Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/02—Details
  • H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
  • H01L31/02366—Special surface textures of the substrate or of a layer on the substrate, e.g. textured ITO/glass substrate or superstrate, textured polymer layer on glass substrate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
  • C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
  • C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
  • C03B11/08—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses
  • C03B11/082—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses having profiled, patterned or microstructured surfaces
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
  • C03B13/00—Rolling molten glass, i.e. where the molten glass is shaped by rolling
  • C03B13/08—Rolling patterned sheets, e.g. sheets having a surface pattern
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
  • C03B13/00—Rolling molten glass, i.e. where the molten glass is shaped by rolling
  • C03B13/16—Construction of the glass rollers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
  • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
  • C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
  • F24S23/10—Prisms
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
  • F24S40/90—Arrangements for testing solar heat collectors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
  • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
  • F24S80/52—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by the material
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/02—Details
  • H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness

Definitions

• the invention relates to a window, a method of manufacturing a transparent window and a device for producing a transparent window and in particular a glass pane which is provided with a surface structure for capturing the light.
• the invention also relates to panes that have such surface structures, a device or tool that is suitable for carrying out the method as well as preferred uses of the panes.
• EP0493202B1 discloses transparent glass panes with regular surface structures in which a printed structure in the substrate is formed of identical pyramidal troughs which are separated from each other by distances smaller than the largest dimension. hollows.
• the pyramids or truncated pyramids provided as a pattern may be made with a hexagonal or square base surface but all have approximately flat side surfaces.
• WO03 / 046617A1 discloses the manufacture and use of transparent plates
• the patterns of the geometric structure may in particular be concave with respect to the overall surface of the structured side of the pane, that is to say be hot-rolled in the starting substrate or be formed in another suitable manner.
• the patterns have a periodic shape, unlike what is obtained by sanding or by etching processes. For reasons of production technique (traversing speed, adhesion of the rolled material to the rolls, etc.) it is however not possible to reproduce this periodicity with the desired precision.
• undesirable periodic disturbances of the embossing operation can be added to it, for example because of dimensional deviations of the centering of the axis of the rolls when using the technique of manufacturing by rolling.
• the cause of the variation of the impression of clarity as a function of the position on the glass is as follows. Structures which are entirely regular in the ideal case have a characteristic reflection pattern in which for a given angle of incidence of light, the reflection takes place in certain directions and no reflection takes place in angular ranges which in are neighbors. If in a zone of the glass, because of the production tolerances mentioned above, the structures are formed on the surface of the glass (slightly) differently, the characteristic direction of reflection of this zone of the glass is oriented in another direction ( another angle). The consequence is that situations arise in which an observer is in the direction of reflection of one part of the glass but not in the direction of reflection of the other part of the glass. Thus, one area of the glass has a clear (reflective) aspect and the other looks dark. This effect, in principle, also takes place on smooth but curved surface glass, which also has a clear reflection aspect only in certain places for given positions of the sun and the observer.
• US4411493 teaches a glass for building windows that must contribute to energy saving both in summer (air conditioning) and in winter (heating). By a linear pattern of parallel lines, we obtain with this configuration a reflection or absorption behavior that strongly depends on the angle incidence of light.
• the invention proposes a glazing solution solving the aforementioned problems and a method for printing by embossing or rolling a surface of a transparent window a structure whose average intensity of light reflection depends as little as possible on the angle of observation. It will also be necessary to create a device which is particularly suitable for implementing the method.
• the surface of the substrate to be treated is embossed by a plurality of identical or at least similar patterns to a common basic pattern but with varying depths and / or base surfaces.
• a more or less rectilinear orientation of the individual embossed or rolled patterns is thus passed in favor of less regular orientations, for example in the form of an arc or a ripple, but difference random irregular structures (obtained for example by sandblasting or etching), we keep a basic pattern that varies more or less strongly.
• the glass (in particular glass) according to the invention has on at least one of its main surfaces a surface structure which consists of the assembly of individual patterns in relief, in particular pyramids, cones or trunks of cone, which can be created by embossing or rolling, the glass surface comprising a structure consisting of individual patterns based on one or more basic patterns, said individual patterns varying on the surface of the glass by their depth or height or the perimeter their base area or the position of their top relative to their base (the term "or” used between the different types of variations allows combinations of variations and is synonymous with and / or).
• the patterns are therefore at least partially different from each other.
• the patterns on the glass surface are similar in shape (for example, they are all pyramids to 4 faces) but the orientation of their surfaces is not the same from one pattern to another. It can be considered that the variation of the orientation of a surface of a pattern amounts to rotating this surface around an axis perpendicular to the overall plane of the pane or around an axis parallel to the overall plane of the pane, or a combination of these two rotations. If we turn a pattern surface around an axis perpendicular to the glass when we move from one pattern to another, we get that the baselines of these patterns form by their alignment, lines in zigzag.
• trapping light is meant here a surface structure that optimizes the penetration of light in the substrate or in an absorber installed below the substrate, for example a solar cell.
• the effect of trapping the light of a structured surface is all the better as the elements of the structure are more tightly compacted.
• basic patterns those which can be produced on the surface of a substrate in such close proximity to one another or in direct connection with one another, and thus for example pyramids or truncated pyramids, which are a base surface at least triangular
• the individual patterns are directly adjacent to each other.
• the variation according to the invention of the individual patterns concerns their depth / height and more precisely their depth of penetration or their relief with respect to the ideally smooth surface of a substrate, and / or the shape or the perimeter basic surfaces of the individual patterns.
• the penetration depth of the individual patterns can not be increased at will for technical reasons, because the substrates available do not have any thickness (these thicknesses being between 3 and 6 mm) and in addition, it is also necessary to take into account the problems of separation between the substrate and the structuring tool. Thus, for the lateral dimensions and thicknesses of glass currently used, penetration depths greater than about 1.0-0.9 mm are difficult to achieve.
• depth variation can only be achieved by decreasing depth "Optimal".
• this results in a decrease in the flank angle of the structures and thus a decrease in the effect of light trapping by the structure as well as a decrease in efficiency, especially in solar applications.
• a decrease in the light-trapping effect could furthermore even result in new problems of enhanced reflection at certain angles.
• the aim is to optimize the effect of trapping light that can ultimately be obtained by embossing.
• the deepest points or the highest points of the individual patterns may not extend in a straight line, in particular may follow an oscillating line.
• the basic patterns may be pyramids whose opening angles between the sides of the base surfaces are changed in steps.
• the basic patterns can be varied by varying the opening angle between the sides of said base surface, said sides then being able to comprise two lines.
• alignment members FL, FL '
• the alignment lines (FL, FL ') can be globally symmetrical, with respect to the global alignment line, which simply means that globally we find substantially the same angles between the lines FL and the overall line of alignment between the lines FL 'and the global alignment line.
• the alignment lines (FL, FL ') can follow a periodic undulation of their longitudinal development (that is to say their overall alignment line).
• the base surface sides of the patterns in particular pyramids
• the base surface sides of the patterns can go on either side of the orientation overall alignment line.
• the alignment lines (FL, FL ') may consist of the assembly of at least two groups of parts, the angular deviations with respect to the overall direction of the alignment line for one of the two groups being oriented on one side of the overall alignment line, and the angular deviations from the overall direction of the alignment line for the other group being formed towards the other side of the overall alignment line.
• deformations are also possible in the lateral surfaces of the individual patterns themselves, these lateral surfaces can also be curved.
• the angle of a lateral surface of a pyramid relative to the ideal surface becomes more acute (acute) at a depth that is assumed to be identical when the base surface of this pyramid is deformed into a diamond shape. If we superimpose variations of depth, we can no longer define for each pyramid dimensions and angles, and the overall structure or the direction or directions of reflection strongly approach a random structure.
• the reflection peaks described at the beginning can not be excluded absolutely, but the embossed surface structure according to the invention makes it possible to avoid them very widely and in a reproducible manner.
• the variation of the basic pattern can be achieved by varying the position of the top of the patterns relative to their base. This is particularly advantageous if one does not want to vary the height and the depth of the patterns and if one wants the alignment lines are well aligned along lines (in particular in the case of pyramids with four faces and whose the base area is a quadrilateral at right angles). In fact, simply by modifying the position of the vertex, the orientation of the faces of the pyramids is modified, but for an observer, on the other hand, the motifs appear to him to be all identical. Moreover, as we do not play on the depth or the height, we can choose the optimal height of pyramid, that is to say the strongest that allows the method of manufacture chosen, and this for all the reasons .
• Variations may be provided in small steps or jumps and may be regular or irregular. They can be repeated periodically, even at periods smaller than the circumference of a rolling cylinder. So, the surface of the roll
• the deliberate periodic variation in the angle of reflection must vary in absolute magnitude more strongly than the undesirable (production-induced) variation it serves to mask.
• the structured surfaces according to the invention could still obtain additional roughness chemically or by sandblasting.
• This type of surface roughness typically creates (at the microscopic level) small surface structures which are essentially smaller than the structures according to the invention, which are of the order of magnitude of a few millimeters.
• tests have shown that in solar cells, the trapping of light that is aimed at improving with the macroscopic structures according to the invention is degraded.
• the invention also relates to the assembly comprising the pane according to the invention and an element capable of collecting the light energy passing through said pane, said element being placed in front of said pane, said pane comprising the surface structure of the opposite side to said pane. element.
• the window can therefore also have a structure on both sides but this is not necessary.
• the surface structure is therefore imperatively at least on the opposite side to the light energy collecting element.
• the element may in particular be a photocell or a body (such as a black body) intended to be heated by light energy, such as a pipe or tank containing water that is desired to heat.
• the glass and the element are generally juxtaposed, a resin of refractive index greater than that of the material constituting the glass being optionally placed between the glass and said cell. photoelectric.
• a device according to the invention for the implementation of the manufacturing process of these panes will comprise at least one tool (a cylinder or a flat embossing surface, for example the wall of a concavity and a mold of injection) whose surface has a negative form of the structure to be printed in the surface of the window in contact with the tool.
• the plastically indeformable material of the window is brought to high temperature in contact with the tool and, by plastic deformation, the structuring which is defined by the tool increases gradually in its contact surface.
• the tolerances mentioned above with respect to an ideal structure obviously can not be avoided, but they can be reduced by harmonizing the detail structures of the tool with the behavior of the particular material of the window.
• glass panes When glass panes are used, they will be chemically or thermally tempered as needed after the structure has been printed.
• FIG. 1 represents a diagram of the luminous intensity of the reflection related to the horizontal observation angle for a constant vertical observation angle, for a surface structure according to the prior art (square-based aligned pyramids) and a simulated surface structure according to the invention, in a direct comparison
• FIG. 2 represents another diagram of the luminous intensity of the reflected reflection with respect to the horizontal observation angle for a constant vertical observation angle for a simulated surface structure according to the invention in which the base surface Pyramid quadrilateral embossing has been deformed into lozenges of different angles
• FIGS. 3a to 3c represent a comparison between the optical appearance of an existing pattern and an embodiment according to the invention
• FIG. 4 represents an enlarged view of a surface structure according to the invention with variation of the perimeters of the base surface of the individual patterns or of the basic patterns and
• Figure 5 shows a section through a portion of a window with the surface structure according to the invention to show the variation of the depth of the individual elements of this structure for constant lateral dimensions.
• Figure 6 shows the window of Figure 5 hit by parallel sunrays and shows the variation in orientation of the pyramid sides as we move from one pattern to another.
• Figure 7 shows juxtaposed patterns of a window according to the invention, viewed perpendicularly to its surface, the patterns being all square based, but the tip of said patterns varying in position relative to the base surfaces of the pyramids.
• the relevant (structured) surface of the glass is At an angle of 35 ° to the horizontal
• the sunlight hits this surface at an angle of 38 ° to the vertical
• the observer looks at this surface at an angle of -10 ° to the 'horizontal and it revolves around a fixed point of vision along a horizontal arc. This arc is taken again on the axis "angle of observation”.
• Curve 1 (reference) has under these conditions a sharp point (finer, more pointed) at an observation angle of 30 °.
• This curve represents the reflection of a surface structure that consists of non-variable individual patterns.
• the point of this reflection curve forms the angle of strong reflection of the surface structure that the eye of the observer perceives at this defined angle of observation.
• the intensity of the reflection decreases very strongly as soon as the angle of observation varies slightly. This explains the phenomenon explained at the beginning of very irregular reflection plates located next to each other or neighboring areas on a single plate of glass.
• curve 2 has a much flatter shape. It has been determined by optical simulation of a surface structure according to the invention which consists of the assembly of individual patterns whose base surfaces have variable perimeters. We will come back to it in more detail later.
• Figure 2 clearly shows that in a narrow defined range of viewing angle, the reflection intensity strongly depends on the shape of the base surface of the pyramids (diamonds).
• This diagram contains several simulated surface structure measurement curves which all consist of the assembly of identical pyramids (basic patterns), but the opening angle between the sides of the base surfaces in parallelograms is changed by one. curve to another, from 75 ° to 90 ° through 82 °. The curves are all drawn with the associated opening angle. All opening angles are obviously measured in the same orientation.
• the average curve designated by 0 which fictitiously gives the evolution of the intensity of a surface structure consisting of the assembly of different individual patterns is therefore much flatter than the reference curve (FIG. 1) which has been determined on the existing product.
• the intensity of the reflection is greatly reduced for the angle of observation in reflection, but the reflection depends much less on the angle of observation. Small changes in viewing angle, either in the plane or at the height, no longer lead to abrupt changes in the reflected image.
• FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c show a comparison between parts of a flat glass product manufactured and marketed by the applicant under the trademark "Albarino P” and with regular surface structures (FIG. 3a) with part of a surface structure according to the invention ( Figure 3c).
• the structural features or basic patterns, ie the pyramids printed in the surface of a glass pane, are represented here only by their perimeter.
• the length of a real pyramid side is about 2.5 mm for a comparative pattern.
• all the pyramids are of the same size within the technical possibilities of manufacture and have the same perimeter and the same depth.
• the lateral sides of the pyramids which sink deeply have not been represented, only the edges or sides of the base surface which are located substantially in the overall surface of the window being represented.
• the differences between the "classic" pattern and the pattern according to the invention can only be detected on actual windows after further examination. Compared to the actual pattern in a regular straight line, the pattern according to the invention is deformed only almost invisibly. However, it can be seen with the naked eye that the outer edges and / or the alignment lines of the part shown in FIG. 3c oscillates slightly with respect to the structure according to the invention, whereas the known structure has lateral lines or alignment in a straight line.
• alignment lines is meant here in a simplified manner lines which are formed by successive identical sides of pyramids arranged directly behind one another in rows. In Figure 3a, two arrows designate these alignment lines.
• the fundamental orientation of all the alignment lines forms, as in the known structure of FIG. 3a, an angle of 45 ° with respect to the horizontal (of the figure).
• a connection between the two alignment line end points has at least approximately this 45 ° angle.
• the longitudinal directions of the sides of the successive pyramids along each alignment line are modified in steps, but their lengths remain unchanged.
• superimposing according to the invention to the general or overall orientation of the alignment lines a variation of the angle of the individual sides of the pyramids which causes the corrugation of the alignment line in the figures 3b and 3c.
• the orientations (exposure angles) of two groups of pyramid sides are modified according to different rules.
• the individual lines of these two groups are then assembled alternately to obtain the alignment line.
• a continuous zigzag line is thus obtained, on which a corrugation is superimposed.
• the first group consists of eleven sides of pyramids which, from a laying angle of 35 °, are changed in steps of two degrees to a laying angle of 45 ° to return then to an angle of pose of 35 °.
• the second group consists of eleven other sides of pyramids which, from a laying angle of 45 °, are modified in steps of two degrees to a laying angle of 55 ° and then back to a 45 ° angle .
• the two groups therefore have an angular range of 10 O with respect to the basic dimension (direction) of 45 °, each group containing deviations only in one direction (and therefore a laying angle which is either> 45 ° ie ⁇ 45 °).
• the upper FL alignment line shown in FIG. 3b which consists of the 22 sides of individual pyramids of the same length, is obtained.
• a second alignment line FL ' extending generally to the perpendicular of the first
• FIG. 3c it can be seen that in order to create the surface structure according to the invention with "regularly deformed" pyramid elements, the two alignment lines FL and FL 'assembled by their corners at their ends are multiplied in the Figure 3b by parallel displacement along the side of a pyramid. Each time, one end of the alignment line displaced is placed exactly at the transition between two adjoining sides of pyramids. It is thus necessary to obtain that the orientation of the parallel displacement is not always the same but depends on the angle of the pyramid side concerned. Although the misaligned alignment line still retains the same length, the series of free ends of a series of parallel alignment lines has the same profile of an alignment line that extends in a zigzag pattern. It is clearly shown in Figure 3c by the two outer lines of closure alignment. It is clear that the alignment lines were made with a periodic wave that can be continued without problem on larger areas.
• Figure 4 shows again the overall appearance of a structured surface according to the invention obtained with the construction method shown in Figure 3c.
• Three basic pyramid surfaces of the pattern have been highlighted as enlarged lozenges. They represent extreme deformations and an intermediate case.
• these shapes are not directly adjacent and can be separated from each other by one or more individual patterns that have intermediate stages of deformation, so that overall progressive transitions and thus lines are generally obtained. wavy or zigzag little extreme.
• any "endless" and seamless surface can be structured, as in the conventional variant represented in FIG. 3a. .
• FIG. 5 again represents an example of a possible variation of the depth of pyramids formed by embossing.
• an embossed window V according to the invention, it can be seen that the depth of the pyramids arranged immediately next to each other is modified so that their deepest point can be connected to one another by a wavy line W.
• FIG. 6 shows parallel solar rays 3 coming into incidence towards the window.
• the sides of the pyramids have been extended by lines to show that these lines are not parallel and form different angles alpha, alpha2 and alpha3 with the overall plane of the plate. The solar rays hit the surfaces of the pyramids with different angles and they are reflected also differently from one pyramid to another.
• FIG. 7 represents twelve juxtaposed patterns of a window according to the invention, seen perpendicular to its surface.
• the basic pattern is a pyramid with four faces, that is to say whose base surface is a quadrilateral.
• all the individual patterns have the same base area and the same depth.
• the baselines of the patterns are all aligned and the alignment lines are straight lines.
• the alignment lines form two groups of lines perpendicular to each other. What changes from one pattern to another is first the position of the top 4 of the pyramids relative to their respective bases. This variation of position causes the variation of the orientations of the surfaces of the sides of the pyramids when one passes from one pyramid to another.
• each pyramid therefore reflects the light in reflection in a way a little different from its neighbor.
• This embodiment is very aesthetic because of the alignment of the baselines of the pyramids.
• the basic pattern is a square-based pyramid whose apex varies position relative to the base.

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• 2005
  • 2005-06-16 DE DE102005027799A patent/DE102005027799B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2006
  • 2006-06-13 JP JP2008516391A patent/JP5324216B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-06-13 CN CN2006800212460A patent/CN101296873B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-06-13 KR KR1020077029101A patent/KR101333645B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2006-06-13 WO PCT/FR2006/050551 patent/WO2006134301A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2006-06-13 US US11/917,474 patent/US20090266407A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-06-13 BR BRPI0612240-0A patent/BRPI0612240B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-06-13 MX MX2007015996A patent/MX2007015996A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2006-06-13 EP EP06778929A patent/EP1890976A2/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2007
  • 2007-12-13 IL IL188132A patent/IL188132A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2013
  • 2013-03-15 US US13/842,135 patent/US8866008B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2017
  • 2017-02-08 US US15/427,955 patent/US9978892B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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