US20090266075A1 - Process and device for using of low temperature heat for the production of electrical energy - Google Patents

Process and device for using of low temperature heat for the production of electrical energy Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090266075A1
US20090266075A1 US12/375,980 US37598007A US2009266075A1 US 20090266075 A1 US20090266075 A1 US 20090266075A1 US 37598007 A US37598007 A US 37598007A US 2009266075 A1 US2009266075 A1 US 2009266075A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
heat
expansion
pressure
source
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Abandoned
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US12/375,980
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English (en)
Inventor
Siegfried Westmeier
Daniel Nestke
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TECHNIKUM Corp
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TECHNIKUM Corp
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Assigned to TECHNIKUM CORPORATION reassignment TECHNIKUM CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NESTKE, DANIEL, WESTMEIER, SIEGFRIED
Publication of US20090266075A1 publication Critical patent/US20090266075A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the using of low temperature heat for the production of electrical energy by using of supercritical carbon dioxide as working fluid.
  • Task invention is developing a process for using low temperature heat for the production of electric power with a higher efficiency and a broader working range as known processes and a simple device for the realization of this process with a low material effort and with a low environmental hazard.
  • the wider working range and wider adjustment range are loading to optimal processing in relation to local conditions and climate, e.g. summer or winter operation without constructive changes and minimization of the production of carbon dioxide.
  • the task is solved by using high-pressured supercritical carbon dioxide as heat transfer medium, which takes off low temperature heat from a heat source, after them is expanded labor-producing in an expansion turbine, which is connected with a generator, as a result is cooled, then by using of a cold source is liquefied and in liquid state is pressured to the working pressure.
  • the process implied at least an external heat source (1), an expansion machine (2) connected with a generator (3), a heat exchanger with liquefier (4) and a pump (5) for compressing liquid carbon dioxide to supercritical pressures and a carbon dioxide storage (6) as soon as control devices and valves belonging to it, characterized in that carbon dioxide is used as the heat transfer medium and working fluid.
  • the carbon dioxide will be liquefied at low temperatures, compressed in the liquid state to high supercritical pressures, at these pressures buffered for heat exchange process, taken off the thermal energy at this pressure from a heat source (1) and labor-producing expanded due an expansion machine (2) with an connected generator (3).
  • carbon dioxide will be cooled and the final temperature will be controlled by the wanted pressure for the liquefaction.
  • the region is very interest too because their easy thermodynamic terms for the heat exchange by using of low temperature heat. That is caused by relatively high values of the heat capacity, low values of the viscosity and a heat conductivity comparable to steam.
  • thermodynamic usable range of state is limited to low temperatures by the triple point of carbon dioxide at temperature of nearly 217 K and a pressure of 0.55 MPa. To higher temperatures and pressures there are no limitations for thermodynamic reasons, but for the practical use in relation to the material of the expansion machines and the heat exchangers.
  • the process will be used as a combination of a gas power station with natural heat and cold potentials. Big amounts of carbon dioxide will be stored in the buffers of carbon dioxide and used immediately in a discontinuous working and by expansion for the production of electrical power too without significant start-up and shut-down periods.
  • the start of development of the storage for carbon dioxide is made by winning carbon dioxide from the exhaust air by condensation of water for removing (drying) first and after then the carbon dioxide by compression over 5 MPa, cooling to a temperature of 281 to 283 K and condensing. Cooling is made by the earth temperature in 3 to 30 meters depth.
  • the liquid carbon dioxide is collected and given through the buffer storage into the underground storage. A part of this can be used for substituting losses of the circuit in the liquid range.
  • the carbon dioxide circuit For commissioning the plant the carbon dioxide circuit must be filled with carbon dioxide from other sources.
  • the surrounding air temperature for cooling when the temperature is below 278 K. Then can be is used a lower pressure for the liquefaction, depending from the real air temperature.
  • the fundamental principle of the application of the process and the device for using of the waste energy of an energy generation plant by using the earth as cooling source for condensation of the working fluid carbon dioxide is shown in the picture.
  • Three different heat potentials at 363 K, 373 K und 623 K are used exemplary as heat sources at the working pressure at 15 MPa in the examples I to III.
  • As expansion machine (2) is used an expansion turbine.
  • the earth heat potential in the depths of 8 to 30 meters is used as cold source (4) for the condensation of the working fluid carbon dioxide which was expanded to 4.5 MPa.
  • a pressure chamber (6) will used as a temporary storage.
  • the pipes for the carbon dioxide circuit are the lines 7 to 11 according to the picture. The calculation of the examples was made with the program EBSILON Professional.
  • example IV of the second part of the table is calculated the situation of example II (heat source at 373 K) with a lower air temperature of 271 K, which is characteristic for the winter, as cold source (4) and their using by air coolers. For this it is given a lower turbine output pressure of 3.7 MPa.
  • the efficiency of energy generation plant is 1.3% better than in example II. This result is important especially of regions with low temperatures as well as for using of geothermic energy and power stations.
  • the heat source (1) of the process was the waste energy.
  • the waste energy is used at the given temperature levels 363 K, 373 K, and 623 K and should be used energetically.
  • the fluid carbon dioxide is streaming from the underground buffer (6) with a pressure of 15 MPa and temperatures of 293.5 K (examples I to III) and 284.5 K (example IV) through the heat exchanger (1), heated at the given temperatures to 363 K (example I), 373 K (example II and IV), and 623 K (example III), streaming through a control valve to an expansion turbine (2), expanding labor-producing from 15 MPa to 4.5 MPa (examples I to III) or rather 3.7 MPa (example IV) and driving on this way a with the turbine connected generator (3).
  • the carbon dioxide was expanded into an underground pipe network as the cold source (4) to a temperature of 281 K in the examples I to III.
  • the carbon dioxide is liquefied at this temperature because the long retention period of the carbon dioxide in the pipe network.
  • An air cooler was used as the cold source (4) at 271 K in the example IV and the carbon dioxide was expanded to a pressure of 3.7 MPa.
  • the liquid carbon dioxide is going through a heat isolated pipe (9) to the liquid pump (5), compressed to a pressure of 15 MPa, and stored in the buffer (6).
  • the work for the compression of the liquid carbon dioxide is lower than 30% of the produced energy.
  • the netto-efficiency of the process is given in the table. The efficiency is increased at higher heat potentials and lower cold sources are usable, e.g. by using of the expansion cold of natural gas and can reach at 373 K efficiencies of nearly 25%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
US12/375,980 2006-07-31 2007-07-31 Process and device for using of low temperature heat for the production of electrical energy Abandoned US20090266075A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006035272.6 2006-07-31
DE102006035272A DE102006035272B4 (de) 2006-07-31 2006-07-31 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Nutzung von Niedertemperaturwärme zur Stromerzeugung
PCT/DE2007/001351 WO2008014774A2 (de) 2006-07-31 2007-07-31 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur nutzung von niedertemperaturwärme zur stromerzeugung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20090266075A1 true US20090266075A1 (en) 2009-10-29

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US12/375,980 Abandoned US20090266075A1 (en) 2006-07-31 2007-07-31 Process and device for using of low temperature heat for the production of electrical energy

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20090266075A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2078140A2 (de)
KR (1) KR20090035735A (de)
AU (1) AU2007280834A1 (de)
CA (1) CA2662463A1 (de)
DE (1) DE102006035272B4 (de)
RU (1) RU2009106716A (de)
WO (1) WO2008014774A2 (de)

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US20110081586A1 (en) * 2009-02-17 2011-04-07 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for sustainable economic development through integrated full spectrum production of renewable energy
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US20110192178A1 (en) * 2010-02-11 2011-08-11 Ternel Cyprien Device for controlling a working fluid with low freezing point circulating in a closed circuit operating according to a rankine cycle and method using same
WO2012049259A1 (en) 2010-10-14 2012-04-19 Energreen Heat Recovery As Method and system for the utilization of an energy source of relatively low temperature
WO2012047572A3 (en) * 2010-09-27 2012-07-12 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method and system to produce electric power
CN102606240A (zh) * 2012-03-27 2012-07-25 中国科学院微电子研究所 一种利用co2发电的系统及方法
US20130247570A1 (en) * 2012-03-24 2013-09-26 General Electric Company System and method for recovery of waste heat from dual heat sources
US8613195B2 (en) 2009-09-17 2013-12-24 Echogen Power Systems, Llc Heat engine and heat to electricity systems and methods with working fluid mass management control
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US8616323B1 (en) 2009-03-11 2013-12-31 Echogen Power Systems Hybrid power systems
JP2014500424A (ja) * 2010-10-18 2014-01-09 エクスパンション エナジー， エルエルシー 液体空気の製造、電力貯蔵及び電力放出のためのシステム及び方法
US8783034B2 (en) 2011-11-07 2014-07-22 Echogen Power Systems, Llc Hot day cycle
US8808529B2 (en) 2009-02-17 2014-08-19 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for sustainable economic development through integrated full spectrum production of renewable material resources using solar thermal
US8814983B2 (en) 2009-02-17 2014-08-26 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Delivery systems with in-line selective extraction devices and associated methods of operation
US8813497B2 (en) 2009-09-17 2014-08-26 Echogen Power Systems, Llc Automated mass management control
US8857186B2 (en) 2010-11-29 2014-10-14 Echogen Power Systems, L.L.C. Heat engine cycles for high ambient conditions
US20140305125A1 (en) * 2011-04-21 2014-10-16 Emmaljunga Barnvagnsfabrik Ab Working fluid for rankine cycle
WO2014171892A1 (en) * 2013-04-18 2014-10-23 Lien Chiow Tan Green engine
US8869531B2 (en) 2009-09-17 2014-10-28 Echogen Power Systems, Llc Heat engines with cascade cycles
US9014791B2 (en) 2009-04-17 2015-04-21 Echogen Power Systems, Llc System and method for managing thermal issues in gas turbine engines
US9062898B2 (en) 2011-10-03 2015-06-23 Echogen Power Systems, Llc Carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle
US9091278B2 (en) 2012-08-20 2015-07-28 Echogen Power Systems, Llc Supercritical working fluid circuit with a turbo pump and a start pump in series configuration
US9097152B2 (en) 2009-02-17 2015-08-04 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Energy system for dwelling support
US9118226B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2015-08-25 Echogen Power Systems, Llc Heat engine system with a supercritical working fluid and processes thereof
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US9341084B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2016-05-17 Echogen Power Systems, Llc Supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle for waste heat recovery
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CN105971678A (zh) * 2016-05-10 2016-09-28 石家庄新华能源环保科技股份有限公司 一种利用超临界二氧化碳供能的系统
US9638065B2 (en) 2013-01-28 2017-05-02 Echogen Power Systems, Llc Methods for reducing wear on components of a heat engine system at startup
US9657601B2 (en) 2011-12-02 2017-05-23 Mikhael Mitri Device and method for utilizing the waste heat of an internal combustion engine, in particular for utilizing the waste heat of a vehicle engine
US9752460B2 (en) 2013-01-28 2017-09-05 Echogen Power Systems, Llc Process for controlling a power turbine throttle valve during a supercritical carbon dioxide rankine cycle
US9835083B2 (en) 2010-03-30 2017-12-05 Stephen L. Cunningham Oscillating piston engine
US9869272B1 (en) * 2011-04-20 2018-01-16 Martin A. Stuart Performance of a transcritical or supercritical CO2 Rankin cycle engine
US10227918B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2019-03-12 Martin A. Stuart Polygon oscillating piston engine
CN110748391A (zh) * 2019-10-10 2020-02-04 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 超临界二氧化碳耦合lng冷能发电系统及方法
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CA2662463A1 (en) 2008-02-07
RU2009106716A (ru) 2010-09-10
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