US20090266407A1 - Transparent glass pane provided with a surface structure - Google Patents

Transparent glass pane provided with a surface structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090266407A1
US20090266407A1 US11/917,474 US91747406A US2009266407A1 US 20090266407 A1 US20090266407 A1 US 20090266407A1 US 91747406 A US91747406 A US 91747406A US 2009266407 A1 US2009266407 A1 US 2009266407A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
pane
motifs
assembly
pyramids
base
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Abandoned
Application number
US11/917,474
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English (en)
Inventor
Nils-Peter Harder
Ulf Blieske
Dirk Neumann
Marcus Neander
Michele Schiavoni
Patrick Gayout
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Publication date
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Assigned to SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE reassignment SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HARDER, NILS-PETER, NEUMANN, DIRK, BLIESKE, ULF, NEANDER, MARCUS, GAYOUT, PATRICK, SCHIAVONI, MICHELE
Publication of US20090266407A1 publication Critical patent/US20090266407A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
    • H01L31/02366—Special surface textures of the substrate or of a layer on the substrate, e.g. textured ITO/glass substrate or superstrate, textured polymer layer on glass substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
    • C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
    • C03B11/08—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses
    • C03B11/082—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses having profiled, patterned or microstructured surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B13/00—Rolling molten glass, i.e. where the molten glass is shaped by rolling
    • C03B13/08—Rolling patterned sheets, e.g. sheets having a surface pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B13/00—Rolling molten glass, i.e. where the molten glass is shaped by rolling
    • C03B13/16—Construction of the glass rollers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/10—Prisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/90—Arrangements for testing solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S80/52—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by the material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness

Definitions

  • the Invention relates to a pane, a method of manufacturing a transparent pane and a device for manufacturing a transparent pane and in particular a glass pane which is provided with a surface structure for capturing light.
  • the invention also relates to panes which have such surface structures, a device or a tool which is suitable to the implementation of the method as well as preferred uses of the panes.
  • EPO493202B1 are known transparent panes provided with regular surface structures in which a structure impressed in the substrate is formed of pyramid-shaped recesses that are identical to each other and which are separated from each other by distances smaller than the biggest dimension of the recesses.
  • the pyramids or truncated pyramids which are provided in them as a motif can be produced with a hexagonal or square base area but all have approximately plane side surfaces.
  • WO03/046617A1 the manufacture and use of transparent plates (panes) provided with surface structures in the form of geometric relief which should improve the transmission of light and the light efficiency in particular for panes which are combined with solar cells (that is to say photoelectric cells or photovoltaic cells) and photovoltaic solar modules in solar collectors, flat plasma discharge lamps, image projection screens and projectors.
  • the motifs of the geometric structure can in particular be concave with respect to the overall surface of the structured side of the pane, that is to say hot rolled into the initial substrate or formed in another appropriate way. In general, the motifs have a periodic shape, unlike that which is obtained by sandblasting or by etching methods.
  • the cause of the variation of the impression of brightness according to the position on the pane is as follows.
  • Structures which are entirely regular in the ideal case have a characteristic reflection motif in which, for a given angle of incidence of light, the reflection takes place in specified directions and no reflection takes place in angular ranges which are adjacent to them. If, in a zone of the glass, because of the production tolerances mentioned above, the structures are formed on the surface of the glass in a (slightly) different manner, the characteristic direction of reflection of that zone of the glass is oriented in another direction (another angle). The consequence is that situations appear in which an observer is in the direction of reflection for one part of the glass but not in the direction of reflection of the other part of the glass. Thus, one zone of the glass has a bright appearance (reflecting) and the other as a dark appearance. In principle, this effect also takes place on glass with a smooth surface, but which is for example curved, which also has a bright reflection appearance only at certain places for given positions of the sun and of the observer.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,411,493 discloses a pane for building windows which must contribute to energy saving both in summer (air-conditioning) and in winter (heating). By a linear motif of parallel lines, there is obtained with this configuration a reflection or absorption behavior which strongly depends on the angle of incidence of the light.
  • the invention proposes glazing solving the abovementioned problems as well as a method making it possible to impress, by embossing or rolling a surface of a transparent pane, a structure whose average light reflection intensity depends as little as possible on the angle of observation.
  • a device will also have to be created which is particularly well suited for implementing the method.
  • the surface of the substrate to be treated is embossed by a plurality of motifs identical or at least similar to a common basic motif but with depths and/or base areas which vary.
  • a more or less straight orientation of the individual embossed or rolled motifs is dispensed with in favor of less regular orientations, for example in the form of arcs of circle or of undulation, but, unlike irregular random structures (obtained for example by sandblasting or etching), a basic motif which varies to a greater or lesser degree is retained.
  • the pane in particular made of glass
  • the motifs are therefore at least partially different from each other.
  • the motifs on the surface of the pane are similar in their shapes (for example, they are all four-sided pyramids) but the orientation of their surfaces is not the same from one motif to another. It is possible to consider that the variation in the orientation of a surface of a motif amounts to rotating this surface about an axis perpendicular to the overall plane of the pane or about an axis parallel with the overall plane of the pane, or a combination of these two rotations.
  • a motif surface is rotated about an axis perpendicular to the pane when moving from one motif to another, the result is that the base lines of these motifs when aligned form zigzag lines. If a motif surface is rotated about an axis parallel with the plate which moving from one motif to another, the result is to vary the height or the depth of the motifs.
  • the shape of the individual motifs varies in surface with respect to the basic motif, but some basic motifs can of course be on the surface.
  • light trapping means a surface structure which optimizes the penetration of light into the substrate or into an absorber installed beneath the substrate, for example a solar cell.
  • Basic motifs which can be produced on the surface of a substrate as closely to each other as possible or directly joined to each other, and therefore for example pyramids or truncated pyramids which have a base area which is at least triangular (at least three sides) but preferably of the quadrilateral or hexagonal type and in particular a base area in which all of the sides are equal is preferred.
  • other basic motifs for example cones or truncated cones, and to modify them in the way proposed by the invention. In this case, it will obviously not be possible to avoid small intermediate spaces.
  • the individual motifs are directly adjacent to each other.
  • the variation according to the invention of the individual motifs relates to their depth/height and more precisely to their depth of penetration or their relief with respect to the ideally smooth surface of a substrate, and/or the shape or the perimeter of the base areas of the individual motifs.
  • the basic motifs can be pyramids in which the angles formed by the sides of the base areas are modified in steps.
  • the base areas of the pyramids are quadrilaterals
  • the said sides then being able to comprise two alignment lines (FL, FL′) which globally extend perpendicular to each other and which are both constituted by non-parallel base sides attached to the pyramids and starting from which the perimeters of the base areas of the pyramids are constructed by parallel step-by-step displacement.
  • the alignment lines (FL, FL′) can be globally symmetrical with respect to the global alignment line, which simply means that globally the same angles occur again between the lines FL and the global alignment line as between the lines FL′ and the global alignment line.
  • the alignment lines (FL, FL′) can follow a periodic undulation in their longitudinal development (that is to say in their global alignment line).
  • the base area sides of the motifs can be on either side of the global orientation of the alignment line.
  • the alignment lines (FL, FL′) can be constituted by the assembly of at least two groups of parts, the angular deviations with respect to the global direction of the alignment line for one of the two groups being oriented on one side of the global alignment line, and the angular deviations with respect to the global direction of the alignment line for the other group being formed towards the other side of the global alignment line.
  • deformations are also possible in the lateral surfaces of the actual individual motifs, these lateral surfaces can also be curved. Furthermore, it is obviously also possible to modify non-polygonal (round or oval) individual motifs by the method according to the invention and to bring them together in order to obtain an overall structure which does not have reflection peaks.
  • the angle of a lateral surface of a pyramid with respect to the ideal surface becomes more acute at a depth that is assumed identical when the base area of that pyramid is deformed into a diamond shape. If depth variations are superimposed, it is no longer possible to define dimensions and angles for each pyramid, and the global structure or the reflection direction or directions are very close to a random structure.
  • the reflection peaks described at the beginning cannot be excluded absolutely, but the embossed surface structure according to the invention makes it possible to avoid them to a very great degree and in a reproducible manner.
  • the variation of the basic motif can be achieved by varying the position of the peak of the motifs with respect to their base. This is particularly advantageous if it is not desired to vary the height or depth of the motifs and if it is desired that the alignment lines are well aligned in straight lines (particularly in the case of four-sided pyramids whose base area is a right-angled quadrilateral. In fact, simply by modifying the position of the peak, the orientation of the sides of the pyramids is modified, but on the contrary, in appearance to an observer, the motifs appear, a priori, as all identical. Moreover, as the depth or the height is not altered, it is possible to choose the optimal pyramid height, that is to say the largest that the chosen manufacturing process will allow, and this applies to all of the motifs.
  • the variations can be provided at will in small steps or also in sudden jumps and can be regular or irregular. They can be repeated periodically, even at periods smaller than the circumference of a rolling roll.
  • the surface of the rolling roller (or roller) can have periodic repetitions of “groups of motifs”. It is therefore possible for there to be several “repetition periods” on the circumference of said roll.
  • the periodic variation deliberately applied to the angle of reflection must vary in its absolute amplitude to a greater degree than the undesirable variation (caused by production) that it serves to mask.
  • the structured surfaces according to the invention could also obtain additional roughness by chemical or sandblasting means.
  • This type of roughness of the surfaces typically creates (at microscopic level) small surface structures which are essentially smaller that the structures according to the invention, which are of the order of magnitude of a few millimeters.
  • tests have shown that in solar cells, the light trapping that the macroscopic structures according to then invention aims to improve is degraded.
  • the invention also relates to the assembly comprising the pane according to the invention and an element capable of collecting the light energy traversing said pane, said element being placed facing said pane, said pane comprising the surface structure on the opposite face to said element.
  • the pane can therefore also have a structure on both faces but this is not necessary.
  • the surface structure is therefore imperatively at least on the side opposite to that of the light energy collector element.
  • the element can in particular be a photovoltaic cell or a body (such as a black body) intended to be heated by the light energy, such as for example a ducting or reservoir containing water that is required to be heated.
  • the pane and the element are generally juxtaposed, a resin having a refractive index greater than that of the material constituting the pane being placed if necessary between the pane and said photovoltaic cell.
  • a device according to the invention for the purpose of implementing the manufacturing method of these panes will comprise at least one tool (a roll or a flat embossing surface, for example the wall of a recess and of an injection mold) whose surface has a negative shape of the structure which must be impressed in the surface of the pane by contact with the tool.
  • a tool a roll or a flat embossing surface, for example the wall of a recess and of an injection mold
  • the plastically non-deformable material of the pane is raised to high temperature in contact with the tool and, by plastic deformation, the structuring which is defined by the tool progressively increases in the contact surface.
  • glass panes When glass panes are used, they will be chemically or thermally hardened according to requirements after having impressed the structure.
  • FIG. 1 shows a light intensity diagram of the reflection plotted with respect to a horizontal angle of observation for a constant vertical angle of observation, for a surface structure according to the prior art (aligned pyramids with square bases) and for a simulated surface structure according to the invention, in direct comparison,
  • FIG. 2 shows another light intensity diagram of the reflection plotted to the horizontal angle of observation for a constant vertical angle of observation for a simulated surface structure according to the invention in which the quadrilateral pyramid base area of the embossing has been deformed into diamond shapes having different angles,
  • FIGS. 3 a to 3 c show a comparison between the optical appearance of an existing motif and an embodiment according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of a surface structure according to the invention with variation of the perimeters of the base area of the individual motifs or basic motifs and
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section through a part of a pane provided with the surface structure according to the invention in order to show the variation of the depth of the individual elements of this structure for constant lateral dimensions.
  • FIG. 6 shows the pane of FIG. 5 struck by parallel solar rays and shows the variation of the orientation of the pyramid sides when moving from one motif to another.
  • FIG. 7 shows juxtaposed motifs of a pane according to the invention, seen in a direction perpendicular to its surface, the motifs all having a square base, but the point of said motifs varying position with respect to the base areas of the pyramids.
  • FIG. 1 can be seen two curves of different simulation of the intensity of the reflected light at an angle of observation of between ⁇ 90° and +90°.
  • the representation of reflection intensities at this angle of observation however relates to a constant height of the observer's eyes with respect to the imaginary surface of the roof (which carries the reflecting surface) and to a constant position of the sun during the displacement of the observer from ⁇ 90° to +90°.
  • Curve 1 (the reference curve) shows in these conditions a sharp point (thinner, more pointed) at an angle of observation of 30°.
  • This curve represents the reflection of a surface structure which is constituted by non-variable individual motifs.
  • the point of this reflection curve forms the strong reflection angle of the surface structure which the observer's eye perceives at that specific angle of observation.
  • the intensity of the reflection reduces very greatly as soon as the angle of observation varies slightly. This explains the phenomenon explained at the beginning of very irregular reflection of plates situated beside one another or of adjacent zones in one and the same glass plate.
  • curve 2 has a much flatter shape. It has been determined by optical simulation of a surface structure according to the invention which is constituted by the assembly of individual motifs whose base areas have variable parameters. This will be described again in more detail below.
  • FIG. 2 shows clearly that in a narrow defined range of angle of observation, the intensity of reflection greatly depends on the shape of the base area of the pyramids (diamonds).
  • This diagram contains several measurement curves of simulated surface structures which are all constituted by the assembly of identical pyramids (basic motifs), but the angle included between the sides of the parallelogram-shaped base areas is modified from one curve to another, and this is so from 75° to 90°, passing though 82°. The curves are all drawn with the associated included angle. All of the angles of opening are obviously measured in the same direction.
  • Another relative maximum is situated at an observation angle of about ⁇ 10°.
  • the average curve indicated by ⁇ which fictitiously gives the development of the intensity for a surface structure constituted by the assembly of different individual motifs, is much flatter than the reference curve ( FIG. 1 ) which was determined on the existing product.
  • the result of this is that the reflection intensity is greatly reduced for the angle of observation of reflection but that the reflection depends much less strongly on the angle of observation. Small modifications of the observation angle, whether in the plane or in height, no longer give rise to modifications of the reflected image that are too abrupt.
  • FIGS. 3 a , 3 b and 3 c show a comparison between parts of a flat glass produced and marketed by the applicant under the brand name “Albarino P” and having regular surface structures ( FIG. 3 a ) and a part with a surface structure according to the invention ( FIG. 3 c ).
  • the structural characteristics or basic motifs, namely pyramids impressed in the surface of a glass pane, are represented here only by their perimeters.
  • the length of a real pyramid side is about 2.5 mm for a comparative motif.
  • all of the pyramids are of the same size, to within the technical manufacturing capabilities, and have the same perimeter and the same depth.
  • the lateral sides of the pyramids which penetrate in depth have not been shown, only the edges or sides of the base area which are situated substantially in the overall surface of the pane have been shown.
  • sides of pyramids or sides will not be mentioned, that is to say the lateral surfaces (triangular) of the pyramids, but simply lines of the sides which are shown in a simplified manner in FIGS. 3 a to 3 c and 4 of the base areas of these pyramids.
  • the difference between the “conventional” motif and the motif according to the invention can be detected on real panes only after a more in-depth examination.
  • the motif according to the invention is deformed only in an almost invisible manner. It can however be seen with the naked eye that the external edges and/or the alignment lines of the part shown in FIG. 3 c oscillate slightly with respect to the structure according to the invention, whereas the known structure has lateral or alignment lines that are straight lines.
  • alignment lines here refers in a simplified manner to the lines which are formed by the successive identical sides of pyramids disposed directly one behind the other in rows. In FIG. 3 a , two arrows indicate these alignment lines.
  • the fundamental orientation of all of the alignment lines forms, as in the known structure of FIG. 3 a , an angle of 45° to the horizontal (of the figure).
  • a link between the two end points of alignment lines has at least approximately this angle of 45°.
  • the longitudinal directions of the sides of the successive pyramids along each alignment line are modified in steps, but their lengths remain unchanged.
  • a variation of the angle of the individual sides of the pyramids is superimposed on the general or global orientation of the alignment lines which results in the undulation of the alignment line in FIGS. 3 b and 3 c.
  • the orientations (setting angles) of two groups of pyramid sides are modified according to different rules.
  • the individual lines of these two groups are then assembled in an alternating manner in order to obtain an alignment line.
  • a continuous zigzag line is obtained upon which an undulation is superimposed.
  • the first group is constituted by eleven pyramid sides which, starting from a setting angle of 35°, are modified in steps of two degrees up to a setting angle of 45° and then return to a setting angle of 35°.
  • the second group is constituted by eleven other pyramid sides which, starting from a setting angle of 45°, are modified in steps of two degrees up to a setting angle of 55° and then return to an angle of 45°.
  • the two groups therefore have an angular range of 10° with respect to the basic dimension (direction) of 45°, each group containing differences only in one direction (and therefore a setting angle which is either ⁇ 45° or ⁇ 450).
  • the upper alignment line FL shown in FIG. 3 b is obtained, which is constituted by 22 individual pyramid sides of the same length.
  • a second alignment line FL′ which extends globally in a direction perpendicular to the first one (shown at the bottom in FIG. 3 b ) is created symmetrically to the alignment line FL on the horizontal axis.
  • the expression “globally perpendicular” here means that the global links already mentioned between the end points of two alignment lines are perpendicular to each other.
  • FIG. 3 c it is seen that in order to create the surface structure according to the invention with “regularly deformed” pyramid elements, the two alignment lines FL and FL′ assembled by their corners at their ends in FIG. 3 b are multiplied by parallel displacement along the side of a pyramid. Each time, an end of the displaced alignment line is placed exactly at the transition between two adjoining pyramid sides. In this way the resultant orientation of the parallel displacement is necessarily not always the same but depends on the angle of the pyramid side in question. Even though the displaced alignment line always retains the same length, the series of free ends of a series of parallel alignment lines exhibits the same profile of an alignment line which extends in a zigzag manner. This has been shown clearly in FIG. 3 c by the two outer closing alignment lines. It can be seen clearly that the alignment lines have been produced with a periodic undulation which can be continued with no problems on larger surfaces.
  • FIG. 4 once again shows the overall appearance of a structured surface according to the invention obtained with the construction method shown in FIG. 3 c .
  • Three pyramid base areas of the motif have been shown in the form of enlarged diamonds. They represent extreme deformations and an intermediate case. In the overall pattern, these shapes are not directly adjacent and can be separated from each other by one or more individual motifs which exhibit intermediate stages of the deformation, such that globally progressive transitions are obtained and therefore undulating or zigzag lines that are not very extreme.
  • FIG. 5 again shows an example of a possible variation of the depth of pyramids formed by embossing.
  • a pane V embossed according to the invention it can be seen that the depth of the pyramids disposed immediately beside one another is modified such that their deepest points can be connected to each other by an undulating line W.
  • the orientation of their lateral surfaces with respect to the global surface S of the pane also varies. This is more particularly conveyed with the help of FIG. 6 which shows parallel solar rays 3 coming at an angle of incidence to the pane.
  • the sides of the pyramids have been extended by straight lines in order to show clearly that these straight lines are not parallel and form different angles alpha 1 , alpha 2 and alpha 3 with the global plane of the plate.
  • the solar rays therefore strike the surfaces of the pyramids at different angles and they are therefore also reflected differently from one pyramid to another.
  • the perimeters of the pyramids have been drawn here in an idealized manner, without deviations caused by production.
  • FIG. 7 shows twelve juxtaposed motifs of a pane according to the invention, seen in a direction perpendicular to its surface.
  • the basic motif is a pyramid with four sides, that is to say one whose base area is a quadrilateral.
  • all of the individual motifs have the same base area and the same depth.
  • the base lines of the motifs are all aligned and the alignment lines are straight lines.
  • the alignment lines form two groups of lines perpendicular to each other. What changes from one motif to another is, firstly, the position of the peak 4 of the pyramids with respect to their respective bases. This variation of position gives rise to the variation of the orientations of the surfaces of the sides of the pyramids when moving from one pyramid to another.
  • each pyramid reflects light slightly differently in comparison with its neighbor.
  • This embodiment is very aesthetic because of the alignment of the base lines of the pyramids.
  • the basic motif is a square-based pyramid whose peak varies in position with respect to the base.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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US11/917,474 2005-06-16 2006-06-13 Transparent glass pane provided with a surface structure Abandoned US20090266407A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE102005027799.3 2005-06-16
DE102005027799A DE102005027799B4 (de) 2005-06-16 2005-06-16 Verfahren zum Herstellen einer transparenten Scheibe mit einer Oberflächenstruktur und Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens
PCT/FR2006/050551 WO2006134301A2 (fr) 2005-06-16 2006-06-13 Vitre transparente dotée d'une structure de surface

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US13/842,135 Division US8866008B2 (en) 2005-06-16 2013-03-15 Transparent glass pane provided with a surface structure
US15/427,955 Continuation US9978892B2 (en) 2005-06-16 2017-02-08 Transparent glass pane provided with a surface structure

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US13/842,135 Expired - Fee Related US8866008B2 (en) 2005-06-16 2013-03-15 Transparent glass pane provided with a surface structure
US15/427,955 Expired - Fee Related US9978892B2 (en) 2005-06-16 2017-02-08 Transparent glass pane provided with a surface structure

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US15/427,955 Expired - Fee Related US9978892B2 (en) 2005-06-16 2017-02-08 Transparent glass pane provided with a surface structure

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US (3) US20090266407A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1890976A2 (de)
JP (1) JP5324216B2 (de)
KR (1) KR101333645B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101296873B (de)
BR (1) BRPI0612240B1 (de)
DE (1) DE102005027799B4 (de)
IL (1) IL188132A (de)
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WO2013056747A1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-25 Omt Solutions Beheer B.V. Transparent optical panel, a solar module, and method of manufacturing the transparent optical panel
AT509563B1 (de) * 2010-03-01 2015-10-15 Hierzer Andreas Leuchte mit lichtausrichtungselementen
US9188723B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2015-11-17 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Patterns on glass for increased light transmission and/or light trapping
US9257580B2 (en) 2009-07-16 2016-02-09 Saint-Gobain Glass France Textured transparent plate and method of manufacturing such a plate
US20220024817A1 (en) * 2018-12-21 2022-01-27 Corning Incorporated Strengthened 3d printed surface features and methods of making the same

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EA019049B1 (ru) 2008-09-01 2013-12-30 Сэн-Гобэн Гласс Франс Способ получения стекла и полученное стекло
JP5303287B2 (ja) * 2009-01-21 2013-10-02 東芝機械株式会社 ガラス基板成形装置およびガラス基板成形方法
FR2941447B1 (fr) * 2009-01-23 2012-04-06 Saint Gobain Substrat en verre transparent et procede de fabrication d'un tel substrat.
DE102009006962A1 (de) 2009-01-31 2010-08-19 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Photovoltaikmodul
FR2941941B1 (fr) 2009-02-11 2011-02-18 Saint Gobain Fabrication de verre plat texture au flottage
FR2942623B1 (fr) 2009-02-27 2012-05-25 Saint Gobain Feuille de verre
FR2946335B1 (fr) 2009-06-05 2011-09-02 Saint Gobain Procede de depot de couche mince et produit obtenu.
FR2951157A1 (fr) 2009-10-12 2011-04-15 Saint Gobain Fritte de verre
FR2955101B1 (fr) 2010-01-11 2012-03-23 Saint Gobain Materiau photocatalytique et vitrage ou cellule photovoltaique comprenant ce materiau
FR2971519A1 (fr) 2011-02-16 2012-08-17 Saint Gobain Procede d’obtention d’un materiau photocatalytique
FR2978772B1 (fr) 2011-08-01 2013-08-02 Saint Gobain Photobioreacteur muni d'un empilement de couches minces selectif.
FR2979910B1 (fr) 2011-09-13 2014-01-03 Saint Gobain Materiau photocatalytique et vitrage ou cellule photovoltaique comprenant ce materiau
FR2982257A1 (fr) 2011-11-09 2013-05-10 Saint Gobain Feuille de verre
CN105564115A (zh) * 2015-12-15 2016-05-11 联想(北京)有限公司 具有三维花纹的玻璃块及在玻璃上生成三维花纹的方法
WO2020162449A1 (ja) * 2019-02-07 2020-08-13 凸版印刷株式会社 光学構造体およびアーティファクト低減方法
IL264782B (en) * 2019-02-11 2021-08-31 Shkalim Reuven A corrugated transparent top panel for either increasing or decreasing harvesting of solar radiation and methods thereof
FR3115157A1 (fr) * 2020-10-08 2022-04-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France Verre texture pour installation photovoltaique

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US4379202A (en) * 1981-06-26 1983-04-05 Mobil Solar Energy Corporation Solar cells
US5080725A (en) * 1987-12-17 1992-01-14 Unisearch Limited Optical properties of solar cells using tilted geometrical features
US5224978A (en) * 1990-12-21 1993-07-06 Saint-Gobain Vitrage International Method for making hot rolled diffusing glazings
US5771328A (en) * 1995-03-03 1998-06-23 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Light directing film having variable height structured surface and light directing article constructed therefrom
US20050039788A1 (en) * 2001-11-28 2005-02-24 Ulf Blieske Textured transparent panel having a high light transmission
US20060054212A1 (en) * 2004-09-10 2006-03-16 Fraas Lewis M Solar photovoltaic mirror modules

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9257580B2 (en) 2009-07-16 2016-02-09 Saint-Gobain Glass France Textured transparent plate and method of manufacturing such a plate
AT509563B1 (de) * 2010-03-01 2015-10-15 Hierzer Andreas Leuchte mit lichtausrichtungselementen
WO2013056747A1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-25 Omt Solutions Beheer B.V. Transparent optical panel, a solar module, and method of manufacturing the transparent optical panel
US9188723B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2015-11-17 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Patterns on glass for increased light transmission and/or light trapping
US20220024817A1 (en) * 2018-12-21 2022-01-27 Corning Incorporated Strengthened 3d printed surface features and methods of making the same
US11970421B2 (en) * 2018-12-21 2024-04-30 Corning Incorporated Strengthened 3D printed surface features and methods of making the same

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DE102005027799B4 (de) 2007-09-27
US8866008B2 (en) 2014-10-21
BRPI0612240A2 (pt) 2012-04-24
JP5324216B2 (ja) 2013-10-23
KR20080017354A (ko) 2008-02-26
CN101296873B (zh) 2011-10-19
IL188132A (en) 2013-10-31
US20130269769A1 (en) 2013-10-17
IL188132A0 (en) 2008-03-20
CN101296873A (zh) 2008-10-29
US20170148931A1 (en) 2017-05-25
KR101333645B1 (ko) 2013-11-27
US9978892B2 (en) 2018-05-22
JP2008543712A (ja) 2008-12-04
EP1890976A2 (de) 2008-02-27
DE102005027799A1 (de) 2006-12-21
BRPI0612240B1 (pt) 2017-09-12
WO2006134301A3 (fr) 2007-02-15
MX2007015996A (es) 2008-03-07
WO2006134301A2 (fr) 2006-12-21

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