2003502304A (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2003-01-21 | ジェネンテック・インコーポレーテッド | Structured peptide scaffolds for displaying turn libraries on phage |
US7291714B1 (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2007-11-06 | Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Glycoprotein VI and uses thereof |
US20040001826A1 (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2004-01-01 | Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Glycoprotein VI and uses thereof |
CA2347973C (en) | 1999-07-20 | 2010-06-22 | Morphosys Ag | Novel methods for displaying (poly)peptides/proteins on bacteriophage particles via disulfide bonds |
MXPA02001877A (en) | 1999-08-23 | 2002-08-20 | Dana Farber Cancer Inst Inc | Pd1, a receptor for b74, and uses therefor. |
DE19943743C2 (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2002-02-07 | Jerini Biotools Gmbh | Procedure for the identification of binding partners with position-specific arrays |
AU1095001A (en) * | 1999-10-20 | 2001-04-30 | Genentech Inc. | Type i cytokine receptor tccr |
US20060073509A1 (en) * | 1999-11-18 | 2006-04-06 | Michael Kilpatrick | Method for detecting and quantitating multiple subcellular components |
US6951839B1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2005-10-04 | Curis, Inc. | Methods and compositions for regulating lymphocyte activity |
US8168178B2 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2012-05-01 | Curis, Inc. | Methods and compositions for regulating lymphocyte activity |
US20030180714A1 (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2003-09-25 | Genentech, Inc. | Shotgun scanning |
US20020004247A1 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2002-01-10 | Genentech, Inc. | Assay method |
DE60034817T2 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2008-01-31 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College, Cambridge | METHOD FOR MODULATING THE ACTIVITY OF TH2 CELLS BY MODULATING THE ACTIVITY OF XBP-1 |
TW201305214A (en) | 2000-02-10 | 2013-02-01 | Abbott Gmbh & Co Kg | Antibodies that bind human interleukin-18 and methods of making and using |
US6632645B1 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2003-10-14 | Promega Corporation | Thermophilic DNA polymerases from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris |
US6436677B1 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2002-08-20 | Promega Corporation | Method of reverse transcription |
US20030129724A1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2003-07-10 | Grozinger Christina M. | Class II human histone deacetylases, and uses related thereto |
NZ521540A (en) | 2000-04-11 | 2004-09-24 | Genentech Inc | Multivalent antibodies and uses therefor |
EP2267026A1 (en) | 2000-04-12 | 2010-12-29 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Albumin fusion proteins |
DK1276855T3 (en) * | 2000-04-17 | 2012-11-26 | Dyax Corp | Method of constructing display libraries of genetic packages for members of a diversified peptide family |
US8288322B2 (en) | 2000-04-17 | 2012-10-16 | Dyax Corp. | Methods of constructing libraries comprising displayed and/or expressed members of a diverse family of peptides, polypeptides or proteins and the novel libraries |
AU2001253758A1 (en) * | 2000-04-24 | 2001-11-07 | Yale University | DNA and protein binding miniature proteins |
US7495070B2 (en) * | 2000-04-24 | 2009-02-24 | Yale University | Protein binding miniature proteins |
EP1282437B1 (en) | 2000-05-16 | 2008-03-19 | Genentech, Inc. | Treatment of cartilage disorders |
US6573370B1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2003-06-03 | Regents Of The University Of Michigan | PON3 and uses thereof |
EP1714661A3 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2012-03-14 | The Center for Blood Research, INC. | Methods for diagnosing and treating hemostatic disorders by modulating p-selectin activity |
US20030031675A1 (en) | 2000-06-06 | 2003-02-13 | Mikesell Glen E. | B7-related nucleic acids and polypeptides useful for immunomodulation |
EP2251026A1 (en) | 2000-06-08 | 2010-11-17 | Immune Disease Institute, Inc. | Methods and compositions for inhibiting immunoglobulin-mediated reperfusion injury |
EP1294949A4 (en) | 2000-06-15 | 2004-08-25 | Human Genome Sciences Inc | Human tumor necrosis factor delta and epsilon |
AU6842701A (en) | 2000-06-16 | 2002-01-14 | Human Genome Sciences Inc | Antibodies that immunospecifically bind to blys |
CA2413417A1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2002-01-03 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Selective androgen receptor modulators and methods for their identification, design and use |
AU2001273096B8 (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2005-10-13 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | PD-L2 molecules: novel PD-1 ligands and uses therefor |
DE60137421D1 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2009-03-05 | Abbott Lab | ANTIBODIES WITH TWO SPECIFICITIES AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF |
US6951947B2 (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2005-10-04 | The Scripps Research Institute | Labeled peptides, proteins and antibodies and processes and intermediates useful for their preparation |
US7176037B2 (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2007-02-13 | The Scripps Research Institute | Labeled peptides, proteins and antibodies and processes and intermediates useful for their preparation |
US7807872B2 (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2010-10-05 | Cropdesign N.V. | Down regulation of plant cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors |
US6878861B2 (en) | 2000-07-21 | 2005-04-12 | Washington State University Research Foundation | Acyl coenzyme A thioesterases |
AU2001279055A1 (en) | 2000-07-27 | 2002-02-13 | Genentech, Inc. | Apo-2L receptor agonist and CPT-11 synergism |
US8044259B2 (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2011-10-25 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Determining the capability of a test compound to affect solid tumor stem cells |
US6984522B2 (en) * | 2000-08-03 | 2006-01-10 | Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Isolation and use of solid tumor stem cells |
US20080194022A1 (en) * | 2000-08-03 | 2008-08-14 | Clarke Michael F | Isolation and use of solid tumor stem cells |
JP2004515467A (en) * | 2000-08-07 | 2004-05-27 | ネクター セラピューティックス | Inhalable, spray-dried, 4-helix bundle protein powder with minimal aggregates |
US6902734B2 (en) | 2000-08-07 | 2005-06-07 | Centocor, Inc. | Anti-IL-12 antibodies and compositions thereof |
UA81743C2 (en) | 2000-08-07 | 2008-02-11 | Центокор, Инк. | HUMAN MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY WHICH SPECIFICALLY BINDS TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALFA (TNFα), PHARMACEUTICAL MIXTURE CONTAINING THEREOF, AND METHOD FOR TREATING ARTHRITIS |
US7288390B2 (en) | 2000-08-07 | 2007-10-30 | Centocor, Inc. | Anti-dual integrin antibodies, compositions, methods and uses |
ATE552859T1 (en) * | 2000-09-13 | 2012-04-15 | Praecis Pharm Inc | PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS FOR CONTINUOUS DELIVERY OF PEPTIDES |
GB0022978D0 (en) | 2000-09-19 | 2000-11-01 | Oxford Glycosciences Uk Ltd | Detection of peptides |
WO2002026781A2 (en) | 2000-09-26 | 2002-04-04 | Genentech, Inc. | Ige receptor antagonists |
US7393532B1 (en) | 2000-10-18 | 2008-07-01 | Genentech, Inc. | Modulation of T cell differentiation for the treatment of T helper cell mediated diseases |
US6673580B2 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2004-01-06 | Genentech, Inc. | Identification and modification of immunodominant epitopes in polypeptides |
US6841359B2 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2005-01-11 | The General Hospital Corporation | Streptavidin-binding peptides and uses thereof |
AU4155602A (en) | 2000-11-01 | 2002-06-18 | Elusys Therapeutics Inc | Method of producing biospecific molecules by protein trans-splicing |
EP2027874B1 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2013-10-16 | Medimmune, Inc. | Methods of administering/dosing anti-rsv antibodies for prophylaxis and treatment |
EP2295606A1 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2011-03-16 | Wyeth LLC | Expression analysis of KIAA nucleic acids and polypeptides useful in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer |
BR0115715A (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2004-02-03 | Wyeth Corp | Nucleic acid and polypeptide expression analysis useful in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment |
US20040253242A1 (en) * | 2000-12-05 | 2004-12-16 | Bowdish Katherine S. | Rationally designed antibodies |
ATE414720T1 (en) * | 2000-12-05 | 2008-12-15 | Alexion Pharma Inc | RATIONALLY DESIGNED ANTIBODIES |
US7396917B2 (en) * | 2000-12-05 | 2008-07-08 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Rationally designed antibodies |
US20040198661A1 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2004-10-07 | Bowdish Katherine S. | Polypeptides and antibodies derived from chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and uses thereof |
US20060057651A1 (en) | 2000-12-08 | 2006-03-16 | Bowdish Katherine S | Polypeptides and antibodies derived from chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and uses thereof |
US7408041B2 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2008-08-05 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Polypeptides and antibodies derived from chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and uses thereof |
US9249229B2 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2016-02-02 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Polypeptides and antibodies derived from chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and uses thereof |
WO2002059280A2 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2002-08-01 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell line and its use for producing an antibody |
ES2649037T3 (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2018-01-09 | Medimmune, Llc | Molecules with prolonged half-lives, compositions and uses thereof |
EP1360288B1 (en) | 2000-12-18 | 2011-02-16 | Dyax Corp. | Focused libraries of genetic packages |
CA2447832C (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2012-09-25 | Jamshid Tanha | Phage display libraries of human vh fragments |
WO2002051438A2 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-04 | MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Use of repulsive guidance molecule (rgm) and its modulators |
DZ3494A1 (en) | 2001-01-05 | 2002-07-11 | Pfizer | INSULIN ANALOGUE GROWTH FACTOR ANTI-RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES |
CA2437811A1 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2002-08-22 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Human g-protein chemokine receptor (ccr5) hdgnr10 |
US7087726B2 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2006-08-08 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-interferon-α antibodies |
WO2002068623A2 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2002-09-06 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Genes encoding proteolytic enzymes from aspargilli |
WO2002070662A2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-12 | Gpc Biotech Ag | Three hybrid assay system |
AU2002250236A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-19 | Medimmune, Inc. | Cd2 antagonists for treatment of autoimmune or inflammatory disease |
CA2342376C (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2013-11-12 | Marco Colonna | A receptor trem (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells) and uses thereof |
US8231878B2 (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2012-07-31 | Cosmo Research & Development S.P.A. | Receptor trem (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells) and uses thereof |
US20090081199A1 (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2009-03-26 | Bioxell S.P.A. | Novel receptor trem (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells) and uses thereof |
US8981061B2 (en) | 2001-03-20 | 2015-03-17 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Receptor TREM (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells) and uses thereof |
EP2294917A1 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2011-03-16 | Abbott GmbH & Co. KG | Transgenic animals expressing antibodies specific for genes of interest and uses thereof |
MXPA03008959A (en) | 2001-04-02 | 2004-10-15 | Wyeth Corp | Pd-1, a receptor for b7-4, and uses therefor. |
DE60236646D1 (en) | 2001-04-13 | 2010-07-22 | Human Genome Sciences Inc | Anti-VEGF-2 antibodies |
JP2005501518A (en) | 2001-04-16 | 2005-01-20 | ワイス・ホールディングズ・コーポレイション | Novel Streptococcus pneumoniae open reading frame encoding polypeptide antigen and use thereof |
US6914123B2 (en) * | 2001-04-17 | 2005-07-05 | Genentech, Inc. | Hairpin peptides with a novel structural motif and methods relating thereto |
US7244853B2 (en) | 2001-05-09 | 2007-07-17 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Dioxanes and uses thereof |
JP4309758B2 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2009-08-05 | ヒューマン ジノーム サイエンシーズ, インコーポレイテッド | Antibodies that immunospecifically bind to TRAIL receptors |
CA2469843A1 (en) * | 2001-06-04 | 2002-12-12 | Ikonisys Inc. | Method for detecting infectious agents using computer controlled automated image analysis |
US20050164515A9 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2005-07-28 | Belcher Angela M. | Biological control of nanoparticle nucleation, shape and crystal phase |
US20030148380A1 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2003-08-07 | Belcher Angela M. | Molecular recognition of materials |
US20030113714A1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-06-19 | Belcher Angela M. | Biological control of nanoparticles |
US20070160576A1 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2007-07-12 | Genentech, Inc. | IL-17A/F heterologous polypeptides and therapeutic uses thereof |
CA2868614A1 (en) | 2001-06-08 | 2002-12-08 | Abbott Laboratories (Bermuda) Ltd. | Methods of administering anti-tnf.alpha. antibodies |
EP2000545B1 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2011-08-31 | Genentech, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of lung tumor |
US20050107595A1 (en) * | 2001-06-20 | 2005-05-19 | Genentech, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor |
US7803915B2 (en) * | 2001-06-20 | 2010-09-28 | Genentech, Inc. | Antibody compositions for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor |
EP1572880B1 (en) | 2001-06-22 | 2014-01-22 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Defensin polynucleotides and methods of use |
AU2002320314A1 (en) | 2001-07-05 | 2003-01-21 | Chiron, Corporation | Polynucleotides encoding antigenic hiv type c polypeptides, polypeptides and uses thereof |
EP1409694A4 (en) * | 2001-07-05 | 2006-02-08 | Chiron Corp | Polynucleotides encoding antigenic hiv type b and/or type c polypeptides, polypeptides and uses thereof |
DE10135039C1 (en) * | 2001-07-18 | 2003-03-13 | Nemod Immuntherapie Ag | Method for isolating large variances of specific molecules for a target molecule from phagemid gene libraries |
US6867189B2 (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2005-03-15 | Genset S.A. | Use of adipsin/complement factor D in the treatment of metabolic related disorders |
KR100458083B1 (en) * | 2001-08-29 | 2004-11-18 | 주식회사 아이지세라피 | Method for the construction of phage display library using helper phage variants |
AU2002316578A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-18 | Chiron Corporation | Polynucleotides encoding antigenic hiv type b polypeptides, polypeptides and uses thereof |
US20030170614A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-09-11 | Megede Jan Zur | Polynucleotides encoding antigenic HIV type B polypeptides, polypeptides and uses thereof |
US20040142325A1 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2004-07-22 | Liat Mintz | Methods and systems for annotating biomolecular sequences |
WO2003024480A2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-03-27 | Cytos Biotechnology Ag | In vivo activation of antigen presenting cells for enhancement of immune responses induced by virus like particles |
KR101008758B1 (en) | 2001-09-18 | 2011-01-14 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Compositions and Methods for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumor |
US20030073104A1 (en) * | 2001-10-02 | 2003-04-17 | Belcher Angela M. | Nanoscaling ordering of hybrid materials using genetically engineered mesoscale virus |
US20050123925A1 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2005-06-09 | Genentech, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor |
AR039067A1 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2005-02-09 | Pfizer Prod Inc | ANTIBODIES FOR CD40 |
AU2002361385B2 (en) | 2001-12-18 | 2009-11-19 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Cnrs | Novel death associated proteins of the THAP family and related Par4 pathways involved in apoptosis control |
US7858297B2 (en) | 2001-12-18 | 2010-12-28 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Cnrs | Chemokine-binding protein and methods of use |
AU2002359721A1 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2003-07-09 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Pichia pastoris formate dehydrogenase and uses therefor |
PT1463751E (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2013-08-26 | Human Genome Sciences Inc | Albumin fusion proteins |
KR100623128B1 (en) | 2002-01-02 | 2006-09-14 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Compositions and Methods for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumor |
EP1461001A4 (en) * | 2002-01-03 | 2010-03-31 | Scripps Research Inst | Cancer-associated epitope |
EP1534739A4 (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2006-05-31 | Bristol Myers Squibb Co | Identification of polynucleotides and polypeptide for predicting activity of compounds that interact with protein tyrosine kinases and/or protein tyrosine kinase pathways |
US7094579B2 (en) | 2002-02-13 | 2006-08-22 | Xoma Technology Ltd. | Eukaryotic signal sequences for prokaryotic expression |
US7473534B2 (en) | 2002-03-01 | 2009-01-06 | Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. | Assays for cancer patient monitoring based on levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) extracellular domain (ECD) analyte, alone or in combination with other analytes, in body fluid samples |
AU2003213594A1 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2003-09-16 | Bayer Corporation | Assays for cancer patient monitoring based on levels of analyte components of the plasminogen activator system in body fluid samples |
CA2480962A1 (en) | 2002-03-07 | 2003-09-18 | The Forsyth Institute | Immunogenicity of glucan binding protein |
WO2003085093A2 (en) * | 2002-04-01 | 2003-10-16 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Antibodies that specifically bind to gmad |
GB0207533D0 (en) | 2002-04-02 | 2002-05-08 | Oxford Glycosciences Uk Ltd | Protein |
US7745192B2 (en) | 2002-04-03 | 2010-06-29 | Venomics Pty Limited | Prothrombin activating protein |
AU2003226065B2 (en) | 2002-04-12 | 2009-02-26 | Ludwig Institute For Cancer Research, Ltd | Recombinant anti-interleukin-9 antibodies |
MXPA04010092A (en) | 2002-04-16 | 2004-12-13 | Genentech Inc | Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor. |
US20030206898A1 (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2003-11-06 | Steven Fischkoff | Use of anti-TNFalpha antibodies and another drug |
SI1506291T1 (en) | 2002-05-21 | 2010-10-29 | Dsm Ip Assets Bv | Novel phospholipases and uses thereof |
NZ556507A (en) * | 2002-06-03 | 2010-03-26 | Genentech Inc | Synthetic antibody phage libraries |
EP2305710A3 (en) | 2002-06-03 | 2013-05-29 | Genentech, Inc. | Synthetic antibody phage libraries |
US7563882B2 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2009-07-21 | University Of Rochester | Polynucleotides encoding antibodies that bind to the C35 polypeptide |
US9321992B2 (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2016-04-26 | Case Western Reserve University | Cell targeting methods and compositions |
US7425618B2 (en) | 2002-06-14 | 2008-09-16 | Medimmune, Inc. | Stabilized anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antibody formulations |
AU2003247582A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2004-01-06 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Plastid division and related genes and proteins, and methods of use |
USRE47770E1 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2019-12-17 | Merus N.V. | Recombinant production of mixtures of antibodies |
CA2872136C (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2017-06-20 | Merus B.V. | Recombinant production of mixtures of antibodies |
EP2298810A3 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2011-08-03 | Abbott Biotechnology Ltd | Treatment of TNF alpha related disorders |
US7250551B2 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2007-07-31 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Transgenic mice expressing inducible human p25 |
EA200500330A1 (en) | 2002-08-10 | 2006-06-30 | Йейл Юниверсити | ANTAGONISTS NOGO RECEPTORS |
US20040067532A1 (en) * | 2002-08-12 | 2004-04-08 | Genetastix Corporation | High throughput generation and affinity maturation of humanized antibody |
CA2495251C (en) | 2002-08-14 | 2018-03-06 | Macrogenics, Inc. | Fc.gamma.riib-specific antibodies and methods of use thereof |
PL214792B1 (en) | 2002-08-19 | 2013-09-30 | Dsm Ip Assets B V | Isolated polynucleotides, vector, method of manufacturing polynucleotides, isolated lipolytic enzymes, recombined lipolytic enzyme, method of manufacturing lipolytic enzymes, the recombined host cells, purified antibodies, fusion protein, method of manufacturing dough, method of manufacturing bakery product and the application of lipolytic enzyme |
DE10238846A1 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2004-03-04 | Nemod Immuntherapie Ag | Active fusion proteins and processes for their production |
JP2006514823A (en) | 2002-08-20 | 2006-05-18 | ミレニアム ファーマスーティカルズ インク | Compositions, kits and methods for identifying, evaluating, preventing and treating cervical cancer |
US7455989B2 (en) | 2002-08-20 | 2008-11-25 | Yeda Research And Development Co. Ltd. | AKAP84 and its use for visualization of biological structures |
EP1575515A4 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2007-08-08 | Genentech Inc | Achaete-scute like-2 polypeptides and encoding nucleic acids and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor |
JP2006502167A (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2006-01-19 | バイオポリマー エンジニアリング,インコーポレイテッド | Cancer treatment using whole glucan particles and antibodies |
DE60332358D1 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2010-06-10 | Hanall Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | PROTEASE-RESISTANT MODIFIED INTERFERON ALPHA POLYPEPTIDE |
US20050064508A1 (en) | 2003-09-22 | 2005-03-24 | Semzyme | Peptide mediated synthesis of metallic and magnetic materials |
US7255860B2 (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2007-08-14 | Rinat Neuroscience Corp. | Methods for treating post-surgical pain by administering an anti-nerve growth factor antagonist antibody |
WO2004032870A2 (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2004-04-22 | Rinat Neuroscience Corp. | Methods for treating post-surgical pain by admisnistering a nerve growth factor antagonist and compositions containing the same |
EP1633786A4 (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2007-07-25 | Rinat Neuroscience Corp | Methods of treating alzheimer s disease using antibodies directed against amyloid beta peptide and compositions thereof |
WO2004035537A2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2004-04-29 | Euro-Celtique S.A. | Antibodies that bind cell-associated ca 125/o772p and methods of use thereof |
ES2347239T3 (en) * | 2002-12-02 | 2010-10-27 | Amgen Fremont Inc. | ANTIBODIES DIRECTED TO THE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR AND USES OF THE SAME. |
US7056702B2 (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2006-06-06 | Kimberly Clark Co | Detecting lipocalin |
AU2003300397A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-07-22 | Rinat Neuroscience Corp. | Methods for treating taxol-induced sensory neuropathy |
WO2004058968A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-07-15 | Apalexo Biotechnologie Gmbh | Purification of recombinant filamental bacteriophages by means of affinity chromatography to increase the immunogenicity and efficacy of phagic vaccines |
PT2270048E (en) * | 2002-12-24 | 2016-02-10 | Rinat Neuroscience Corp | Anti-ngf antibodies and methods using same |
US7569364B2 (en) | 2002-12-24 | 2009-08-04 | Pfizer Inc. | Anti-NGF antibodies and methods using same |
US9498530B2 (en) | 2002-12-24 | 2016-11-22 | Rinat Neuroscience Corp. | Methods for treating osteoarthritis pain by administering a nerve growth factor antagonist and compositions containing the same |
DK1587907T3 (en) | 2003-01-07 | 2011-04-04 | Dyax Corp | Kunitz domain library |
WO2004065416A2 (en) * | 2003-01-16 | 2004-08-05 | Genentech, Inc. | Synthetic antibody phage libraries |
JP2006518997A (en) * | 2003-01-21 | 2006-08-24 | ブリストル−マイヤーズ スクイブ カンパニー | Novel acyl coenzyme A: polynucleotide encoding monoacylglycerol acyltransferase-3 (MGAT3) and uses thereof |
JP4748685B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2011-08-17 | プロメガ コーポレイション | Covalent tethering of functional groups to proteins |
DE10303974A1 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2004-08-05 | Abbott Gmbh & Co. Kg | Amyloid β (1-42) oligomers, process for their preparation and their use |
US7429472B2 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2008-09-30 | Promega Corporation | Method of immobilizing a protein or molecule via a mutant dehalogenase that is bound to an immobilized dehalogenase substrate and linked directly or indirectly to the protein or molecule |
EP1592777A4 (en) * | 2003-02-01 | 2008-06-04 | Tanox Inc | A method for generating high affinity antibodies |
US7655231B2 (en) * | 2003-02-19 | 2010-02-02 | Pfizer Inc. | Methods for treating pain by administering a nerve growth factor antagonist and an NSAID |
US7662387B2 (en) | 2003-02-20 | 2010-02-16 | Seattle Genetics | Anti-cd70 antibody-drug conjugates and their use for the treatment of cancer and immune disorders |
US20040180387A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-09-16 | Fujirebio Diagnostics, Inc. | Detection of urinary mesothelin-/megakaryocyte potentiating factor-related peptides for assessment of ovarian cancer |
EP1606409B1 (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2010-09-01 | Biogen Idec MA Inc. | Nogo receptor binding protein |
WO2004084836A2 (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2004-10-07 | Rinat Neuroscience Corp. | Methods for treating taxol-induced gut disorder |
US7294701B2 (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2007-11-13 | Technion Research & Development Foundation Ltd. | Antibody fragment capable of modulating multidrug resistance and compositions and kits and methods using same |
KR20120035234A (en) | 2003-04-11 | 2012-04-13 | 메디뮨 엘엘씨 | Recombinant il-9 antibodies and uses thereof |
TWI353991B (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2011-12-11 | Syntonix Pharmaceuticals Inc | Immunoglobulin chimeric monomer-dimer hybrids |
US20050014932A1 (en) | 2003-05-15 | 2005-01-20 | Iogenetics, Llc | Targeted biocides |
CA2527694C (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2015-07-14 | Hendricus Renerus Jacobus Mattheus Hoogenboom | Fab library for the preparation of anti vegf and anti rabies virus fabs |
US9708410B2 (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2017-07-18 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Anti-tissue factor antibodies and compositions |
KR20180132969A (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2018-12-12 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Treatment with anti-VEGF antibodies |
US20100069614A1 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2010-03-18 | Merus B.V. | Antibody producing non-human mammals |
PL1636593T3 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2009-08-31 | Genentech Inc | Modulating the interaction between hgf beta chain and c-met |
WO2005004794A2 (en) | 2003-06-09 | 2005-01-20 | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Method of treating neurodegenerative disease |
AU2004256425A1 (en) * | 2003-06-09 | 2005-01-20 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Compositions and methods for treating and diagnosing cancer |
SI2784084T2 (en) | 2003-07-08 | 2024-02-29 | Novartis Pharma Ag | Antagonist antibodies to IL-17A/F heterologous polypeptides |
US20050058658A1 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2005-03-17 | Barros Research Institute | Compositions and methods for immunotherapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
EP1644408A1 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2006-04-12 | Barros Research Institute | Eimeria tenella antigen for immunotherapy of coccidiosis |
US7727752B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2010-06-01 | Life Technologies Corporation | Kinase and phosphatase assays |
US7758859B2 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2010-07-20 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-VEGF antibodies |
US20050106667A1 (en) | 2003-08-01 | 2005-05-19 | Genentech, Inc | Binding polypeptides with restricted diversity sequences |
HN2004000285A (en) | 2003-08-04 | 2006-04-27 | Pfizer Prod Inc | ANTIBODIES DIRECTED TO c-MET |
AU2004263896A1 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2005-02-17 | Genenews Inc. | Osteoarthritis biomarkers and uses thereof |
US20050048617A1 (en) | 2003-08-18 | 2005-03-03 | Medimmune, Inc. | Humanization of antibodies |
TR200600945T1 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2006-10-26 | The Scripps Research Institute | Therapeutic methods. |
EP1668026A1 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2006-06-14 | The Scripps Research Institute | Detection of cholesterol ozonation products |
AR045563A1 (en) | 2003-09-10 | 2005-11-02 | Warner Lambert Co | ANTIBODIES DIRECTED TO M-CSF |
IL158287A0 (en) | 2003-10-07 | 2004-05-12 | Yeda Res & Dev | Antibodies to nik, their preparation and use |
CN1964986A (en) | 2003-10-07 | 2007-05-16 | 千年药品公司 | Nucleic acid molecules and proteins for the identification, assessment, prevention, and therapy of ovarian cancer |
DK1677735T3 (en) | 2003-10-17 | 2014-10-27 | Joslin Diabetes Center Inc | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR MODULATING ADIPOCYTE FUNCTION |
US7329725B1 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2008-02-12 | Nastech Pharmaceutical Company Inc. | Phage displayed Trp cage ligands |
GB0325836D0 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2003-12-10 | Celltech R&D Ltd | Biological products |
AU2004290070A1 (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2005-05-26 | Biogen Idec Ma Inc. | Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-binding polypeptide variants, dimeric Fc binding proteins and methods related thereto |
US20050100965A1 (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2005-05-12 | Tariq Ghayur | IL-18 binding proteins |
SI2161283T1 (en) | 2003-11-17 | 2014-10-30 | Genentech, Inc. | Compositions comprising antibodies against CD79b conjugated to a growth inhibitory agent or cytotoxic agent and methods for the treatment of tumor of hematopoietic origin |
AU2004292393C1 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2011-08-04 | Ucb Pharma S.A. | Method for the treatment of multiple sclerosis by inhibiting IL-17 activity |
EP1708751B1 (en) * | 2003-12-04 | 2011-09-28 | Vaccinex, Inc. | Methods of killing tumor cells by targeting internal antigens exposed on apoptotic tumor cells |
AU2004298483A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 | 2005-06-30 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods and compositions for inhibiting c-met dimerization and activation |
GB0329825D0 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2004-01-28 | Celltech R&D Ltd | Biological products |
SG166768A1 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2010-12-29 | Rinat Neuroscience Corp | Agonist anti-trkc antibodies and methods using same |
US20050266425A1 (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2005-12-01 | Vaccinex, Inc. | Methods for producing and identifying multispecific antibodies |
JP4315982B2 (en) | 2004-01-09 | 2009-08-19 | ファイザー インコーポレイティッド | Antibodies against MAdCAM |
CA2553257A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2005-08-04 | Ohio University | Methods of producing peptides/proteins in plants and peptides/proteins produced thereby |
EP1737971B1 (en) | 2004-01-20 | 2017-08-16 | Merus N.V. | Mixtures of binding proteins |
EP1761561B1 (en) | 2004-01-20 | 2015-08-26 | KaloBios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Antibody specificity transfer using minimal essential binding determinants |
EP2444805A3 (en) | 2004-01-21 | 2012-06-20 | Fujirebio America, Inc. | Detection of mesothelin-/megakaryocyte potentiating factor-related peptides in peritoneal fluid for assessment of the peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity |
RU2385879C2 (en) | 2004-01-21 | 2010-04-10 | Ново Нордиск Хелс Кеа Аг | Method of conjugating peptides, mediated by transglutaminase |
GB2429207A (en) | 2004-02-02 | 2007-02-21 | Ambrx Inc | Modified human interferon polypeptides and their uses |
AU2005319099B2 (en) | 2004-02-02 | 2010-09-16 | Ambrx, Inc. | Modified human growth hormone |
EP1718767B1 (en) * | 2004-02-03 | 2012-04-11 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Compositions for treating breast and pancreatic cancer |
PL1729795T3 (en) | 2004-02-09 | 2016-08-31 | Human Genome Sciences Inc | Albumin fusion proteins |
CA2555820C (en) | 2004-02-19 | 2016-01-19 | Genentech, Inc. | Cdr-repaired antibodies |
CA2560066A1 (en) | 2004-03-01 | 2005-09-15 | The Cbr Institute For Biomedical Research, Inc. | Natural igm antibodies and inhibitors thereof |
JP2007529718A (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2007-10-25 | ザ スクリップス リサーチ インスティチュート | Fluorescent signal emitting live cell biosensor molecules and dyes for the detection and quantification of protein activity |
EP2293069A3 (en) | 2004-03-24 | 2011-09-21 | Tripath Imaging, Inc. | Methods and compositions for the detection of cervical disease |
EP1786463A4 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2009-05-20 | Human Genome Sciences Inc | Antibodies against nogo receptor |
WO2005097832A2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Genentech, Inc. | Humanized anti-tgf-beta antibodies |
HUE037549T2 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2018-09-28 | Rinat Neuroscience Corp | Methods for treating bone cancer pain by administering a nerve growth factor antagonistic antibody |
US7794713B2 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2010-09-14 | Lpath, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the treatment and prevention of hyperproliferative diseases |
US7785903B2 (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2010-08-31 | Genentech, Inc. | Variable domain library and uses |
TW201705980A (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2017-02-16 | 艾伯維生物技術有限責任公司 | Multiple-variable dose regimen for treating TNF[alpha]-related disorders |
JP4659025B2 (en) | 2004-04-15 | 2011-03-30 | ユニバーシティ オブ フロリダ リサーチ ファンデーション インコーポレーティッド | Neuroproteins as biomarkers for nervous system injury and other neurological disorders |
AU2005250333A1 (en) * | 2004-04-16 | 2005-12-15 | Genentech, Inc. | Omi PDZ modulators |
US8623812B2 (en) | 2004-04-19 | 2014-01-07 | Ohio University | Cross-linkable glycoproteins and methods of making the same |
WO2005103086A1 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2005-11-03 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland letztvertreten durch das Robert-Koch-Institut vertreten durch seinen Präsidenten | Method for the treatment of t cell mediated conditions by depletion of icos-positive cells in vivo |
US20060292554A1 (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2006-12-28 | Genentech, Inc. | Major coat protein variants for C-terminal and bi-terminal display |
EP1602928A1 (en) * | 2004-06-01 | 2005-12-07 | Universiteit Maastricht | Process and kit for determining binding parameters of bioaffinity binding reactions |
DK1754052T3 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2015-09-28 | Phylogica Ltd | Modulators with biochemical properties |
EP2270034A3 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2011-06-01 | Athlomics Pty Ltd | Agents and methods for diagnosing stress |
US7604947B2 (en) * | 2004-06-09 | 2009-10-20 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Detection and modulation of cancer stem cells |
KR101699142B1 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2017-01-23 | 암브룩스, 인코포레이티드 | Novel antigen-binding polypeptides and their uses |
GB0414054D0 (en) | 2004-06-23 | 2004-07-28 | Owen Mumford Ltd | Improvements relating to automatic injection devices |
JP4960865B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2012-06-27 | バイオジェン・アイデック・エムエイ・インコーポレイテッド | Treatment of conditions related to demyelination |
US6986264B1 (en) * | 2004-07-15 | 2006-01-17 | Carrier Corporation | Economized dehumidification system |
MX2007000610A (en) | 2004-07-16 | 2007-03-07 | Pfizer Prod Inc | Combination treatment for non-hematologic malignancies using an anti-ogf-1r antibody. |
US7740846B2 (en) | 2004-07-20 | 2010-06-22 | Genentech, Inc. | Inhibitors of angiopoietin-like 4 protein, combinations, and their use |
US8604185B2 (en) | 2004-07-20 | 2013-12-10 | Genentech, Inc. | Inhibitors of angiopoietin-like 4 protein, combinations, and their use |
EP1771573A4 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2009-02-18 | Ambrx Inc | Biosynthetic polypeptides utilizing non-naturally encoded amino acids |
US7342093B2 (en) | 2004-07-23 | 2008-03-11 | University Of Massachusetts | Compounds that inhibit Hsp90 protein-protein interactions with IAP proteins |
US20070087400A1 (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2007-04-19 | Aldis Darzins | Covalent tethering of functional groups to proteins and substrates therefor |
EP2298807A3 (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2011-05-18 | Rinat Neuroscience Corp. | Antibodies directed against amyloid-beta peptide and methods using same |
US7425436B2 (en) | 2004-07-30 | 2008-09-16 | Promega Corporation | Covalent tethering of functional groups to proteins and substrates therefor |
CN101014245A (en) | 2004-08-03 | 2007-08-08 | 比奥根艾迪克Ma公司 | Taj in neuronal function |
PT2322556E (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2016-02-15 | Genentech Inc | Humanized anti-beta7 antagonists and uses therefor |
WO2006034292A2 (en) | 2004-09-21 | 2006-03-30 | Medimmune, Inc. | Antibodies against and methods for producing vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus |
WO2006047417A2 (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2006-05-04 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Detection of cannabinoid receptor biomarkers and uses thereof |
EP2311433A3 (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2011-08-10 | Genentech, Inc. | Method for treating intraocular neovascular diseases |
EP2422811A2 (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2012-02-29 | MedImmune, LLC | Modulation of antibody specificity by tailoring the affinity to cognate antigens |
US7998930B2 (en) | 2004-11-04 | 2011-08-16 | Hanall Biopharma Co., Ltd. | Modified growth hormones |
GB0426146D0 (en) | 2004-11-29 | 2004-12-29 | Bioxell Spa | Therapeutic peptides and method |
RU2007126985A (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2009-01-27 | Дженентек, Инк. (Us) | METHODS FOR TREATING AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES |
EP1836298B1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2012-01-18 | Ambrx, Inc. | COMPOSITIONS OF AMINOACYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE AND USES THEREOF |
US7816320B2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2010-10-19 | Ambrx, Inc. | Formulations of human growth hormone comprising a non-naturally encoded amino acid at position 35 |
NZ588430A (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2012-10-26 | Genentech Inc | Methods for producing soluble multi-membrane-spanning proteins |
US8080391B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2011-12-20 | Ambrx, Inc. | Process of producing non-naturally encoded amino acid containing high conjugated to a water soluble polymer |
KR101404512B1 (en) | 2005-01-05 | 2015-01-29 | 에프-스타 비오테크놀로기쉐 포르슝스 운드 엔트비클룽스게스.엠.베.하. | Synthetic immunoglobulin domains with binding properties engineered in regions of the molecule different from the complementarity determining regions |
WO2006074397A2 (en) | 2005-01-05 | 2006-07-13 | Biogen Idec Ma Inc. | Cripto binding molecules |
GT200600031A (en) | 2005-01-28 | 2006-08-29 | ANTI-BETA ANTIBODY FORMULATION | |
US8029783B2 (en) | 2005-02-02 | 2011-10-04 | Genentech, Inc. | DR5 antibodies and articles of manufacture containing same |
JP5265923B2 (en) | 2005-02-07 | 2013-08-14 | ジーンニュース インコーポレーテッド | Biomarkers for mild osteoarthritis and uses thereof |
CN105535967B (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2022-05-03 | 杜克大学 | anti-CD 19 antibody and application thereof in oncology |
WO2006096565A2 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-14 | Curedm Inc. | Methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treating type 1 diabetes mellitus and other conditions |
US20090142338A1 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2009-06-04 | Curedm, Inc. | Methods and Compositions for Treating Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Related Conditions |
CA2597325A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-21 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods and compositions for modulating vascular integrity |
EP1869192B1 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2016-01-20 | MedImmune, LLC | Framework-shuffling of antibodies |
EP2491926B1 (en) | 2005-03-22 | 2018-05-09 | President and Fellows of Harvard College | Treatment of protein degradation disorders |
ES2716874T3 (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2019-06-17 | Genmab As | Antibodies against cd38 for the treatment of multiple myeloma |
GB0506912D0 (en) | 2005-04-05 | 2005-05-11 | Celltech R&D Ltd | Biological products |
EP3479844B1 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2023-11-22 | MacroGenics, Inc. | Covalent diabodies and uses thereof |
US20060269556A1 (en) * | 2005-04-18 | 2006-11-30 | Karl Nocka | Mast cell activation using siglec 6 antibodies |
AU2006236225C1 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2013-05-02 | Seagen Inc. | Humanized anti-CD70 binding agents and uses thereof |
DOP2006000093A (en) | 2005-04-25 | 2007-01-31 | Pfizer | ANTIBODIES AGAINST MYOSTATIN |
AR054260A1 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2007-06-13 | Rinat Neuroscience Corp | METHODS OF TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE LOWER MOTOR NEURONE AND COMPOSITIONS USED IN THE SAME |
MX2007013304A (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2007-12-13 | Pfizer | P-cadherin antibodies. |
US7595380B2 (en) | 2005-04-27 | 2009-09-29 | Tripath Imaging, Inc. | Monoclonal antibodies and methods for their use in the detection of cervical disease |
PA8672101A1 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-12-07 | Centocor Inc | ANTI-IL-6 ANTIBODIES, COMPOSITIONS, METHODS AND USES |
UY29504A1 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-10-31 | Rinat Neuroscience Corp | DIRECTED ANTIBODIES AGAINST BETA AMYLOID PEPTIDE AND METHODS USING THE SAME. |
CA2903138A1 (en) | 2005-05-16 | 2006-11-23 | Abbvie Biotechnology Ltd. | Use of tnfa inhibitor for treatment of erosive polyarthritis |
MX2007014474A (en) | 2005-05-17 | 2008-02-07 | Univ Connecticut | Compositions and methods for immunomodulation in an organism. |
CA2726759C (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2016-02-16 | Curedm Group Holdings, Llc | Human proislet peptide, derivatives and analogs thereof, and methods of using same |
ES2507069T3 (en) | 2005-05-27 | 2014-10-14 | Biogen Idec Ma Inc. | TWEAK binding antibodies |
ATE529442T1 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2011-11-15 | Ambrx Inc | IMPROVED HUMAN INTERFERON MOLECULES AND THEIR USES |
WO2006132788A2 (en) | 2005-06-06 | 2006-12-14 | Genentech, Inc. | Transgenic models for different genes and their use for gene characterization |
WO2006135886A2 (en) * | 2005-06-13 | 2006-12-21 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Compositions and methods for treating and diagnosing cancer |
CN104926938B (en) | 2005-06-17 | 2019-06-04 | 惠氏有限责任公司 | The method of purifying Fc region containing proteins |
EP1893647A2 (en) | 2005-06-23 | 2008-03-05 | MedImmune, Inc. | Antibody formulations having optimized aggregation and fragmentation profiles |
EP3501537A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2019-06-26 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Anti-il23 antibodies, compositions, methods and uses |
TW201444869A (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2014-12-01 | Abbvie Inc | IL-12/P40 binding proteins |
EP1910565A4 (en) | 2005-07-07 | 2009-10-28 | Athlomics Pty Ltd | Polynucleotide marker genes and their expression, for diagnosis of endotoxemia |
WO2007008604A2 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-01-18 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with dose-dependent edema and methods of use thereof |
KR101245462B1 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2013-03-20 | 바이오겐 아이덱 엠에이 인코포레이티드 | Sp35 antibodies and uses thereof |
RU2486204C2 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2013-06-27 | Уай'З Терапьютикс Ко., Лтд. | Cd26 antibodies and methods of using them |
AU2006274698B2 (en) | 2005-08-02 | 2011-06-09 | Xbiotech, Inc. | Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular disorders using IL-1a autoantibodies |
JP2009502180A (en) | 2005-08-03 | 2009-01-29 | アデレイド リサーチ アンド イノベーション ピーティーワイ リミテッド | Polysaccharide synthase |
ZA200800970B (en) | 2005-08-15 | 2009-10-28 | Genentech Inc | Gene disruptions, compositions and methods relating thereto |
AU2005335491B2 (en) | 2005-08-18 | 2010-11-25 | Ambrx, Inc. | Compositions of tRNA and uses thereof |
US7612181B2 (en) | 2005-08-19 | 2009-11-03 | Abbott Laboratories | Dual variable domain immunoglobulin and uses thereof |
US20070041905A1 (en) | 2005-08-19 | 2007-02-22 | Hoffman Rebecca S | Method of treating depression using a TNF-alpha antibody |
US20070202512A1 (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-08-30 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Human single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with dose-dependent weight gain and methods of use thereof |
US20090215992A1 (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2009-08-27 | Chengbin Wu | Dual variable domain immunoglobulin and uses thereof |
SG2014010029A (en) | 2005-08-19 | 2014-08-28 | Abbott Lab | Dual variable domain immunoglobin and uses thereof |
EP2500355A3 (en) | 2005-08-19 | 2012-10-24 | Abbott Laboratories | Dual variable domain immunoglobulin and uses thereof |
PT2447283E (en) | 2005-09-07 | 2015-10-08 | Pfizer | Human monoclonal antibodies to activin receptor-like kinase-1 (alk-1) |
JP2009507980A (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2009-02-26 | ユセベ ファルマ ソシエテ アノニム | Comb polymer |
EP1928905B1 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2015-04-15 | AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG | Binding domains of proteins of the repulsive guidance molecule (rgm) protein family and functional fragments thereof, and their use |
KR101176830B1 (en) | 2005-10-17 | 2012-08-27 | 주식회사 아이지세라피 | Novel method for phage display |
WO2007048074A1 (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2007-04-26 | Genenews Inc. | Method and apparatus for correlating levels of biomarker products with disease |
ES2526705T3 (en) | 2005-10-25 | 2015-01-14 | The Johns Hopkins University | Methods and compositions for the treatment of Marfan syndrome and associated disorders |
US7723477B2 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2010-05-25 | Oncomed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions and methods for inhibiting Wnt-dependent solid tumor cell growth |
CA2628255C (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2016-04-19 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Compositions and methods for treating and diagnosing cancer |
CA2628116A1 (en) | 2005-10-31 | 2007-12-13 | Oncomed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions and methods for diagnosing and treating cancer |
EP1948235B1 (en) | 2005-11-01 | 2013-08-28 | AbbVie Biotechnology Ltd | Methods for determining efficacy of adalimumab in subjects having ankylosing spondylitis using ctx-ii and mmp3 as biomarkers |
CA2628451A1 (en) | 2005-11-04 | 2007-05-18 | Biogen Idec Ma Inc. | Methods for promoting neurite outgrowth and survival of dopaminergic neurons |
EP1945261A4 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2010-05-12 | Scripps Research Inst | Compositions and methods for controlling tissue factor signaling specificity |
EP2465870A1 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2012-06-20 | Genentech, Inc. | Binding polypeptides with diversified and consensus VH/VL hypervariable sequences |
UA96139C2 (en) | 2005-11-08 | 2011-10-10 | Дженентек, Інк. | Anti-neuropilin-1 (nrp1) antibody |
DE602006020480D1 (en) * | 2005-11-08 | 2011-04-14 | Ambrx Inc | ACCELERATOR FOR THE MODIFICATION OF NON-NATURAL AMINO ACIDS AND NON-NATURAL AMINO ACID POLYPEPTIDES |
ATE547709T1 (en) | 2005-11-14 | 2012-03-15 | Metamol Theranostics Llc | TUMOR INVASION PROMOTING PEPTIDE SEQUENCE |
RS57194B1 (en) | 2005-11-14 | 2018-07-31 | Teva Pharmaceuticals Int Gmbh | Antagonist antibodies directed against calcitonin gene-related peptide for treating cluster headache |
PT2339014E (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2015-10-13 | Ambrx Inc | Methods and compositions comprising non-natural amino acids |
ZA200804162B (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2009-12-30 | Genentech Inc | Novel gene disruptions, compositions and methods relating thereto |
US20070122413A1 (en) | 2005-11-28 | 2007-05-31 | Sivakumar Pallavur V | Il-21 antagonists |
DK1976877T4 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2017-01-16 | Abbvie Inc | Monoclonal antibodies to amyloid beta protein and uses thereof |
KR20080090408A (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2008-10-08 | 아보트 러보러터리즈 | Anti-abeta; globulomer antibodies, antigen-binding moieties thereof, corresponding hybridomas, nucleic acids, vectors, host cells, methods of producing said antibodies, compositions comprising said antibodies, uses of said antibodies and methods of using said antibodies |
AU2006350038B2 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2011-09-15 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Pathogen detection biosensor |
US20070237764A1 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-10-11 | Genentech, Inc. | Binding polypeptides with restricted diversity sequences |
AU2006342792A1 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2007-11-08 | Genentech, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the treatment of diseases and disorders associated with cytokine signaling involving antibodies that bind to IL-22 and IL-22R |
US8957187B2 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2015-02-17 | Genentech, Inc. | Binding polypeptides and uses thereof |
JP5312039B2 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2013-10-09 | バイオジェン・アイデック・エムエイ・インコーポレイテッド | Treatment of conditions involving demyelination |
PT1960430E (en) | 2005-12-09 | 2015-01-05 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Antibody molecules having specificity for human il-6 |
EP1968635B1 (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2014-09-17 | Ambrx, Inc. | Compositions containing, methods involving, and uses of non-natural amino acids and polypeptides |
RU2008128134A (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2010-01-20 | Дженентек, Инк. (Us) | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR OBJECTIVING POLYUBIKVITIN |
US10183986B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2019-01-22 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Trimeric collagen scaffold antibodies |
US20070264687A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2007-11-15 | Min-Yuan Chou | Recombinant triplex scaffold-based polypeptides |
US7632498B2 (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2009-12-15 | Tripath Imaging, Inc. | MCM6 and MCM7 monoclonal antibodies and methods for their use in the detection of cervical disease |
PL1971366T3 (en) | 2005-12-29 | 2015-01-30 | Janssen Biotech Inc | Human anti-il-23 antibodies, compositions, methods and uses |
SI1973950T1 (en) | 2006-01-05 | 2015-01-30 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-ephb4 antibodies and methods using the same |
ES2586825T3 (en) | 2006-01-12 | 2016-10-19 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Antibodies for OX-2 / CD200 and their uses |
EP1981902B1 (en) | 2006-01-27 | 2015-07-29 | Biogen MA Inc. | Nogo receptor antagonists |
BRPI0707249A2 (en) | 2006-01-27 | 2011-04-26 | Tripath Imaging Inc | methods to identify patients most likely to have ovarian cancer and compositions for the same |
EP1987361A4 (en) * | 2006-01-30 | 2009-03-04 | Invitrogen Corp | Compositions and methods for detecting and quantifying toxic substances in disease states |
US20070175313A1 (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2007-08-02 | Kevin Vandervliet | MP3 player holder assembly |
NZ569988A (en) | 2006-02-01 | 2011-09-30 | Cephalon Australia Pty Ltd | Domain antibody construct which binds to human TNF-alpha and contains a modified hinge region sequence and a truncated CH1 domain |
WO2008091349A1 (en) | 2006-02-14 | 2008-07-31 | The President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Bifunctional histone deacetylase inhibitors |
EP2050335A1 (en) | 2006-02-17 | 2009-04-22 | Genentech, Inc. | Gene disruptions, compositions and methods relating thereto |
CA2638912A1 (en) * | 2006-02-20 | 2007-08-30 | Phylogica Limited | Method of constructing and screening libraries of peptide structures |
TWI417301B (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2013-12-01 | Wyeth Corp | Antibodies against human il-22 and uses therefor |
WO2008121102A2 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2008-10-09 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Hedgehog signaling pathway antagonist cancer treatment |
TW200744634A (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2007-12-16 | Wyeth Corp | Methods of using antibodies against human IL-22 |
WO2007100640A2 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2007-09-07 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Growth hormone receptor antagonist cancer treatment |
WO2007100711A2 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-09-07 | Investigen, Inc. | Methods and compositions for detecting polynucleotides |
EP2540741A1 (en) | 2006-03-06 | 2013-01-02 | Aeres Biomedical Limited | Humanized anti-CD22 antibodies and their use in treatment of oncology, transplantation and autoimmune disease |
AR059851A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 | 2008-04-30 | Genentech Inc | ANTIBODIES OF EGFL7 AND METHODS OF USE |
EP2010569A4 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2009-09-09 | Xoma Technology Ltd | Human antibodies specific for gastrin materials and methods |
EP2007428A2 (en) | 2006-04-05 | 2008-12-31 | Genentech, Inc. | Method for using boc/cdo to modulate hedgehog signaling |
SG170837A1 (en) | 2006-04-05 | 2011-05-30 | Abbott Biotech Ltd | Antibody purification |
EP2007426A4 (en) | 2006-04-10 | 2010-06-16 | Abbott Biotech Ltd | Uses and compositions for treatment of psoriatic arthritis |
AU2007238186B2 (en) | 2006-04-10 | 2014-01-09 | Genentech, Inc. | Disheveled PDZ modulators |
EP2666479A3 (en) | 2006-04-10 | 2014-03-26 | Abbott Biotechnology Ltd | Uses and compositions for treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis |
CA2564435A1 (en) | 2006-04-10 | 2007-10-10 | Abbott Biotechnology Ltd. | Methods for monitoring and treating intestinal disorders |
JP2009536022A (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2009-10-08 | ジェネンテック・インコーポレーテッド | Novel gene disruption and related compositions and methods |
US7702468B2 (en) | 2006-05-03 | 2010-04-20 | Population Diagnostics, Inc. | Evaluating genetic disorders |
US10522240B2 (en) | 2006-05-03 | 2019-12-31 | Population Bio, Inc. | Evaluating genetic disorders |
CA2654540C (en) | 2006-05-03 | 2017-01-17 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Histone deacetylase and tubulin deacetylase inhibitors |
WO2007134050A2 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2007-11-22 | Genentech, Inc. | Binding polypeptides with optimized scaffolds |
WO2007134132A2 (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2007-11-22 | Genentech, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder and urinary tract tumors |
BRPI0711249A2 (en) | 2006-05-30 | 2012-03-13 | Genentech, Inc. | ANTIBODIES, POLYNUCLEOTIDES, VECTORS, HOST CELLS, METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING AN ANTIBODY, TO DETECTION THE PRESENCE OF CD2 IN A BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE, TO TREAT A PROLIFERATIVE B-CELL DIFFERENCE, CELL FOR PROLIBA CULAR, CELL FOR CIBLES ANTI-BODY DRUG CONJUGATE. IMMUNOCONJUGATES, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS, PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS, ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATE, ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATE COMPOUNDS, B-CELL DETECTION TEST AND MANUFACTURING ARTICLE |
US7862812B2 (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2011-01-04 | Lpath, Inc. | Methods for decreasing immune response and treating immune conditions |
GB0611116D0 (en) | 2006-06-06 | 2006-07-19 | Oxford Genome Sciences Uk Ltd | Proteins |
SG175615A1 (en) | 2006-06-06 | 2011-11-28 | Genentech Inc | Anti-dll4 antibodies and methods using same |
EP2044120B1 (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2019-01-30 | BioAlliance C.V. | Antibodies recognizing a carbohydrate containing epitope on cd-43 and cea expressed on cancer cells and methods using same |
SG10201504662WA (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2015-07-30 | Macrogenics Inc | Methods For The Treatment Of Autoimmune Disorders Using Immunosuppressive Monoclonal Antibodies With Reduced Toxicity |
HUE030269T2 (en) | 2006-06-26 | 2017-04-28 | Macrogenics Inc | Fc riib-specific antibodies and methods of use thereof |
DE102006030028A1 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2008-02-14 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | A method for finding bait-binding specific molecules and bait-binding molecules and their use |
EP2043711A4 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2017-08-30 | AbbVie Biotechnology Ltd | Automatic injection device |
US7572618B2 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2009-08-11 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Polynucleotides encoding novel PCSK9 variants |
AT503889B1 (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2011-12-15 | Star Biotechnologische Forschungs Und Entwicklungsges M B H F | MULTIVALENT IMMUNE LOBULINE |
KR20150033726A (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2015-04-01 | 카탈리스트 바이오사이언시즈, 인코포레이티드 | Protease screening methods and proteases identified thereby |
MY157757A (en) * | 2006-07-18 | 2016-07-15 | Sanofi Aventis | Antagonist antibody against epha2 for the treatment of cancer |
CN101522717A (en) | 2006-08-04 | 2009-09-02 | 阿斯利康(瑞典)有限公司 | Antibodies to erbb2 |
EP2057465A4 (en) | 2006-08-09 | 2010-04-21 | Homestead Clinical Corp | Organ-specific proteins and methods of their use |
EA021255B1 (en) | 2006-08-28 | 2015-05-29 | Киова Хакко Кирин Ко., Лимитед | Antagonistic human light-specific human monoclonal antibodies |
CN101611318B (en) | 2006-09-07 | 2015-03-04 | 奥塔哥创新有限公司 | Biomarkers |
DK2615108T3 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2017-01-30 | Ambrx Inc | Modified human plasma polypeptide or fc scaffolds and their applications |
WO2008030613A2 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-03-13 | Ambrx, Inc. | Hybrid suppressor trna for vertebrate cells |
SI3339445T1 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2020-12-31 | Abbvie Bahamas Ltd. | Interleukin -13 binding proteins |
WO2008030614A2 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-03-13 | Ambrx, Inc. | Suppressor trna transcription in vertebrate cells |
EP2386655B1 (en) | 2006-09-12 | 2014-11-19 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods and compositions for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer using KIT or KDG gene as genetic marker |
CA2663545A1 (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2008-03-27 | Phylogica Limited | Neuroprotective peptide inhibitors of ap-1 signaling and uses thereof |
DK2081595T3 (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2019-07-15 | Genmab As | ANTI-CD38 PLUS CORTICOSTEROID PLUS A NON-CORTICOSTEROID KEMOTERAPEUTIKA FOR TUMOR TREATMENT |
EP3357932A1 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2018-08-08 | OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions and methods for diagnosing and treating cancer |
TWI414531B (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2013-11-11 | Genentech Inc | Antibodies to lymphotoxin-alpha |
JP2010506839A (en) | 2006-10-12 | 2010-03-04 | ワイス エルエルシー | Methods and compositions with reduced opalescence |
WO2008048545A2 (en) | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-24 | Medimmune, Llc. | Molecules with reduced half-lives, compositions and uses thereof |
GB0620729D0 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2006-11-29 | Ucb Sa | Biological products |
EP1914242A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-04-23 | Sanofi-Aventis | Novel anti-CD38 antibodies for the treatment of cancer |
US20080096193A1 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-04-24 | Charles Robert Bupp | Methods and compositions for detecting polynucleotides |
ES2636089T3 (en) | 2006-10-27 | 2017-10-05 | Genentech, Inc. | Antibodies and immunoconjugates and uses for them |
CA2667697A1 (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2008-05-08 | Promega Corporation | Mutant hydrolase proteins with enhanced kinetics and functional expression |
CA2666317C (en) | 2006-11-03 | 2013-08-06 | Wyeth | Glycolysis-inhibiting substances in cell culture |
EP2094282A4 (en) | 2006-11-15 | 2010-05-05 | Functional Genetics Inc | Anti-tsg101 antibodies and their uses for treatment of viral infections |
US8785400B2 (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2014-07-22 | Curedm Group Holdings, Llc | Methods and compositions relating to islet cell neogenesis |
US7488807B2 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2009-02-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Antibody with protein A selectivity |
ATE555128T1 (en) | 2006-11-30 | 2012-05-15 | Res Dev Foundation | IMPROVED IMMUNOLOBULIN LIBRARIES |
US8455626B2 (en) | 2006-11-30 | 2013-06-04 | Abbott Laboratories | Aβ conformer selective anti-aβ globulomer monoclonal antibodies |
ES2523915T5 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2022-05-26 | Seagen Inc | Variant Target Binding Agents and Uses Thereof |
CA2673123C (en) | 2006-12-05 | 2019-04-30 | Decode Genetics Ehf. | Genetic markers for risk management of cardiac arrhythmia |
EP2687232A1 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2014-01-22 | MedImmune, LLC | Methods of treating systemic lupus erythematosus |
TW200831538A (en) | 2006-12-19 | 2008-08-01 | Genentech Inc | VEGF-specific antagonists for adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy and the treatment of early stage tumors |
EP3124045A3 (en) | 2006-12-20 | 2017-05-03 | Xoma (Us) Llc | Treatment of il-1 beta related diseases |
TW200833711A (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-08-16 | Genentech Inc | Antibodies to insulin-like growth factor receptor |
EP2913341A1 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2015-09-02 | University of Utah Research Foundation | Method of detecting ocular diseases and pathologic conditions and treatment of same |
RU2478400C2 (en) | 2006-12-27 | 2013-04-10 | Эмори Юниверсити | Compositions and methods of treating infections and tumours |
WO2008082651A2 (en) | 2006-12-29 | 2008-07-10 | Abbott Laboratories | Dual-specific il-1a/ il-1b antibodies |
CN101636168B (en) | 2007-01-09 | 2013-05-29 | 比奥根艾迪克Ma公司 | Sp35 antibodies and uses thereof |
US8128926B2 (en) | 2007-01-09 | 2012-03-06 | Biogen Idec Ma Inc. | Sp35 antibodies and uses thereof |
SG177982A1 (en) | 2007-01-16 | 2012-02-28 | Abbott Lab | Methods for treating psoriasis |
US8664364B2 (en) | 2007-01-24 | 2014-03-04 | Carnegie Mellon University | Optical biosensors |
EP2106439B1 (en) | 2007-01-24 | 2014-11-12 | The Regents of the University of Michigan | Compositions and methods for treating and diagnosing pancreatic cancer |
CA2677994A1 (en) | 2007-02-07 | 2008-08-14 | Decode Genetics Ehf. | Genetic variants contributing to risk of prostate cancer |
EP2468776A3 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2012-11-14 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-Robo4 antibodies and uses therefor |
WO2008101184A2 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-21 | The Board Of Trustees Of Southern Illinois University | Arl-1 specific antibodies |
US8685666B2 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2014-04-01 | The Board Of Trustees Of Southern Illinois University | ARL-1 specific antibodies and uses thereof |
AU2008218542B2 (en) | 2007-02-21 | 2014-06-26 | Decode Genetics Ehf. | Genetic susceptibility variants associated with cardiovascular disease |
WO2008103962A2 (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2008-08-28 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods for detecting inflammatory bowel disease |
US7771947B2 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2010-08-10 | Investigen, Inc. | Methods and compositions for rapid light-activated isolation and detection of analytes |
WO2008104803A2 (en) | 2007-02-26 | 2008-09-04 | Oxford Genome Sciences (Uk) Limited | Proteins |
EP3118221B1 (en) | 2007-02-26 | 2019-08-21 | Oxford BioTherapeutics Ltd | Proteins |
US20100311767A1 (en) | 2007-02-27 | 2010-12-09 | Abbott Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for the treatment of amyloidoses |
CN103214577B (en) | 2007-03-22 | 2015-09-02 | 生物基因Ma公司 | Specific binding CD154 comprises associated proteins of antibody, antibody derivatives and antibody fragment and uses thereof |
PL2121919T3 (en) | 2007-03-22 | 2012-07-31 | Heptares Therapeutics Ltd | Mutant g-protein coupled receptors and methods for selecting them |
US7960139B2 (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2011-06-14 | Academia Sinica | Alkynyl sugar analogs for the labeling and visualization of glycoconjugates in cells |
US8168760B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2012-05-01 | Abbott Laboratories | Crystalline anti-human IL-12 antibodies |
KR20140012199A (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2014-01-29 | 암브룩스, 인코포레이티드 | Modified fgf-21 polypeptides and their uses |
RU2491094C2 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2013-08-27 | Медиммун, Ллк | Antibody preparation |
AR065921A1 (en) | 2007-04-02 | 2009-07-08 | Amgen Fremont Inc | ANTI-IGE ANTIBODIES |
ATE501280T1 (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2011-03-15 | Chimera Biotec Gmbh | METHOD FOR DETECTING AN ANALYTE IN A BIOLOGICAL MATRIX |
US7807168B2 (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2010-10-05 | Vaccinex, Inc. | Selection of human TNFα specific antibodies |
AU2008239586B2 (en) | 2007-04-13 | 2013-09-26 | Catalyst Biosciences, Inc. | Modified factor VII polypetides and uses thereof |
CN103965347B (en) | 2007-05-02 | 2017-07-18 | Ambrx公司 | Modified interferon beta polypeptides and its purposes |
CA2685213C (en) | 2007-05-04 | 2017-02-21 | Technophage, Investigacao E Desenvolvimento Em Biotecnologia, Sa | Engineered rabbit antibody variable domains and uses thereof |
JP5575636B2 (en) | 2007-05-07 | 2014-08-20 | メディミューン,エルエルシー | Anti-ICOS antibodies and their use in the treatment of tumors, transplants and autoimmune diseases |
JP2010527356A (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2010-08-12 | メディミューン,エルエルシー | How to reduce eosinophil levels |
JP2010530359A (en) * | 2007-05-17 | 2010-09-09 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | Crystal structures of neuropilin fragments and neuropilin-antibody complexes |
NZ581858A (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2012-07-27 | Decode Genetics Ehf | Genetic variants on chr 5p12 and 10q26 as markers for use in breast cancer risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment |
US7906149B2 (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2011-03-15 | Boval Company, L.P. | Method for treating allergic dermatitis |
US20090232801A1 (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2009-09-17 | Abbot Laboratories | Humanized Antibodies Which Bind To AB (1-42) Globulomer And Uses Thereof |
PE20090329A1 (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2009-03-27 | Abbott Lab | HUMANIZED ANTIBODIES AGAINST GLOBULOMER AB (20-42) AND ITS USES |
WO2008154543A2 (en) | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-18 | Abbott Biotechnology Ltd. | Methods for treating juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
PT2170956E (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2015-02-05 | Medigene Ag | Treatment of tumors using specific anti-l1 antibody |
US8822409B2 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2014-09-02 | Phylogica Limited | Compositions and uses thereof for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and clinical disorders associated with therewith |
CN101821288A (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2010-09-01 | 宏观基因有限公司 | Covalent diabodies and uses thereof |
EP3241842B1 (en) | 2007-06-26 | 2024-01-31 | F-star Therapeutics Limited | Display of binding agents |
US8158757B2 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2012-04-17 | Oncomed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating and diagnosing cancer |
WO2009012256A1 (en) | 2007-07-16 | 2009-01-22 | Genentech, Inc. | Humanized anti-cd79b antibodies and immunoconjugates and methods of use |
ES2381788T3 (en) | 2007-07-16 | 2012-05-31 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-CD79b and immunoconjugate antibodies and methods of use |
EP2182943B1 (en) | 2007-07-23 | 2016-10-26 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Methods and compositions for treating fibrosis related disorders using il-17 antagonists |
BRPI0814645A2 (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2015-01-27 | Alexion Pharma Inc | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE. |
US20100273722A1 (en) * | 2007-08-06 | 2010-10-28 | Yale University | Modified miniature proteins |
RU2010102859A (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2011-09-27 | Морфосис Аг (De) | IMPROVED METHODS FOR THE FORMATION OF DISULPHIDE LINKS |
EP2570431A3 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2013-05-01 | CureDM Group Holdings, LLC | Compositions and methods of using proislet peptides and analogs thereof |
GB0717337D0 (en) | 2007-09-06 | 2007-10-17 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Method of treatment |
CA2697193C (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2017-06-06 | Adimab, Inc. | Rationally designed, synthetic antibody libraries and uses therefor |
US8877688B2 (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2014-11-04 | Adimab, Llc | Rationally designed, synthetic antibody libraries and uses therefor |
EP2535349A1 (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2012-12-19 | UCB Pharma S.A. | Dual specificity antibody fusions |
PH12018501459A1 (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2019-11-11 | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | Modified antibody constant region |
AU2008307145B2 (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2014-07-10 | Bionomics Limited | Markers of endothelial cells and uses thereof |
WO2009061818A1 (en) | 2007-11-05 | 2009-05-14 | Medimmune, Llc | Methods of treating scleroderma |
WO2009062102A2 (en) | 2007-11-07 | 2009-05-14 | Genentech, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treatment of microbial disorders |
EP2227556B1 (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2014-08-27 | Celera Corporation | Lung cancer markers and uses thereof |
AU2008326324B9 (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2012-11-15 | Ambrx, Inc. | Modified insulin polypeptides and their uses |
WO2009070642A1 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-06-04 | Medimmune, Llc | Protein formulation |
US8697360B2 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2014-04-15 | Decode Genetics Ehf. | Genetic variants on CHR 11Q and 6Q as markers for prostate and colorectal cancer predisposition |
TWI468417B (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2015-01-11 | Genentech Inc | Anti-vegf antibodies |
US8426153B2 (en) | 2007-12-03 | 2013-04-23 | Carnegie Mellon University | Linked peptides fluorogenic biosensors |
GB0724051D0 (en) | 2007-12-08 | 2008-01-16 | Medical Res Council | Mutant proteins and methods for producing them |
JP5737944B2 (en) | 2007-12-17 | 2015-06-17 | ファイザー・リミテッドPfizer Limited | Treatment of interstitial cystitis |
RU2528738C2 (en) | 2007-12-18 | 2014-09-20 | Биоэллаенс К.В. | Antibodies recognising epitope on cd43 and cea expressed on malignant cells and methods for using them |
SI2391650T1 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2015-03-31 | Xoma (Us) Llc | Methods for the treatment of gout |
GB0724860D0 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2008-01-30 | Heptares Therapeutics Ltd | Screening |
NZ586544A (en) | 2007-12-26 | 2012-07-27 | Vaccinex Inc | Anti-c35 antibody in combination with an ani-her2 antibody in cancer therapies and methods |
KR101603076B1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2016-03-14 | 프로테나 바이오사이언시즈 리미티드 | Treatment and prophylaxis of amyloidosis |
GB0800277D0 (en) | 2008-01-08 | 2008-02-13 | Imagination Tech Ltd | Video motion compensation |
JP2011509650A (en) | 2008-01-11 | 2011-03-31 | 株式会社ジーンテクノサイエンス | Humanized anti-α9 integrin antibody and use thereof |
ES2613963T3 (en) | 2008-01-18 | 2017-05-29 | Medimmune, Llc | Cysteine manipulated antibodies for site specific conjugation |
IL287292B (en) | 2008-01-31 | 2022-09-01 | Genentech Inc | Cycteine engineering anti-cd79b antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates |
EP3103880A1 (en) | 2008-02-08 | 2016-12-14 | Ambrx, Inc. | Modified leptin polypeptides and their uses |
SI2250279T1 (en) | 2008-02-08 | 2016-10-28 | Medimmune, Llc | Anti-ifnar1 antibodies with reduced fc ligand affinity |
GB0802474D0 (en) | 2008-02-11 | 2008-03-19 | Heptares Therapeutics Ltd | Mutant proteins and methods for selecting them |
WO2009101639A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2009-08-20 | Decode Genetics Ehf. | Susceptibility variants for lung cancer |
WO2009108652A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-09-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Antibodies to clostridium difficile spores and uses thereof |
US8962803B2 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2015-02-24 | AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Antibodies against the RGM A protein and uses thereof |
WO2009109572A2 (en) * | 2008-03-03 | 2009-09-11 | Ablynx Nv | Monovalent phage display of single variable domains |
EP2265288B1 (en) | 2008-03-04 | 2016-05-11 | Labrys Biologics Inc. | Methods of treating inflammatory pain |
MX2010009722A (en) | 2008-03-04 | 2010-09-30 | Pfizer Ltd | Methods of treating chronic pain. |
WO2009111644A2 (en) * | 2008-03-05 | 2009-09-11 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Compositions and methods for diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer |
DK2265641T3 (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2018-04-23 | Otago Innovation Ltd | Biomarkers |
CA2715921A1 (en) | 2008-03-12 | 2009-09-17 | Otago Innovation Limited | Biomarkers |
WO2009114815A1 (en) | 2008-03-13 | 2009-09-17 | Dyax Corp | Libraries of genetic packages comprising novel hc cdr3 designs |
EP2274333A4 (en) | 2008-03-18 | 2011-06-15 | Abbott Lab | Methods for treating psoriasis |
EP2260102A1 (en) | 2008-03-25 | 2010-12-15 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Zweigniederlassung Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Research | Treating cancer by down-regulating frizzled-4 and/or frizzled-1 |
NZ588853A (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2013-07-26 | Genentech Inc | Compositions and methods for treating and diagnosing asthma |
WO2009122448A2 (en) | 2008-04-01 | 2009-10-08 | Decode Genetics Ehf | Susceptibility variants for peripheral arterial disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm |
CN106349390B (en) | 2008-04-02 | 2019-12-10 | 宏观基因有限公司 | BCR-complex-specific antibodies and methods of use thereof |
PL2247304T3 (en) | 2008-04-02 | 2017-01-31 | Macrogenics, Inc. | Her2/neu-specific antibodies and methods of using same |
ES2588194T3 (en) | 2008-04-11 | 2016-10-31 | Seattle Genetics, Inc. | Detection and treatment of pancreatic, ovarian and other cancers |
GB0807413D0 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2008-05-28 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Biological products |
EP2281078B1 (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2014-10-22 | Dyax Corporation | Libraries of genetic packages comprising novel hc cdr1, cdr2, and cdr3 and novel lc cdr1, cdr2, and cdr3 designs |
CA2721716C (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2019-09-24 | Gene Techno Science Co., Ltd. | Humanized antibodies specific for amino acid sequence rgd of an extracellular matrix protein and the uses thereof |
US20090269786A1 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-10-29 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | RHO1-Gamma Amino Butyric Acid C Receptor-Specific Antibodies |
EP3670538A1 (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2020-06-24 | Dyax Corp. | Antibodies against fcrn and use thereof |
KR20110014607A (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2011-02-11 | 아보트 러보러터리즈 | Dual variable domain immunoglobulins and uses thereof |
EP2113255A1 (en) | 2008-05-02 | 2009-11-04 | f-star Biotechnologische Forschungs- und Entwicklungsges.m.b.H. | Cytotoxic immunoglobulin |
CA2723197C (en) | 2008-05-02 | 2017-09-19 | Seattle Genetics, Inc. | Methods and compositions for making antibodies and antibody derivatives with reduced core fucosylation |
KR101690590B1 (en) | 2008-05-06 | 2016-12-28 | 제넨테크, 인크. | AFFINITY MATURED CRIg VARIANTS |
BRPI0911758A8 (en) | 2008-05-09 | 2017-10-10 | Abbott Lab | ANTIBODIES FOR RECEPTOR OF ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS (RAGE) AND USES THEREOF |
PL2279004T3 (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2015-06-30 | Hoffmann La Roche | Use of biomarkers for assessing treatment of gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders with beta7integrin antagonists |
US8093018B2 (en) | 2008-05-20 | 2012-01-10 | Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Antibody identifying an antigen-bound antibody and an antigen-unbound antibody, and method for preparing the same |
WO2009148896A2 (en) | 2008-05-29 | 2009-12-10 | Nuclea Biotechnologies, LLC | Anti-phospho-akt antibodies |
EP2297208A4 (en) | 2008-06-03 | 2012-07-11 | Abbott Lab | Dual variable domain immunoglobulins and uses thereof |
NZ589434A (en) | 2008-06-03 | 2012-11-30 | Abbott Lab | Dual variable domain immunoglobulins and uses thereof |
WO2010033279A2 (en) | 2008-06-04 | 2010-03-25 | Macrogenics, Inc. | Antibodies with altered binding to fcrn and methods of using same |
WO2009150623A1 (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | Pfizer Inc | Treatment of chronic prostatitis |
EP2313525A2 (en) | 2008-07-07 | 2011-04-27 | Decode Genetics EHF | Genetic variants for breast cancer risk assessment |
CA2729949A1 (en) | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | Abbott Laboratories | Prostaglandin e2 dual variable domain immunoglobulins and uses thereof |
PL2307459T3 (en) | 2008-07-08 | 2015-05-29 | Oncomed Pharm Inc | Notch1 receptor binding agents and methods of use thereof |
WO2010006059A1 (en) | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | Abbott Laboratories | Prostaglandin e2 binding proteins and uses thereof |
EP2315779A2 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2011-05-04 | Biogen Idec MA Inc. | Compositions comprising antibodies to lingo or fragments thereof |
US8680020B2 (en) | 2008-07-15 | 2014-03-25 | Academia Sinica | Glycan arrays on PTFE-like aluminum coated glass slides and related methods |
WO2010011296A2 (en) | 2008-07-23 | 2010-01-28 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Deacetylase inhibitors and uses thereof |
UA118536C2 (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2019-02-11 | Амбркс, Інк. | MODIFIED Bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor polypeptide and its application |
US9182406B2 (en) * | 2008-08-04 | 2015-11-10 | Biodesy, Inc. | Nonlinear optical detection of molecules comprising an unnatural amino acid possessing a hyperpolarizability |
KR20110039348A (en) | 2008-08-06 | 2011-04-15 | 노보 노르디스크 헬스 케어 악티엔게젤샤프트 | Conjugated proteins with prolonged in vivo efficacy |
US8652843B2 (en) | 2008-08-12 | 2014-02-18 | Oncomed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | DDR1-binding agents and methods of use thereof |
MX2011001409A (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2011-03-29 | Cephalon Australia Pty Ltd | Anti-il-12/il-23 antibodies. |
CA3059768A1 (en) | 2008-09-05 | 2010-03-11 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Continuous directed evolution of proteins and nucleic acids |
TWI516501B (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2016-01-11 | 禮納特神經系統科學公司 | Pcsk9 antagonists |
CA2744523A1 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2010-03-25 | Calmune Corporation | Methods and vectors for display of molecules and displayed molecules and collections |
US20100081575A1 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2010-04-01 | Robert Anthony Williamson | Methods for creating diversity in libraries and libraries, display vectors and methods, and displayed molecules |
AU2009298879A1 (en) | 2008-09-23 | 2010-04-08 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | SIRT4 and uses thereof |
EP2344180A2 (en) | 2008-09-23 | 2011-07-20 | Wyeth LLC | Methods for predicting production of activating signals by cross-linked binding proteins |
DK2342226T3 (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2016-09-26 | Dana Farber Cancer Inst Inc | HUMAN ANTI-PD-1, PD-L1 AND PD-L2 ANTIBODIES AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF |
WO2010037041A2 (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2010-04-01 | Oncomed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Frizzled-binding agents and uses thereof |
US8313942B2 (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2012-11-20 | Wyeth Llc | Compatible display vector systems |
EP3216800A1 (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2017-09-13 | Ambrx, Inc. | Modified animal erythropoietin polypeptides and their uses |
MX348657B (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2017-06-21 | Ambrx Inc | Non-natural amino acid replication-dependent microorganisms and vaccines. |
TR201802130T4 (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2018-03-21 | Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Ct Inc | Biochemically stabilized HIV-1 env trimmer vaccine. |
EP2349329A4 (en) | 2008-10-14 | 2012-10-31 | Dyax Corp | Use of igf-ii/igf-iie binding for the treatment and prevention of systemic sclerosis associated pulmonary fibrosis |
JP5808249B2 (en) | 2008-10-20 | 2015-11-10 | アッヴィ・インコーポレイテッド | Antibody isolation and purification using protein A affinity chromatography |
CN107011415A (en) | 2008-10-20 | 2017-08-04 | 光州科学技术院 | Bipodal peptide binder |
EP3351628B1 (en) | 2008-10-24 | 2023-07-26 | The Government of The United States of America as represented by The Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services | Human ebola virus species and compositions and methods thereof |
MX2011004558A (en) | 2008-10-29 | 2011-06-01 | Wyeth Llc | Methods for purification of single domain antigen binding molecules. |
US9393304B2 (en) | 2008-10-29 | 2016-07-19 | Ablynx N.V. | Formulations of single domain antigen binding molecules |
EP2346904B1 (en) | 2008-10-29 | 2017-04-12 | China Synthetic Rubber Corporation | Methods and agents for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma |
RS55218B1 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2017-02-28 | Janssen Biotech Inc | Fibronectin type iii domain based scaffold compositions, methods and uses |
DK2356270T3 (en) | 2008-11-07 | 2016-12-12 | Fabrus Llc | Combinatorial antibody libraries and uses thereof |
PT2894165T (en) | 2008-11-10 | 2023-03-17 | Alexion Pharma Inc | Methods and compositions for treating complement-associated disorders |
CN102272599B (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2015-01-14 | 密执安大学评议会 | Anti-cxcr1 compositions and methods |
CA2743469C (en) | 2008-11-12 | 2019-01-15 | Medimmune, Llc | Antibody formulation |
DK2189539T4 (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2018-09-17 | Chimera Biotec Gmbh | Conjugate complexes for analyte detection |
DK2361085T4 (en) | 2008-11-22 | 2018-10-08 | Hoffmann La Roche | USE OF ANTI-VEGF ANTIBODY IN COMBINATION WITH CHEMOTHERY TO TREAT CANCER CANCER |
US20100183620A1 (en) | 2008-11-26 | 2010-07-22 | Kaumudi Bhawe | Compositions and methods for regulating collagen and smooth muscle actin expression by serpine2 |
BRPI0921321A2 (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2018-10-16 | Emory University | methods for the treatment of tumors and tumors |
SG171812A1 (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2011-07-28 | Abbott Lab | Dual variable domain immunoglobulins and uses thereof |
CN108997498A (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2018-12-14 | 霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 | Anti- PD-L1 antibody and they be used to enhance the purposes of T cell function |
CN106432503B (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2020-03-06 | 宏观基因有限公司 | Covalent diabodies and uses thereof |
SG172355A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2011-07-28 | Genentech Inc | Methods and compositions for diagnostic use in cancer patients |
CN102341411A (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2012-02-01 | 比奥根艾迪克Ma公司 | Anti-lymphotoxin antibodies |
US9181315B2 (en) | 2009-01-08 | 2015-11-10 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Compositions and methods for induced brown fat differentiation |
GB0900425D0 (en) | 2009-01-12 | 2009-02-11 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Biological products |
EP2387584A1 (en) | 2009-01-14 | 2011-11-23 | IQ Therapeutics BV | Combination antibodies for the treatment and prevention of disease caused by bacillus anthracis and related bacteria and their toxins |
EP2389195B1 (en) | 2009-01-20 | 2015-05-20 | Homayoun H. Zadeh | Antibody mediated osseous regeneration |
WO2010084408A2 (en) | 2009-01-21 | 2010-07-29 | Oxford Biotherapeutics Ltd. | Pta089 protein |
US8513192B2 (en) | 2009-01-22 | 2013-08-20 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Stable growth hormone compounds resistant to proteolytic degradation |
WO2010088393A2 (en) * | 2009-01-28 | 2010-08-05 | Antigen Express, Inc. | Li-kay hybrid peptides that modulate the immune response to influenza |
US20110165063A1 (en) * | 2009-01-29 | 2011-07-07 | Abbott Laboratories | Il-1 binding proteins |
RU2011135768A (en) | 2009-01-29 | 2013-03-10 | Эбботт Лэборетриз | PROTEINS BINDING IL-1 |
US8852608B2 (en) | 2009-02-02 | 2014-10-07 | Medimmune, Llc | Antibodies against and methods for producing vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus |
WO2010086828A2 (en) | 2009-02-02 | 2010-08-05 | Rinat Neuroscience Corporation | Agonist anti-trkb monoclonal antibodies |
WO2010093993A2 (en) | 2009-02-12 | 2010-08-19 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Use of b lymphocyte stimulator protein antagonists to promote transplantation tolerance |
JP5873335B2 (en) | 2009-02-12 | 2016-03-01 | ヤンセン バイオテツク,インコーポレーテツド | Scaffold compositions, methods and uses based on fibronectin type III domains |
JP5782385B2 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2015-09-24 | ユーシービー ファーマ ソシエテ アノニム | Antibody molecule having specificity for human OX40 |
WO2010096388A2 (en) | 2009-02-18 | 2010-08-26 | Carnegie Mellon University | Quenched dendrimeric dyes for bright detection |
US8030026B2 (en) | 2009-02-24 | 2011-10-04 | Abbott Laboratories | Antibodies to troponin I and methods of use thereof |
EP2403531A4 (en) | 2009-03-05 | 2013-02-27 | Abbott Lab | Il-17 binding proteins |
US20100227335A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 | 2010-09-09 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (mmp-7) monoclonal antibodies and methods for their use in the detection of ovarian cancer |
CA2753713A1 (en) | 2009-03-06 | 2010-09-10 | Tripath Imaging, Inc | Glycodelin monoclonal antibodies and methods for their use in the detection of ovarian cancer |
WO2010100247A1 (en) | 2009-03-06 | 2010-09-10 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Zweigniederlassung, Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Research | Novel therapy for anxiety |
EP2406285B1 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2016-03-09 | Gene Techno Science Co., Ltd. | Generation, expression and characterization of the humanized k33n monoclonal antibody |
GB0904214D0 (en) | 2009-03-11 | 2009-04-22 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Biological products |
US8124740B2 (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2012-02-28 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti- α5 β1 antibodies and uses thereof |
HUE061117T2 (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2023-05-28 | Genentech Inc | Anti-fgfr3 antibodies and methods using same |
WO2010120561A1 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2010-10-21 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-fcrh5 antibodies and immunoconjugates and methods of use |
NZ595918A (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2013-07-26 | Decode Genetics Ehf | Genetic markers for risk management of atrial fibrillation and stroke |
EP2241323A1 (en) | 2009-04-14 | 2010-10-20 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Zweigniederlassung Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Research | Tenascin-W and brain cancers |
CA2759538C (en) | 2009-04-20 | 2018-07-24 | Oxford Biotherapeutics Ltd | Antibodies specific to cadherin-17 |
EP2424567B1 (en) * | 2009-04-27 | 2018-11-21 | OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Method for making heteromultimeric molecules |
MX2011011541A (en) | 2009-04-29 | 2012-02-28 | Abbott Biotech Ltd | Automatic injection device. |
EP2424891B1 (en) | 2009-04-29 | 2014-06-11 | The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. | Erg monoclonal antibodies |
KR101224468B1 (en) | 2009-05-20 | 2013-01-23 | 주식회사 파멥신 | Bispecific antibody having a novel form and use thereof |
US8921281B2 (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2014-12-30 | Novimmune S.A. | Synthetic polypeptide libraries and methods for generating naturally diversified polypeptide variants |
US8680055B2 (en) | 2009-06-03 | 2014-03-25 | University Of Southern California | Methods for decreasing steroidogenesis in prostate cancer cells |
EP2261242A1 (en) | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-15 | Universite Catholique De Louvain | Aspartate-N-acetyltransferase enzyme, diagnostic method and therapeutic method |
CN106390107B (en) | 2009-06-10 | 2019-12-31 | 纽约大学 | Immune targeting of pathological TAU proteins |
WO2010146511A1 (en) | 2009-06-17 | 2010-12-23 | Pfizer Limited | Treatment of overactive bladder |
GB0910725D0 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2009-08-05 | Heptares Therapeutics Ltd | Mutant proteins and methods for producing them |
AU2010270979B2 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2015-04-23 | Medimmune, Llc | Engineered Fc regions for site-specific conjugation |
EP2272979A1 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2011-01-12 | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Method for testing a subject thought to be predisposed to having cancer |
CA2766861A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 | 2011-01-13 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | In vivo tumor vasculature imaging |
CA2767360A1 (en) | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-13 | Decode Genetics Ehf. | Genetic markers associated with risk of diabetes mellitus |
WO2011014457A1 (en) | 2009-07-27 | 2011-02-03 | Genentech, Inc. | Combination treatments |
NZ597531A (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2014-05-30 | Genentech Inc | Inhibition of tumor metastasis using bv8- or g-csf-antagonists |
US9259476B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2016-02-16 | Wayne State University | Monophosphorylated lipid A derivatives |
US8809285B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2014-08-19 | Wayne State University | Monophosphorylated lipid A derivatives |
CN105963710A (en) | 2009-08-06 | 2016-09-28 | 诺沃—诺迪斯克保健股份有限公司 | Growth hormones with prolonged in-vivo efficacy |
WO2011019393A2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2011-02-17 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Class- and isoform-specific hdac inhibitors and uses thereof |
SG178358A1 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2012-03-29 | Genentech Inc | Production of proteins in glutamine-free cell culture media |
WO2011020079A1 (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2011-02-17 | Calmune Corporation | Antibodies against human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and methods of use |
AR077848A1 (en) | 2009-08-15 | 2011-09-28 | Genentech Inc | ANTI-ANGIOGENESIS THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER PREVIOUSLY TREATED |
EP2292266A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2011-03-09 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Zweigniederlassung | Treating cancer by modulating copine III |
EP3165236B1 (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2022-03-16 | Teva Pharmaceuticals International GmbH | Methods for treating visceral pain by administering antagonist antibodies directed against calcitonin gene-related peptide |
MX2012002605A (en) | 2009-08-29 | 2012-04-02 | Abbott Lab | Therapeutic dll4 binding proteins. |
BR112012004710A2 (en) | 2009-09-01 | 2016-08-16 | Abbott Lab | double variable domain immunoglobulins and their use |
US20110059111A1 (en) | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-10 | Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute At Harbor-Ucla Medical Center | Mammalian receptors as targets for antibody and active vaccination therapy against mold infections |
DK2473522T3 (en) | 2009-09-02 | 2016-11-28 | Genentech Inc | Smoothened MUTANT AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME |
EP2475682B1 (en) | 2009-09-10 | 2018-01-31 | UCB Biopharma SPRL | Multivalent antibodies |
RU2012114854A (en) | 2009-09-14 | 2013-10-27 | Эбботт Лэборетриз | METHODS FOR TREATING PSORIASIS |
CA2773564A1 (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2011-03-17 | Dyax Corp. | Libraries of genetic packages comprising novel hc cdr3 designs |
WO2011033006A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2011-03-24 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Methods and compositions for diagnostics use in cancer patients |
US20110189183A1 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2011-08-04 | Robert Anthony Williamson | Antibodies against candida, collections thereof and methods of use |
WO2011036118A1 (en) | 2009-09-22 | 2011-03-31 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Zweigniederlassung Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Research | Treating cancer by modulating mex-3 |
US9885711B2 (en) | 2009-09-25 | 2018-02-06 | Xoma Technology Ltd. | Screening methods |
AU2010298025B2 (en) | 2009-09-25 | 2016-04-21 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 and their use |
GB201005063D0 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2010-05-12 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Biological products |
US9598692B2 (en) | 2009-09-25 | 2017-03-21 | University Of Oslo | Multivalent phage display systems and methods |
US8926976B2 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2015-01-06 | Xoma Technology Ltd. | Modulators |
BR112012007137A2 (en) | 2009-09-30 | 2015-09-15 | Harvard College | methods for modulating autophagy by modulating autophagy inhibitor gene products |
TW201116297A (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2011-05-16 | Sanofi Aventis | Antibodies that specifically bind to the EphA2 receptor |
US20120231004A1 (en) | 2009-10-13 | 2012-09-13 | Oxford Biotherapeutic Ltd. | Antibodies |
WO2011045352A2 (en) | 2009-10-15 | 2011-04-21 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung | Spleen tyrosine kinase and brain cancers |
MX2012004415A (en) | 2009-10-15 | 2012-05-08 | Abbott Lab | Dual variable domain immunoglobulins and uses thereof. |
HUE029661T2 (en) | 2009-10-16 | 2017-03-28 | Oncomed Pharm Inc | Therapeutic combination and use of dll4 antagonist antibodies and anti-hypertensive agents |
AU2010310748C1 (en) | 2009-10-20 | 2015-11-26 | Abbvie Inc. | Isolation and purification of anti-IL-13 antibodies using Protein A affinity chromatography |
RU2539772C2 (en) | 2009-10-22 | 2015-01-27 | Дженентек, Инк. | Methods and compositions for hepsin modulation of macrophage-stimulating protein |
EP2491059B1 (en) | 2009-10-22 | 2015-02-25 | F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Anti-hepsin antibodies and methods using same |
WO2011056502A1 (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2011-05-12 | Genentech, Inc. | Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type ii compositions and methods of use |
WO2011056494A1 (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2011-05-12 | Genentech, Inc. | Activin receptor-like kinase-1 antagonist and vegfr3 antagonist combinations |
WO2011056497A1 (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2011-05-12 | Genentech, Inc. | Activin receptor type iib compositions and methods of use |
GB0922435D0 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2010-02-03 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Method |
US20110098862A1 (en) | 2009-10-27 | 2011-04-28 | ExxonMobil Research Engineering Company Law Department | Multi-stage processes and control thereof |
JP6095368B2 (en) | 2009-10-27 | 2017-03-15 | ユセベ ファルマ ソシエテ アノニム | Nav1.7 antibody whose function is modified |
US9234037B2 (en) | 2009-10-27 | 2016-01-12 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Method to generate antibodies to ion channels |
GB0922434D0 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2010-02-03 | Ucb Pharma Sa | antibodies and fragments thereof |
UY32979A (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2011-02-28 | Abbott Lab | IMMUNOGLOBULINS WITH DUAL VARIABLE DOMAIN AND USES OF THE SAME |
US20120213801A1 (en) | 2009-10-30 | 2012-08-23 | Ekaterina Gresko | Phosphorylated Twist1 and cancer |
TW201121568A (en) | 2009-10-31 | 2011-07-01 | Abbott Lab | Antibodies to receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and uses thereof |
US20120282177A1 (en) | 2009-11-02 | 2012-11-08 | Christian Rohlff | ROR1 as Therapeutic and Diagnostic Target |
US20120277144A1 (en) | 2009-11-04 | 2012-11-01 | Henricus Johannes Duckers | Novel compounds for modulating neovascularisation and methods of treatment using these compounds |
KR101968766B1 (en) | 2009-11-05 | 2019-04-12 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Methods and composition for secretion of heterologous polypeptides |
EP2499491B1 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2015-04-01 | Gentian AS | Immunoassay for assessing related analytes of different origin |
CA2778953C (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2020-01-14 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Compositions, kits, and methods for the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, treatment and modulation of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders and hypoxia associated angiogenesis disorders using galectin-1 |
GB0920127D0 (en) | 2009-11-17 | 2009-12-30 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Antibodies |
GB0920324D0 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2010-01-06 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Antibodies |
MX2012006072A (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2012-07-23 | Genentech Inc | Antibodies for treating and diagnosing tumors expressing slc34a2 (tat211 = seqid2 ). |
US11377485B2 (en) | 2009-12-02 | 2022-07-05 | Academia Sinica | Methods for modifying human antibodies by glycan engineering |
US10087236B2 (en) | 2009-12-02 | 2018-10-02 | Academia Sinica | Methods for modifying human antibodies by glycan engineering |
BR112012013734A2 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2017-01-10 | Abbott Gmbh & Co Kg | monoclonal antibodies against the rgm a protein for use in the treatment of retinal nerve fiber layer degeneration. |
EP2510011B2 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2021-03-31 | Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale | Monoclonal antibodies that bind b7h6 and uses thereof |
WO2011071577A1 (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2011-06-16 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-vegf-c antibodies and methods using same |
US8937159B2 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2015-01-20 | Abbvie Biotherapeutics Inc. | Anti-HER2 antibodies and their uses |
WO2011084750A1 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2011-07-14 | Genentech, Inc. | Antibody formulation |
CN102753573A (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2012-10-24 | Ambrx公司 | Modified bovine somatotropin polypeptides and their uses |
NZ600363A (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2014-07-25 | Ambrx Inc | Modified porcine somatotropin polypeptides and their uses |
TW201125583A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-08-01 | Bioalliance Cv | Anti-EpCAM antibodies that induce apoptosis of cancer cells and methods using same |
PL2516465T3 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2016-11-30 | Anti-bv8 antibodies and uses thereof | |
LT2521568T (en) | 2010-01-06 | 2018-12-10 | Dyax Corp. | Plasma kallikrein binding proteins |
MX2012008108A (en) | 2010-01-11 | 2012-10-03 | Alexion Pharma Inc | Biomarkers of immunomodulatory effects in humans treated with anti-cd200 antibodies. |
GB201000467D0 (en) | 2010-01-12 | 2010-02-24 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Antibodies |
TWI535445B (en) | 2010-01-12 | 2016-06-01 | 安可美德藥物股份有限公司 | Wnt antagonists and methods of treatment and screening |
ES2561102T3 (en) | 2010-01-13 | 2016-02-24 | Oncomed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Binding agents to Notch1 and procedures for their use |
WO2011088163A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 | 2011-07-21 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Methods for modulating skeletal remodeling and patterning by modulating shn2 activity, shn3 activity, or shn2 and shn3 activity in combination |
CN103002918B (en) | 2010-01-22 | 2016-05-04 | 诺沃—诺迪斯克保健股份有限公司 | The growth hormone that in body, effect extends |
RU2012134974A (en) | 2010-01-22 | 2014-02-27 | Ново Нордиск Хелс Кеа Аг | STABILIZED GROWTH HORMONE COMPOUND |
AU2011207210A1 (en) | 2010-01-22 | 2012-08-16 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Compositions,kits, and methods for identification, assessment, prevention, and therapy of metabolic disorders |
JP2013518590A (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2013-05-23 | アボツト・バイオテクノロジー・リミテツド | Methods and compositions for predicting responsiveness to treatment with a TNF-α inhibitor |
TWI518325B (en) | 2010-02-04 | 2016-01-21 | 自治醫科大學 | Identification, assessment, and therapy of cancers with innate or acquired resistance to alk inhibitors |
EP2533810B1 (en) | 2010-02-10 | 2016-10-12 | ImmunoGen, Inc. | Cd20 antibodies and uses thereof |
EP3178846B1 (en) | 2010-02-17 | 2018-08-22 | Cedars-Sinai Medical Center | Novel phosphorylation of cardiac troponin i as a monitor for cardiac injury |
US20110200595A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 | 2011-08-18 | Roche Glycart | TREATMENT WITH A HUMANIZED IgG CLASS ANTI EGFR ANTIBODY AND AN ANTIBODY AGAINST INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 RECEPTOR |
EP2536748B1 (en) | 2010-02-18 | 2014-08-20 | Genentech, Inc. | Neuregulin antagonists and use thereof in treating cancer |
AU2011221226A1 (en) | 2010-02-23 | 2012-08-16 | Genentech, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor |
AU2011221229B2 (en) | 2010-02-23 | 2015-06-18 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Anti-angiogenesis therapy for the treatment of ovarian cancer |
TWI552760B (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2016-10-11 | 雷那特神經科學股份有限公司 | Antagonist anti-il-7 receptor antibodies and methods |
KR20220017432A (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2022-02-11 | 이뮤노젠 아이엔씨 | Folate receptor 1 antibodies and immunoconjugates and uses thereof |
BR112012021941A2 (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2022-02-01 | Abbvie Inc | Therapeutic dll4 binding proteins |
WO2011107586A1 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-09 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Zweigniederlassung, Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Research, | Smoc1, tenascin-c and brain cancers |
SA111320266B1 (en) | 2010-03-11 | 2015-06-21 | رينات نيوروساينس كوربوريشن | Antibodies with pH Dependent Antigen Binding |
LT2544719T (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2019-10-25 | Debiopharm Int Sa | Cd37-binding molecules and immunoconjugates thereof |
ES2575160T3 (en) | 2010-03-15 | 2016-06-24 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Inhibitors of the interactions that bind the alpha subunit of beta integrin-protein G |
CA2793424A1 (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2011-09-22 | Cornell University | Engineering correctly folded antibodies using inner membrane display of twin-arginine translocation intermediates |
WO2013040142A2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-21 | Iogenetics, Llc | Bioinformatic processes for determination of peptide binding |
WO2011119484A1 (en) | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-29 | Iogenetics, Llc | Bioinformatic processes for determination of peptide binding |
BR112012022044A2 (en) | 2010-03-24 | 2020-08-25 | Genentech Inc | ''antibody, immunoconjugate, pharmaceutical formulation, antibody use, treatment method, isolated bispecific antibody and host cell''. |
EP3187585A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2017-07-05 | Oregon Health&Science University | Cmv glycoproteins and recombinant vectors |
TR201903279T4 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2019-03-21 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Disulfide stabilized DVD-IG molecules. |
GB201005064D0 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2010-05-12 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Biological products |
CA2794674A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-06 | Oncomed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Frizzled-binding agents and uses thereof |
WO2011130332A1 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2011-10-20 | Academia Sinica | Glycan arrays for high throughput screening of viruses |
JP2013523182A (en) | 2010-04-15 | 2013-06-17 | アボット・ラボラトリーズ | Amyloid beta-binding protein |
US20130034543A1 (en) | 2010-04-19 | 2013-02-07 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Zweigniederlassung Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Resear | Modulating xrn1 |
EP2380909A1 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2011-10-26 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | PTK-7 protein involved in breast cancer |
US9011852B2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2015-04-21 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Anti-C5a antibodies |
CN107090045A (en) | 2010-05-03 | 2017-08-25 | 霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 | Composition and method for tumor diagnosis and therapy |
EP3150631B1 (en) | 2010-05-03 | 2023-08-30 | University Of Rochester | Anti-glucosaminidase passive immunization for staphylococcus aureus infections |
EP2569335B1 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2018-08-22 | Orega Biotech | Methods of treating and/or preventing cell proliferation disorders with il-17 antagonists |
KR101539684B1 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2015-07-27 | 애브비 인코포레이티드 | Il-1 binding proteins |
EP2577309B1 (en) | 2010-05-25 | 2016-11-23 | Carnegie Mellon University | Targeted probes of cellular physiology |
WO2011153243A2 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2011-12-08 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-angiogenesis therapy for treating gastric cancer |
CN103119442A (en) | 2010-06-03 | 2013-05-22 | 霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 | Immuno-PEG imaging of antibodies and immunoconjugates and uses therefor |
LT2575884T (en) | 2010-06-03 | 2018-09-25 | Abbvie Biotechnology Ltd | Uses and compositions for treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (hs) |
WO2012047324A2 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2012-04-12 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Systems and methods for amplification and phage display |
EP2580239A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2013-04-17 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Zweigniederlassung Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Research | Treating cancer by modulating mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 3 |
RU2013101779A (en) | 2010-06-16 | 2014-07-27 | Эббви Инк. | COMPARISON OF PROTEIN SAMPLES |
TW201204388A (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2012-02-01 | Genentech Inc | Anti-Axl antibodies and methods of use |
WO2012006500A2 (en) | 2010-07-08 | 2012-01-12 | Abbott Laboratories | Monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis c virus core protein |
UY33492A (en) | 2010-07-09 | 2012-01-31 | Abbott Lab | IMMUNOGLOBULINS WITH DUAL VARIABLE DOMAIN AND USES OF THE SAME |
CA3062786C (en) | 2010-07-09 | 2022-04-19 | Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. | Anti-human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antibodies and methods of use |
AU2011274423B2 (en) | 2010-07-09 | 2016-02-11 | Bioverativ Therapeutics Inc. | Chimeric clotting factors |
MX2013000083A (en) | 2010-07-09 | 2013-02-26 | Genentech Inc | Anti-neuropilin antibodies and methods of use. |
WO2012009705A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2012-01-19 | Zyngenia, Inc. | Ang-2 binding complexes and uses thereof |
AU2011279073B2 (en) | 2010-07-16 | 2016-06-09 | Adimab, Llc | Antibody libraries |
EP2593476A2 (en) | 2010-07-16 | 2013-05-22 | Ablynx N.V. | Modified single domain antigen binding molecules and uses thereof |
EP2596010B1 (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2017-04-12 | Otago Innovation Limited | Signal biomarkers |
WO2012010582A1 (en) | 2010-07-21 | 2012-01-26 | Roche Glycart Ag | Anti-cxcr5 antibodies and methods of use |
WO2012010516A1 (en) | 2010-07-22 | 2012-01-26 | Novo Nordisk Health Care Ag | Growth hormone conjugates |
US20130177500A1 (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2013-07-11 | Trustee Of Boston University | Anti-despr inhibitors as therapeutics for inhibition of pathological angiogenesis and tumor cell invasiveness and for molecular imaging and targeted delivery |
JP2013533286A (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2013-08-22 | セントルイス ユニバーシティ | How to treat pain |
EP2601609B1 (en) | 2010-08-02 | 2017-05-17 | Population Bio, Inc. | Compositions and methods for discovery of causative mutations in genetic disorders |
JP5964300B2 (en) | 2010-08-02 | 2016-08-03 | マクロジェニクス,インコーポレーテッド | Covalently bonded diabody and its use |
CN103153341B (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2015-05-27 | 霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Cll) biomarkers |
AU2011285852B2 (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2014-12-11 | Abbvie Inc. | Dual variable domain immunoglobulins and uses thereof |
WO2012019024A2 (en) | 2010-08-04 | 2012-02-09 | Immunogen, Inc. | Her3-binding molecules and immunoconjugates thereof |
WO2012019061A2 (en) | 2010-08-05 | 2012-02-09 | Stem Centrx, Inc. | Novel effectors and methods of use |
JP2013541937A (en) | 2010-08-05 | 2013-11-21 | エフ.ホフマン−ラ ロシュ アーゲー | Anti-MHC antibody-antiviral cytokine fusion protein |
EP2420250A1 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2012-02-22 | Universitätsklinikum Münster | Anti-Syndecan-4 antibodies |
SI2603530T1 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2018-02-28 | Roche Glycart Ag | Anti-fap antibodies and methods of use |
TW201209063A (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2012-03-01 | Roche Glycart Ag | Anti-tenascin-C A2 antibodies and methods of use |
CN105348387B (en) | 2010-08-14 | 2020-08-25 | Abbvie 公司 | Amyloid beta binding proteins |
US9567386B2 (en) | 2010-08-17 | 2017-02-14 | Ambrx, Inc. | Therapeutic uses of modified relaxin polypeptides |
BR112013003522B1 (en) | 2010-08-17 | 2021-05-25 | Ambrx, Inc. | modified relaxin polypeptides comprising a non-naturally encoded amino acid, their method of preparation and their use, as well as nucleic acid and host cell |
LT3333188T (en) | 2010-08-19 | 2022-06-10 | Zoetis Belgium S.A. | Anti-ngf antibodies and their use |
WO2012022774A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 | 2012-02-23 | Roche Diagnostics Gmbh | An assay for measurement of antibodies binding to a therapeutic monoclonal antibody |
GB201014033D0 (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2010-10-06 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Biological products |
PE20140229A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2014-03-27 | Abbvie Inc | IMMUNOGLOBULINS WITH DUAL VARIABLE DOMAIN AND USES OF THE SAME |
EP2608807A1 (en) | 2010-08-27 | 2013-07-03 | Stem Centrx, Inc. | Notum protein modulators and methods of use |
SG10201408229WA (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2015-02-27 | Genentech Inc | Biomarkers and methods of treatment |
SG10201506959SA (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2015-10-29 | Stemcentrx Inc | Novel modulators and methods of use |
US8551479B2 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2013-10-08 | Oncomed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods for treating melanoma |
WO2012032143A1 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-15 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Zweigniederlassung, Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Research | Phosphorylated twist1 and metastasis |
RU2608499C2 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2017-01-18 | Эббви Инк. | Purification of antibodies with help of simulated moving bed chromatography |
TWI480288B (en) | 2010-09-23 | 2015-04-11 | Lilly Co Eli | Formulations for bovine granulocyte colony stimulating factor and variants thereof |
EP2446898A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2012-05-02 | Laboratorios Del. Dr. Esteve, S.A. | Use of growth hormone to enhance the immune response in immunosuppressed patients |
WO2012044921A1 (en) | 2010-10-01 | 2012-04-05 | St. Jude Children's Research Hospital | Methods and compositions for typing molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma |
EP2625197B1 (en) | 2010-10-05 | 2016-06-29 | Genentech, Inc. | Mutant smoothened and methods of using the same |
WO2012052391A1 (en) | 2010-10-19 | 2012-04-26 | Glaxo Group Limited | Polypeptide with jmjd3 catalytic activity |
MX2013004761A (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2013-08-27 | Immunogen Inc | Novel egfr-binding molecules and immunoconjugates thereof. |
CN105399831A (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2016-03-16 | 伊缪诺金公司 | Non-antagonistic egfr-binding molecules and immunoconjugates thereof |
CN103228674B (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2019-07-05 | 霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 | Method and composition for neural disease immunotherapy |
WO2012065937A1 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2012-05-24 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Zweigniederlassung, Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Research | Anti-fungal agents |
WO2012099566A1 (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2012-07-26 | Sea Lane Biotechnologies, Llc | Influenza virus neutralizing agents that mimic the binding site of an influenza neutralizing antibody |
EP2640425A2 (en) | 2010-11-18 | 2013-09-25 | Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Inc. | Methods of treating obesity by inhibiting nicotinamide n-methyl transferase (nnmt) |
WO2012071436A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 | 2012-05-31 | Genentech, Inc. | Method of treating autoimmune inflammatory disorders using il-23r loss-of-function mutants |
AU2011360938B2 (en) | 2010-12-08 | 2016-07-28 | Abbvie Stemcentrx Llc | Novel modulators and methods of use |
EP3447491A3 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2019-06-05 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Diagnosis and treatments relating to th2 inhibition |
US9029502B2 (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2015-05-12 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor-heat shock protein 90 binding interaction |
EP2655418B1 (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2017-10-04 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Anti-mesothelin antibodies and immunoconjugates |
WO2012088094A2 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2012-06-28 | Abbott Laboratories | Il-1 binding proteins |
CA2821976A1 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2012-09-13 | Abbvie Inc. | Il-1 -alpha and -beta bispecific dual variable domain immunoglobulins and their use |
US20120195910A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2012-08-02 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-pcsk9 antibodies and methods of use |
US9505826B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2016-11-29 | Teva Pharmaceuticals Australia Pty Ltd | Modified antibody with improved half-life |
AU2011348204B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2017-03-02 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Continuous directed evolution |
US20140038842A1 (en) | 2010-12-28 | 2014-02-06 | Xoma Technology | Cell surface display using pdz domains |
US9598499B2 (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2017-03-21 | Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale (Inserm) | Antigen binding formats for use in therapeutic treatments or diagnostic assays |
WO2012092539A2 (en) | 2010-12-31 | 2012-07-05 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Antibodies to dll4 and uses thereof |
WO2012093068A1 (en) | 2011-01-03 | 2012-07-12 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | A pharmaceutical composition of a complex of an anti-dig antibody and digoxigenin that is conjugated to a peptide |
GB201100282D0 (en) | 2011-01-07 | 2011-02-23 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Biological methods |
US10208349B2 (en) | 2011-01-07 | 2019-02-19 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Lipocalin 2 as a biomarker for IL-17 inhibitor therapy efficacy |
RS56298B1 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2017-12-29 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Antibody binding il-17a and il-17f |
BR112013018905B1 (en) | 2011-01-24 | 2021-07-13 | Abbvie Biotechnology Ltd | AUTOMATIC INJECTION DEVICES THAT HAVE OVERMOLDED HANDLE SURFACES. |
EP2668210B1 (en) | 2011-01-26 | 2020-06-17 | Celldex Therapeutics, Inc. | Anti-kit antibodies and uses thereof |
AU2012212066A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 | 2013-08-15 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Use of an anti-CD200 antibody for prolonging the survival of allografts |
US9956236B2 (en) | 2011-02-07 | 2018-05-01 | Cornell University | Methods for increasing immune responses using agents that directly bind to and activate IRE-1 |
SA112330278B1 (en) | 2011-02-18 | 2015-10-09 | ستيم سينتركس، انك. | Novel modulators and methods of use |
CN103501859B (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2017-08-25 | 博格有限责任公司 | Probing analysis and its application based on cell |
EP2683837A2 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2014-01-15 | University Of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc. | Predictive marker of dnmt1 inhibitor therapeutic efficacy and methods of using the marker |
WO2012125735A1 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | Abott Laboratories | An integrated approach to the isolation and purification of antibodies |
WO2012129347A1 (en) | 2011-03-21 | 2012-09-27 | Biodesy, Llc | Classification of kinase inhibitors using nonlinear optical techniques |
TW201239355A (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2012-10-01 | Abbott Lab | Methods and systems for the analysis of protein samples |
MX354359B (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2018-02-28 | Roche Glycart Ag | Antibody fc variants. |
WO2012131053A1 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-04 | Ablynx Nv | Methods of treating immune disorders with single domain antibodies against tnf-alpha |
US9777332B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2017-10-03 | St. Jude Children's Research Hospital | Methods and compositions for identifying minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
CN103596983B (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2016-10-26 | 霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 | Anti-FGFR4 antibody and using method |
AU2012239961A1 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2013-10-24 | Biogen Ma Inc. | Biomarkers predictive of therapeutic responsiveness to IFNbeta and uses thereof |
US9150644B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2015-10-06 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Human monoclonal antibodies that bind insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and II |
WO2012142526A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 | 2012-10-18 | Modiano Jaime | Use of tumor fas expression to determine response to anti-cancer therapy |
LT2699264T (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2018-07-10 | Medimmune, Llc | Antibodies and other molecules that bind b7-h1 and pd-1 |
AU2012245073B2 (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2016-02-11 | Garvan Institute Of Medical Research | Modified variable domain molecules and methods for producing and using them b |
JP2014518624A (en) | 2011-05-12 | 2014-08-07 | ザ・ジョンズ・ホプキンス・ユニバーシティー | Assay reagent for neurogranin diagnostic kit |
CA2833212C (en) | 2011-05-12 | 2020-06-09 | Genentech, Inc. | Multiple reaction monitoring lc-ms/ms method to detect therapeutic antibodies in animal samples using framework signature peptides |
CN103596980B (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2017-08-08 | 霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 | FGFR1 activators and application method |
NZ618016A (en) | 2011-05-21 | 2015-05-29 | Macrogenics Inc | Deimmunized serum-binding domains and their use for extending serum half-life |
WO2012162561A2 (en) | 2011-05-24 | 2012-11-29 | Zyngenia, Inc. | Multivalent and monovalent multispecific complexes and their uses |
CA2837527C (en) | 2011-06-02 | 2019-05-28 | Dyax Corp. | Fc receptor binding proteins |
BR112013030958B1 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2022-02-08 | Xoma Technology Ltd | ANTIBODY BINDING GROWTH TRANSFORMATION FACTOR BETA, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION, USES THEREOF, NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULE, EXPRESSION VECTOR, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF AN ANTIBODY |
WO2012168259A1 (en) | 2011-06-06 | 2012-12-13 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Zweigniederlassung | Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 (ptpn11) and triple-negative breast cancer |
US9244074B2 (en) | 2011-06-07 | 2016-01-26 | University Of Hawaii | Biomarker of asbestos exposure and mesothelioma |
WO2012170742A2 (en) | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-13 | University Of Hawaii | Treatment and prevention of cancer with hmgb1 antagonists |
KR102111171B1 (en) | 2011-06-10 | 2020-05-14 | 메디뮨 엘엘씨 | Anti-pseudomonas psl binding molecules and uses thereof |
DK2691530T3 (en) | 2011-06-10 | 2018-05-22 | Univ Oregon Health & Science | CMV GLYCOPROTEIN AND RECOMBINANT VECTORS |
WO2012171996A1 (en) | 2011-06-15 | 2012-12-20 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Anti-human epo receptor antibodies and methods of use |
PL2726094T3 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2017-06-30 | Oxford Biotherapeutics Ltd | Therapeutic and diagnostic target |
PT2726508T (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2017-09-26 | Oxford Biotherapeutics Ltd | Antibodies to adp-ribosyl cyclase 2 |
MX2013014687A (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2014-02-17 | Genentech Inc | Anti-c-met antibody formulations. |
CN103857411A (en) | 2011-07-13 | 2014-06-11 | 阿布维公司 | Methods and compositions for treating asthma using anti-il-13 antibodies |
RU2576034C2 (en) | 2011-07-14 | 2016-02-27 | Пфайзер Инк. | Treating with anti-pcsk9 antibodies |
GB201112056D0 (en) | 2011-07-14 | 2011-08-31 | Univ Leuven Kath | Antibodies |
US9738707B2 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2017-08-22 | Biogen Ma Inc. | Heterodimeric Fc regions, binding molecules comprising same, and methods relating thereto |
CN106167526A (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2016-11-30 | 昂考梅德药品有限公司 | RSPO bonding agent and its application |
US20130022551A1 (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2013-01-24 | Trustees Of Boston University | DEspR ANTAGONISTS AND AGONISTS AS THERAPEUTICS |
TW201840336A (en) | 2011-08-01 | 2018-11-16 | 美商建南德克公司 | Methods of treating cancer using pd-1 axis binding antagonists and mek inhibitors |
WO2013025779A1 (en) | 2011-08-15 | 2013-02-21 | Amplimmune, Inc. | Anti-b7-h4 antibodies and their uses |
JP2014526891A (en) | 2011-08-17 | 2014-10-09 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | Neuregulin antibodies and their use |
AU2012298884B2 (en) | 2011-08-23 | 2017-11-16 | Foundation Medicine, Inc. | Novel KIF5B-RET fusion molecules and uses thereof |
RU2014109038A (en) | 2011-08-23 | 2015-09-27 | Рош Гликарт Аг | ANTIBODIES TO CHONDROITINSULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN MELANOMA |
RU2605390C2 (en) | 2011-08-23 | 2016-12-20 | Рош Гликарт Аг | Bispecific antibodies specific for t-cell activating antigens and a tumor antigen and methods of use |
KR101723273B1 (en) | 2011-08-23 | 2017-04-04 | 로슈 글리카트 아게 | Fc-free antibodies comprising two fab fragments and methods of use |
US20130058947A1 (en) | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-07 | Stem Centrx, Inc | Novel Modulators and Methods of Use |
EP2753697A1 (en) | 2011-09-05 | 2014-07-16 | ETH Zürich | Biosynthetic gene cluster for the production of peptide/protein analogues |
ES2908046T3 (en) | 2011-09-09 | 2022-04-27 | Medimmune Ltd | Anti-siglec-15 antibodies and uses thereof. |
EP2568289A3 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2013-04-03 | International AIDS Vaccine Initiative | Immunoselection of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing hiv-1 proteins by broadly neutralizing antibodies |
US10093705B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2018-10-09 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Compositions and methods for brown fat induction and activity using FNDC5 |
CN103930781A (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2014-07-16 | 霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 | Methods of promoting differentiation |
CN103930111A (en) | 2011-09-19 | 2014-07-16 | 霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 | Combination treatments comprising C-MET antagonists and B-RAF antagonists |
ES2707580T3 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2019-04-04 | Oncomed Pharm Inc | VEGF / DLL4 binding agents and uses thereof |
WO2013052155A1 (en) | 2011-10-05 | 2013-04-11 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods of treating liver conditions using notch2 antagonists |
EP2764370B1 (en) | 2011-10-06 | 2017-09-13 | The Board of Trustees of the University of Illionis | Myosin binding protein-c for use in methods relating to diastolic heart failure |
US10221454B2 (en) | 2011-10-10 | 2019-03-05 | The Hospital For Sick Children | Methods and compositions for screening and treating developmental disorders |
WO2013054320A1 (en) | 2011-10-11 | 2013-04-18 | Tel Hashomer Medical Research Infrastructure And Services Ltd. | Antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (ceacam) |
US8623821B2 (en) | 2011-10-14 | 2014-01-07 | Genentech, Inc. | Zymogen activators |
CN103917556B (en) | 2011-10-14 | 2018-02-06 | 霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 | Anti- HtrA1 antibody and application method |
EP2766028B1 (en) | 2011-10-14 | 2017-08-16 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Peptide inhibitors of bace1 |
WO2013056148A2 (en) | 2011-10-15 | 2013-04-18 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods of using scd1 antagonists |
WO2013059531A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 | 2013-04-25 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-gcgr antibodies and uses thereof |
CN104203978A (en) | 2011-10-24 | 2014-12-10 | 艾伯维股份有限公司 | Immunobinders directed against sclerostin |
US9803009B2 (en) | 2011-10-24 | 2017-10-31 | Abbvie Inc. | Immunobinders directed against TNF |
EP2586461A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-01 | Christopher L. Parks | Viral particles derived from an enveloped virus |
MX2014004991A (en) | 2011-10-28 | 2014-05-22 | Genentech Inc | Therapeutic combinations and methods of treating melanoma. |
AU2012332590B2 (en) | 2011-11-01 | 2016-10-20 | Bionomics, Inc. | Anti-GPR49 antibodies |
AU2012332593B2 (en) | 2011-11-01 | 2016-11-17 | Bionomics, Inc. | Anti-GPR49 antibodies |
CN104053671A (en) | 2011-11-01 | 2014-09-17 | 生态学有限公司 | Antibodies and methods of treating cancer |
ES2697674T3 (en) | 2011-11-01 | 2019-01-25 | Bionomics Inc | Procedures to block the growth of cancer stem cells |
JP5837215B2 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2015-12-24 | ユニバーシティー オブ ロチェスター | Anti-glucosaminidase passive immunization against Staphylococcus aureus infection |
ES2847867T3 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2021-08-04 | Tripath Imaging Inc | Methods and compositions for preparing samples for immunostaining |
US11180807B2 (en) | 2011-11-04 | 2021-11-23 | Population Bio, Inc. | Methods for detecting a genetic variation in attractin-like 1 (ATRNL1) gene in subject with Parkinson's disease |
KR102184343B1 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2020-11-30 | 메디뮨 엘엘씨 | Combination therapies using anti-pseudomonas psl and pcrv binding molecules |
RU2014114015A (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2015-12-20 | Пфайзер Инк. | METHODS FOR TREATING INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS USING ANTIBODIES AGAINST M-CSF |
EP2776838A1 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2014-09-17 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Zweigniederlassung Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Research | Early diagnostic of neurodegenerative diseases |
US20140314787A1 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2014-10-23 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Zweigniederlassung, Friedrich Miescher Institute | Treatment for neurodegenerative diseases |
WO2013071233A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-16 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health & Human Services | Methods for detecting infectious agents and a novel virus detected thereby |
SG11201401649VA (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2014-07-30 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Albumin binding antibodies and binding fragments thereof |
SG11201401699WA (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2014-09-26 | Rinat Neuroscience Corp | Antibodies specific for trop-2 and their uses |
EP2794010A4 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2015-10-21 | Immunogen Inc | Method of treatment of tumors that are resistant to egfr therapies by egfr antibody cytotoxic agent conjugate |
CN104066748A (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2014-09-24 | 霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 | Purification of anti-c-met antibodies |
RU2620068C2 (en) | 2011-11-23 | 2017-05-22 | МЕДИММЬЮН, ЭлЭлСи | Binding molecule specific for her3, and their applications |
RU2014124530A (en) | 2011-11-23 | 2015-12-27 | Идженика, Инк. | ANTIBODIES TO CD98 AND WAYS OF THEIR APPLICATION |
US20140017174A1 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2014-01-16 | Raja Atreya | Methods and compositions for determining responsiveness to treatment with a tnf-alpha inhibitor |
WO2013083497A1 (en) | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-13 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Antibody formulation |
WO2013090635A2 (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-20 | AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Composition and method for the diagnosis and treatment of iron-related disorders |
WO2013090633A2 (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-20 | AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Composition and method for the diagnosis and treatment of iron-related disorders |
WO2013096516A1 (en) | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-27 | Xoma Technology Ltd. | Methods for treating acne |
SG10201601882PA (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2016-04-28 | Hoffmann La Roche | Expression Vector Organization, Novel Production Cell Generation Methods And Their Use For The Recombinant Production Of Polypeptides |
EP3354660A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2018-08-01 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Expression vector element combinations, novel production cell generation methods and their use for the recombinant production of polypeptides |
BR112014013035A2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2018-10-09 | Hoffmann La Roche | cell selection methods, bicistronic expression sets, eukaryotic cells, lentiviral vectors, lentiviral vector use, lentiviral and eukaryotic cell libraries, cell selection methods, workflows, and cell use |
WO2013096791A1 (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-27 | Genentech, Inc. | Process for making high concentration protein formulations |
EP3539982A3 (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2020-01-15 | Pfizer Inc | Engineered antibody constant regions for site-specific conjugation and methods and uses therefor |
AU2012362326A1 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2014-07-24 | Abbvie Inc. | Dual variable domain immunoglobulins against IL-13 and/or IL-17 |
WO2013102825A1 (en) | 2012-01-02 | 2013-07-11 | Novartis Ag | Cdcp1 and breast cancer |
US20150011431A1 (en) | 2012-01-09 | 2015-01-08 | The Scripps Research Institute | Humanized antibodies |
US20140050720A1 (en) | 2012-01-09 | 2014-02-20 | The Scripps Research Institute | Ultralong complementarity determining regions and uses thereof |
NZ626620A (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2016-07-29 | Biogen Ma Inc | Enhancement of transport of therapeutic molecules across the blood brain barrier |
RU2014133547A (en) | 2012-01-18 | 2016-03-10 | Дженентек, Инк. | WAYS OF APPLICATION OF FGF19 MODULATORS |
TW201335187A (en) | 2012-01-18 | 2013-09-01 | Genentech Inc | Anti-LRP5 antibodies and methods of use |
GB201201332D0 (en) | 2012-01-26 | 2012-03-14 | Imp Innovations Ltd | Method |
IL297229A (en) | 2012-01-27 | 2022-12-01 | Abbvie Inc | Composition and method for diagnosis and treatment of diseases associated with neurite degeneration |
WO2013162654A1 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-10-31 | Biodesy, Llc | Methods for detecting allosteric modulators of proteins |
DK2812452T3 (en) | 2012-02-09 | 2020-06-29 | Population Bio Inc | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR SCREENING AND TREATING DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS |
EP2812702B1 (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2019-04-17 | Seattle Genetics, Inc. | Diagnosis and management of CD30-expressing cancers |
JP6545959B2 (en) | 2012-02-11 | 2019-07-17 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | R-Spondin rearrangement and method of using the same |
TR201808458T4 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2018-07-23 | Hoffmann La Roche | FC-receptor based affinity chromatography. |
RS57827B1 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2018-12-31 | Novo Nordisk As | Antibodies that bind peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 |
US9550830B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2017-01-24 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Antibodies that bind and block triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) |
LT2814844T (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2017-10-25 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Antibodies that bind and block triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (trem-1) |
GB201203051D0 (en) | 2012-02-22 | 2012-04-04 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Biological products |
GB201203071D0 (en) | 2012-02-22 | 2012-04-04 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Biological products |
RU2014138474A (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2016-04-10 | СтемСентРкс, Инк. | NEW MODULATORS AND APPLICATION METHODS |
US20150098988A1 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2015-04-09 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Combination therapy for the treatment of ovarian cancer |
RU2014141018A (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2016-05-10 | Ф. Хоффманн-Ля Рош Аг | METHODS OF TREATING MELANOMA WITH CANCER INHIBITORS |
CN104254541A (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2014-12-31 | 弗·哈夫曼-拉罗切有限公司 | Engineered conformationally-stabilized proteins |
US9139863B2 (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2015-09-22 | Genentech, Inc. | Engineered conformationally-stabilized proteins |
ES2661516T3 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2018-04-02 | Otago Innovation Limited | Biomarkers |
WO2013139956A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 | 2013-09-26 | Thrombogenics Nv | Antibodies abrogating cell binding to lactadherin |
WO2013142808A1 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-26 | The Government Of The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services | Pathogenic phlebovirus isolates and compositions and methods of use |
US20130259867A1 (en) | 2012-03-27 | 2013-10-03 | Genentech, Inc. | Diagnosis and treatments relating to her3 inhibitors |
US9139659B2 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2015-09-22 | Genentech, Inc. | Idiotypic antibodies and uses thereof |
EP2831112A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2015-02-04 | Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research | Inhibition of interleukin- 8 and/or its receptor cxcrl in the treatment her2/her3 -overexpressing breast cancer |
AR090549A1 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2014-11-19 | Genentech Inc | ANTI-LGR5 AND IMMUNOCATE PLAYERS |
EA038600B1 (en) | 2012-04-02 | 2021-09-21 | Берг Ллк | Interrogatory cell-based assays and uses thereof |
WO2013151649A1 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2013-10-10 | Sialix Inc | Glycan-interacting compounds |
US10130714B2 (en) | 2012-04-14 | 2018-11-20 | Academia Sinica | Enhanced anti-influenza agents conjugated with anti-inflammatory activity |
WO2013158275A1 (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2013-10-24 | Abbvie Inc. | Cell culture methods to reduce acidic species |
WO2013158279A1 (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2013-10-24 | Abbvie Inc. | Protein purification methods to reduce acidic species |
US9181572B2 (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2015-11-10 | Abbvie, Inc. | Methods to modulate lysine variant distribution |
ES2743399T3 (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2020-02-19 | Merus Nv | Methods and means for the production of Ig-like heterodimeric molecules |
EP2841454A1 (en) | 2012-04-24 | 2015-03-04 | ThromboGenics N.V. | Anti-pdgf-c antibodies |
EP2844300B1 (en) | 2012-05-01 | 2018-10-17 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-pmel17 antibodies and immunoconjugates |
WO2013170191A1 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2013-11-14 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods of using antagonists of nad biosynthesis from nicotinamide |
CN104470541A (en) | 2012-05-14 | 2015-03-25 | 比奥根艾迪克Ma公司 | Lingo-2 antagonists for treatment of conditions involving motor neurons |
EP2849786B1 (en) | 2012-05-15 | 2019-11-06 | Eisai Inc. | Methods for treatment of gastric cancer |
WO2013177118A2 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2013-11-28 | Abbvie Inc. | Novel purification of non-human antibodies using protein a affinity chromatography |
JP6294311B2 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2018-03-14 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | How to select a treatment |
WO2013176754A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2013-11-28 | Abbvie Inc. | Novel purification of antibodies using hydrophobic interaction chromatography |
EP2855528B1 (en) | 2012-05-31 | 2019-06-19 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods of treating cancer using pd-l1 axis binding antagonists and vegf antagonists |
CN104364264B (en) | 2012-06-06 | 2018-07-24 | 硕腾服务有限责任公司 | Dog source anti-ngf antibodies and its method |
WO2013184912A2 (en) | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-12 | Oncomed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Binding agents that modulate the hippo pathway and uses thereof |
AR091462A1 (en) | 2012-06-15 | 2015-02-04 | Genentech Inc | ANTI-PCSK9 ANTIBODIES, FORMULATIONS, DOSAGE AND METHODS OF USE |
EP2679596B1 (en) | 2012-06-27 | 2017-04-12 | International Aids Vaccine Initiative | HIV-1 env glycoprotein variant |
EP2867674B1 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2018-10-10 | UCB Biopharma SPRL | A method for identifying compounds of therapeutic interest |
US20150218238A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2015-08-06 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Zweigniederlassung Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Resear | Treating diseases by modulating a specific isoform of mkl1 |
CN104394886B (en) | 2012-07-04 | 2017-05-24 | 弗·哈夫曼-拉罗切有限公司 | Anti-theophylline antibodies and methods of use |
EP2869848B1 (en) | 2012-07-04 | 2016-09-21 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Covalently linked antigen-antibody conjugates |
EP3339328A1 (en) | 2012-07-04 | 2018-06-27 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Anti-biotin antibodies and methods of use |
WO2014006114A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 | 2014-01-09 | Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Zweigniederlassung Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Research | New treatment for neurodegenerative diseases |
MX356162B (en) | 2012-07-05 | 2018-05-16 | Genentech Inc | Expression and secretion system. |
US20150224190A1 (en) | 2012-07-06 | 2015-08-13 | Mohamed Bentires-Alj | Combination of a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor and an inhibitor of the IL-8/CXCR interaction |
CA2873889A1 (en) | 2012-07-09 | 2014-01-16 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-cd22 antibodies and immunoconjugates |
MX2015000359A (en) | 2012-07-09 | 2015-04-14 | Genentech Inc | Immunoconjugates comprising anti-cd79b antibodies. |
CN104428007B (en) | 2012-07-09 | 2018-03-16 | 基因泰克公司 | Immunoconjugates comprising anti-CD22 antibody |
ES2661572T3 (en) | 2012-07-09 | 2018-04-02 | Genentech, Inc. | Immunoconjugates comprising anti-CD79b antibodies |
AR091755A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2015-02-25 | Abbvie Inc | PROTEINS OF UNION TO IL-1 |
HUE056217T2 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2022-02-28 | Roche Glycart Ag | Bispecific anti-vegf/anti-ang-2 antibodies and their use in the treatment of ocular vascular diseases |
GB201213652D0 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2012-09-12 | Oxford Biotherapeutics Ltd | Therapeutic and diagnostic target |
US9297806B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2016-03-29 | The Johns Hopkins University | 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in human cancer |
WO2014022759A1 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-06 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Agents that modulate immune cell activation and methods of use thereof |
SG11201500903XA (en) | 2012-08-07 | 2015-03-30 | Genentech Inc | Combination therapy for the treatment of glioblastoma |
CA2880701A1 (en) | 2012-08-18 | 2014-02-27 | Academia Sinica | Cell-permeable probes for identification and imaging of sialidases |
PL2890717T3 (en) | 2012-08-31 | 2020-08-10 | Immunogen, Inc. | Diagnostic assays and kits for detection of folate receptor 1 |
WO2014039860A2 (en) | 2012-09-07 | 2014-03-13 | University Of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc. | Compositions and methods for modulating dnmt1 inhibitor activity |
EP2895621B1 (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2020-10-21 | Population Bio, Inc. | Methods and compositions for diagnosing, prognosing, and treating neurological conditions |
US10233495B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2019-03-19 | The Hospital For Sick Children | Methods and compositions for screening and treating developmental disorders |
EP2904106A4 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2016-05-11 | Univ Pennsylvania | Compositions and methods for targeting stromal cells for the treatment of cancer |
BR112015007120A2 (en) | 2012-10-08 | 2017-12-12 | Roche Glycart Ag | bispecific antibody, pharmaceutical composition, use, host cell and method of producing an antibody |
US20150231240A1 (en) | 2012-10-09 | 2015-08-20 | Igenica Biotherapeutics, Inc. | Anti-c16orf54 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
EP3750560A3 (en) | 2012-10-09 | 2021-03-24 | Biogen MA Inc. | Combination therapies and uses for treatment of demyelinating disorders |
EP2906241B1 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2020-01-08 | The Brigham and Women's Hospital, Inc. | Enhancement of the immune response |
WO2014066328A1 (en) | 2012-10-23 | 2014-05-01 | Oncomed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods of treating neuroendocrine tumors using wnt pathway-binding agents |
WO2014071018A1 (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-08 | Oncomed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods and monitoring of treatment with a dll4 antagonist |
SG11201503412RA (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2015-05-28 | Abbvie Inc | Anti-vegf/dll4 dual variable domain immunoglobulins and uses thereof |
MX2015005722A (en) | 2012-11-05 | 2016-01-12 | Genzyme Corp | Compositions and methods for treating proteinopathies. |
WO2014071358A2 (en) | 2012-11-05 | 2014-05-08 | Foundation Medicine, Inc. | Novel ntrk1 fusion molecules and uses thereof |
WO2014072306A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-15 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Her3 antigen binding proteins binding to the beta-hairpin of her3 |
WO2014074942A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-15 | Illumina, Inc. | Risk variants of alzheimer's disease |
EP3489258A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 | 2019-05-29 | Eleven Biotherapeutics, Inc. | Il-6 antagonists and uses thereof |
TWI657095B (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2019-04-21 | 美商建南德克公司 | Anti-hemagglutinin antibodies and methods of use |
US10407503B2 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2019-09-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Fully human antibodies and fragments recognizing human c-Met |
KR102344907B1 (en) | 2012-12-10 | 2021-12-28 | 바이오젠 엠에이 인코포레이티드 | Anti-blood dendritic cell antigen 2 antibodies and uses thereof |
EP2935332B1 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2021-11-10 | MedImmune, LLC | Anti-h7cr antibodies |
SG11201504887TA (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2015-07-30 | Bioalliance Cv | Hydrophilic self-immolative linkers and conjugates thereof |
GB201223276D0 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2013-02-06 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Antibodies and methods of producing same |
US9550986B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2017-01-24 | Abbvie Inc. | High-throughput antibody humanization |
AU2013202668B2 (en) | 2012-12-24 | 2014-12-18 | Adelaide Research & Innovation Pty Ltd | Inhibition of cancer growth and metastasis |
WO2014107739A1 (en) | 2013-01-07 | 2014-07-10 | Eleven Biotherapeutics, Inc. | Antibodies against pcsk9 |
US10717965B2 (en) | 2013-01-10 | 2020-07-21 | Gloriana Therapeutics, Inc. | Mammalian cell culture-produced neublastin antibodies |
CA2898326C (en) | 2013-01-18 | 2022-05-17 | Foundation Medicine, Inc. | Methods of treating cholangiocarcinoma |
WO2014116749A1 (en) | 2013-01-23 | 2014-07-31 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-hcv antibodies and methods of using thereof |
CN104955480A (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2015-09-30 | 西蒙有限公司 | Compositions for selective reduction of circulating bioactive soluble TNF and methods for treating TNF-mediated disease |
JP2016510411A (en) | 2013-02-04 | 2016-04-07 | オンコメッド ファーマシューティカルズ インコーポレイテッド | Methods and monitoring of treatment with WNT pathway inhibitors |
GB201302447D0 (en) | 2013-02-12 | 2013-03-27 | Oxford Biotherapeutics Ltd | Therapeutic and diagnostic target |
WO2014129895A1 (en) | 2013-02-19 | 2014-08-28 | Stichting Vu-Vumc | Means and method for increasing the sensitivity of cancers for radiotherapy |
US9968687B2 (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2018-05-15 | Abbvie Stemcentrx Llc | Anti-DLL3 antibody drug conjugates |
KR20150118159A (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2015-10-21 | 에프. 호프만-라 로슈 아게 | Methods of treating cancer and preventing drug resistance |
CA2901126C (en) | 2013-02-25 | 2022-01-25 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods and compositions for detecting and treating drug resistant akt mutant |
US20140242083A1 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-08-28 | Roche Glycart Ag | Anti-mcsp antibodies |
CN105246511A (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2016-01-13 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | Methods of treating and preventing cancer drug resistance |
CN105229035A (en) * | 2013-03-11 | 2016-01-06 | 诺和诺德保健股份有限公司 | Growth hormone compound |
TW201513880A (en) * | 2013-03-11 | 2015-04-16 | Novo Nordisk As | Growth hormone compounds |
BR112015022484A2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2017-07-18 | Genentech Inc | reduced oxidation formulations |
KR102127085B1 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2020-06-26 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Antibody formulations |
US10653779B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2020-05-19 | Genentech, Inc. | Formulations with reduced oxidation |
CA3135558A1 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2014-10-02 | Genentech, Inc. | Prevention of protein oxidation in a composition |
US20140314778A1 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2014-10-23 | Genentech, Inc. | Formulations with reduced oxidation |
CN105246508A (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-01-13 | 基因泰克公司 | Combinations of a mek inhibitor compound with an her3/egfr inhibitor compound and methods of use |
EP3916103A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2021-12-01 | Abbott Laboratories | Hcv core lipid binding domain monoclonal antibodies |
US9562099B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-02-07 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-B7-H4 antibodies and immunoconjugates |
EP2968526A4 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-11-09 | Abbott Lab | Hcv antigen-antibody combination assay and methods and compositions for use therein |
EP2970474B1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-12-20 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-b7-h4 antibodies and immunoconjugates |
WO2014142882A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Abbvie Inc. | Protein purification using displacement chromatography |
AU2014236309A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2015-10-29 | Ren Liu | Cancer treatment using antibodies that bing cell surface GRP78 |
BR112015017307A2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-11-21 | Abbvie Inc | compositions of low acid species and methods for their production and use |
EP2968565A2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-01-20 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods of treating cancer and preventing cancer drug resistance |
CA2899449A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-10-02 | Abbvie Inc. | Low acidic species compositions and methods for producing the same using displacement chromatography |
US9168300B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2015-10-27 | Oncomed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | MET-binding agents and uses thereof |
BR112015023355A8 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2018-01-30 | Abbott Lab | hcv ns3 recombinant antigens and mutants thereof for enhanced antibody detection. |
WO2014144600A2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Viktor Roschke | Multivalent and monovalent multispecific complexes and their uses |
EP2968508B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2022-04-27 | Sanofi Pasteur Biologics, LLC | Antibodies against clostridium difficile toxins and methods of using the same |
KR102202476B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2021-01-12 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Cell culture media and methods of antibody production |
TR201809571T4 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-07-23 | Hoffmann La Roche | IL-22 polypeptides and IL-22 fc fusion proteins and methods of use. |
JP2016522793A (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-08-04 | アッヴィ・インコーポレイテッド | Bispecific binding protein directed against IL-1β and / or IL-17 |
CA2905798C (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2023-01-24 | Genentech, Inc. | Biomarkers and methods of treating pd-1 and pd-l1 related conditions |
RU2718986C2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2020-04-15 | Дженентек, Инк. | Compositions of cell cultures with antioxidants and methods for producing polypeptides |
KR20150131177A (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-11-24 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Anti-crth2 antibodies and their use |
US20140286968A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | Abbvie Inc. | Antibody drug conjugate (adc) purification |
JP6568514B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-08-28 | エーシー イミューン エス.エー. | Anti-tau antibodies and methods of use |
KR102305226B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2021-09-29 | 아비에 도이치란트 게엠베하 운트 콤파니 카게 | Anti-egfr antibody drug conjugate formulations |
US20160017041A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-01-21 | Biogen Ma Inc. | Treatment and prevention of acute kidney injury using anti-alpha v beta 5 antibodies |
EP2968498A4 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-09-07 | Biogen Ma Inc | Factor ix polypeptide formulations |
AU2014236815B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-04-04 | Genentech, Inc. | Compositions and methods for diagnosis and treatment of hepatic cancers |
JP2016520528A (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-07-14 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | Cancer treatment and anticancer drug resistance prevention method |
US9469686B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-10-18 | Abbott Laboratories | Anti-GP73 monoclonal antibodies and methods of obtaining the same |
EP2981282B1 (en) | 2013-04-05 | 2020-11-04 | Novo Nordisk Health Care AG | Growth hormone compound formulation |
US9499621B2 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2016-11-22 | Cytodyn, Inc. | Felinized antibodies and methods of treating retroviral infections in felines |
EP3327034A1 (en) | 2013-04-29 | 2018-05-30 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Fcrn-binding abolished anti-igf-1r antibodies and their use in the treatment of vascular eye diseases |
EP2992010B1 (en) | 2013-04-29 | 2021-03-24 | F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Fc-receptor binding modified asymmetric antibodies and methods of use |
MY172430A (en) | 2013-04-29 | 2019-11-25 | Hoffmann La Roche | Human fcrn-binding modified antibodies and methods of use |
US10501802B2 (en) | 2013-04-30 | 2019-12-10 | Universite De Montreal | Biomarkers for acute myeloid leukemia |
RS61778B1 (en) | 2013-05-06 | 2021-06-30 | Scholar Rock Inc | Compositions and methods for growth factor modulation |
TWI573805B (en) | 2013-05-20 | 2017-03-11 | 建南德克公司 | Anti-transferrin receptor antibodies and methods of use |
WO2014190356A2 (en) | 2013-05-24 | 2014-11-27 | Amplimmune, Inc. | Anti-b7-h5 antibodies and their uses |
EP3293275B1 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2021-08-04 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Compositions and methods for identification, assessment prevention, and treatment of cancer using pd-l1 isoforms |
AU2014274660B2 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2019-05-16 | Pierre Fabre Médicament | Anti-C10orf54 antibodies and uses thereof |
WO2014197885A2 (en) | 2013-06-07 | 2014-12-11 | Duke University | Inhibitors of complement factor h |
CN105636984A (en) | 2013-06-13 | 2016-06-01 | 法斯特弗沃德制药有限公司 | CD40 signalling inhibitor and a further compound, wherein the further compound is a bile acid, a bile acid derivative, an TGR5-receptor agonist, an FXR agonist or a combination thereof, for the treatment of chronic inflammation, and the prevention of gastrointestinal cancer or fibrosis. |
US10086054B2 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2018-10-02 | Academia Sinica | RM2 antigens and use thereof |
US9981030B2 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2018-05-29 | Academia Sinica | Glycan conjugates and use thereof |
MY183503A (en) | 2013-07-16 | 2021-02-23 | Genentech Inc | Method of treating cancer using pd-1 axis binding antagonists and tigit inhibitors |
EP3022224A2 (en) | 2013-07-18 | 2016-05-25 | Fabrus, Inc. | Antibodies with ultralong complementarity determining regions |
WO2015010100A2 (en) | 2013-07-18 | 2015-01-22 | Fabrus, Inc. | Humanized antibodies with ultralong complementarity determining regions |
EP3027225B1 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2021-03-24 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Compositions and methods for modulating thermogenesis using transforming growth factor alpha |
SG11201600171SA (en) | 2013-08-02 | 2016-02-26 | Pfizer | Anti-cxcr4 antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates |
EP3030902B1 (en) | 2013-08-07 | 2019-09-25 | Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research | New screening method for the treatment friedreich's ataxia |
WO2015026846A1 (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2015-02-26 | Biogen Idec Ma Inc. | Control of protein glycosylation by culture medium supplementation and cell culture process parameters |
RS62189B1 (en) | 2013-08-26 | 2021-08-31 | Biontech Research And Development Inc | Nucleic acids encoding human antibodies to sialyl-lewis a |
US9993566B2 (en) | 2013-08-28 | 2018-06-12 | Abbvie Stemcentrx Llc | SEZ6 modulators and methods of use |
KR20160044042A (en) | 2013-08-28 | 2016-04-22 | 스템센트알엑스 인코포레이티드 | Site-specific antibody conjugation methods and compositions |
US10617755B2 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2020-04-14 | Genentech, Inc. | Combination therapy for the treatment of glioblastoma |
WO2015031815A2 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-05 | Immunogen, Inc. | Antibodies and assays for detection of folate receptor 1 |
US10456470B2 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2019-10-29 | Genentech, Inc. | Diagnostic methods and compositions for treatment of glioblastoma |
EP2848937A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-18 | International Aids Vaccine Initiative | Methods of identifying novel HIV-1 immunogens |
KR102298172B1 (en) | 2013-09-06 | 2021-09-06 | 아카데미아 시니카 | HUMAN iNKT CELL ACTIVATION USING GLYCOLIPIDS WITH ALTERED GLYCOSYL GROUPS |
CA2922889A1 (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2015-03-26 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods of using anti-lgr5 antibodies |
US9957506B2 (en) | 2013-09-25 | 2018-05-01 | Cornell University | Compounds for inducing anti-tumor immunity and methods thereof |
US10611794B2 (en) | 2013-09-25 | 2020-04-07 | Bioverativ Therapeutics Inc. | On-column viral inactivation methods |
US10570204B2 (en) | 2013-09-26 | 2020-02-25 | The Medical College Of Wisconsin, Inc. | Methods for treating hematologic cancers |
SG11201602283UA (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2016-04-28 | Genentech Inc | Anti-pdl1 antibody formulations |
EP3049437A1 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2016-08-03 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Thermus thermophilus slyd fkbp domain specific antibodies |
EP2873423B1 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2017-05-31 | International Aids Vaccine Initiative | Soluble hiv-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers |
SG11201602361UA (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2016-04-28 | Immunogen Inc | Anti-folr1 immunoconjugate dosing regimens |
KR20160068855A (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2016-06-15 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Nsp4 inhibitors and methods of use |
RU2016114074A (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2017-11-23 | Дженентек, Инк. | ANTI-RSPO ANTIBODIES AND METHODS OF APPLICATION |
WO2015057939A1 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-23 | Biogen Idec Ma Inc. | Anti-s1p4 antibodies and uses thereof |
EP3060685B1 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2019-05-01 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Method of predicting the response of an asthma patient to therapy |
JP2016536018A (en) | 2013-10-28 | 2016-11-24 | ドッツ テクノロジー コーポレイションDOTS Technology Corp. | Allergen detection |
EP4331590A3 (en) | 2013-10-29 | 2024-04-17 | President and Fellows of Harvard College | Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (nrf2) for use in treatment of age-related macular degeneration |
US20160272674A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 | 2016-09-22 | Abbvie Inc. | Isolation and purification of antibodies |
DK3511422T3 (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2023-02-06 | Population Bio Inc | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR DIAGNOSING, PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRIOSIS |
CN105940115B (en) | 2013-11-15 | 2021-07-06 | 巴斯德研究所 | Molecular marker of plasmodium falciparum artemisinin resistance |
NZ717673A (en) | 2013-11-21 | 2020-02-28 | Hoffmann La Roche | Anti-alpha-synuclein antibodies and methods of use |
JP6879739B2 (en) | 2013-11-25 | 2021-06-02 | フェイムウェイヴ リミテッド | Compositions Containing Anti-CEACAM1 and Anti-PD Antibodies for Cancer Treatment |
US20160297875A1 (en) | 2013-12-07 | 2016-10-13 | Case Western Reserve University | Compositions and methods of treating thrombosis |
EP3080611B1 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2018-11-14 | The General Hospital Corporation | Soluble high molecular weight (hmw) tau species and applications thereof |
KR20160098328A (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2016-08-18 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Anti-cd33 antibodies and immunoconjugates |
BR112016013514B1 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2022-04-19 | Stora Enso Oyj (Fi) | MULTI-LAYER CARDBOARD |
CN110156893B (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2023-03-03 | 基因泰克公司 | anti-CD 3 antibodies and methods of use |
HUE047699T2 (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2020-05-28 | Hoffmann La Roche | Methods of treating cancers using pd-1 axis binding antagonists and taxanes |
US9914769B2 (en) | 2014-07-15 | 2018-03-13 | Kymab Limited | Precision medicine for cholesterol treatment |
EP3083687A2 (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2016-10-26 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Combination therapy comprising ox40 binding agonists and pd-1 axis binding antagonists |
US9067998B1 (en) | 2014-07-15 | 2015-06-30 | Kymab Limited | Targeting PD-1 variants for treatment of cancer |
US8992927B1 (en) | 2014-07-15 | 2015-03-31 | Kymab Limited | Targeting human NAV1.7 variants for treatment of pain |
US20150210772A1 (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2015-07-30 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods of treating cancer using pd-1 axis binding antagonists and an anti-cd20 antibody |
US9045545B1 (en) | 2014-07-15 | 2015-06-02 | Kymab Limited | Precision medicine by targeting PD-L1 variants for treatment of cancer |
US8986694B1 (en) | 2014-07-15 | 2015-03-24 | Kymab Limited | Targeting human nav1.7 variants for treatment of pain |
CA3225453A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Novartis Ag | Human mesothelin chimeric antigen receptors and uses thereof |
WO2015095809A1 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Biogen Idec Ma Inc. | Use of perfusion seed cultures to improve biopharmaceutical fed-batch production capacity and product quality |
US11708411B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2023-07-25 | Wake Forest University Health Sciences | Methods and compositions for increasing protective antibody levels induced by pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines |
EP2960252A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 | 2015-12-30 | Institut Pasteur | Phospholipase for treatment of immunosuppression |
TWI728373B (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2021-05-21 | 美商建南德克公司 | Antibodies and methods of use |
MX369173B (en) | 2013-12-24 | 2019-10-30 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | Anti-vista antibodies and fragments. |
BR112016012666A2 (en) | 2014-01-03 | 2017-09-26 | Hoffmann La Roche | conjugate, antibodies, pharmaceutical formulation and uses of conjugate |
JP6476194B2 (en) | 2014-01-03 | 2019-02-27 | エフ.ホフマン−ラ ロシュ アーゲーF. Hoffmann−La Roche Aktiengesellschaft | Bispecific anti-hapten / anti-blood brain barrier receptor antibodies, complexes thereof, and their use as blood brain barrier shuttles |
MX2016008191A (en) | 2014-01-03 | 2017-11-16 | Hoffmann La Roche | Covalently linked polypeptide toxin-antibody conjugates. |
WO2015103549A1 (en) | 2014-01-03 | 2015-07-09 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Department Of Health And Human Services | Neutralizing antibodies to hiv-1 env and their use |
RU2694659C2 (en) | 2014-01-06 | 2019-07-16 | Ф. Хоффманн-Ля Рош Аг | Monovalent carrier modules across blood-brain barrier |
EP3094736A4 (en) | 2014-01-14 | 2017-10-25 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Compositions and methods for identification, assessment, prevention, and treatment of melanoma using pd-l1 isoforms |
EP3835318A1 (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2021-06-16 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Fc-region variants with modified fcrn- and maintained protein a-binding properties |
WO2016114819A1 (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2016-07-21 | Academia Sinica | Compositions and methods for treatment and detection of cancers |
US10150818B2 (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2018-12-11 | Academia Sinica | Compositions and methods for treatment and detection of cancers |
WO2015109180A2 (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-23 | Academia Sinica | Compositions and methods for treatment and detection of cancers |
US10179911B2 (en) | 2014-01-20 | 2019-01-15 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Negative selection and stringency modulation in continuous evolution systems |
JOP20200094A1 (en) | 2014-01-24 | 2017-06-16 | Dana Farber Cancer Inst Inc | Antibody molecules to pd-1 and uses thereof |
RU2701434C2 (en) | 2014-01-24 | 2019-09-26 | Нгм Биофармасьютикалс, Инк. | Binding proteins and methods for use thereof |
EP3096797A1 (en) | 2014-01-24 | 2016-11-30 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Methods of using anti-steap1 antibodies and immunoconjugates |
US11648335B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2023-05-16 | Wake Forest University Health Sciences | Organ/tissue decellularization, framework maintenance and recellularization |
WO2015116902A1 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2015-08-06 | Genentech, Inc. | G-protein coupled receptors in hedgehog signaling |
JOP20200096A1 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2017-06-16 | Children’S Medical Center Corp | Antibody molecules to tim-3 and uses thereof |
AU2015214264B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 | 2018-12-20 | Curis, Inc. | Mutant Smoothened and methods of using the same |
WO2015120187A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-08-13 | The University Of Chicago | Chimeric antigen receptors recognizing cancer-spevific tn glycopeptide variants |
CN106163548A (en) | 2014-02-08 | 2016-11-23 | 健泰科生物技术公司 | The method for the treatment of Alzheimer's |
AU2015213741B2 (en) | 2014-02-08 | 2020-10-08 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods of treating Alzheimer's Disease |
EP4047015A1 (en) | 2014-02-11 | 2022-08-24 | Visterra, Inc. | Antibody molecules to dengue virus and uses thereof |
TW201902515A (en) | 2014-02-12 | 2019-01-16 | 美商建南德克公司 | Anti-jagged1 antibodies and methods of use |
KR20160124165A (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2016-10-26 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Anti-il-13/il-17 bispecific antibodies and uses thereof |
KR20170008202A (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2017-01-23 | 애브비 스템센트알엑스 엘엘씨 | Anti-dll3 antibodies and drug conjugates for use in melanoma |
GB201403775D0 (en) | 2014-03-04 | 2014-04-16 | Kymab Ltd | Antibodies, uses & methods |
US10435694B2 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2019-10-08 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods and compositions for secretion of heterologous polypeptides |
EP3116909B1 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2019-11-13 | Novartis Ag | Antibody molecules to lag-3 and uses thereof |
US9738702B2 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2017-08-22 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Antibodies with improved half-life in ferrets |
US10556945B2 (en) | 2014-03-21 | 2020-02-11 | Teva Pharmaceuticals International Gmbh | Antagonist antibodies directed against calcitonin gene-related peptide and methods using same |
US20170107294A1 (en) | 2014-03-21 | 2017-04-20 | Nordlandssykehuset Hf | Anti-cd14 antibodies and uses thereof |
JP6568099B2 (en) | 2014-03-21 | 2019-08-28 | テバ・ファーマシューティカルズ・インターナショナル・ゲーエムベーハーTeva Pharmaceuticals International GmbH | Antagonist antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide and method of use thereof |
EP3122900A1 (en) | 2014-03-24 | 2017-02-01 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Cancer treatment with c-met antagonists and correlation of the latter with hgf expression |
US11124760B2 (en) | 2014-03-24 | 2021-09-21 | Biogen Ma Inc. | Methods for overcoming glutamine deprivation during mammalian cell culture |
EP3129767B1 (en) | 2014-03-27 | 2021-09-01 | Academia Sinica | Reactive labelling compounds and uses thereof |
WO2015153514A1 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2015-10-08 | Genentech, Inc. | Combination therapy comprising anti-angiogenesis agents and ox40 binding agonists |
CR20160500A (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2016-12-14 | Genentech Inc | ANTI-OX40 ANTIBODIES AND METHODS OF USE |
SG11201608054YA (en) | 2014-04-02 | 2016-10-28 | Hoffmann La Roche | Method for detecting multispecific antibody light chain mispairing |
KR102352573B1 (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2022-01-18 | 바이오노믹스 인코포레이티드 | Humanized antibodies that bind lgr5 |
CA2948275C (en) | 2014-04-08 | 2023-10-17 | Boston Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Binding molecules specific for il-21 and uses thereof |
WO2015157592A1 (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2015-10-15 | Medimmune, Llc | Bispecific her2 antibodies |
JP6649895B2 (en) | 2014-04-18 | 2020-02-19 | アクセルロン ファーマ, インコーポレイテッド | Method for increasing red blood cell levels and treating sickle cell disease |
WO2015164615A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 | 2015-10-29 | University Of Oslo | Anti-gluten antibodies and uses thereof |
US11427647B2 (en) | 2014-04-27 | 2022-08-30 | Famewave Ltd. | Polynucleotides encoding humanized antibodies against CEACAM1 |
KR102452349B1 (en) | 2014-04-27 | 2022-10-11 | 페임웨이브 리미티드 | Humanized antibodies against ceacam1 |
US9753036B2 (en) | 2014-04-29 | 2017-09-05 | Edp Biotech Corporation | Methods and compositions for screening and detecting biomarkers |
CN106659801B (en) | 2014-04-30 | 2019-12-10 | 辉瑞大药厂 | anti-PTK 7 antibody-drug conjugates |
MX2016014504A (en) | 2014-05-05 | 2017-05-23 | Regeneron Pharma | Humanized c5 and c3 animals. |
AU2015259516B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 | 2020-05-28 | Bavarian Nordic A/S | Combination therapy for treating cancer with a poxvirus expressing a tumor antigen and a monoclonal antibody against TIM-3 |
EP3888690A3 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2021-10-20 | MedImmune, LLC | Molecules with altered neonate fc receptor binding having enhanced therapeutic and diagnostic properties |
MX2016015162A (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2017-03-03 | Genentech Inc | Anti-gpc3 antibodies and immunoconjugates. |
JP2017524371A (en) | 2014-05-23 | 2017-08-31 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | MIT biomarkers and methods of use |
US10118969B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2018-11-06 | Academia Sinica | Compositions and methods relating to universal glycoforms for enhanced antibody efficacy |
CA2950415A1 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2015-12-03 | Academia Sinica | Anti-cd20 glycoantibodies and uses thereof |
CN107074945B (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2021-08-24 | 中央研究院 | Compositions and methods for enhancing the efficacy of antibodies |
WO2015184002A1 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2015-12-03 | Academia Sinica | Anti-her2 glycoantibodies and uses thereof |
WO2015184001A1 (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2015-12-03 | Academia Sinica | Anti-tnf-alpha glycoantibodies and uses thereof |
KR102433464B1 (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2022-08-17 | 아게누스 인코포레이티드 | Anti-gitr antibodies and methods of use thereof |
GB201409558D0 (en) | 2014-05-29 | 2014-07-16 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Method |
AU2015271749B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 | 2018-03-01 | Xbiotech Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating and preventing Staphylococcus aureus infections |
CA2950602C (en) | 2014-06-04 | 2021-07-20 | MabVax Therapeutics, Inc. | Human monoclonal antibodies to ganglioside gd2 |
MX2016016233A (en) | 2014-06-11 | 2017-03-31 | Genentech Inc | Anti-lgr5 antibodies and uses thereof. |
US20230190750A1 (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2023-06-22 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods of treating and preventing cancer drug resistance |
US20170137824A1 (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2017-05-18 | Indranil BANERJEE | New treatment against influenza virus |
TN2016000553A1 (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2018-04-04 | Acceleron Pharma Inc | Methods and compositions for treating ulcers |
MX2016016490A (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2017-07-28 | Bioalliance Cv | Anti-folate receptor aplha (fra) antibody-drug conjugates and methods of using thereof. |
WO2015198202A1 (en) | 2014-06-23 | 2015-12-30 | Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Research | Methods for triggering de novo formation of heterochromatin and or epigenetic silencing with small rnas |
GB201411320D0 (en) | 2014-06-25 | 2014-08-06 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Antibody construct |
TW201623329A (en) | 2014-06-30 | 2016-07-01 | 亞佛瑞司股份有限公司 | Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies targeting truncated variants of osteopontin and uses thereof |
WO2016001830A1 (en) | 2014-07-01 | 2016-01-07 | Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Research | Combination of a brafv600e inhibitor and mertk inhibitor to treat melanoma |
WO2016005545A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 | 2016-01-14 | Affiris Ag | Substances and methods for the use in prevention and/or treatment in huntington's disease |
CN106488775A (en) | 2014-07-11 | 2017-03-08 | 基因泰克公司 | NOTCH approach suppresses |
EP3169801A1 (en) | 2014-07-14 | 2017-05-24 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Diagnostic methods and compositions for treatment of glioblastoma |
US9139648B1 (en) | 2014-07-15 | 2015-09-22 | Kymab Limited | Precision medicine by targeting human NAV1.9 variants for treatment of pain |
CN106573060A (en) | 2014-07-15 | 2017-04-19 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | Compositions for treating cancer using PD-1 axis binding antagonists and MEK inhibitors |
GB201412659D0 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2014-08-27 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Molecules |
GB201412658D0 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2014-08-27 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Molecules |
MX2017000484A (en) | 2014-07-17 | 2017-05-01 | Novo Nordisk As | Site directed mutagenesis of trem-1 antibodies for decreasing viscosity. |
CN112481283A (en) | 2014-07-21 | 2021-03-12 | 诺华股份有限公司 | Treatment of cancer using CD33 chimeric antigen receptor |
EP3511413B1 (en) | 2014-07-25 | 2022-09-07 | Theravectys | Lentiviral vectors for regulated expression of a chimeric antigen receptor molecule |
WO2016020799A1 (en) | 2014-08-06 | 2016-02-11 | Rinat Neuroscience Corp. | Methods for reducing ldl-cholesterol |
CA2956991A1 (en) | 2014-08-06 | 2016-02-11 | Rinat Neuroscience Corp. | Methods for reducing ldl-cholesterol |
JP6919118B2 (en) | 2014-08-14 | 2021-08-18 | ノバルティス アーゲー | Treatment of cancer with GFRα-4 chimeric antigen receptor |
MY189028A (en) | 2014-08-19 | 2022-01-20 | Novartis Ag | Anti-cd123 chimeric antigen receptor (car) for use in cancer treatment |
GB2558326B (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2021-01-20 | Population Bio Inc | Methods and compositions for inhibiting and treating neurological conditions |
US11219670B2 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2022-01-11 | The Johns Hopkins University | Targeting CAPN9/CAPNS2 activity as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of myofibroblast differentiation and associated pathologies |
WO2016040369A2 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2016-03-17 | Academia Sinica | HUMAN iNKT CELL ACTIVATION USING GLYCOLIPIDS |
EP3191520B1 (en) | 2014-09-12 | 2020-01-01 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-cll-1 antibodies and immunoconjugates |
SG10201809668TA (en) | 2014-09-12 | 2018-11-29 | Genentech Inc | Anti-her2 antibodies and immunoconjugates |
TW201625689A (en) | 2014-09-12 | 2016-07-16 | 建南德克公司 | Anti-B7-H4 antibodies and immunoconjugates |
EP3925622A1 (en) | 2014-09-13 | 2021-12-22 | Novartis AG | Combination therapies |
EP3193932B1 (en) | 2014-09-15 | 2023-04-26 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Antibody formulations |
CA2961323C (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2021-11-30 | Symphogen A/S | Anti-met antibodies and compositions |
CN107124870A (en) | 2014-09-17 | 2017-09-01 | 基因泰克公司 | Immunoconjugates comprising Anti-HER 2 and Pyrrolobenzodiazepines * |
WO2016044697A1 (en) | 2014-09-19 | 2016-03-24 | The Johns Hopkins University | Biomarkers of cognitive dysfunction |
EP3689910A3 (en) | 2014-09-23 | 2020-12-02 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Method of using anti-cd79b immunoconjugates |
EP3197492A1 (en) | 2014-09-23 | 2017-08-02 | Pfizer Inc | Treatment with anti-pcsk9 antibodies |
WO2016046768A1 (en) | 2014-09-24 | 2016-03-31 | Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Research | Lats and breast cancer |
CN107108741B (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2021-07-16 | 德国公共权益癌症研究中心基金会 | Binding molecules, in particular antibodies, that bind to L1CAM (CD171) |
NZ730247A (en) | 2014-10-01 | 2022-11-25 | Medimmune Ltd | Antibodies to ticagrelor and methods of use |
CA2963281A1 (en) | 2014-10-03 | 2016-04-07 | Novartis Ag | Combination therapies |
EP4245376A3 (en) | 2014-10-14 | 2023-12-13 | Novartis AG | Antibody molecules to pd-l1 and uses thereof |
EP3207057A2 (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2017-08-23 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Anti-alpha-synuclein antibodies and methods of use |
US11124822B2 (en) | 2014-10-17 | 2021-09-21 | Carnegie Mellon University | Enhanced biomolecule detection assays based on tyramide signal amplification and gammaPNA probes |
MA41685A (en) | 2014-10-17 | 2017-08-22 | Biogen Ma Inc | COPPER SUPPLEMENT FOR THE REGULATION OF GLYCOSYLATION IN A MAMMAL CELL CULTURE PROCESS |
US10920208B2 (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2021-02-16 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Evolution of proteases |
WO2016061632A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 | 2016-04-28 | La Trobe University | Fn14-binding proteins and uses thereof |
KR20240024362A (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2024-02-23 | 브리스톨-마이어스 스큅 컴퍼니 | Modified fgf-21 polypeptides and uses thereof |
MA40864A (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2017-09-05 | Biogen Ma Inc | HYPOTAURINE, GABA, BETA-ALANINE AND CHOLINE FOR THE REGULATION OF THE ACCUMULATION OF RESIDUAL BY-PRODUCTS IN MAMMAL CELL CULTURE PROCESSES |
WO2016070001A1 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-06 | Jounce Therapeutics, Inc. | Methods of treating conditions with antibodies that bind b7-h4 |
JP6827415B2 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2021-02-10 | メレオ バイオファーマ 5 インコーポレイテッド | Combination therapy for the treatment of the disease |
WO2016073380A1 (en) | 2014-11-03 | 2016-05-12 | Genentech, Inc. | Method and biomarkers for predicting efficacy and evaluation of an ox40 agonist treatment |
BR112017009151A2 (en) | 2014-11-03 | 2018-03-06 | Genentech, Inc. | Assays for Detecting Immune T-Cell Subgroups and Methods of Using Them |
KR20170075793A (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2017-07-03 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Methods of producing two chain proteins in bacteria |
KR102544705B1 (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2023-06-15 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Methods of producing two chain proteins in bacteria |
CA2961439A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2016-05-12 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-fgfr2/3 antibodies and methods using same |
BR112017009297B1 (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2024-02-15 | Annexon, Inc | HUMANIZED C1Q COMPLEMENT ANTIFATOR ANTIBODIES, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND KIT COMPRISING THE SAME, THERAPEUTIC USE THEREOF, ISOLATED POLYNUCLEOTIDE, ISOLATED HOST CELL, AS WELL AS IN VITRO METHODS FOR DETECTING SYNAPSES |
WO2016071376A2 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2016-05-12 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Fc-region variants with modified fcrn-binding and methods of use |
WO2016073282A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2016-05-12 | Genentech, Inc. | Combination therapy comprising ox40 binding agonists and tigit inhibitors |
WO2016073157A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2016-05-12 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-ang2 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
BR112017006591A2 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2018-01-16 | Hoffmann La Roche | heterodimeric polypeptide, pharmaceutical formulation and use of a heterodimeric polypeptide |
SG11201703574VA (en) | 2014-11-07 | 2017-05-30 | Eleven Biotherapeutics Inc | Improved il-6 antibodies |
WO2016073894A1 (en) | 2014-11-07 | 2016-05-12 | Eleven Biotherapeutics, Inc. | Therapeutic agents with increased ocular retention |
RS62003B1 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2021-07-30 | Medimmune Ltd | Binding molecules specific for cd73 and uses thereof |
EA201791029A1 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2017-12-29 | Дженентек, Инк. | ANTIBODIES AGAINST INTERLEUKIN-33 AND THEIR APPLICATION |
WO2016077369A1 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2016-05-19 | Genentech, Inc. | Animal model for nephropathy and agents for treating the same |
EP3789403A1 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2021-03-10 | MedImmune Limited | Therapeutic combinations comprising anti-cd73 antibodies and a2a receptor inhibitor and uses thereof |
JP6951973B2 (en) | 2014-11-12 | 2021-10-20 | シージェン インコーポレイテッド | Glycan interacting compounds and how to use |
US9879087B2 (en) | 2014-11-12 | 2018-01-30 | Siamab Therapeutics, Inc. | Glycan-interacting compounds and methods of use |
EP3875481A1 (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2021-09-08 | The U.S.A. as represented by the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services | Neutralizing antibodies to ebola virus glycoprotein and their use |
US10434177B2 (en) | 2014-11-17 | 2019-10-08 | Carnegie Mellon University | Activatable two-component photosensitizers |
US20160166685A1 (en) | 2014-11-17 | 2016-06-16 | Genentech, Inc. | Combination therapy comprising ox40 binding agonists and pd-1 axis binding antagonists |
EP3221362B1 (en) | 2014-11-19 | 2019-07-24 | F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Anti-transferrin receptor antibodies and methods of use |
CN107250158B (en) | 2014-11-19 | 2022-03-25 | 基因泰克公司 | Anti-transferrin receptor/anti-BACE 1 multispecific antibodies and methods of use |
US10882920B2 (en) | 2014-11-19 | 2021-01-05 | Genentech, Inc. | Antibodies against BACE1 and use thereof for neural disease immunotherapy |
ES2835823T3 (en) | 2014-11-20 | 2021-06-23 | Hoffmann La Roche | Combination of T-cell activating bispecific antigen-binding molecules for CD3 and folate receptor 1 (FolR1) and PD-1 axis-binding antagonists |
EP3220900B1 (en) | 2014-11-21 | 2020-09-23 | University of Maryland, Baltimore | Targeted structure-specific particulate delivery systems |
MA41119A (en) | 2014-12-03 | 2017-10-10 | Acceleron Pharma Inc | METHODS OF TREATMENT OF MYELODYSPLASIC SYNDROMES AND SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA |
JP2017537929A (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2017-12-21 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | Methods and compositions for cancer treatment using PD-1 axis antagonists and HPK1 antagonists |
EP3227336B1 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2019-07-03 | F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Anti-cd79b antibodies and methods of use |
EP3229837A4 (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2018-05-30 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Methods for upregulating immune responses using combinations of anti-rgmb and anti-pd-1 agents |
WO2016094566A2 (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2016-06-16 | Genentech, Inc. | Blood brain barrier receptor antibodies and methods of use |
WO2016094881A2 (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2016-06-16 | Abbvie Inc. | Lrp-8 binding proteins |
CN114230664A (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2022-03-25 | 皮埃尔法布雷医药公司 | anti-C10 ORF54 antibodies and uses thereof |
LT3233921T (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2021-12-10 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Anti-c5 antibodies and methods of use |
EP3233918A1 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2017-10-25 | Novartis AG | Combination therapies |
EP3789039A1 (en) | 2014-12-22 | 2021-03-10 | The Rockefeller University | Anti-mertk agonistic antibodies and uses thereof |
EP3237906B8 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2020-10-28 | Bluelight Therapeutics, Inc. | Attachment of proteins to interfaces for use in nonlinear optical detection |
US20160200815A1 (en) | 2015-01-05 | 2016-07-14 | Jounce Therapeutics, Inc. | Antibodies that inhibit tim-3:lilrb2 interactions and uses thereof |
US10435467B2 (en) | 2015-01-08 | 2019-10-08 | Biogen Ma Inc. | LINGO-1 antagonists and uses for treatment of demyelinating disorders |
US10538596B2 (en) | 2015-01-09 | 2020-01-21 | Adalta Limited | CXCR4 binding molecules and methods of use thereof |
US10495645B2 (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2019-12-03 | Academia Sinica | Cancer markers and methods of use thereof |
US9975965B2 (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2018-05-22 | Academia Sinica | Compositions and methods for treatment and detection of cancers |
EP3247723A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2017-11-29 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | A combination of two or more anti-c5 antibodies and methods of use |
JP6779887B2 (en) | 2015-01-24 | 2020-11-04 | アカデミア シニカAcademia Sinica | New glycan conjugate and how to use it |
TWI710571B (en) | 2015-01-24 | 2020-11-21 | 中央研究院 | Cancer markers and methods of use thereof |
JP6912386B2 (en) | 2015-01-26 | 2021-08-04 | ザ ユニバーシティー オブ シカゴ | CAR T cells that recognize cancer-specific IL13Rα2 |
EP3250609A4 (en) | 2015-01-26 | 2018-07-11 | The University of Chicago | Il13ra alpha 2 binding agents and use thereof in cancer treatment |
CN114702581A (en) | 2015-01-30 | 2022-07-05 | 台湾地区“中央研究院” | Universal carbohydrate compositions and methods for enhancing antibody efficacy |
JP2018507254A (en) | 2015-02-02 | 2018-03-15 | アイツー ファーマシューティカルズ, インコーポレーテッド | Anti-alternative light chain antibody |
CN115181778A (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2022-10-14 | 百时美施贵宝公司 | Method for selecting therapeutic molecules |
MX2017010066A (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2017-11-01 | Hoffmann La Roche | Tau antisense oligomers and uses thereof. |
JP2018512597A (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2018-05-17 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | Mutant smoothened and method of using the same |
KR102605798B1 (en) | 2015-02-05 | 2023-11-23 | 추가이 세이야쿠 가부시키가이샤 | Antibodies comprising an ion concentration dependent antigen-binding domain, fc region variants, il-8-binding antibodies, and uses therof |
EP3265491A1 (en) | 2015-03-03 | 2018-01-10 | Xoma (Us) Llc | Treatment of post-prandial hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia after bariatric surgery |
DE112016001013T5 (en) | 2015-03-03 | 2017-12-21 | Kymab Limited | ANTIBODIES, USES AND METHODS |
EP3268025B1 (en) | 2015-03-10 | 2020-05-06 | University of Massachusetts | Targeting gdf6 and bmp signaling for anti-melanoma therapy |
MX2017011486A (en) | 2015-03-16 | 2018-06-15 | Genentech Inc | Methods of detecting and quantifying il-13 and uses in diagnosing and treating th2-associated diseases. |
WO2016146833A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 | 2016-09-22 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Biomarkers for nad(+)-diphthamide adp ribosyltransferase resistance |
US10174292B2 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2019-01-08 | International Aids Vaccine Initiative | Soluble HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers |
PL3271389T3 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2020-08-10 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Neutralizing antibodies to gp120 and their use |
US10023635B2 (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2018-07-17 | Jounce Therapeutics, Inc. | Antibodies to ICOS |
EP3072901A1 (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2016-09-28 | International Aids Vaccine Initiative | Soluble hiv-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers |
EP3273974A4 (en) | 2015-03-26 | 2018-11-07 | Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island Inc. | Therapy for malignant disease |
ES2904573T3 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2022-04-05 | Univ Southern California | LHR-directed T cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumors |
US20180208658A1 (en) | 2015-04-03 | 2018-07-26 | Eureka Therapeutics, Inc. | Constructs targeting afp peptide/mhc complexes and uses thereof |
US10167334B2 (en) | 2015-04-03 | 2019-01-01 | Xoma Technology Ltd. | Treatment of cancer using anti-TGF-BETA and PD-1 antibodies |
MA41919A (en) | 2015-04-06 | 2018-02-13 | Acceleron Pharma Inc | ALK4 HETEROMULTIMERS: ACTRIIB AND THEIR USES |
BR112017021536A2 (en) | 2015-04-06 | 2018-07-03 | Harvard College | compositions and methods for nonmyeloablative conditioning |
BR112017021510A2 (en) | 2015-04-06 | 2018-07-03 | Acceleron Pharma Inc | tgf-beta superfamily type I and type II receptor heteromultimers and their use |
CN107709364A (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2018-02-16 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | Antigen binding complex and application method with agonist activity |
PT3280441T (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2021-11-30 | Alector Llc | Anti-sortilin antibodies and methods of use thereof |
IL290488B1 (en) | 2015-04-13 | 2024-03-01 | Pfizer | Therapeutic antibodies and their uses |
CN114149511A (en) | 2015-04-13 | 2022-03-08 | 辉瑞公司 | Chimeric antigen receptors targeting B cell maturation antigens |
WO2016168631A1 (en) | 2015-04-17 | 2016-10-20 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Vector-based mutagenesis system |
DK3283508T3 (en) | 2015-04-17 | 2021-05-31 | Alpine Immune Sciences Inc | Immunomodulatory Proteins with Tunable Affinities |
WO2016170022A1 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2016-10-27 | Institut Gustave Roussy | Therapeutic methods, products and compositions inhibiting znf555 |
GB201506870D0 (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2015-06-03 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Method |
GB201506869D0 (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2015-06-03 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Method |
SI3286315T1 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2021-09-30 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Methods of identifying bacteria comprising binding polypeptides |
US10814012B2 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2020-10-27 | University Of South Australia | Compositions and methods for administering antibodies |
EP3288981A1 (en) | 2015-05-01 | 2018-03-07 | Genentech, Inc. | Masked anti-cd3 antibodies and methods of use |
WO2016179194A1 (en) | 2015-05-04 | 2016-11-10 | Jounce Therapeutics, Inc. | Lilra3 and method of using the same |
WO2016179518A2 (en) | 2015-05-06 | 2016-11-10 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Prostate specific membrane antigen (psma) bispecific binding agents and uses thereof |
MA42043A (en) | 2015-05-07 | 2018-03-14 | Agenus Inc | ANTI-OX40 ANTIBODIES AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF |
US20180104331A1 (en) | 2015-05-11 | 2018-04-19 | The Johns Hopkins University | Autoimmune antibodies for use in inhibiting cancer cell growth |
CN116196414A (en) | 2015-05-11 | 2023-06-02 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | Compositions and methods for treating lupus nephritis |
HRP20201900T4 (en) | 2015-05-12 | 2024-06-07 | F. Hoffmann - La Roche Ag | Therapeutic and diagnostic methods for cancer |
WO2016191397A1 (en) | 2015-05-22 | 2016-12-01 | Td2 Inc. | Benzamide and active compound compositions and methods of use |
EA039951B1 (en) | 2015-05-27 | 2022-03-31 | Юсб Биофарма Спрл | Inhibitor of csf-1r activity for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of epilepsy or parkinson's disease and pharmaceutical composition thereof |
AR105618A1 (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2017-10-25 | Genentech Inc | METHODATION OF THE PROMOTER OF THE BINDING TO THE PROGRAMMED DEATH RECEIVER (PD-L1) IN CANCER |
JP2018520658A (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2018-08-02 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | Humanized anti-Ebola virus glycoprotein antibodies and uses thereof |
DK3303395T3 (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2020-01-27 | Abbvie Inc | ANTI-CD40 ANTIBODIES AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF |
IL294138A (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2022-08-01 | Genentech Inc | Therapeutic and diagnostic methods for cancer |
US10144779B2 (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2018-12-04 | Agenus Inc. | Anti-CTLA-4 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
JP2018516933A (en) | 2015-06-02 | 2018-06-28 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | Compositions and methods for treating neurological disorders using anti-IL-34 antibodies |
ES2784603T3 (en) | 2015-06-02 | 2020-09-29 | Novo Nordisk As | Insulins with recombinant polar extensions |
WO2016196975A1 (en) | 2015-06-03 | 2016-12-08 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Department Of Health & Human Services | Neutralizing antibodies to hiv-1 env and their use |
CN107847601A (en) | 2015-06-04 | 2018-03-27 | 南加利福尼亚大学 | The CAR cellular immunotherapies that LYM 1 and LYM 2 is targetted |
JP6793134B2 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2020-12-02 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | Anti-TAU antibody and how to use |
AU2016274585A1 (en) | 2015-06-08 | 2017-12-14 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods of treating cancer using anti-OX40 antibodies |
EP3303397A1 (en) | 2015-06-08 | 2018-04-11 | H. Hoffnabb-La Roche Ag | Methods of treating cancer using anti-ox40 antibodies and pd-1 axis binding antagonists |
US11136390B2 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2021-10-05 | Alector Llc | Anti-CD33 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
WO2016201389A2 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2016-12-15 | Alector Llc | Anti-cd33 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
TW201710286A (en) | 2015-06-15 | 2017-03-16 | 艾伯維有限公司 | Binding proteins against VEGF, PDGF, and/or their receptors |
EP3307780A1 (en) | 2015-06-15 | 2018-04-18 | Genentech, Inc. | Antibodies and immunoconjugates |
TW201718647A (en) | 2015-06-16 | 2017-06-01 | 建南德克公司 | Anti-CLL-1 antibodies and methods of use |
EP3916018A1 (en) | 2015-06-16 | 2021-12-01 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-cd3 antibodies and methods of use |
AR105026A1 (en) | 2015-06-16 | 2017-08-30 | Genentech Inc | ANTIBODIES MATURED BY AFFINITY AND HUMANIZED FOR FcRH5 AND METHODS FOR USE |
AU2016280159A1 (en) | 2015-06-17 | 2017-12-07 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-HER2 antibodies and methods of use |
KR20180018538A (en) | 2015-06-17 | 2018-02-21 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Methods for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer using PD-1 axis-binding antagonists and taxanes |
GB201510758D0 (en) | 2015-06-18 | 2015-08-05 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Novel TNFa structure for use in therapy |
WO2016205681A1 (en) | 2015-06-19 | 2016-12-22 | University Of Rochester | Septin proteins as novel biomarkers for detection and treatment of müllerian cancers |
BR112017027870A2 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2018-08-28 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | antibodies and anti-sight fragments |
JP2018520153A (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2018-07-26 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | Type II anti-CD20 antibody for use in organ transplantation |
WO2017004026A1 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2017-01-05 | Immunogen, Inc. | Anti-cd 123 antibodies and conjugates and derivatives thereof |
GB201601075D0 (en) | 2016-01-20 | 2016-03-02 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Antibodies molecules |
GB201601077D0 (en) | 2016-01-20 | 2016-03-02 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Antibody molecule |
GB201601073D0 (en) | 2016-01-20 | 2016-03-02 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Antibodies |
US10877045B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 | 2020-12-29 | Saint Louis University | Compositions and methods for diagnosing and treating endometriosis-related infertility |
US10392674B2 (en) | 2015-07-22 | 2019-08-27 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Evolution of site-specific recombinases |
US11524983B2 (en) | 2015-07-23 | 2022-12-13 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Evolution of Bt toxins |
US20180207273A1 (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2018-07-26 | Novartis Ag | Combination therapies comprising antibody molecules to tim-3 |
EP3328418A1 (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2018-06-06 | Novartis AG | Combination therapies comprising antibody molecules to pd-1 |
LT3317301T (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2021-07-26 | Novartis Ag | Combination therapies comprising antibody molecules to lag-3 |
WO2017019895A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2017-02-02 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Evolution of talens |
CA2994413A1 (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2017-02-09 | Acceleron Pharma, Inc. | Methods for treating myeloproliferative disorders |
TWI797060B (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2023-04-01 | 美商再生元醫藥公司 | Taurine supplemented cell culture medium and methods of use |
AU2016304588A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 | 2018-02-15 | Xoma (Us) Llc | Antibody fragments against the insulin receptor and uses thereof to treat hypoglycemia |
CN105384825B (en) | 2015-08-11 | 2018-06-01 | 南京传奇生物科技有限公司 | A kind of bispecific chimeric antigen receptor and its application based on single domain antibody |
WO2017040342A1 (en) | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-09 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-hypusine antibodies and uses thereof |
US10323091B2 (en) | 2015-09-01 | 2019-06-18 | Agenus Inc. | Anti-PD-1 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
JP2018532990A (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2018-11-08 | オービーアイ ファーマ,インコーポレイテッド | Glycan arrays and methods of use |
EP3922645A1 (en) | 2015-09-15 | 2021-12-15 | Scholar Rock, Inc. | Anti-pro/latent-myostatin antibodies and uses thereof |
WO2017049149A1 (en) | 2015-09-17 | 2017-03-23 | Immunogen, Inc. | Therapeutic combinations comprising anti-folr1 immunoconjugates |
TWI751300B (en) | 2015-09-18 | 2022-01-01 | 日商中外製藥股份有限公司 | Il-8-binding antibodies and uses thereof |
WO2017053889A2 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2017-03-30 | Precision Immunotherapy, Inc. | Flt3 directed car cells for immunotherapy |
EP3353204B1 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2023-10-18 | Mereo BioPharma 5, Inc. | Bi-specific anti-vegf/dll4 antibody for use in treating platinum-resistant ovarian cancer |
SG10201911226QA (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2020-01-30 | Genentech Inc | Optimized variants of anti-vegf antibodies |
AU2016326738B2 (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2023-08-31 | Abvitro Llc | HIV antibody compositions and methods of use |
JP6764474B2 (en) | 2015-09-25 | 2020-09-30 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | Anti-TIGIT antibody and usage |
EA201890790A1 (en) | 2015-09-29 | 2018-10-31 | Селджин Корпорейшн | CONNECTING PD-1 PROTEINS AND METHODS OF THEIR APPLICATION |
JP2018529719A (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2018-10-11 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングMerck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung | Combination of PD-1 system binding antagonist and ALK inhibitor for treating ALK negative cancer |
MA43348A (en) | 2015-10-01 | 2018-08-08 | Novo Nordisk As | PROTEIN CONJUGATES |
EP3356404B1 (en) | 2015-10-02 | 2021-08-18 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Anti-pd1 antibodies and methods of use |
MA43345A (en) | 2015-10-02 | 2018-08-08 | Hoffmann La Roche | PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATES AND METHODS OF USE |
WO2017064716A1 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-20 | Rappaport Family Institute For Research | Heparanase-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies |
WO2017066561A2 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2017-04-20 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Regulatory t cell pd-1 modulation for regulating t cell effector immune responses |
MA43354A (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2018-08-22 | Genentech Inc | CONJUGATE DRUG CONJUGATES WITH CLOUDY DISULPHIDE |
MA45326A (en) | 2015-10-20 | 2018-08-29 | Genentech Inc | CALICHEAMICIN-ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATES AND METHODS OF USE |
CA2998208A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2017-04-27 | Jounce Therapeutics, Inc. | Gene signatures for determining icos expression |
SG10201913245UA (en) | 2015-10-23 | 2020-02-27 | Eureka Therapeutics Inc | Antibody/t-cell receptor chimeric constructs and uses thereof |
MX2018005031A (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2018-06-13 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Methods of treatment using anti-il-17a/f antibodies. |
WO2017072669A1 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2017-05-04 | Friedrich Miescher Institute For Biomedical Research | Tenascin-w and biliary tract cancers |
EP3184547A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2017-06-28 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Anti-tpbg antibodies and methods of use |
AU2016343978A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2018-05-17 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Methods for identification, assessment, prevention, and treatment of metabolic disorders using PM20D1 and N-lipidated amino acids |
EP3368578B1 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2021-03-17 | H. Hoffnabb-La Roche Ag | Anti-htra1 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
CN108289951A (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2018-07-17 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | Anti- factor D antibody and conjugate |
GB201519303D0 (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2015-12-16 | Imp Innovations Ltd | Phagemid vector |
EP3371211A4 (en) | 2015-11-04 | 2019-08-21 | Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai | Methods of treating tumors and cancer, and identifying candidate subjects for such treatment |
EP3371217A1 (en) | 2015-11-08 | 2018-09-12 | H. Hoffnabb-La Roche Ag | Methods of screening for multispecific antibodies |
HUE050312T2 (en) | 2015-11-10 | 2020-11-30 | Medimmune Llc | Binding molecules specific for asct2 and uses thereof |
WO2017083515A2 (en) | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-18 | Visterra, Inc. | Antibody molecule-drug conjugates and uses thereof |
WO2017083582A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-18 | Siamab Therapeutics, Inc. | Glycan-interacting compounds and methods of use |
CN108697793B (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2023-08-01 | 阿塞勒隆制药公司 | Methods of treating eye diseases |
MY197345A (en) | 2015-11-25 | 2023-06-14 | Visterra Inc | Antibody molecules to april and uses thereof |
CN108925136B (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2022-02-01 | 斯特赛恩斯公司 | Antibodies specific for glycosylated BTLA (B and T lymphocyte attenuating factor) |
CN109415437B (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2022-02-01 | 斯特库伯株式会社 | Antibodies and molecules that immunospecifically bind to BTN1A1 and therapeutic uses thereof |
GB201521383D0 (en) | 2015-12-03 | 2016-01-20 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl And Ucb Celltech | Method |
GB201521393D0 (en) | 2015-12-03 | 2016-01-20 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Antibodies |
GB201521382D0 (en) | 2015-12-03 | 2016-01-20 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Antibodies |
GB201521389D0 (en) | 2015-12-03 | 2016-01-20 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Method |
GB201521391D0 (en) | 2015-12-03 | 2016-01-20 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Antibodies |
EP3178848A1 (en) | 2015-12-09 | 2017-06-14 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Type ii anti-cd20 antibody for reducing formation of anti-drug antibodies |
PL3387015T3 (en) | 2015-12-09 | 2022-02-14 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Type ii anti-cd20 antibody for reducing formation of anti-drug antibodies |
WO2017097889A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-15 | Katholieke Universiteit Leuven | Anti adamts13 antibodies and their use for treatment or prevention of haemorrhagic disorders due to ventricular assist device |
US20200261573A1 (en) | 2015-12-17 | 2020-08-20 | Novartis Ag | Combination of c-met inhibitor with antibody molecule to pd-1 and uses thereof |
MX2018007423A (en) | 2015-12-17 | 2018-11-09 | Novartis Ag | Antibody molecules to pd-1 and uses thereof. |
TWI747936B (en) | 2015-12-18 | 2021-12-01 | 日商中外製藥股份有限公司 | Anti-c5 antibodies and methods of use |
US10898483B2 (en) | 2015-12-23 | 2021-01-26 | Moonshot Pharma Llc | Methods for inducing an immune response by promoting premature termination codon read-through |
AU2016381694A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2018-07-05 | Genentech, Inc. | Use of tryptophan derivatives for protein formulations |
KR20180098625A (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2018-09-04 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Formulation with reduced degradation of polysorbate |
EP3401336A4 (en) | 2016-01-05 | 2020-01-22 | Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd. | Pcsk9 antibody, antigen-binding fragment thereof, and medical uses thereof |
CA3006529A1 (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2017-07-13 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Methods of treating cea-positive cancers using pd-1 axis binding antagonists and anti-cea/anti-cd3 bispecific antibodies |
TWI753875B (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2022-02-01 | 美商美國全心醫藥生技股份有限公司 | Tetravalent anti-psgl-1 antibodies and uses thereof |
WO2017120523A2 (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2017-07-13 | Scholar Rock, Inc. | Anti-pro/latent myostatin antibodies and methods of use thereof |
CN108602883A (en) | 2016-01-20 | 2018-09-28 | 基因泰克公司 | High-dose therapy for Alzheimer's disease |
ES2942362T3 (en) | 2016-01-21 | 2023-05-31 | Pfizer | Chimeric receptors for antigen targeting epidermal growth factor receptor variant III |
EP3405490B1 (en) | 2016-01-21 | 2021-10-20 | Pfizer Inc. | Mono and bispecific antibodies for epidermal growth factor receptor variant iii and cd3 and their uses |
AU2017213826A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2018-08-23 | Curis, Inc. | Mutant smoothened and methods of using the same |
GB201602413D0 (en) | 2016-02-10 | 2016-03-23 | Nascient Ltd | Method |
BR112018016461A2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2019-10-01 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | antibodies and anti-sight fragments, their uses and their identification methods |
US11725247B2 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2023-08-15 | Foundation Medicine, Inc. | Methods of treating cancer |
KR20180119632A (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2018-11-02 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Treatment and Diagnosis Methods for Cancer |
WO2017156192A1 (en) | 2016-03-08 | 2017-09-14 | Academia Sinica | Methods for modular synthesis of n-glycans and arrays thereof |
AU2017230091B2 (en) | 2016-03-10 | 2022-04-07 | Acceleron Pharma Inc. | Activin type 2 receptor binding proteins and uses thereof |
EP3426298A4 (en) | 2016-03-10 | 2019-11-27 | Viela Bio, Inc. | Ilt7 binding molecules and methods of using the same |
CA3055555A1 (en) | 2016-03-11 | 2017-09-14 | Scholar Rock, Inc. | Tgf.beta.1-binding immunoglobulins and use thereof |
WO2017160599A1 (en) | 2016-03-14 | 2017-09-21 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Use of cd300b antagonists to treat sepsis and septic shock |
EP4112641A1 (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2023-01-04 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Methods of treating cancers using pd-1 axis binding antagonists and anti-gpc3 antibodies |
WO2017158436A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 | 2017-09-21 | Oslo Universitetssykehus Hf | Fusion proteins targeting tumour associated macrophages for treating cancer |
JP7082604B2 (en) | 2016-03-21 | 2022-06-08 | マレンゴ・セラピューティクス,インコーポレーテッド | Multispecific and multifunctional molecules and their use |
JP2019509322A (en) | 2016-03-22 | 2019-04-04 | バイオノミクス リミテッド | Administration of anti-LGR5 monoclonal antibody |
WO2017165736A1 (en) | 2016-03-25 | 2017-09-28 | Visterra, Inc. | Formulation of antibody molecules to dengue virus |
JP6943872B2 (en) | 2016-03-25 | 2021-10-06 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | Multiple whole antibody and antibody complex drug quantification assay |
CN109311995A (en) | 2016-03-29 | 2019-02-05 | 台湾浩鼎生技股份有限公司 | Antibody, pharmaceutical composition and method |
US10980894B2 (en) | 2016-03-29 | 2021-04-20 | Obi Pharma, Inc. | Antibodies, pharmaceutical compositions and methods |
US10765724B2 (en) | 2016-03-29 | 2020-09-08 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Method of treating psoriasis with increased interval dosing of anti-IL12/23 antibody |
WO2017175058A1 (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2017-10-12 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | Anti-vista antibodies and fragments, uses thereof, and methods of identifying same |
CN109414489B (en) | 2016-04-08 | 2022-08-16 | 埃缇健康公司D/B/A泽尔拜尔 | Netin-1 binding antibodies and uses thereof |
US20170319688A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2017-11-09 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-rspo3 antibodies and methods of use |
AU2017250296A1 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2018-11-01 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods for monitoring and treating cancer |
AU2017248766A1 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2018-11-01 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods for monitoring and treating cancer |
US20170298119A1 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-19 | Visterra, Inc. | Antibody molecules to zika virus and uses thereof |
BR112018071683A2 (en) | 2016-04-22 | 2019-02-19 | Obi Pharma, Inc. | method for treating breast cancer, method for treating a tumor in a patient, method for treating an individual suffering from cancer by immunotherapy, method for inducing / improving an immune response in an individual, method for improving obi-822 induced vaccine by immune response in an individual in need thereof, method for identifying a patient suitable for cancer therapy, and method for determining a patient's cancer treatment prognosis or drug response |
WO2017189730A1 (en) | 2016-04-26 | 2017-11-02 | Icahn School Of Medicine At Mount Sinai | Treatment of hippo pathway mutant tumors and methods of identifying subjects as candidates for treatment |
UA123323C2 (en) | 2016-05-02 | 2021-03-17 | Ф. Хоффманн-Ля Рош Аг | The contorsbody - a single chain target binder |
CN109071640B (en) | 2016-05-11 | 2022-10-18 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | Modified anti-tenascin antibodies and methods of use |
JP7084878B2 (en) | 2016-05-16 | 2022-06-15 | 武田薬品工業株式会社 | Anti-factor IX Padua antibody |
JP2019522633A (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2019-08-15 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | PROTAC antibody conjugates and methods of use |
CN109415441B (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2023-04-07 | 英斯梅德股份有限公司 | Antibodies and methods of making same |
US20170370906A1 (en) | 2016-05-27 | 2017-12-28 | Genentech, Inc. | Bioanalytical analysis of site-specific antibody drug conjugates |
SG10201912563XA (en) | 2016-05-27 | 2020-02-27 | Agenus Inc | Anti-tim-3 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
EP3252078A1 (en) | 2016-06-02 | 2017-12-06 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Type ii anti-cd20 antibody and anti-cd20/cd3 bispecific antibody for treatment of cancer |
BR112019022558A2 (en) | 2016-06-02 | 2020-05-19 | Hoffmann La Roche | antibodies, methods to treat or slow the progression of a proliferative disease and to treat or slow the progression of cancer in an individual, pharmaceutical compositions, kit, uses of a combination of an anti-cd20 antibody and an antibody and invention |
AU2017274442B2 (en) | 2016-06-02 | 2021-08-19 | Abbvie Inc. | Glucocorticoid receptor agonist and immunoconjugates thereof |
EP3464280B1 (en) | 2016-06-06 | 2021-10-06 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Silvestrol antibody-drug conjugates and methods of use |
IL262996B2 (en) | 2016-06-06 | 2024-03-01 | Hoffmann La Roche | Fusion proteins for ophthalmology with increased eye retention |
WO2017223405A1 (en) | 2016-06-24 | 2017-12-28 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-polyubiquitin multispecific antibodies |
MA45455A (en) | 2016-06-27 | 2019-05-01 | Juno Therapeutics Inc | PROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING PEPTIDIC EPITOPES, MOLECULES THAT BIND TO SUCH EPITOPES AND ASSOCIATED USES |
MA45491A (en) | 2016-06-27 | 2019-05-01 | Juno Therapeutics Inc | CMH-E RESTRICTED EPITOPES, BINDING MOLECULES AND RELATED METHODS AND USES |
CN109415435B (en) | 2016-07-04 | 2024-01-16 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | Novel antibody forms |
AU2017292646A1 (en) | 2016-07-05 | 2019-02-07 | Blade Therapeutics, Inc. | Calpain modulators and therapeutic uses thereof |
JP2019525772A (en) | 2016-07-08 | 2019-09-12 | スターテン・バイオテクノロジー・ベー・フェー | Anti-APOC3 antibody and method of use thereof |
AU2017297404A1 (en) | 2016-07-13 | 2019-01-24 | Biogen Ma Inc. | Dosage regimens of LINGO-1 antagonists and uses for treatment of demyelinating disorders |
US20190177421A1 (en) | 2016-07-15 | 2019-06-13 | Poseida Therapeutics, Inc. | Chimeric antigen receptors and methods for use |
WO2018013936A1 (en) | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-18 | Acceleron Pharma Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating pulmonary hypertension |
US20190336504A1 (en) | 2016-07-15 | 2019-11-07 | Novartis Ag | Treatment and prevention of cytokine release syndrome using a chimeric antigen receptor in combination with a kinase inhibitor |
WO2018014039A1 (en) | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-18 | Poseida Therapeutics, Inc. | Chimeric antigen receptors (cars) specific for muc1 and methods for their use |
WO2018014260A1 (en) | 2016-07-20 | 2018-01-25 | Nanjing Legend Biotech Co., Ltd. | Multispecific antigen binding proteins and methods of use thereof |
MA45715A (en) | 2016-07-25 | 2019-05-29 | Biogen Ma Inc | ANTI-HSPA5 ANTIBODIES (GRP78) AND THEIR USES |
BR112019001615A2 (en) | 2016-07-27 | 2019-04-30 | Acceleron Pharma Inc. | methods and compositions for treating myelofibrosis |
AU2017302038B2 (en) | 2016-07-27 | 2024-03-21 | Obi Pharma, Inc. | Immunogenic/therapeutic glycan compositions and uses thereof |
WO2018023121A1 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2018-02-01 | Obi Pharma, Inc. | Human antibodies, pharmaceutical compositions and methods |
MX2018015721A (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2019-05-27 | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | Bispecific antibody exhibiting increased alternative fviii-cofactor-function activity. |
JP7148493B2 (en) | 2016-08-01 | 2022-10-05 | ゾーマ (ユーエス) リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | Parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTH1R) antibodies and uses thereof |
BR112019001989A2 (en) | 2016-08-02 | 2019-08-20 | Visterra Inc | engineered polypeptides and uses thereof |
US11649285B2 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2023-05-16 | Bio-Techne Corporation | Identification of VSIG3/VISTA as a novel immune checkpoint and use thereof for immunotherapy |
CN109963871A (en) | 2016-08-05 | 2019-07-02 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | Multivalence and multi-epitope Antibody and application method with agonist activity |
AU2017306709A1 (en) | 2016-08-05 | 2019-03-14 | Humabs, BioMed SA | Anti-o2 antibodies and uses thereof |
JP6527643B2 (en) | 2016-08-05 | 2019-06-05 | 中外製薬株式会社 | Composition for treating or preventing IL-8 related diseases |
EP3497129A1 (en) | 2016-08-08 | 2019-06-19 | H. Hoffnabb-La Roche Ag | Therapeutic and diagnostic methods for cancer |
EP3496763A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 | 2019-06-19 | Genentech, Inc. | Pyrrolobenzodiazepine prodrugs and antibody conjugates thereof |
JP7213549B2 (en) | 2016-08-22 | 2023-01-27 | シーエイチオー ファーマ インコーポレイテッド | Antibodies, Binding Fragments, and Methods of Use |
SG10201607778XA (en) | 2016-09-16 | 2018-04-27 | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | Anti-Dengue Virus Antibodies, Polypeptides Containing Variant Fc Regions, And Methods Of Use |
JP6976315B2 (en) | 2016-09-19 | 2021-12-08 | エフ.ホフマン−ラ ロシュ アーゲーF. Hoffmann−La Roche Aktiengesellschaft | Affinity chromatography based on complement factors |
KR102257154B1 (en) | 2016-09-19 | 2021-05-28 | 셀진 코포레이션 | Methods of treating immune diseases using PD-1 binding protein |
WO2018053401A1 (en) | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-22 | Celgene Corporation | Methods of treating vitiligo using pd-1 binding proteins |
EP3515488A1 (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2019-07-31 | Teva Pharmaceuticals International GmbH | Treating cluster headache |
BR112019005823A2 (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2019-06-25 | Teva Pharmaceuticals Int Gmbh | treatment for refractory migraine |
EP3515936A1 (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2019-07-31 | Elstar Therapeutics, Inc. | Multispecific antibody molecules comprising lambda and kappa light chains |
AU2017330405B2 (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2024-02-01 | Genentech, Inc. | Uses of IL-13 antagonists for treating atopic dermatitis |
CA3038331A1 (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2018-04-05 | Blade Therapeutics, Inc. | Calpain modulators and therapeutic uses thereof |
AU2017335771A1 (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2019-02-28 | Musc Foundation For Research Development | Antibodies that bind interleukin-2 and uses thereof |
GB201616596D0 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2016-11-16 | Nascient Limited | Epitope and antibodies |
AU2017336799B2 (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2023-08-31 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Safe and effective method of treating psoriasis with anti-IL23 specific antibody |
AU2017339858B2 (en) | 2016-10-03 | 2022-02-17 | Abbott Laboratories | Improved methods of assessing GFAP status in patient samples |
CN116650622A (en) | 2016-10-05 | 2023-08-29 | 艾科赛扬制药股份有限公司 | Compositions and methods for treating kidney disease |
EP3522933B1 (en) | 2016-10-05 | 2021-12-15 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Methods for preparing antibody drug conjugates |
AU2017339517B2 (en) | 2016-10-06 | 2024-03-14 | Foundation Medicine, Inc. | Therapeutic and diagnostic methods for cancer |
TW202340473A (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2023-10-16 | 瑞士商諾華公司 | Treatment of cancer using chimeric antigen receptors |
KR20230133934A (en) | 2016-10-11 | 2023-09-19 | 아게누스 인코포레이티드 | Anti-lag-3 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
WO2018068201A1 (en) | 2016-10-11 | 2018-04-19 | Nanjing Legend Biotech Co., Ltd. | Single-domain antibodies and variants thereof against ctla-4 |
WO2018071576A1 (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-19 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Treatment of tumors by inhibition of cd300f |
WO2018075408A1 (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-26 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods of treating acute myeloid leukemia (aml) with combinations of anti-cd200 antibodies, cytarabine, and daunorubicin |
JP7160484B2 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2022-10-25 | メディミューン,エルエルシー | ANTI-O1 ANTIBODY AND USES THEREOF |
US11249082B2 (en) | 2016-10-29 | 2022-02-15 | University Of Miami | Zika virus assay systems |
CN110267678A (en) | 2016-10-29 | 2019-09-20 | 霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 | Anti- MIC antibody and application method |
MY195110A (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2023-01-10 | Jounce Therapeutics Inc | Antibodies to PD-1 and uses Thereof |
KR20190107656A (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2019-09-20 | 이뮤노젠 아이엔씨 | Combination treatment with antibody-drug conjugates and PARP inhibitors |
WO2018083248A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 | 2018-05-11 | Kymab Limited | Antibodies, combinations comprising antibodies, biomarkers, uses & methods |
KR102431830B1 (en) | 2016-11-07 | 2022-08-16 | 주식회사 뉴라클사이언스 | Anti-family 19, member A5 antibodies with sequence similarity and methods of use thereof |
MX2019005661A (en) | 2016-11-16 | 2019-10-07 | Janssen Biotech Inc | Method of treating psoriasis with anti-il-23 specific antibody. |
WO2018094143A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 | 2018-05-24 | Siamab Therapeutics, Inc. | Glycan-interacting compounds and methods of use |
TW201829463A (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2018-08-16 | 瑞士商赫孚孟拉羅股份公司 | Anti-hla-g antibodies and use thereof |
CA3044274A1 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-24 | Obi Pharma, Inc. | Conjugated biological molecules, pharmaceutical compositions and methods |
BR112019010349A2 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2019-10-08 | Bioverativ Therapeutics Inc | ANTI-FIXED ANTIBODIES, ANTI-FXZ AND ANTIFXA, BIESPECIFIC MOLECULE, NULCEIC ACID, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION AND USE OF PREVIOUS |
US10780080B2 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2020-09-22 | Translational Drug Development, Llc | Benzamide and active compound compositions and methods of use |
WO2018102594A1 (en) | 2016-12-01 | 2018-06-07 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods of treating solid tumors with anti-cd200 antibodies |
AU2017373945A1 (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2019-06-20 | Agenus Inc. | Antibodies and methods of use thereof |
AR110321A1 (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2019-03-20 | Genentech Inc | ANTITAU ANTIBODIES AND METHODS OF USE |
JP2020511937A (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2020-04-23 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | Anti-TAU antibody and method of use |
MX2019006340A (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2019-11-07 | Agenus Inc | Anti-ctla-4 antibodies and methods of use thereof. |
GB201621635D0 (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2017-02-01 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Crystal structure |
CA3044920C (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2022-06-28 | Roberto Falkenstein | In vitro glycoengineering of antibodies |
CA3043158A1 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-28 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Re-use of enzymes in in vitro glycoengineering of antibodies |
AU2017381657B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2020-07-23 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Method for in vitro glycoengineering of antibodies |
CN110366557B (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2024-04-09 | 威特拉公司 | Binding polypeptides and methods of making the same |
US20180207267A1 (en) | 2017-01-06 | 2018-07-26 | Scholar Rock, Inc. | Isoform-specific, context-permissive tgfb1 inhibitors and use thereof |
WO2018129395A1 (en) | 2017-01-06 | 2018-07-12 | Scholar Rock, Inc. | Methods for treating metabolic diseases by inhibiting myostatin activation |
EP4218817A3 (en) | 2017-01-06 | 2023-09-06 | Scholar Rock, Inc. | Methods for treating metabolic diseases by inhibiting myostatin activation |
WO2018132597A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 | 2018-07-19 | Eureka Therapeutics, Inc. | Constructs targeting histone h3 peptide/mhc complexes and uses thereof |
CN110290811A (en) | 2017-01-13 | 2019-09-27 | 中央研究院 | To treat the glue system of the repeatable loading of brain diseases |
TWI659750B (en) | 2017-01-13 | 2019-05-21 | 中央研究院 | Improved reloadable hydrogel system for treating myocardial infarction |
CA3050009A1 (en) | 2017-01-18 | 2018-07-26 | Genentech, Inc. | Idiotypic antibodies against anti-pd-l1 antibodies and uses thereof |
US11890319B2 (en) | 2017-01-18 | 2024-02-06 | Visterra, Inc. | Antibody molecule-drug conjugates and uses thereof |
EP3573658A4 (en) | 2017-01-30 | 2021-07-21 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Anti-tnf antibodies, compositions, and methods for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis |
US10240205B2 (en) | 2017-02-03 | 2019-03-26 | Population Bio, Inc. | Methods for assessing risk of developing a viral disease using a genetic test |
MX2019009359A (en) | 2017-02-06 | 2020-01-30 | Australian Meat & Live Stock | Immunostimulating compositions and uses therefore. |
JP2020506947A (en) | 2017-02-07 | 2020-03-05 | ヤンセン バイオテツク,インコーポレーテツド | Anti-TNF antibodies, compositions and methods for treating active ankylosing spondylitis |
CN110637027A (en) | 2017-02-08 | 2019-12-31 | 百时美施贵宝公司 | Modified relaxin polypeptides comprising pharmacokinetic enhancers and uses thereof |
AR110873A1 (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2019-05-08 | Genentech Inc | ANTIBODIES AGAINST TRIPTASE, COMPOSITIONS OF THESE AND USES OF THESE |
US11021535B2 (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2021-06-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Neutralizing antibodies to plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein and their use |
US20200291089A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 | 2020-09-17 | Elstar Therapeutics, Inc. | Multifunctional molecules comprising a trimeric ligand and uses thereof |
WO2018152496A1 (en) | 2017-02-17 | 2018-08-23 | The Usa, As Represented By The Secretary, Dept. Of Health And Human Services | Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of zika virus infection |
SG11201907606XA (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2019-09-27 | Regeneron Pharma | Humanized model of kidney and liver disorders |
ES2953595T3 (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2023-11-14 | Hoffmann La Roche | Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for cancer |
JP7195262B2 (en) | 2017-03-02 | 2022-12-23 | ベス イスラエル デアコネス メディカル センター インコーポレイティッド | Method for Selecting Headache Patients Responsive to Antibodies Directed to Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptides |
WO2018158719A1 (en) | 2017-03-02 | 2018-09-07 | Novartis Ag | Engineered heterodimeric proteins |
AU2018226824A1 (en) | 2017-03-03 | 2019-09-19 | Seagen Inc. | Glycan-interacting compounds and methods of use |
IL269203B1 (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2024-05-01 | Poseida Therapeutics Inc | Compositions and methods for selective elimination and replacement of hematopoietic stem cells |
CA3056248A1 (en) | 2017-03-22 | 2018-09-27 | Genentech, Inc. | Optimized antibody compositions for treatment of ocular disorders |
AU2018240375C1 (en) | 2017-03-22 | 2024-02-01 | Ascendis Pharma A/S | Hydrogel cross-linked hyaluronic acid prodrug compositions and methods |
JP7346300B2 (en) | 2017-03-23 | 2023-09-19 | アボット・ラボラトリーズ | Methods for aiding in the diagnosis and determination of the extent of traumatic brain injury in human subjects using the early biomarker ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 |
CA3057676A1 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2018-09-27 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Proteoglycan irregularities in abnormal fibroblasts and therapies based therefrom |
AU2018241625A1 (en) | 2017-03-27 | 2019-09-05 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Improved antigen binding receptor formats |
MA49270A (en) | 2017-03-27 | 2020-02-05 | Hoffmann La Roche | ENHANCED ANTIGEN RECEPTORS |
UA125700C2 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2022-05-18 | Ф. Хоффманн-Ля Рош Аг | Immunoconjugates of an anti-pd-1 antibody with a mutant il-2 or with il-15 |
WO2018187227A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | Concologie, Inc. | Methods for treating cancer using ps-targeting antibodies with immuno-oncology agents |
CA3055132A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Antibodies binding to steap-1 |
EP3606947B1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2022-12-21 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Immunoconjugates of il-2 with an anti-pd-1 and tim-3 bispecific antibody |
SG11201909154SA (en) | 2017-04-05 | 2019-10-30 | Hoffmann La Roche | Bispecific antibodies specifically binding to pd1 and lag3 |
EP3606954B1 (en) | 2017-04-05 | 2022-07-20 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Anti-lag3 antibodies |
US11471537B2 (en) | 2017-04-05 | 2022-10-18 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Oligomer extended insulin-Fc conjugates |
EP3609915A1 (en) | 2017-04-12 | 2020-02-19 | Pfizer Inc | Antibodies having conditional affinity and methods of use thereof |
KR102629972B1 (en) | 2017-04-13 | 2024-01-29 | 아게누스 인코포레이티드 | Anti-CD137 antibody and methods of using the same |
KR20200014276A (en) | 2017-04-14 | 2020-02-10 | 가마맵스 파마 | AMHRII-binding compounds for preventing or treating cancer |
KR20200014277A (en) | 2017-04-14 | 2020-02-10 | 가마맵스 파마 | AMHRII-binding compounds for preventing or treating lung cancer |
WO2018191531A1 (en) | 2017-04-15 | 2018-10-18 | Abbott Laboratories | Methods for aiding in the hyperacute diagnosis and determination of traumatic brain injury in a human subject using early biomarkers |
US20200071417A1 (en) | 2017-04-19 | 2020-03-05 | Elstar Therapeutics, Inc. | Multispecific molecules and uses thereof |
MX2019012419A (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2019-12-05 | Genentech Inc | Use of klk5 antagonists for treatment of a disease. |
WO2018193427A1 (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2018-10-25 | Staten Biotechnology B.V. | Anti-apoc3 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
GB201706451D0 (en) | 2017-04-24 | 2017-06-07 | Imp Innovations Ltd | Cancer treatment |
WO2018200742A1 (en) | 2017-04-25 | 2018-11-01 | The Usa, As Represented By The Secretary, Dept. Of Health And Human Services | Antibodies and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of epstein barr virus infection |
JP7295030B2 (en) | 2017-04-26 | 2023-06-20 | ユーリカ セラピューティックス, インコーポレイテッド | Construct that specifically recognizes glypican 3 and use thereof |
US11965021B2 (en) | 2017-04-26 | 2024-04-23 | Eureka Therapeutics, Inc. | Cells expressing chimeric activating receptors and chimeric stimulating receptors and uses thereof |
CN110799541A (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2020-02-14 | 特沙诺有限公司 | Antibody agents against lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) and uses thereof |
WO2018201047A1 (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-01 | Elstar Therapeutics, Inc. | Multispecific molecules comprising a non-immunoglobulin heterodimerization domain and uses thereof |
WO2018200823A1 (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-01 | Abbott Laboratories | Methods for aiding in the hyperacute diagnosis and determination of traumatic brain injury using early biomarkers on at least two samples from the same human subject |
MA50957A (en) | 2017-05-01 | 2020-10-14 | Agenus Inc | ANTI-TIGIT ANTIBODIES AND THEIR METHODS OF USE |
US10865238B1 (en) | 2017-05-05 | 2020-12-15 | Duke University | Complement factor H antibodies |
JOP20190256A1 (en) | 2017-05-12 | 2019-10-28 | Icahn School Med Mount Sinai | Newcastle disease viruses and uses thereof |
EP3625251A1 (en) | 2017-05-15 | 2020-03-25 | University Of Rochester | Broadly neutralizing anti-influenza monoclonal antibody and uses thereof |
CA3063344A1 (en) | 2017-05-23 | 2018-11-29 | Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen - Deutsches Forschungszentrum Fur Gesundheit Und Umwelt (Gmbh) | Novel cd73 antibody, preparation and uses thereof |
US10866251B2 (en) | 2017-05-25 | 2020-12-15 | Abbott Laboratories | Methods for aiding in the determination of whether to perform imaging on a human subject who has sustained or may have sustained an injury to the head using early biomarkers |
US11129564B2 (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2021-09-28 | Abbott Laboratories | Methods for aiding in diagnosing and evaluating a mild traumatic brain injury in a human subject using cardiac troponin I |
CA3065301A1 (en) | 2017-05-31 | 2018-12-06 | Stcube & Co., Inc. | Antibodies and molecules that immunospecifically bind to btn1a1 and the therapeutic uses thereof |
EP3630836A1 (en) | 2017-05-31 | 2020-04-08 | Elstar Therapeutics, Inc. | Multispecific molecules that bind to myeloproliferative leukemia (mpl) protein and uses thereof |
AU2018277545A1 (en) | 2017-05-31 | 2019-12-19 | Stcube & Co., Inc. | Methods of treating cancer using antibodies and molecules that immunospecifically bind to BTN1A1 |
BR112019024604A2 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2020-06-23 | Pfizer Inc. | CHEMICAL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS THAT TARGET FLT3 |
EP3630841A1 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2020-04-08 | Pfizer Inc. | Antibodies specific for flt3 and their uses |
CN110997724A (en) | 2017-06-06 | 2020-04-10 | 斯特库伯株式会社 | Methods of treating cancer using antibodies and molecules that bind BTN1A1 or BTN1A 1-ligands |
JP2020523018A (en) | 2017-06-09 | 2020-08-06 | プロビデンス ヘルス アンド サービシーズ−オレゴン | Use of CD39 and CD103 for identification of tumor-reactive human T cells for treatment of cancer |
GB201709379D0 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2017-07-26 | Univ Leuven Kath | Humanised ADAMTS13 binding antibodies |
US20190062428A1 (en) | 2017-06-19 | 2019-02-28 | Surface Oncology, Inc. | Combination of anti-cd47 antibodies and cell death-inducing agents, and uses thereof |
EP3642240A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2020-04-29 | Novartis AG | Antibody molecules to cd73 and uses thereof |
EP3641752A4 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2021-03-17 | Moonshot Pharma LLC | Methods for treating cancer with compositions comprising amlexanox and immune modulators |
CN110944666A (en) | 2017-06-26 | 2020-03-31 | 博奥泰克尼公司 | Monoclonal antibodies to hybridoma clones, VSIG-4, and methods of making and using |
EP3645037A1 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2020-05-06 | Novartis AG | Dosage regimens for anti-tim-3 antibodies and uses thereof |
JP7454945B2 (en) | 2017-07-03 | 2024-03-25 | アボット・ラボラトリーズ | Improved method for measuring ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 levels in blood |
US11447809B2 (en) | 2017-07-06 | 2022-09-20 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Evolution of tRNA synthetases |
KR20200035966A (en) | 2017-07-11 | 2020-04-06 | 콤파스 테라퓨틱스 엘엘씨 | Effector antibodies that bind to human CD137 and uses thereof |
CN111032694B (en) | 2017-07-14 | 2024-03-08 | 辉瑞大药厂 | Antibodies to MADCAM |
EP3655430A1 (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2020-05-27 | The U.S.A. as represented by the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services | Antibodies and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis b virus infection |
EP3431496A1 (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2019-01-23 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Anti- isoasp7 amyloid beta antibodies and uses thereof |
US20200172617A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 | 2020-06-04 | Novartis Ag | Dosage regimens of anti-lag-3 antibodies and uses thereof |
US20190048073A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 | 2019-02-14 | Pfizer Inc. | Anti-gd3 antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates |
KR20240006698A (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2024-01-15 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Therapeutic and diagnostic methods for cancer |
EP3658583A1 (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2020-06-03 | Scholar Rock, Inc. | Ltbp complex-specific inhibitors of tgf-beta 1 and uses thereof |
PT3661954T (en) | 2017-08-03 | 2022-04-14 | Amgen Inc | Interleukin-21 muteins and methods of treatment |
BR112019023789A2 (en) | 2017-08-03 | 2020-07-28 | Alector Llc | anti-cd33 antibodies and methods of using them |
WO2019035938A1 (en) | 2017-08-16 | 2019-02-21 | Elstar Therapeutics, Inc. | Multispecific molecules that bind to bcma and uses thereof |
WO2019036605A2 (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2019-02-21 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Multiple specificity binders of cxc chemokines and uses thereof |
WO2019040780A1 (en) | 2017-08-25 | 2019-02-28 | Five Prime Therapeutics Inc. | B7-h4 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
TWI731264B (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2021-06-21 | 美商安進公司 | Inhibitors of kras g12c and methods of using the same |
JP2020532987A (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2020-11-19 | ポセイダ セラピューティクス,インコーポレイティド | Compositions and Methods for Chimeric Ligand Receptor (CLR) -mediated Conditional Gene Expression |
WO2019056002A1 (en) | 2017-09-18 | 2019-03-21 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Continuous evolution for stabilized proteins |
TW201922780A (en) | 2017-09-25 | 2019-06-16 | 美商健生生物科技公司 | Safe and effective method of treating Lupus with anti-IL12/IL23 antibody |
WO2019067499A1 (en) | 2017-09-27 | 2019-04-04 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Biomarker signature for predicting tumor response to anti-cd200 therapy |
CA3071236A1 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-04 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Multispecific antigen-binding molecule having blood coagulation factor viii (fviii) cofactor function-substituting activity, and pharmaceutical formulation containing said molecule as active ingredient |
ES2759622T3 (en) | 2017-10-02 | 2020-05-11 | Certest Biotec S L | Anti-Dps antibodies and test devices for the detection of bacteria of the genus Campylobacter |
US11945868B2 (en) | 2017-10-02 | 2024-04-02 | Visterra, Inc. | Antibody molecules to CD138 and uses thereof |
CA3078460A1 (en) | 2017-10-04 | 2019-04-11 | Opko Pharmaceuticals, Llc | Articles and methods directed to personalized therapy of cancer |
CN111630069B (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2024-05-31 | 勃林格殷格翰国际有限公司 | Human antibodies to Thomsen-non-velle (Tn) antigen |
BR112020007046A2 (en) | 2017-10-19 | 2020-11-17 | Debiopharm International S.A. | combination product for cancer treatment |
EP3697809A1 (en) | 2017-10-20 | 2020-08-26 | Institut Curie | Dap10/12 based cars adapted for rush |
SG11202003849VA (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2020-05-28 | Allogene Therapeutics Inc | Methods and compositions for dosing of allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor t cells |
MA50516A (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2020-09-09 | Staten Biotechnology B V | ANTI-APOC3 ANTIBODIES AND PROCESSES FOR USE |
US20190160089A1 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2019-05-30 | Immunogen, Inc. | Combination treatment with antibody-drug conjugates and cytarabine |
WO2019089753A2 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2019-05-09 | Compass Therapeutics Llc | Cd137 antibodies and pd-1 antagonists and uses thereof |
WO2019086394A1 (en) | 2017-11-01 | 2019-05-09 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | The compbody - a multivalent target binder |
KR102559706B1 (en) | 2017-11-01 | 2023-07-25 | 에프. 호프만-라 로슈 아게 | TRIFAB-Contols Body |
KR20200075860A (en) | 2017-11-06 | 2020-06-26 | 제넨테크, 인크. | How to diagnose and treat cancer |
JP2021502125A (en) | 2017-11-09 | 2021-01-28 | ピンテオン セラピューティクス インコーポレイテッド | Methods and Compositions for the Preparation and Use of Humanized Conformation-Specific Phosphorylated Tau Antibodies |
MX2020004756A (en) | 2017-11-16 | 2020-08-20 | Novartis Ag | Combination therapies. |
EP3713961A2 (en) | 2017-11-20 | 2020-09-30 | Compass Therapeutics LLC | Cd137 antibodies and tumor antigen-targeting antibodies and uses thereof |
MX2020005473A (en) | 2017-11-27 | 2020-08-27 | Purdue Pharma Lp | Humanized antibodies targeting human tissue factor. |
CA3082442A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-06 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-pd-l1 antibodies and methods of using the same for detection of pd-l1 |
US20200377571A1 (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2020-12-03 | Elstar Therapeutics, Inc. | Multispecific molecules and uses thereof |
WO2019112860A1 (en) | 2017-12-09 | 2019-06-13 | Abbott Laboratories | Methods for aiding in diagnosing and evaluating a traumatic brain injury in a human subject using a combination of gfap and uch-l1 |
JP7344801B2 (en) | 2017-12-09 | 2023-09-14 | アボット・ラボラトリーズ | Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and/or ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) Methods to assist in diagnosis and assessment of injuries sustained or potential injuries |
WO2019126133A1 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-27 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Liquid formulations of anti-cd200 antibodies |
WO2019126536A1 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-27 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Humanized anti-cd200 antibodies and uses thereof |
PE20201149A1 (en) | 2017-12-21 | 2020-10-26 | Hoffmann La Roche | HLA-A2 / WT1 BINDING ANTIBODIES |
EP3729080B1 (en) | 2017-12-21 | 2023-04-19 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Universal reporter cell assay for specificity test of novel antigen binding moieties |
CN111492243A (en) | 2017-12-21 | 2020-08-04 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | CAR-T cell assay for specific testing of novel antigen binding modules |
US20190211098A1 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2019-07-11 | Genentech, Inc. | Use of pilra binding agents for treatment of a disease |
SG11202004806SA (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2020-06-29 | Jounce Therapeutics Inc | Antibodies to lilrb2 |
CA3082280A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Nanjing Legend Biotech Co., Ltd. | Single-domain antibodies and variants thereof against tigit |
CN111542543B (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-12-22 | 南京传奇生物科技有限公司 | Antibodies to PD-L1 and variants thereof |
EP3732193A1 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2020-11-04 | Alector LLC | Anti-tmem106b antibodies and methods of use thereof |
SG11202005323SA (en) | 2018-01-12 | 2020-07-29 | Bristol Myers Squibb Co | Combination therapy with anti-il-8 antibodies and anti-pd-1 antibodies for treating cancer |
WO2019140196A1 (en) | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-18 | Amgen Inc. | Anti-pd-1 antibodies and methods of treatment |
TWI802633B (en) | 2018-01-15 | 2023-05-21 | 大陸商南京傳奇生物科技有限公司 | Single-domain antibodies and variants thereof against pd-1 |
CA3088649A1 (en) | 2018-01-16 | 2019-07-25 | Lakepharma, Inc. | Bispecific antibody that binds cd3 and another target |
WO2019152715A1 (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-08 | Alector Llc | Anti-ms4a4a antibodies and methods of use thereof |
WO2019152705A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 | 2019-08-08 | Pfizer Inc. | Antibodies specific for cd70 and their uses |
MX2020008184A (en) | 2018-02-01 | 2020-09-22 | Pfizer | Chimeric antigen receptors targeting cd70. |
US11787857B2 (en) | 2018-02-02 | 2023-10-17 | Bio-Techne Corporation | Compounds that modulate the interaction of VISTA and VSIG3 and methods of making and using |
WO2019150309A1 (en) | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-08 | Hammack Scott | Modulators of gpr68 and uses thereof for treating and preventing diseases |
US11952432B2 (en) | 2018-02-07 | 2024-04-09 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Cell-permeable stapled peptide modules for cellular delivery |
AR115360A1 (en) | 2018-02-08 | 2021-01-13 | Genentech Inc | ANTIGEN BINDING MOLECULES AND METHODS OF USE |
TWI829667B (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2024-01-21 | 瑞士商赫孚孟拉羅股份公司 | Antibodies binding to gprc5d |
KR102417088B1 (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2022-07-07 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Methods of treatment and diagnosis for mast cell-mediated inflammatory diseases |
US11512127B2 (en) | 2018-02-14 | 2022-11-29 | Viela Bio, Inc. | Antibodies to Feline McDonough Sarcoma (FMS)-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor ligand (FLT3L) and uses thereof for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases |
GB201802486D0 (en) | 2018-02-15 | 2018-04-04 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Methods |
CN111836831A (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2020-10-27 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | Administration for anti-TIGIT antagonist antibody and anti-PD-L1 antagonist antibody treatment |
CN111742219A (en) | 2018-03-01 | 2020-10-02 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | Specific assays for novel target antigen binding modules |
AU2019228600A1 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2020-09-24 | Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc. | B7-H4 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
WO2019171252A1 (en) | 2018-03-05 | 2019-09-12 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Methods of treating crohn's disease with anti-il23 specific antibody |
WO2019177690A1 (en) | 2018-03-12 | 2019-09-19 | Zoetis Services Llc | Anti-ngf antibodies and methods thereof |
KR20230020023A (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2023-02-09 | 서피스 온콜로지, 인크. | Antibodies that bind cd39 and uses thereof |
WO2019178362A1 (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2019-09-19 | Elstar Therapeutics, Inc. | Multifunctional molecules that bind to calreticulin and uses thereof |
US20210009711A1 (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2021-01-14 | Elstar Therapeutics, Inc. | Multifunctional molecules and uses thereof |
US20200040103A1 (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2020-02-06 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-klk5 antibodies and methods of use |
SG11202009010RA (en) | 2018-03-15 | 2020-10-29 | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | Anti-dengue virus antibodies having cross-reactivity to zika virus and methods of use |
JP7328983B2 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2023-08-17 | サーフィス オンコロジー インコーポレイテッド | Anti-IL-27 antibody and use thereof |
WO2019180272A1 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2019-09-26 | Fundación Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria De Santiago De Compostela | Anti-leptin affinity reagents for use in the treatment of obesity and other leptin-resistance associated diseases |
LT3775909T (en) | 2018-03-26 | 2023-08-10 | Glycanostics S.R.O. | Means and methods for glycoprofiling of a protein |
US11913951B2 (en) | 2018-03-26 | 2024-02-27 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | High throughput method for measuring the protease activity of complement C3 convertase |
EP3774917A4 (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2022-01-19 | Nanjing Legend Biotech Co., Ltd. | Single-domain antibodies against lag-3 and uses thereof |
EA202092302A1 (en) | 2018-04-02 | 2021-02-02 | Бристол-Майерс Сквибб Компани | ANTIBODIES TO TREM-1 AND THEIR APPLICATIONS |
JP7104458B2 (en) | 2018-04-02 | 2022-07-21 | 上海博威生物医薬有限公司 | Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) -binding antibody and its use |
JP2021520209A (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2021-08-19 | エフ・ホフマン−ラ・ロシュ・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Diagnostic Assay for Detecting Tumor Antigens in Cancer Patients |
JP7394067B2 (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2023-12-07 | エフ・ホフマン-ラ・ロシュ・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Diagnostic assays for detecting tumor antigens in cancer patients |
TW202011029A (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2020-03-16 | 美商建南德克公司 | Methods for detecting and quantifying FGF21 |
WO2019200357A1 (en) | 2018-04-12 | 2019-10-17 | Surface Oncology, Inc. | Biomarker for cd47 targeting therapeutics and uses therefor |
US20210147547A1 (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2021-05-20 | Novartis Ag | Dosage Regimens For Anti-Pd-L1 Antibodies And Uses Thereof |
AR114789A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2020-10-14 | Hoffmann La Roche | ANTI-HLA-G ANTIBODIES AND THE USE OF THEM |
AR115052A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2020-11-25 | Hoffmann La Roche | MULTI-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES AND THE USE OF THEM |
US20210230255A1 (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2021-07-29 | Fondazione Ebri Rita Levi-Montalcini | Antibody directed against a tau-derived neurotoxic peptide and uses thereof |
EP3787678A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 | 2021-03-10 | University Of Rochester | Anti-influenza neuraminidase monoclonal antibodies and uses thereof |
CN112119091A (en) | 2018-05-10 | 2020-12-22 | 纽洛可科学有限公司 | Antibodies against sequence similarity family 19 member a5 and methods of use thereof |
JP2021523138A (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2021-09-02 | ヤンセン バイオテツク,インコーポレーテツド | How to treat depression with IL-23 antibody |
AU2019264712A1 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2021-01-07 | Wuxi Biologics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | Fully human antibodies against OX40, method for preparing same, and use thereof |
TW202003048A (en) | 2018-05-15 | 2020-01-16 | 美商伊繆諾金公司 | Combination treatment with antibody-drug conjugates and FLT3 inhibitors |
CA3099308A1 (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2019-11-28 | Compass Therapeutics Llc | Compositions and methods for enhancing the killing of target cells by nk cells |
WO2019226658A1 (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2019-11-28 | Compass Therapeutics Llc | Multispecific antigen-binding compositions and methods of use |
AU2019274654B2 (en) | 2018-05-23 | 2023-07-20 | Pfizer Inc. | Antibodies specific for CD3 and uses thereof |
KR20230146098A (en) | 2018-05-23 | 2023-10-18 | 화이자 인코포레이티드 | Antibodies specific for gucy2c and uses thereof |
AU2019272885A1 (en) | 2018-05-25 | 2020-11-26 | Alector Llc | Anti-SIRPA antibodies and methods of use thereof |
TW202015726A (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2020-05-01 | 瑞士商諾華公司 | Entpd2 antibodies, combination therapies, and methods of using the antibodies and combination therapies |
JP2021525806A (en) | 2018-06-01 | 2021-09-27 | タユー ファシャ バイオテック メディカル グループ カンパニー, リミテッド | Compositions for treating diseases or conditions and their use |
US11913044B2 (en) | 2018-06-14 | 2024-02-27 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Evolution of cytidine deaminases |
US11830582B2 (en) | 2018-06-14 | 2023-11-28 | University Of Miami | Methods of designing novel antibody mimetics for use in detecting antigens and as therapeutic agents |
AU2019289176A1 (en) | 2018-06-18 | 2020-12-24 | Oxford University Innovation Limited | Gremlin-1 antagonist for the prevention and treatment of cancer |
CN112469440A (en) | 2018-06-18 | 2021-03-09 | 优瑞科生物技术公司 | Constructs targeting Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) and uses thereof |
PE20210418A1 (en) | 2018-06-19 | 2021-03-08 | Atarga Llc | COMPLEMENT COMPONENT 5 ANTIBODY MOLECULES AND THEIR USES |
EP3810189A1 (en) | 2018-06-19 | 2021-04-28 | Armo Biosciences, Inc. | Compositions and methods of use of il-10 agents in conjunction with chimeric antigen receptor cell therapy |
TW202016144A (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2020-05-01 | 日商第一三共股份有限公司 | Compositions including cd3 antigen binding fragments and uses thereof |
US20200030443A1 (en) | 2018-06-23 | 2020-01-30 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods of treating lung cancer with a pd-1 axis binding antagonist, a platinum agent, and a topoisomerase ii inhibitor |
WO2020003172A1 (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-02 | Mor Research Applications | Transthyretin antibodies and uses thereof |
US11203645B2 (en) | 2018-06-27 | 2021-12-21 | Obi Pharma, Inc. | Glycosynthase variants for glycoprotein engineering and methods of use |
SG11202010990TA (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2020-12-30 | Alector Llc | Anti-sirp-beta1 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
EP3818083A2 (en) | 2018-07-03 | 2021-05-12 | Elstar Therapeutics, Inc. | Anti-tcr antibody molecules and uses thereof |
WO2020008083A1 (en) | 2018-07-05 | 2020-01-09 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas | Therapeutic target in chemokine receptors for the screening of compounds useful for the treatment of pathological processes involving chemokine signaling |
EP3820896A1 (en) | 2018-07-11 | 2021-05-19 | Scholar Rock, Inc. | TGFbeta1 INHIBITORS AND USE THEREOF |
MA52165A (en) | 2018-07-11 | 2021-06-02 | Scholar Rock Inc | SELECTIVE TGFBETA1 ISOFORM INHIBITORS AND ASSOCIATED USE |
TW202005981A (en) | 2018-07-11 | 2020-02-01 | 美商供石公司 | HIGH-AFFINITY, ISOFORM-SELECTIVE TGFβ1 INHIBITORS AND USE THEREOF |
JP7447388B2 (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2024-03-12 | ナンジン レジェンド バイオテック カンパニー,リミテッド | Coreceptor systems for the treatment of infectious diseases |
SI3618928T1 (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2023-04-28 | Alector Llc | Anti-sortilin antibodies and methods of use thereof |
JP2021530697A (en) | 2018-07-18 | 2021-11-11 | ヤンセン バイオテツク,インコーポレーテツド | Sustained response predictor after treatment with anti-IL23 specific antibody |
WO2020018789A1 (en) | 2018-07-18 | 2020-01-23 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods of treating lung cancer with a pd-1 axis binding antagonist, an antimetabolite, and a platinum agent |
BR112021000934A2 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2021-04-27 | Pierre Fabre Medicament | receiver for sight |
WO2020021465A1 (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-30 | Advanced Accelerator Applications (Italy) S.R.L. | Method of treatment of neuroendocrine tumors |
WO2020033485A1 (en) | 2018-08-08 | 2020-02-13 | Genentech, Inc. | Use of tryptophan derivatives and l-methionine for protein formulation |
HRP20221504T1 (en) | 2018-08-08 | 2023-03-31 | Pml Screening, Llc | Methods for assessing the risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by john cunningham virus by genetic testing |
WO2020033923A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2020-02-13 | Compass Therapeutics Llc | Antigen binding agents that bind cd277 and uses thereof |
WO2020033925A2 (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2020-02-13 | Compass Therapeutics Llc | Antibodies that bind cd277 and uses thereof |
WO2020033926A2 (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2020-02-13 | Compass Therapeutics Llc | Antibodies that bind cd277 and uses thereof |
CN112839960A (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2021-05-25 | 中外制药株式会社 | anti-CD 137 antigen binding molecules and uses thereof |
KR20210043623A (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2021-04-21 | 주식회사 유틸렉스 | Chimeric antigen receptor and CAR-T cells that bind to HLA-DR |
US11548938B2 (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2023-01-10 | Quidel Corporation | DbpA antibodies and uses thereof |
AU2019331018A1 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2021-03-11 | Alector Llc | Anti-cd33 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
GB201814281D0 (en) | 2018-09-03 | 2018-10-17 | Femtogenix Ltd | Cytotoxic agents |
US10899826B1 (en) | 2018-09-13 | 2021-01-26 | Teva Pharmaceuticals International Gmbh | Pharmaceutical compositions for an anti-CGRP antagonist antibody |
KR20210063330A (en) | 2018-09-19 | 2021-06-01 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Methods of treatment and diagnosis for bladder cancer |
JP7475336B2 (en) | 2018-09-21 | 2024-04-26 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | Diagnostic methods for triple-negative breast cancer |
CA3113837C (en) | 2018-09-24 | 2022-07-12 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Safe and effective method of treating ulcerative colitis with anti-il12/il23 antibody |
JP7465272B2 (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2024-04-10 | マレンゴ・セラピューティクス,インコーポレーテッド | CSF1R/CCR2 multispecific antibodies |
US20210380675A1 (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2021-12-09 | Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. | Il-36 antibodies and uses thereof |
JP2022504287A (en) | 2018-10-03 | 2022-01-13 | スターテン・バイオテクノロジー・ベー・フェー | Antibodies specific for human and cynomolgus monkey APOC3, and methods of their use |
AU2019354101A1 (en) | 2018-10-05 | 2021-04-15 | Bavarian Nordic A/S | Combination therapy for treating cancer with an intravenous administration of a recombinant mva and an immune checkpoint antagonist or agonist |
JP7289913B2 (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2023-06-12 | ファイザー・インク | Dosing Regimens for TFPI Antagonists |
UY38407A (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2020-05-29 | Novartis Ag | TREM2 STABILIZING ANTIBODIES |
EP3867646A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2021-08-25 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Diagnostic and therapeutic methods for sarcomatoid kidney cancer |
SG11202104010PA (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2021-05-28 | Scholar Rock Inc | Rgmc-selective inhibitors and use thereof |
GB201817309D0 (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-12-05 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Antibodies |
GB201817311D0 (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-12-05 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Antibodies |
JP2022505450A (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2022-01-14 | エフ・ホフマン-ラ・ロシュ・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Conjugated chemical decomposition inducers and usage |
WO2020086408A1 (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2020-04-30 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | A high-yield perfusion-based transient gene expression bioprocess |
AU2019375413A1 (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2021-05-27 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods of producing two chain proteins in prokaryotic host cells |
MX2021005751A (en) | 2018-11-16 | 2021-10-01 | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Antibodies to mucin-16 and methods of use thereof. |
WO2020106358A1 (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2020-05-28 | Takeda Vaccines, Inc. | Novel anti-zika virus antibodies and uses thereof |
WO2020104531A1 (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2020-05-28 | Bavarian Nordic A/S | Therapy for treating cancer with an intratumoral and/or intravenous administration of a recombinant mva encoding 4-1bbl (cd137l) and/or cd40l |
EP3883607A4 (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2022-08-17 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Safe and effective method of treating psoriasis with anti-il-23 specific antibody |
MX2021006573A (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2021-07-15 | Genentech Inc | Combination therapy of diffuse large b-cell lymphoma comprising an anti-cd79b immunoconjugates, an alkylating agent and an anti-cd20 antibody. |
WO2020118011A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Anti-alk2 antibodies and uses thereof |
WO2020123275A1 (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2020-06-18 | Genentech, Inc. | Photocrosslinking peptides for site specific conjugation to fc-containing proteins |
MA54562A (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2021-10-27 | Janssen Biotech Inc | SAFE AND EFFECTIVE METHOD OF TREATING LUPUS WITH AN ANTI-IL12/IL23 ANTIBODY |
EP3898687A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2021-10-27 | Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. | Fn14 antibodies and uses thereof |
EP3883609A2 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2021-09-29 | The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services | Ebola virus glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies and uses thereof |
EP3898667A2 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2021-10-27 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Modified antibody fcs and methods of use |
US20220042038A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2022-02-10 | Poseida Therapeutics, Inc. | Nanotransposon compositions and methods of use |
WO2020128892A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | Novartis Ag | Extended low dose regimens for mdm2 inhibitors |
KR20210107025A (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2021-08-31 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Methods for producing polypeptides using cell lines resistant to apoptosis |
AU2019406712A1 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2021-06-17 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Antibody that binds to VEGF and IL-1beta and methods of use |
JP2022515473A (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2022-02-18 | エフ.ホフマン-ラ ロシュ アーゲー | Peptide-MHC-I-antibody fusion protein for therapeutic use in patients with amplified immune response |
JP2022516505A (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2022-02-28 | スパークス・セラピューティクス・インコーポレイテッド | Claudin 18.2 specific binding molecule, composition and method thereof for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. |
WO2020148651A1 (en) | 2019-01-15 | 2020-07-23 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Anti-tnf antibody compositions and methods for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
BR112021013571A2 (en) | 2019-01-16 | 2021-09-21 | Compass Therapeutics Llc | ANTIBODIES FORMULATIONS THAT BIND TO HUMAN CD137 AND USES THEREOF |
GB201900732D0 (en) | 2019-01-18 | 2019-03-06 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Antibodies |
US20220064278A1 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2022-03-03 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Anti-TNF Antibody Compositions for Use in Methods for the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis |
EP3914615A1 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2021-12-01 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Methods of producing multimeric proteins in eukaryotic host cells |
EP3915581A4 (en) | 2019-01-24 | 2023-03-22 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Novel cancer antigens and antibodies of said antigens |
EP3917957A1 (en) | 2019-01-28 | 2021-12-08 | Maple Biotech LLC | Psmp antagonists for use in treatment of fibrotic disease of the lung, kidney or liver |
GB201901197D0 (en) | 2019-01-29 | 2019-03-20 | Femtogenix Ltd | G-A Crosslinking cytotoxic agents |
PE20220279A1 (en) | 2019-01-30 | 2022-02-25 | Scholar Rock Inc | SPECIFIC INHIBITORS OF THE LTBP COMPLEX OF TGF BETA AND USES THEREOF |
US11738050B2 (en) | 2019-02-01 | 2023-08-29 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Compounds binding to fibroblast activation protein alpha |
EP3693063A1 (en) | 2019-02-06 | 2020-08-12 | Diaccurate | Methods and compositions for treating cancer |
EP3696191A1 (en) | 2019-02-14 | 2020-08-19 | Fundación Instituto de Investigación contra la Leucemia Josep Carreras (IJC) | Car t-cells for the treatment of cd1a-positive cancer |
US10871640B2 (en) | 2019-02-15 | 2020-12-22 | Perkinelmer Cellular Technologies Germany Gmbh | Methods and systems for automated imaging of three-dimensional objects |
JP2022522662A (en) | 2019-02-21 | 2022-04-20 | マレンゴ・セラピューティクス,インコーポレーテッド | Multifunctional molecules that bind to T cells and their use for treating autoimmune disorders |
CA3130754A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 | 2020-08-27 | Marengo Therapeutics, Inc. | Multifunctional molecules that bind to t cell related cancer cells and uses thereof |
JP2022521750A (en) | 2019-02-21 | 2022-04-12 | マレンゴ・セラピューティクス,インコーポレーテッド | Multifunctional molecule that binds to calreticulin and its use |
CA3131014A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 | 2020-08-27 | Andreas Loew | Anti-tcr antibody molecules and uses thereof |
CA3130508A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 | 2020-08-27 | Marengo Therapeutics, Inc. | Antibody molecules that bind to nkp30 and uses thereof |
EP4378958A2 (en) | 2019-02-26 | 2024-06-05 | Inspirna, Inc. | High-affinity anti-mertk antibodies and uses thereof |
EP3931220A1 (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2022-01-05 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Dosing for treatment with anti-tigit and anti-cd20 or anti-cd38 antibodies |
CA3126728A1 (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-17 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods for detecting and quantifying membrane-associated proteins on extracellular vesicles |
EA202192508A1 (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2022-03-29 | Янссен Байотек, Инк. | METHODS FOR OBTAINING COMPOSITIONS OF ANTIBODIES TO TNF |
MA55282A (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2022-01-19 | Janssen Biotech Inc | MANUFACTURING METHODS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ANTI-TNF ANTIBODY COMPOSITIONS |
KR20210141990A (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2021-11-23 | 얀센 바이오테크 인코포레이티드 | Methods of Preparation for Generating Anti-IL12/IL23 Antibody Compositions |
EP3938391A1 (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2022-01-19 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Methods for producing anti-tnf antibody compositions |
MA55383A (en) | 2019-03-18 | 2022-01-26 | Janssen Biotech Inc | METHOD OF TREATING PSORIASIS IN PEDIATRIC SUBJECTS WITH AN ANTI-IL12/IL23 ANTIBODY |
WO2020198731A2 (en) | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-01 | Danisco Us Inc | Engineered antibodies |
MX2021011609A (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2022-01-24 | Genentech Inc | Modulators of cell surface protein interactions and methods and compositions related to same. |
AU2020253833A1 (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2021-10-28 | Atarga, Llc | Anti FGF23 antibody |
AU2020258480A1 (en) | 2019-04-19 | 2021-10-21 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-mertk antibodies and their methods of use |
MX2021012506A (en) | 2019-04-19 | 2022-01-24 | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | Chimeric receptor recognizing modification site of antibody. |
US20220289854A1 (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2022-09-15 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Methods for treating cancer using combinations of anti-cx3cr1 and immune checkpoint blockade agents |
EP3962523A2 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2022-03-09 | The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services | Neutralizing antibodies to plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein and their use |
MX2021013825A (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2022-01-18 | Genentech Inc | Methods of using anti-cd79b immunoconjugates to treat follicular lymphoma. |
US20230085439A1 (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2023-03-16 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Antibodies that bind human metapneumovirus fusion protein and their use |
CN113874073A (en) | 2019-05-23 | 2021-12-31 | 詹森生物科技公司 | Methods of treating inflammatory bowel disease with combination therapy of antibodies to IL-23 and TNF α |
CN113874036A (en) | 2019-05-24 | 2021-12-31 | 辉瑞公司 | Combination therapy with CDK inhibitors |
EP3976648A1 (en) | 2019-06-03 | 2022-04-06 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Anti-tnf antibody compositions, and methods for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis |
JP2022535534A (en) | 2019-06-03 | 2022-08-09 | ヤンセン バイオテツク,インコーポレーテツド | Anti-TNF Antibodies, Compositions and Methods for Treating Active Ankylosing Spondylitis |
CA3140023A1 (en) | 2019-06-11 | 2020-12-17 | Alector Llc | Anti-sortilin antibodies for use in therapy |
BR112021025421A2 (en) | 2019-06-17 | 2022-02-01 | Visterra Inc | Humanized antibody molecules to cd138 and the uses thereof |
CN114051500A (en) | 2019-07-02 | 2022-02-15 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | Immunoconjugates comprising interleukin-2 mutants and anti-CD 8 antibodies |
WO2021010326A1 (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2021-01-21 | 中外製薬株式会社 | Anti-mutation type fgfr3 antibody and use therefor |
AR119393A1 (en) | 2019-07-15 | 2021-12-15 | Hoffmann La Roche | ANTIBODIES THAT BIND NKG2D |
US20220306734A1 (en) | 2019-07-24 | 2022-09-29 | H. Lundbeck A/S | Anti-mglur5 antibodies and uses thereof |
JP7483857B2 (en) | 2019-07-26 | 2024-05-15 | ビステラ, インコーポレイテッド | Interleukin-2 agonists and uses thereof |
WO2021022083A2 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2021-02-04 | Alector Llc | Anti-ms4a4a antibodies and methods of use thereof |
BR112022001460A2 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2022-03-22 | Hoffmann La Roche | Bispecific antigen-binding molecules, one or more isolated polynucleotides, host cell, method for producing a bispecific antigen-binding molecule and for treating a disease in an individual, pharmaceutical composition, use of the bispecific antigen-binding molecule and invention |
CN114174338A (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2022-03-11 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | Antibodies that bind to GPRC5D |
HUE064890T2 (en) | 2019-08-02 | 2024-04-28 | Fundacio De Recerca Clinic Barcelona Inst | Car t-cells against bcma for the treatment of multiple myeloma |
CA3148740A1 (en) | 2019-08-06 | 2021-02-11 | Aprinoia Therapeutics Limited | Antibodies that bind to pathological tau species and uses thereof |
EP4031658A1 (en) | 2019-08-07 | 2022-07-27 | DB Biotech, AS | Improved horseradish peroxidase polypeptides |
MX2022001732A (en) | 2019-08-12 | 2022-05-06 | Purinomia Biotech Inc | Methods and compositions for promoting and potentiating t-cell mediated immune responses through adcc targeting of cd39 expressing cells. |
CA3150762A1 (en) | 2019-08-12 | 2021-02-18 | Aptevo Research And Development Llc | 4-1 bb and ox40 binding proteins and related compositions and methods, antibodies against 4-1 bb, antibodies against ox40 |
WO2021028752A1 (en) | 2019-08-15 | 2021-02-18 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Anti-tfn antibodies for treating type i diabetes |
US11680098B2 (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2023-06-20 | Agenus Inc. | Antibodies that specifically bind human CD96 |
WO2021044009A1 (en) | 2019-09-04 | 2021-03-11 | Deutsches Zentrum Für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen E.V. (Dzne) | Herv inhibitors for use in treating tauopathies |
AU2020342910A1 (en) | 2019-09-04 | 2022-04-07 | Pierre Fabre Medicament | Anti-VSIG4 antibody or antigen binding fragment and uses thereof |
AU2020342544A1 (en) | 2019-09-05 | 2022-03-24 | Poseida Therapeutics, Inc. | Allogeneic cell compositions and methods of use |
EP4028054A1 (en) | 2019-09-12 | 2022-07-20 | Genentech, Inc. | Compositions and methods of treating lupus nephritis |
BR112022002351A2 (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2022-07-19 | Surface Oncology Inc | ANTI-CD39 ANTIBODY COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS |
CA3150999A1 (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2021-03-25 | James Thomas Koerber | Anti-klk7 antibodies, anti-klk5 antibodies, multispecific anti-klk5/klk7 antibodies, and methods of use |
CN114502590A (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2022-05-13 | 诺华股份有限公司 | ENTPD2 antibodies, combination therapies, and methods of using these antibodies and combination therapies |
TW202124446A (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2021-07-01 | 瑞士商諾華公司 | Combination therapies with entpd2 antibodies |
WO2021055694A1 (en) | 2019-09-20 | 2021-03-25 | Genentech, Inc. | Dosing for anti-tryptase antibodies |
WO2021062244A1 (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2021-04-01 | Surface Oncology, Inc. | Anti-il-27 antibodies and uses thereof |
CN114729045A (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2022-07-08 | 斯特库比公司 | Antibodies specific for glycosylated CTLA-4 and methods of use thereof |
US11760801B2 (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2023-09-19 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Anti-CEACAM antibodies and uses thereof |
PE20221110A1 (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2022-07-11 | Genentech Inc | DOSE ADMINISTRATION FOR TREATMENT WITH ANTI-TIGIT AND ANTI-PD-L1 ANTAGONIST ANTIBODIES |
US20220281997A1 (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2022-09-08 | Nanjing GenScript Biotech Co., Ltd. | Anti-VHH Domain Antibodies and Use Thereof |
JP2022552282A (en) | 2019-10-09 | 2022-12-15 | エスティーキューブ アンド カンパニー | Antibodies specific for glycosylated LAG3 and methods of use thereof |
EP4045090A1 (en) | 2019-10-18 | 2022-08-24 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods of using anti-cd79b immunoconjugates to treat diffuse large b-cell lymphoma |
WO2021079195A1 (en) | 2019-10-21 | 2021-04-29 | Novartis Ag | Tim-3 inhibitors and uses thereof |
BR112022007376A2 (en) | 2019-10-21 | 2022-07-05 | Novartis Ag | COMBINATION THERAPIES WITH VENETOCLAX AND TIM-3 INHIBITORS |
EP3812008A1 (en) | 2019-10-23 | 2021-04-28 | Gamamabs Pharma | Amh-competitive antagonist antibody |
US11459389B2 (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2022-10-04 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Monoclonal antibodies that bind human CD161 |
CN115066613A (en) | 2019-11-06 | 2022-09-16 | 基因泰克公司 | Diagnostic and therapeutic methods for treating hematologic cancers |
KR20220106775A (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2022-07-29 | 버베리안 노딕 에이/에스 | Recombinant MVA virus for intratumoral and/or intravenous administration for the treatment of cancer |
GB201917480D0 (en) | 2019-11-29 | 2020-01-15 | Univ Oxford Innovation Ltd | Antibodies |
IL293827A (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2022-08-01 | Alector Llc | Anti-mertk antibodies and methods of use thereof |
KR20220113790A (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2022-08-16 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Anti-LY6G6D Antibodies and Methods of Use |
AU2020406085A1 (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2022-05-26 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Antibodies binding to HLA-A2/MAGE-A4 |
JP2023507083A (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2023-02-21 | クイデル コーポレーション | monoclonal antibody fusion |
WO2021123996A1 (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | Novartis Ag | Uses of anti-tgf-beta antibodies and checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of proliferative diseases |
GB201919058D0 (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2020-02-05 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Multi-specific antibodies |
GB201919061D0 (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2020-02-05 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Multi-specific antibody |
GB201919062D0 (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2020-02-05 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Antibody |
WO2021127505A1 (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | Poseida Therapeutics, Inc. | Anti-muc1 compositions and methods of use |
US20230058982A1 (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2023-02-23 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Anti-ctla-4 antibody and use thereof |
TW202138388A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2021-10-16 | 美商西根公司 | Methods of treating cancer with nonfucosylated anti-cd70 antibodies |
EP4084821A4 (en) | 2020-01-03 | 2024-04-24 | Marengo Therapeutics, Inc. | Multifunctional molecules that bind to cd33 and uses thereof |
IL294330A (en) | 2020-01-06 | 2022-08-01 | Vaccinex Inc | Anti-ccr8 antibodies and uses thereof |
CN110818795B (en) | 2020-01-10 | 2020-04-24 | 上海复宏汉霖生物技术股份有限公司 | anti-TIGIT antibodies and methods of use |
EP4087659A2 (en) | 2020-01-11 | 2022-11-16 | Scholar Rock, Inc. | Tgf-beta inhibitors and use thereof |
AU2021205433A1 (en) | 2020-01-11 | 2022-08-18 | Scholar Rock, Inc. | Tgfß inhibitors and use thereof |
TW202140553A (en) | 2020-01-13 | 2021-11-01 | 美商威特拉公司 | Antibody molecules to c5ar1 and uses thereof |
IL294388A (en) | 2020-01-14 | 2022-08-01 | Synthekine Inc | Il2 orthologs and methods of use |
JP2023510393A (en) | 2020-01-17 | 2023-03-13 | ノバルティス アーゲー | A combination comprising a TIM-3 inhibitor and a hypomethylating agent for use in treating myelodysplastic syndrome or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia |
WO2022050954A1 (en) | 2020-09-04 | 2022-03-10 | Genentech, Inc. | Dosing for treatment with anti-tigit and anti-pd-l1 antagonist antibodies |
WO2021194481A1 (en) | 2020-03-24 | 2021-09-30 | Genentech, Inc. | Dosing for treatment with anti-tigit and anti-pd-l1 antagonist antibodies |
CN115397848A (en) | 2020-02-05 | 2022-11-25 | 拉利玛生物医药公司 | TAT peptide binding proteins and uses thereof |
AU2021218927A1 (en) | 2020-02-10 | 2022-09-22 | Shanghai Escugen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. | Claudin 18.2 antibody and use thereof |
EP4105237A4 (en) | 2020-02-10 | 2024-03-27 | Shanghai Escugen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. | Cldn18.2 antibody and use thereof |
TW202144395A (en) | 2020-02-12 | 2021-12-01 | 日商中外製藥股份有限公司 | Anti-CD137 antigen-binding molecule for use in cancer treatment |
EP4103608A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 | 2022-12-21 | UCB Biopharma SRL | Bispecific antibodies against cd9 and cd137 |
US20230125234A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 | 2023-04-27 | UCB Biopharma SRL | Anti cd44-ctla4 bispecific antibodies |
EP4103612A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 | 2022-12-21 | UCB Biopharma SRL | Bispecific antibodies against cd9 |
EP4103609A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 | 2022-12-21 | UCB Biopharma SRL | Bispecific antibodies against cd9 and cd7 |
EP4103611B1 (en) | 2020-02-13 | 2024-03-27 | UCB Biopharma SRL | Bispecific antibodies binding hvem and cd9 |
US11692038B2 (en) | 2020-02-14 | 2023-07-04 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Antibodies that bind chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8 (CCR8) |
AU2021224572A1 (en) | 2020-02-18 | 2022-08-25 | Alector Llc | Pilra antibodies and methods of use thereof |
WO2021170071A1 (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2021-09-02 | Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc. | Anti-cd137 constructs, multispecific antibody and uses thereof |
BR112022016491A2 (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2022-10-11 | Shanghai Henlius Biotech Inc | ANTI-CD137 CONSTRUCTION AND USES THEREOF |
JP2023516724A (en) | 2020-03-06 | 2023-04-20 | オーエヌエー セラピューティクス エセ.エレ. | Anti-CD36 antibodies and their use to treat cancer |
JP2023517889A (en) | 2020-03-10 | 2023-04-27 | マサチューセッツ インスティテュート オブ テクノロジー | Compositions and methods for immunotherapy of NPM1c-positive cancers |
WO2021183795A1 (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2021-09-16 | Poseida Therapeutics, Inc. | Chimeric stimulatory receptors and methods of use in t cell activation and differentiation |
CN115843255A (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2023-03-24 | 约瑟夫卡雷拉斯白血病研究基金会 | CD22 targeting moieties for the treatment of B cell type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) |
IL296256A (en) | 2020-03-13 | 2022-11-01 | Genentech Inc | Anti-interleukin-33 antibodies and uses thereof |
CN117551194A (en) | 2020-03-19 | 2024-02-13 | 基因泰克公司 | Isotype selective anti-TGF-beta antibodies and methods of use |
TW202144419A (en) | 2020-03-24 | 2021-12-01 | 美商建南德克公司 | Tie2-binding agents and methods of use |
US20230203191A1 (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2023-06-29 | Danisco Us Inc | Engineered antibodies |
EP4126940A1 (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2023-02-08 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Antibody that binds to vegf and pdgf-b and methods of use |
WO2021202590A1 (en) | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-07 | Alector Llc | Anti-mertk antibodies and methods of use thereof |
CA3170570A1 (en) | 2020-04-01 | 2021-10-07 | James J. KOBIE | Monoclonal antibodies against the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) of influenza h3n2 viruses |
CN116710146A (en) | 2020-04-03 | 2023-09-05 | 威特拉公司 | Antibody molecule-drug conjugates and uses thereof |
EP4127724A1 (en) | 2020-04-03 | 2023-02-08 | Genentech, Inc. | Therapeutic and diagnostic methods for cancer |
WO2021211331A1 (en) | 2020-04-13 | 2021-10-21 | Abbott Point Of Care Inc. | METHODS, COMPLEXES AND KITS FOR DETECTING OR DETERMINING AN AMOUNT OF A ß-CORONAVIRUS ANTIBODY IN A SAMPLE |
MX2022012956A (en) | 2020-04-14 | 2023-03-27 | Poseida Therapeutics Inc | Compositions and methods for use in the treatment of cancer. |
CN115485028A (en) | 2020-04-15 | 2022-12-16 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | Immunoconjugates |
KR20230028242A (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2023-02-28 | 마렝고 테라퓨틱스, 인크. | Multifunctional molecules that bind to T cell-associated cancer cells and their uses |
IL297541A (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2022-12-01 | Genentech Inc | Methods of using anti-cd79b immunoconjugates |
EP3921034A2 (en) | 2020-04-28 | 2021-12-15 | The Rockefeller University | Neutralizing anti-sars-cov-2 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
CN115885050A (en) | 2020-04-28 | 2023-03-31 | 基因泰克公司 | Methods and compositions for non-small cell lung cancer immunotherapy |
TW202204420A (en) | 2020-04-30 | 2022-02-01 | 美商建南德克公司 | Kras specific antibodies and uses thereof |
JP2023523794A (en) | 2020-05-01 | 2023-06-07 | ノバルティス アーゲー | engineered immunoglobulin |
JP2023523760A (en) | 2020-05-01 | 2023-06-07 | ノバルティス アーゲー | immunoglobulin variant |
EP4146283A1 (en) | 2020-05-03 | 2023-03-15 | Levena (Suzhou) Biopharma Co., Ltd. | Antibody-drug conjugates (adcs) comprising an anti-trop-2 antibody, compositions comprising such adcs, as well as methods of making and using the same |
WO2021226290A1 (en) | 2020-05-05 | 2021-11-11 | 10X Genomics, Inc. | Methods for identification of antigen-binding molecules |
KR20230010749A (en) | 2020-05-17 | 2023-01-19 | 아스트라제네카 유케이 리미티드 | SARS-COV-2 antibodies and methods for selecting and using them |
WO2021239666A1 (en) | 2020-05-26 | 2021-12-02 | Diaccurate | Therapeutic methods |
EP4157881A1 (en) | 2020-05-27 | 2023-04-05 | Staidson (Beijing) Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. | Antibodies specifically recognizing nerve growth factor and uses thereof |
WO2021247618A1 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2021-12-09 | 10X Genomics, Inc. | Enrichment of nucleic acid sequences |
CA3185858A1 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2021-12-09 | Dynamicure Biotechnology Llc | Anti-cd93 constructs and uses thereof |
CN116529260A (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2023-08-01 | 当康生物技术有限责任公司 | anti-CD 93 constructs and uses thereof |
CN115803062A (en) | 2020-06-03 | 2023-03-14 | 博泰康医药公司 | Antibodies to trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP-2) |
CN115697489A (en) | 2020-06-08 | 2023-02-03 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | anti-HBV antibodies and methods of use thereof |
GB202008651D0 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2020-07-22 | Univ Newcastle | Method of identifying complement modulators |
WO2021252977A1 (en) | 2020-06-12 | 2021-12-16 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods and compositions for cancer immunotherapy |
CA3181820A1 (en) | 2020-06-16 | 2021-12-23 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods and compositions for treating triple-negative breast cancer |
BR112022025801A2 (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2023-10-03 | Hoffmann La Roche | METHODS FOR TREATING A PATIENT AND FOR TREATING A PATIENT WITH ADVANCED ESCC, KIT, ANTIBODY, USE OF AN ANTIBODY, AND USE OF A BINDING ANTAGONIST |
BR112022026639A2 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2023-05-09 | Visterra Inc | APRIL ANTIBODY MOLECULES AND THEIR USES |
WO2022010797A2 (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2022-01-13 | Bionecure Therapeutics, Inc. | Novel maytansinoids as adc payloads and their use for the treatment of cancer |
CN116323668A (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2023-06-23 | 辉瑞公司 | Therapeutic antibodies and uses thereof |
WO2022016037A1 (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2022-01-20 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-notch2 antibodies and methods of use |
WO2022018040A2 (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2022-01-27 | Astrazeneca Uk Limited | Sars-cov-2 proteins, anti-sars-cov-2 antibodies, and methods of using the same |
TW202216215A (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2022-05-01 | 美商建南德克公司 | Antibody-conjugated chemical inducers of degradation of brm and methods thereof |
EP4185610A2 (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2023-05-31 | Allogene Therapeutics, Inc. | Chimeric antigen receptors with enhanced signaling and activities and uses thereof |
GB2597532A (en) | 2020-07-28 | 2022-02-02 | Femtogenix Ltd | Cytotoxic compounds |
WO2022026592A2 (en) | 2020-07-28 | 2022-02-03 | Celltas Bio, Inc. | Antibody molecules to coronavirus and uses thereof |
AU2021315665A1 (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2023-03-16 | Dynamicure Biotechnology Llc | Anti-CD93 constructs and uses thereof |
US20220043000A1 (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2022-02-10 | Abbott Laboratories | Methods and kits for detecting sars-cov-2 protein in a sample |
WO2022040345A1 (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2022-02-24 | Cephalon, Inc. | Anti-par-2 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
AU2021331075A1 (en) | 2020-08-26 | 2023-04-06 | Marengo Therapeutics, Inc. | Multifunctional molecules that bind to calreticulin and uses thereof |
AU2021331076A1 (en) | 2020-08-26 | 2023-04-06 | Marengo Therapeutics, Inc. | Antibody molecules that bind to NKp30 and uses thereof |
KR20230074487A (en) | 2020-08-26 | 2023-05-30 | 마렝고 테라퓨틱스, 인크. | How to detect TRBC1 or TRBC2 |
US20230338587A1 (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2023-10-26 | Advanced Accelerator Applications International Sa | Method of treating psma-expressing cancers |
WO2022043557A1 (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-03 | Advanced Accelerator Applications International Sa | Method of treating psma-expressing cancers |
CA3193594A1 (en) | 2020-09-11 | 2022-03-17 | Medimmune Limited | Therapeutic b7-h4 binding molecules |
CA3194182A1 (en) | 2020-09-12 | 2022-03-17 | Medimmune Limited | A scoring method for an anti-b7h4 antibody-drug conjugate therapy |
EP3981789A1 (en) | 2020-10-12 | 2022-04-13 | Commissariat À L'Énergie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives | Anti-lilrb antibodies and uses thereof |
CA3198456A1 (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2022-04-21 | Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc. | Anti-c-c chemokine receptor 8 (ccr8) antibodies and methods of use thereof |
US20230374148A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 | 2023-11-23 | UCB Biopharma SRL | Binding molecules that multimerise cd45 |
WO2022081436A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-21 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Antibody specific for sars-cov-2 receptor binding domain and therapeutic methods |
CN116685325A (en) | 2020-10-20 | 2023-09-01 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | Combination therapy of a PD-1 axis binding antagonist and an LRRK2 inhibitor |
WO2022087274A1 (en) | 2020-10-21 | 2022-04-28 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Antibodies that neutralize type-i interferon (ifn) activity |
CN116507640A (en) | 2020-10-28 | 2023-07-28 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | Improved antigen binding receptors |
AR123997A1 (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2023-02-01 | Univ Rockefeller | NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AGAINST SARS-CoV-2 |
MX2023005132A (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2023-05-25 | Genentech Inc | Dosing for treatment with anti-cd20/anti-cd3 bispecific antibodies. |
EP4240493A2 (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2023-09-13 | Genentech, Inc. | Dosing for treatment with anti-cd20/anti-cd3 bispecific antibodies and anti-cd79b antibody drug conjugates |
WO2022098628A2 (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2022-05-12 | Genentech, Inc. | Subcutaneous dosing of anti-cd20/anti-cd3 bispecific antibodies |
US20230408517A1 (en) | 2020-11-24 | 2023-12-21 | Bio-Techne Corporation | Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus antibodies |
AU2021390501A1 (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2023-06-29 | Aptevo Research And Development Llc | Heterodimeric psma and cd3-binding bispecific antibodies |
WO2023102384A1 (en) | 2021-11-30 | 2023-06-08 | Abbott Laboratories | Use of one or more biomarkers to determine traumatic brain injury (tbi) in a subject having received a head computerized tomography scan that is negative for a tbi |
CA3198161A1 (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2022-06-09 | Beth MCQUISTON | Use of one or more biomarkers to determine traumatic brain injury (tbi) in a subject having received a head computerized tomography scan that is negative for a tbi |
US20220168293A1 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2022-06-02 | Pfizer Inc. | Time to resolution of axitinib-related adverse events |
WO2022120352A1 (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2022-06-09 | Alector Llc | Methods of use of anti-sortilin antibodies |
AU2021391924A1 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2023-06-22 | The General Hospital Corporation | Methods of using interleukin-2 agents |
MX2023006650A (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2023-06-21 | UCB Biopharma SRL | Multi-specific antibodies and antibody combinations. |
WO2022122652A1 (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2022-06-16 | UCB Biopharma SRL | Antibodies against interleukin-22 |
WO2022132904A1 (en) | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-23 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Human monoclonal antibodies targeting sars-cov-2 |
CR20230263A (en) | 2020-12-17 | 2023-08-21 | Hoffmann La Roche | Anti-hla-g antibodies and use thereof |
JP2024500747A (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2024-01-10 | キニクサ ファーマシューティカルズ, リミテッド | Protein compositions and methods for producing and using the same |
WO2022147147A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-07 | Abbott Laboratories | Methods for determining sars-cov-2 antigen and anti-sars-cov-2 antibody in a sample |
EP4271482A2 (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2023-11-08 | Alamar Biosciences, Inc. | Binder molecules with high affinity and/ or specificity and methods of making and use thereof |
WO2022148853A1 (en) | 2021-01-11 | 2022-07-14 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Immunoconjugates |
JP2024503657A (en) | 2021-01-13 | 2024-01-26 | メモリアル スローン-ケタリング キャンサー センター | Antibody-pyrrolobenzodiazepine derivative conjugate |
MX2023008285A (en) | 2021-01-13 | 2023-09-12 | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Anti-dll3 antibody-drug conjugate. |
WO2022155324A1 (en) | 2021-01-15 | 2022-07-21 | The Rockefeller University | Neutralizing anti-sars-cov-2 antibodies |
US20220226442A1 (en) | 2021-01-20 | 2022-07-21 | Visterra, Inc. | Interleukin-2 agents and uses thereof |
JP2024505049A (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2024-02-02 | ノバルティス アーゲー | Administration modes for anti-CD73 and anti-ENTPD2 antibodies and their uses |
IL304955A (en) | 2021-02-09 | 2023-10-01 | Us Health | Antibodies targeting the spike protein of coronaviruses |
CA3210753A1 (en) | 2021-02-09 | 2022-08-18 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Human monoclonal antibodies against pneumococcal antigens |
WO2022182872A2 (en) | 2021-02-24 | 2022-09-01 | Alladapt Immunotherapeutics, Inc. | Compositions and methods for identification of cross-reactive allergenic proteins and treatment of allergies |
US20240139171A1 (en) | 2021-03-02 | 2024-05-02 | Cgrp Diagnostics Gmbh | Treatment and/or reduction of occurrence of migraine |
WO2022187440A1 (en) | 2021-03-03 | 2022-09-09 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | La protien as a novel regulator of osteoclastogenesis |
KR20230156727A (en) | 2021-03-03 | 2023-11-14 | 피에르 파브르 메디카먼트 | Anti-VSIG4 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof and uses |
US20240181073A1 (en) | 2021-03-03 | 2024-06-06 | Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc. | Antibody-Drug Conjugates Comprising an Anti-BCMA Antibody |
EP4301472A1 (en) | 2021-03-05 | 2024-01-10 | Dynamicure Biotechnology LLC | Anti-vista constructs and uses thereof |
JP2024510588A (en) | 2021-03-12 | 2024-03-08 | ヤンセン バイオテツク,インコーポレーテツド | Method of treating psoriatic arthritis patients with inadequate response to TNF therapy with anti-IL23-specific antibodies |
CA3212729A1 (en) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-09-15 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Safe and effective method of treating psoriatic arthritis with anti-il23 specific antibody |
JP2024512377A (en) | 2021-03-12 | 2024-03-19 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | Anti-KLK7 antibodies, anti-KLK5 antibodies, multispecific anti-KLK5/KLK7 antibodies, and methods of use |
BR112023018621A2 (en) | 2021-03-15 | 2023-10-24 | Hoffmann La Roche | METHODS TO TREAT LUPUS NEPHRITIS, DEPLETION OF PERIPHERAL B CELLS, KITS TO TREAT LUPUS NEPHRITIS AND ANTI-CD20 TYPE II ANTIBODIES |
MX2023010917A (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2023-09-27 | Medimmune Ltd | Therapeutic binding molecule that binds to ccr9. |
US20240174746A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2024-05-30 | Alector Llc | Anti-tmem106b antibodies and methods of use thereof |
JP2024511373A (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2024-03-13 | ノバルティス アーゲー | Biomarkers and their use for cancer |
WO2022197877A1 (en) | 2021-03-19 | 2022-09-22 | Genentech, Inc. | Methods and compositions for time delayed bio-orthogonal release of cytotoxic agents |
JP2024511610A (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2024-03-14 | アレクトル エルエルシー | Anti-TMEM106B antibody for treatment and prevention of coronavirus infection |
CN117616041A (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2024-02-27 | 当康生物技术有限责任公司 | anti-IGFBP 7 constructs and uses thereof |
WO2022204581A2 (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-29 | Scholar Rock, Inc. | Tgf-beta inhibitors and use thereof |
EP4067381A1 (en) | 2021-04-01 | 2022-10-05 | Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg | Novel tnfr2 binding molecules |
TW202304979A (en) | 2021-04-07 | 2023-02-01 | 瑞士商諾華公司 | USES OF ANTI-TGFβ ANTIBODIES AND OTHER THERAPEUTIC AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PROLIFERATIVE DISEASES |
KR20240004462A (en) | 2021-04-08 | 2024-01-11 | 마렝고 테라퓨틱스, 인크. | Multifunctional molecules that bind to TCR and their uses |
AR125344A1 (en) | 2021-04-15 | 2023-07-05 | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | ANTI-C1S ANTIBODY |
AU2021443863A1 (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2023-10-26 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Dosing for treatment with anti-cd20/anti-cd3 bispecific antibody |
TW202243689A (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-16 | 瑞士商赫孚孟拉羅股份公司 | Dosing for combination treatment with anti-cd20/anti-cd3 bispecific antibody and anti-cd79b antibody drug conjugate |
IL308100A (en) | 2021-05-03 | 2023-12-01 | UCB Biopharma SRL | Antibodies |
WO2022235867A2 (en) | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-10 | The Rockefeller University | Neutralizing anti-sars- cov-2 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
IL308198A (en) | 2021-05-07 | 2024-01-01 | Surface Oncology Llc | Anti-il-27 antibodies and uses thereof |
TW202310876A (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2023-03-16 | 美商建南德克公司 | Methods of using anti-cd79b immunoconjugates to treat diffuse large b-cell lymphoma |
WO2022245920A1 (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2022-11-24 | Abbott Laboratories | Methods of evaluating brain injury in a pediatric subject |
CN113278071B (en) | 2021-05-27 | 2021-12-21 | 江苏荃信生物医药股份有限公司 | Anti-human interferon alpha receptor1 monoclonal antibody and application thereof |
EP4348263A1 (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2024-04-10 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods for detecting cm-tma biomarkers |
WO2022256313A1 (en) | 2021-06-01 | 2022-12-08 | 10X Genomics, Inc. | Validation of a unique molecular identifier associated with a nucleic acid sequence of interest |
EP4348260A2 (en) | 2021-06-03 | 2024-04-10 | Scholar Rock, Inc. | Tgf-beta inhibitors and therapeutic use thereof |
TW202306994A (en) | 2021-06-04 | 2023-02-16 | 日商中外製藥股份有限公司 | Anti-ddr2 antibodies and uses thereof |
CA3218590A1 (en) | 2021-06-07 | 2022-12-15 | Providence Health & Services - Oregon | Cxcr5, pd-1, and icos expressing tumor reactive cd4 t cells and their use |
WO2022261183A2 (en) | 2021-06-08 | 2022-12-15 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating and/or identifying an agent for treating intestinal cancers |
EP4351582A1 (en) | 2021-06-09 | 2024-04-17 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Combination of a particular braf inhibitor (paradox breaker) and a pd-1 axis binding antagonist for use in the treatment of cancer |
JP2024522213A (en) | 2021-06-14 | 2024-06-11 | アルジェニクス ビーブイ | Anti-IL-9 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
WO2022266034A1 (en) | 2021-06-14 | 2022-12-22 | Abbott Laboratories | Methods of diagnosing or aiding in diagnosis of brain injury caused by acoustic energy, electromagnetic energy, an over pressurization wave, and/or blast wind |
EP4355786A1 (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2024-04-24 | Alector LLC | Bispecific anti-mertk and anti-pdl1 antibodies and methods of use thereof |
WO2022266221A1 (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2022-12-22 | Alector Llc | Monovalent anti-mertk antibodies and methods of use thereof |
WO2022266660A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 | 2022-12-22 | Amberstone Biosciences, Inc. | Anti-cd3 constructs and uses thereof |
CA3221555A1 (en) | 2021-06-23 | 2022-12-29 | Kimberly LONG | A myostatin pathway inhibitor in combination with a glp-1 pathway activator for use in treating metabolic disorders |
IL309115A (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2024-02-01 | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | Anti–ctla-4 antibody |
TW202311291A (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2023-03-16 | 日商中外製藥股份有限公司 | Use of anti-ctla-4 antibodies |
KR20240025597A (en) | 2021-06-29 | 2024-02-27 | 씨젠 인크. | Methods of treating cancer with a combination of afucosylated anti-CD70 antibody and CD47 antagonist |
WO2023283611A1 (en) | 2021-07-08 | 2023-01-12 | Staidson Biopharma Inc. | Antibodies specifically recognizing tnfr2 and uses thereof |
EP4367137A1 (en) | 2021-07-09 | 2024-05-15 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Manufacturing methods for producing anti-tnf antibody compositions |
KR20240034218A (en) | 2021-07-09 | 2024-03-13 | 얀센 바이오테크 인코포레이티드 | Manufacturing Methods for Producing Anti-TNF Antibody Compositions |
IL309987A (en) | 2021-07-09 | 2024-03-01 | Janssen Biotech Inc | Manufacturing methods for producing anti-il12/il23 antibody compositions |
WO2023285878A1 (en) | 2021-07-13 | 2023-01-19 | Aviation-Ophthalmology | Methods for detecting, treating, and preventing gpr68-mediated ocular diseases, disorders, and conditions |
AU2022310862A1 (en) | 2021-07-14 | 2024-02-01 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Engineered t cell receptors fused to binding domains from antibodies |
KR20240058075A (en) | 2021-07-14 | 2024-05-03 | 스테이드슨 (베이징) 바이오팔마슈티칼스 캄퍼니 리미티드 | Antibodies specifically identifying CD40 and their applications |
WO2023004386A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 | 2023-01-26 | Genentech, Inc. | Brain targeting compositions and methods of use thereof |
EP4373859A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 | 2024-05-29 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Heterodimeric fc domain antibodies |
CA3226281A1 (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2023-02-02 | ONA Therapeutics S.L. | Anti-cd36 antibodies and their use to treat cancer |
WO2023012147A1 (en) | 2021-08-03 | 2023-02-09 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Bispecific antibodies and methods of use |
US11807685B2 (en) | 2021-08-05 | 2023-11-07 | The Uab Research Foundation | Anti-CD47 antibody and uses thereof |
WO2023012343A1 (en) | 2021-08-06 | 2023-02-09 | Institut Du Cancer De Montpellier | Methods for the treatment of cancer |
EP4384545A1 (en) | 2021-08-10 | 2024-06-19 | BYOMass Inc. | Anti-gdf15 antibodies, compositions and uses thereof |
CN117897409A (en) | 2021-08-13 | 2024-04-16 | 基因泰克公司 | Administration of anti-tryptase antibodies |
GB202111905D0 (en) | 2021-08-19 | 2021-10-06 | UCB Biopharma SRL | Antibodies |
WO2023026205A1 (en) | 2021-08-24 | 2023-03-02 | Cgrp Diagnostics Gmbh | Preventative treatment of migraine |
AU2022335718A1 (en) | 2021-08-26 | 2024-03-28 | Glycanostics S.R.O | Glycoprotein biomarkers for diagnosing cancer |
WO2023034750A1 (en) | 2021-08-30 | 2023-03-09 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-polyubiquitin multispecific antibodies |
AU2022339759A1 (en) | 2021-08-31 | 2024-03-07 | Abbott Laboratories | Methods and systems of diagnosing brain injury |
WO2023032955A1 (en) | 2021-08-31 | 2023-03-09 | 大正製薬株式会社 | Anti-growth hormone antibody |
CN113603775B (en) | 2021-09-03 | 2022-05-20 | 江苏荃信生物医药股份有限公司 | Anti-human interleukin-33 monoclonal antibody and application thereof |
TW202323276A (en) | 2021-09-03 | 2023-06-16 | 瑞士伯恩大學 | Compositions and methods for treating long qt syndrome |
CN113683694B (en) | 2021-09-03 | 2022-05-13 | 江苏荃信生物医药股份有限公司 | Anti-human TSLP monoclonal antibody and application thereof |
CA3231890A1 (en) | 2021-09-14 | 2023-03-23 | Jan Tkac | Use of lectins to determine mammaglobin-a glycoforms in breast cancer |
AU2022345881A1 (en) | 2021-09-20 | 2024-03-21 | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Inhibin subunit beta e (inhbe) modulator compositions and methods of use thereof |
WO2023044483A2 (en) | 2021-09-20 | 2023-03-23 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the treatment of her2 positive cancer |
WO2023056069A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2023-04-06 | Angiex, Inc. | Degrader-antibody conjugates and methods of using same |
TW202321308A (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2023-06-01 | 美商建南德克公司 | Methods for treatment of hematologic cancers using anti-tigit antibodies, anti-cd38 antibodies, and pd-1 axis binding antagonists |
CA3232176A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2023-04-06 | Beth MCQUISTON | Methods and systems of diagnosing brain injury |
CA3233506A1 (en) | 2021-10-04 | 2023-04-13 | Joseph S. LUCAS | Transposon compositions and methods of use thereof |
TW202327595A (en) | 2021-10-05 | 2023-07-16 | 美商輝瑞大藥廠 | Combinations of azalactam compounds for the treatment of cancer |
KR20240082388A (en) | 2021-10-08 | 2024-06-10 | 추가이 세이야쿠 가부시키가이샤 | Method for preparing prefilled syringe formulations |
CN118139648A (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2024-06-04 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | Substituted PD1-IL7v immunoconjugates for the treatment of cancer |
AU2022362681A1 (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2024-04-04 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | New interleukin-7 immunoconjugates |
AU2022373330A1 (en) | 2021-10-18 | 2024-05-16 | Adimab, Llc | Anti-activin a antibodies, compositions and uses thereof |
WO2023069919A1 (en) | 2021-10-19 | 2023-04-27 | Alector Llc | Anti-cd300lb antibodies and methods of use thereof |
IL312401A (en) | 2021-10-29 | 2024-06-01 | Janssen Biotech Inc | Methods of treating crohn's disease with anti-il23 specific antibody |
EP4177266A1 (en) | 2021-11-05 | 2023-05-10 | Katholieke Universiteit Leuven | Neutralizing anti-sars-cov-2 human antibodies |
WO2023086807A1 (en) | 2021-11-10 | 2023-05-19 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-interleukin-33 antibodies and uses thereof |
WO2023086824A1 (en) | 2021-11-10 | 2023-05-19 | 10X Genomics, Inc. | Methods for identification of antigen-binding molecules |
CA3238377A1 (en) | 2021-11-15 | 2023-05-19 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Methods of treating crohn's disease with anti-il23 specific antibody |
TW202337494A (en) | 2021-11-16 | 2023-10-01 | 美商建南德克公司 | Methods and compositions for treating systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) with mosunetuzumab |
WO2023092004A1 (en) | 2021-11-17 | 2023-05-25 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the treatment of tau-related disorders |
CA3239216A1 (en) | 2021-11-23 | 2023-06-01 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Method of treating ulcerative colitis with anti-il23 specific antibody |
US20230348614A1 (en) | 2021-11-24 | 2023-11-02 | Visterra, Inc. | Engineered antibody molecules to cd138 and uses thereof |
WO2023097119A2 (en) | 2021-11-29 | 2023-06-01 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Methods and compositions to modulate riok2 |
WO2023102463A1 (en) | 2021-12-01 | 2023-06-08 | Visterra, Inc. | Methods of using interleukin-2 agents |
AU2022413677A1 (en) | 2021-12-17 | 2024-06-27 | Abbott Laboratories | Systems and methods for determining uch-l1, gfap, and other biomarkers in blood samples |
WO2023109901A1 (en) | 2021-12-17 | 2023-06-22 | Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc. | Anti-ox40 antibodies and methods of use |
WO2023109900A1 (en) | 2021-12-17 | 2023-06-22 | Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc. | Anti-ox40 antibodies, multispecific antibodies and methods of use |
WO2023122213A1 (en) | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-29 | Byomass Inc. | Targeting gdf15-gfral pathway cross-reference to related applications |
WO2023118508A1 (en) | 2021-12-23 | 2023-06-29 | Bavarian Nordic A/S | Recombinant mva viruses for intraperitoneal administration for treating cancer |
WO2023129942A1 (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2023-07-06 | Abbott Laboratories | Use of biomarkers to determine sub-acute traumatic brain injury (tbi) in a subject having received a head computerized tomography (ct) scan that is negative for a tbi or no head ct scan |
WO2023141445A1 (en) | 2022-01-19 | 2023-07-27 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-notch2 antibodies and conjugates and methods of use |
WO2023141576A1 (en) | 2022-01-21 | 2023-07-27 | Poseida Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions and methods for delivery of nucleic acids |
WO2023147399A1 (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2023-08-03 | The Rockefeller University | Broadly neutralizing anti-sars-cov-2 antibodies targeting the n-terminal domain of the spike protein and methods of use thereof |
WO2023147107A1 (en) | 2022-01-31 | 2023-08-03 | Byomass Inc. | Myeloproliferative conditions |
WO2023150652A1 (en) | 2022-02-04 | 2023-08-10 | Abbott Laboratories | Lateral flow methods, assays, and devices for detecting the presence or measuring the amount of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase l1 and/or glial fibrillary acidic protein in a sample |
US20230383010A1 (en) | 2022-02-07 | 2023-11-30 | Visterra, Inc. | Anti-idiotype antibody molecules and uses thereof |
WO2023154824A1 (en) | 2022-02-10 | 2023-08-17 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Human monoclonal antibodies that broadly target coronaviruses |
TW202348252A (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2023-12-16 | 英商梅迪繆思有限公司 | Combination therapies for treatment of cancer with therapeutic binding molecules |
WO2023169896A1 (en) | 2022-03-09 | 2023-09-14 | Astrazeneca Ab | BINDING MOLECULES AGAINST FRα |
WO2023170216A1 (en) | 2022-03-11 | 2023-09-14 | Astrazeneca Ab | A SCORING METHOD FOR AN ANTI-FRα ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATE THERAPY |
WO2023175614A1 (en) | 2022-03-15 | 2023-09-21 | Yeda Research And Development Co. Ltd. | Anti glucocorticoid-induced tnfr-related (gitr) protein antibodies and uses thereof |
US20230414750A1 (en) | 2022-03-23 | 2023-12-28 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Combination treatment of an anti-cd20/anti-cd3 bispecific antibody and chemotherapy |
WO2023180511A1 (en) | 2022-03-25 | 2023-09-28 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Improved chimeric receptors |
US20230312703A1 (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2023-10-05 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Method of Treating Psoriasis with IL-23 Specific Antibody |
WO2023192436A1 (en) | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-05 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Singleplex or multiplexed assay for complement markers in fresh biological samples |
WO2023192478A1 (en) | 2022-04-01 | 2023-10-05 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Combination therapy with anti-il-8 antibodies and anti-pd-1 antibodies for treating cancer |
WO2023196866A1 (en) | 2022-04-06 | 2023-10-12 | Mirobio Limited | Engineered cd200r antibodies and uses thereof |
GB202205203D0 (en) | 2022-04-08 | 2022-05-25 | UCB Biopharma SRL | Combination with inhibitor |
GB202205200D0 (en) | 2022-04-08 | 2022-05-25 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Combination with chemotherapy |
TW202404637A (en) | 2022-04-13 | 2024-02-01 | 瑞士商赫孚孟拉羅股份公司 | Pharmaceutical compositions of anti-cd20/anti-cd3 bispecific antibodies and methods of use |
TW202400637A (en) | 2022-04-25 | 2024-01-01 | 美商威特拉公司 | Antibody molecules to april and uses thereof |
WO2023209177A1 (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2023-11-02 | Astrazeneca Uk Limited | Sars-cov-2 antibodies and methods of using the same |
TW202406934A (en) | 2022-05-03 | 2024-02-16 | 美商建南德克公司 | Anti-ly6e antibodies, immunoconjugates, and uses thereof |
WO2023220695A2 (en) | 2022-05-13 | 2023-11-16 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the treatment of her2 positive cancer |
WO2023223265A1 (en) | 2022-05-18 | 2023-11-23 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Method for evaluating and treating psoriatic arthritis with il23 antibody |
WO2023235699A1 (en) | 2022-05-31 | 2023-12-07 | Jounce Therapeutics, Inc. | Antibodies to lilrb4 and uses thereof |
WO2023240124A1 (en) | 2022-06-07 | 2023-12-14 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pseudotyped viral particles for targeting tcr-expressing cells |
WO2023240058A2 (en) | 2022-06-07 | 2023-12-14 | Genentech, Inc. | Prognostic and therapeutic methods for cancer |
WO2023239803A1 (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2023-12-14 | Angiex, Inc. | Anti-tm4sf1 antibody-drug conjugates comprising cleavable linkers and methods of using same |
WO2023250402A2 (en) | 2022-06-22 | 2023-12-28 | Antlera Therapeutics Inc. | Tetravalent fzd and wnt co-receptor binding antibody molecules and uses thereof |
EP4296279A1 (en) | 2022-06-23 | 2023-12-27 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Anti-transthyretin (ttr) binding proteins and uses thereof |
WO2024006876A1 (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-04 | Abbott Laboratories | Magnetic point-of-care systems and assays for determining gfap in biological samples |
WO2024015953A1 (en) | 2022-07-15 | 2024-01-18 | Danisco Us Inc. | Methods for producing monoclonal antibodies |
WO2024013727A1 (en) | 2022-07-15 | 2024-01-18 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Material and methods for improved bioengineered pairing of antigen-binding variable regions |
WO2024020407A1 (en) | 2022-07-19 | 2024-01-25 | Staidson Biopharma Inc. | Antibodies specifically recognizing b- and t-lymphocyte attenuator (btla) and uses thereof |
WO2024020564A1 (en) | 2022-07-22 | 2024-01-25 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-steap1 antigen-binding molecules and uses thereof |
WO2024026447A1 (en) | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-01 | Alector Llc | Anti-gpnmb antibodies and methods of use thereof |
TW202405020A (en) | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-01 | 美商阿列克特有限責任公司 | Transferrin receptor antigen-binding domains and uses therefor |
WO2024026471A1 (en) | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-01 | Alector Llc | Cd98hc antigen-binding domains and uses therefor |
WO2024030829A1 (en) | 2022-08-01 | 2024-02-08 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Monoclonal antibodies that bind to the underside of influenza viral neuraminidase |
WO2024030976A2 (en) | 2022-08-03 | 2024-02-08 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions and methods for crossing the blood brain barrier |
WO2024050354A1 (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2024-03-07 | Washington University | Alphavirus antigen binding antibodies and uses thereof |
WO2024049949A1 (en) | 2022-09-01 | 2024-03-07 | Genentech, Inc. | Therapeutic and diagnostic methods for bladder cancer |
WO2024050524A1 (en) | 2022-09-01 | 2024-03-07 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Compositions and methods for directing apolipoprotein l1 to induce mammalian cell death |
WO2024050526A1 (en) | 2022-09-02 | 2024-03-07 | Biomarin Pharmaceutical Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating long qt syndrome |
WO2024054436A1 (en) | 2022-09-06 | 2024-03-14 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Diagnostic and prognostic biomarker profiles in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (hsct-tma) |
WO2024054822A1 (en) | 2022-09-07 | 2024-03-14 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Engineered sars-cov-2 antibodies with increased neutralization breadth |
WO2024054929A1 (en) | 2022-09-07 | 2024-03-14 | Dynamicure Biotechnology Llc | Anti-vista constructs and uses thereof |
WO2024059708A1 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2024-03-21 | Abbott Laboratories | Biomarkers and methods for differentiating between mild and supermild traumatic brain injury |
WO2024062038A1 (en) | 2022-09-21 | 2024-03-28 | Elthera Ag | Novel binding molecules binding to l1cam |
WO2024086796A1 (en) | 2022-10-20 | 2024-04-25 | Alector Llc | Anti-ms4a4a antibodies with amyloid-beta therapies |
WO2024089551A1 (en) | 2022-10-25 | 2024-05-02 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Msln and cd3 binding agents and methods of use thereof |
WO2024097741A1 (en) | 2022-11-04 | 2024-05-10 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Anticancer therapies using anti-ccr8 antibody, chemo and immunotherapy combinations |
WO2024102734A1 (en) | 2022-11-08 | 2024-05-16 | Genentech, Inc. | Compositions and methods of treating childhood onset idiopathic nephrotic syndrome |
WO2024100170A1 (en) | 2022-11-11 | 2024-05-16 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Antibodies binding to hla-a*02/foxp3 |
US20240199734A1 (en) | 2022-11-22 | 2024-06-20 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Method of Treating Ulcerative Colitis with Anti-IL23 Specific Antibody |
Citations (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3853832A (en) * | 1971-04-27 | 1974-12-10 | Harmone Res Foundation | Synthetic human pituitary growth hormone and method of producing it |
US3853833A (en) * | 1971-04-27 | 1974-12-10 | Hormone Res Foundation | Synthetic human growth-promoting and lactogenic hormones and method of producing same |
US4446235A (en) * | 1982-03-22 | 1984-05-01 | Genentech, Inc. | Method for cloning human growth hormone varient genes |
US4593002A (en) * | 1982-01-11 | 1986-06-03 | Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates, Inc. | Viruses with recombinant surface proteins |
US4655160A (en) * | 1985-09-10 | 1987-04-07 | David R. Ligh | Deck box |
US4670393A (en) * | 1982-03-22 | 1987-06-02 | Genentech, Inc. | DNA vectors encoding a novel human growth hormone-variant protein |
US4673641A (en) * | 1982-12-16 | 1987-06-16 | Molecular Genetics Research And Development Limited Partnership | Co-aggregate purification of proteins |
US4699897A (en) * | 1983-06-04 | 1987-10-13 | Amgen | Biologically active peptides structurally related to regions within growth hormones |
US4880910A (en) * | 1981-09-18 | 1989-11-14 | Genentech, Inc. | Terminal methionyl bovine growth hormone and its use |
US4888286A (en) * | 1984-02-06 | 1989-12-19 | Creative Biomolecules, Inc. | Production of gene and protein analogs through synthetic gene design using double stranded synthetic oligonucleotides |
US5013653A (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1991-05-07 | Creative Biomolecules, Inc. | Product and process for introduction of a hinge region into a fusion protein to facilitate cleavage |
US5047333A (en) * | 1987-12-22 | 1991-09-10 | Eniricerche S.P.A. | Method for the preparation of natural human growth hormone in pure form |
US5223409A (en) * | 1988-09-02 | 1993-06-29 | Protein Engineering Corp. | Directed evolution of novel binding proteins |
US5350836A (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1994-09-27 | Ohio University | Growth hormone antagonists |
US5427908A (en) * | 1990-05-01 | 1995-06-27 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Recombinant library screening methods |
US5432018A (en) * | 1990-06-20 | 1995-07-11 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Peptide library and screening systems |
US5498538A (en) * | 1990-02-15 | 1996-03-12 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Totally synthetic affinity reagents |
US5514548A (en) * | 1993-02-17 | 1996-05-07 | Morphosys Gesellschaft Fur Proteinoptimerung Mbh | Method for in vivo selection of ligand-binding proteins |
US5516637A (en) * | 1994-06-10 | 1996-05-14 | Dade International Inc. | Method involving display of protein binding pairs on the surface of bacterial pili and bacteriophage |
US5534617A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1996-07-09 | Genentech, Inc. | Human growth hormone variants having greater affinity for human growth hormone receptor at site 1 |
US5622699A (en) * | 1995-09-11 | 1997-04-22 | La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation | Method of identifying molecules that home to a selected organ in vivo |
US5627024A (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1997-05-06 | The Scripps Research Institute | Lambdoid bacteriophage vectors for expression and display of foreign proteins |
US5658727A (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1997-08-19 | The Scripps Research Institute | Heterodimeric receptor libraries using phagemids |
US5663143A (en) * | 1988-09-02 | 1997-09-02 | Dyax Corp. | Engineered human-derived kunitz domains that inhibit human neutrophil elastase |
US5688666A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1997-11-18 | Genentech, Inc. | Growth hormone variants with altered binding properties |
US5702892A (en) * | 1995-05-09 | 1997-12-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Phage-display of immunoglobulin heavy chain libraries |
US5712089A (en) * | 1993-12-06 | 1998-01-27 | Bioinvent International Ab | Method of selecting specific bacteriophages |
US5733743A (en) * | 1992-03-24 | 1998-03-31 | Cambridge Antibody Technology Limited | Methods for producing members of specific binding pairs |
US5747334A (en) * | 1990-02-15 | 1998-05-05 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Random peptide library |
US5750373A (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 1998-05-12 | Genentech, Inc. | Enrichment method for variant proteins having altered binding properties, M13 phagemids, and growth hormone variants |
US5770356A (en) * | 1992-09-04 | 1998-06-23 | The Scripps Research Institute | Phagemids coexpressing a surface receptor and a surface heterologous protein |
US5770434A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1998-06-23 | Ixsys Incorporated | Soluble peptides having constrained, secondary conformation in solution and method of making same |
US5780279A (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 1998-07-14 | Genentech, Inc. | Method of selection of proteolytic cleavage sites by directed evolution and phagemid display |
US5811093A (en) * | 1994-04-05 | 1998-09-22 | Exponential Biotherapies, Inc. | Bacteriophage genotypically modified to delay inactivations by the host defense system |
US5955341A (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1999-09-21 | The Scripps Research Institute | Heterodimeric receptor libraries using phagemids |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE151110T1 (en) * | 1988-09-02 | 1997-04-15 | Protein Eng Corp | PRODUCTION AND SELECTION OF RECOMBINANT PROTEINS WITH DIFFERENT BINDING SITES |
CA2001774C (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 2001-10-16 | James A. Wells | Method for identifying active domains and amino acid residues in polypeptides and hormone variants |
GB9015198D0 (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1990-08-29 | Brien Caroline J O | Binding substance |
WO1995034683A1 (en) * | 1994-06-10 | 1995-12-21 | Symbiotech, Inc. | Method of detecting compounds utilizing genetically modified lambdoid bacteriophage |
GB9500851D0 (en) * | 1995-01-17 | 1995-03-08 | Bionvent International Ab | Method of selecting specific bacteriophages |
AU6785496A (en) * | 1995-09-07 | 1997-03-27 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Phage display for detergent enzyme activity |
IL126045A0 (en) * | 1996-03-20 | 1999-05-09 | Dyax Corp | Purification of tissue plasminogen activator (tpa) |
AU3135097A (en) * | 1996-05-22 | 1997-12-09 | Johns Hopkins University, The | Methods of detection utilizing modified bacteriophage |
CA2256449A1 (en) * | 1996-06-06 | 1997-12-11 | Lajolla Pharmaceutical Company | Apl immunoreactive peptides, conjugates thereof and methods of treatment for apl antibody-mediated pathologies |
ATE279203T1 (en) * | 1996-06-10 | 2004-10-15 | Scripps Research Inst | USE OF SUBSTRATE SUBTRACTION LIBRARIES TO DIFFERENTIATE ENZYME SPECIFICITIES |
WO1998005344A1 (en) * | 1996-08-05 | 1998-02-12 | Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. | Bacteriophage-mediated gene therapy |
DE69718341T2 (en) * | 1996-10-08 | 2003-10-30 | Bisys B V U | METHOD AND MEANS FOR SELECTING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS WITH SPECIFIC AFFINITY TO A TARGET MOLECULE |
-
1991
- 1991-12-03 US US08/050,058 patent/US5750373A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-03 CA CA002405246A patent/CA2405246A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-12-03 WO PCT/US1991/009133 patent/WO1992009690A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-12-03 DK DK92902109T patent/DK0564531T3/en active
- 1991-12-03 CA CA002095633A patent/CA2095633C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-03 EP EP92902109A patent/EP0564531B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-03 AT AT92902109T patent/ATE164395T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-12-03 DE DE69129154T patent/DE69129154T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-03 ES ES92902109T patent/ES2113940T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-06-05 US US08/463,667 patent/US5834598A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-05 US US08/463,587 patent/US5821047A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-09-03 US US08/923,854 patent/US6040136A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-03-27 GR GR980400652T patent/GR3026468T3/en unknown
-
2005
- 2005-08-08 US US11/199,062 patent/US20060115874A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-06-11 US US11/761,180 patent/US20080038717A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-07-24 US US12/508,859 patent/US20100035236A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (41)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3853833A (en) * | 1971-04-27 | 1974-12-10 | Hormone Res Foundation | Synthetic human growth-promoting and lactogenic hormones and method of producing same |
US3853832A (en) * | 1971-04-27 | 1974-12-10 | Harmone Res Foundation | Synthetic human pituitary growth hormone and method of producing it |
US4880910A (en) * | 1981-09-18 | 1989-11-14 | Genentech, Inc. | Terminal methionyl bovine growth hormone and its use |
US4593002A (en) * | 1982-01-11 | 1986-06-03 | Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates, Inc. | Viruses with recombinant surface proteins |
US4446235A (en) * | 1982-03-22 | 1984-05-01 | Genentech, Inc. | Method for cloning human growth hormone varient genes |
US4670393A (en) * | 1982-03-22 | 1987-06-02 | Genentech, Inc. | DNA vectors encoding a novel human growth hormone-variant protein |
US4673641A (en) * | 1982-12-16 | 1987-06-16 | Molecular Genetics Research And Development Limited Partnership | Co-aggregate purification of proteins |
US4699897A (en) * | 1983-06-04 | 1987-10-13 | Amgen | Biologically active peptides structurally related to regions within growth hormones |
US4888286A (en) * | 1984-02-06 | 1989-12-19 | Creative Biomolecules, Inc. | Production of gene and protein analogs through synthetic gene design using double stranded synthetic oligonucleotides |
US4655160A (en) * | 1985-09-10 | 1987-04-07 | David R. Ligh | Deck box |
US5013653A (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1991-05-07 | Creative Biomolecules, Inc. | Product and process for introduction of a hinge region into a fusion protein to facilitate cleavage |
US5047333A (en) * | 1987-12-22 | 1991-09-10 | Eniricerche S.P.A. | Method for the preparation of natural human growth hormone in pure form |
US5223409A (en) * | 1988-09-02 | 1993-06-29 | Protein Engineering Corp. | Directed evolution of novel binding proteins |
US5663143A (en) * | 1988-09-02 | 1997-09-02 | Dyax Corp. | Engineered human-derived kunitz domains that inhibit human neutrophil elastase |
US5403484A (en) * | 1988-09-02 | 1995-04-04 | Protein Engineering Corporation | Viruses expressing chimeric binding proteins |
US5571698A (en) * | 1988-09-02 | 1996-11-05 | Protein Engineering Corporation | Directed evolution of novel binding proteins |
US5534617A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1996-07-09 | Genentech, Inc. | Human growth hormone variants having greater affinity for human growth hormone receptor at site 1 |
US5688666A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1997-11-18 | Genentech, Inc. | Growth hormone variants with altered binding properties |
US5350836A (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1994-09-27 | Ohio University | Growth hormone antagonists |
US5747334A (en) * | 1990-02-15 | 1998-05-05 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Random peptide library |
US5498538A (en) * | 1990-02-15 | 1996-03-12 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Totally synthetic affinity reagents |
US5427908A (en) * | 1990-05-01 | 1995-06-27 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Recombinant library screening methods |
US5580717A (en) * | 1990-05-01 | 1996-12-03 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Recombinant library screening methods |
US5723286A (en) * | 1990-06-20 | 1998-03-03 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Peptide library and screening systems |
US5432018A (en) * | 1990-06-20 | 1995-07-11 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Peptide library and screening systems |
US5770434A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1998-06-23 | Ixsys Incorporated | Soluble peptides having constrained, secondary conformation in solution and method of making same |
US6040136A (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 2000-03-21 | Genentech, Inc. | Enrichment method for variant proteins with altered binding properties |
US5750373A (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 1998-05-12 | Genentech, Inc. | Enrichment method for variant proteins having altered binding properties, M13 phagemids, and growth hormone variants |
US5780279A (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 1998-07-14 | Genentech, Inc. | Method of selection of proteolytic cleavage sites by directed evolution and phagemid display |
US5658727A (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1997-08-19 | The Scripps Research Institute | Heterodimeric receptor libraries using phagemids |
US5955341A (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1999-09-21 | The Scripps Research Institute | Heterodimeric receptor libraries using phagemids |
US5759817A (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1998-06-02 | The Scripps Research Institute | Heterodimeric receptor libraries using phagemids |
US5733743A (en) * | 1992-03-24 | 1998-03-31 | Cambridge Antibody Technology Limited | Methods for producing members of specific binding pairs |
US5770356A (en) * | 1992-09-04 | 1998-06-23 | The Scripps Research Institute | Phagemids coexpressing a surface receptor and a surface heterologous protein |
US5514548A (en) * | 1993-02-17 | 1996-05-07 | Morphosys Gesellschaft Fur Proteinoptimerung Mbh | Method for in vivo selection of ligand-binding proteins |
US5712089A (en) * | 1993-12-06 | 1998-01-27 | Bioinvent International Ab | Method of selecting specific bacteriophages |
US5811093A (en) * | 1994-04-05 | 1998-09-22 | Exponential Biotherapies, Inc. | Bacteriophage genotypically modified to delay inactivations by the host defense system |
US5516637A (en) * | 1994-06-10 | 1996-05-14 | Dade International Inc. | Method involving display of protein binding pairs on the surface of bacterial pili and bacteriophage |
US5627024A (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1997-05-06 | The Scripps Research Institute | Lambdoid bacteriophage vectors for expression and display of foreign proteins |
US5702892A (en) * | 1995-05-09 | 1997-12-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Phage-display of immunoglobulin heavy chain libraries |
US5622699A (en) * | 1995-09-11 | 1997-04-22 | La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation | Method of identifying molecules that home to a selected organ in vivo |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8911734B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2014-12-16 | Alderbio Holdings Llc | Methods of preventing or treating pain using anti-NGF antibodies that selectively inhibit the association of NGF with TrkA, without affecting the association of NGF with p75 |
US9067988B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2015-06-30 | Alderbio Holdings Llc | Methods of preventing or treating pain using anti-NGF antibodies |
US9078878B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2015-07-14 | Alderbio Holdings Llc | Anti-NGF antibodies that selectively inhibit the association of NGF with TrkA, without affecting the association of NGF with p75 |
US9539324B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2017-01-10 | Alderbio Holdings, Llc | Methods of preventing inflammation and treating pain using anti-NGF compositions |
US9718882B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2017-08-01 | Alderbio Holdings Llc | Anti-NGF antibodies that selectively inhibit the association of NGF with TrkA, without affecting the association of NGF with P75 |
US9738713B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2017-08-22 | Alderbio Holdings Llc | Methods of preventing or treating pain using anti-NGF antibodies |
US9783601B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2017-10-10 | Alderbio Holdings Llc | Methods of preventing inflammation and treating pain using anti-NGF compositions |
US9783602B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2017-10-10 | Alderbio Holdings Llc | Anti-NGF compositions and use thereof |
US9884909B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2018-02-06 | Alderbio Holdings Llc | Anti-NGF compositions and use thereof |
US10221236B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2019-03-05 | Alderbio Holdings Llc | Anti-NGF antibodies that selectively inhibit the association of NGF with TRKA without affecting the association of NGF with P75 |
US10227402B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2019-03-12 | Alderbio Holdings Llc | Anti-NGF antibodies and anti-NGF antibody fragments |
US10344083B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2019-07-09 | Alderbio Holdings Llc | Anti-NGF compositions and use thereof |
US10457727B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2019-10-29 | Alderbio Holdings Llc | Methods of preventing inflammation and treating pain using anti-NGF compositions |
US11214610B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2022-01-04 | H. Lundbeck A/S | High-purity production of multi-subunit proteins such as antibodies in transformed microbes such as Pichia pastoris |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2095633C (en) | 2003-02-04 |
DE69129154T2 (en) | 1998-08-20 |
US20080038717A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
US5821047A (en) | 1998-10-13 |
CA2095633A1 (en) | 1992-06-04 |
CA2405246A1 (en) | 1992-06-11 |
US5750373A (en) | 1998-05-12 |
US5834598A (en) | 1998-11-10 |
EP0564531B1 (en) | 1998-03-25 |
DK0564531T3 (en) | 1998-09-28 |
GR3026468T3 (en) | 1998-06-30 |
US20060115874A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
ATE164395T1 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
US6040136A (en) | 2000-03-21 |
EP0564531A1 (en) | 1993-10-13 |
WO1992009690A3 (en) | 1992-12-10 |
WO1992009690A2 (en) | 1992-06-11 |
DE69129154D1 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
ES2113940T3 (en) | 1998-05-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5834598A (en) | Human growth hormone variants | |
US5688666A (en) | Growth hormone variants with altered binding properties | |
US5780279A (en) | Method of selection of proteolytic cleavage sites by directed evolution and phagemid display | |
Lowman et al. | Selecting high-affinity binding proteins by monovalent phage display | |
CA2001774C (en) | Method for identifying active domains and amino acid residues in polypeptides and hormone variants | |
US5534617A (en) | Human growth hormone variants having greater affinity for human growth hormone receptor at site 1 | |
US6986986B1 (en) | Polyvalent display libraries | |
US6013478A (en) | Method for identifying active domains and amino acid residues in polypeptides and hormone variants | |
EP1127142B1 (en) | Modulation of polypeptide display on modified filamentous phage | |
JP2006104205A (en) | Human growth hormone variant | |
WO1998047343A9 (en) | Antibodies or binding protein libraries displayed on phage, cells, or other replicatable genetic packages | |
Gram et al. | Phage display as a rapid gene expression system: production of bioactive cytokine-phage and generation of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies | |
WO1995015982A2 (en) | Process for generating specific antibodies | |
JP2001503131A (en) | Compositions and methods for screening pharmaceutical libraries | |
JPH07303493A (en) | Production of recombinant and synthetic peptide and application thereof | |
JP3765959B2 (en) | Hormone variant |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |