WO2014081329A1 - Method for creating electrical energy - Google Patents
Method for creating electrical energy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014081329A1 WO2014081329A1 PCT/RU2012/000962 RU2012000962W WO2014081329A1 WO 2014081329 A1 WO2014081329 A1 WO 2014081329A1 RU 2012000962 W RU2012000962 W RU 2012000962W WO 2014081329 A1 WO2014081329 A1 WO 2014081329A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- working fluid
- transferred
- storage device
- turbine
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/028—Steam generation using heat accumulators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
- F22B35/06—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type
- F22B35/08—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type of forced-circulation type
- F22B35/083—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type of forced-circulation type without drum, i.e. without hot water storage in the boiler
- F22B35/086—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type of forced-circulation type without drum, i.e. without hot water storage in the boiler operating at critical or supercritical pressure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for creating electrical energy according to the preamble of claim 1.
- heat storage has to be employed in order to provide a constant electrical power generation capacity.
- the heat generated by the heat source is stored in a heat storage fluid or other material and from there transferred to the working fluid of a thermodynamic cycle, most often to water in a water-steam-cycle.
- Heat storage materials in current use include salt
- Liquid salt can also be used as heat transfer fluid. Such media are however very abrasive and therefore difficult to pump and to distribute within heat exchangers. Due to their high melting points, liquid salts always have to be kept above a certain minimum temperature to avoid crystallization within the heat transport system.
- heat is transferred from a heat source to a heat storage medium in a heat storage device via a heat transfer fluid and the stored heat is transferred to a working fluid of a thermodynamic cycle, in which the heated working fluid drives a turbine.
- supercritical carbon dioxide is used as heat transfer medium.
- Carbon dioxide is an
- water is used as working fluid. This allows usage the described method with minimal modification to current power plants based on water- steam-cycles .
- the working pressure of the heat transfer medium is kept at a relatively low value of 60-100 bar, in particular 80 bar.
- supercritical carbon dioxide is used as working fluid.
- This allows for a particularly simple design, since the internal tubing of the heat storage device can be used for charging and discharging the heat storage device.
- This makes the use of a separate evaporator for the thermodynamic cycle unnecessary.
- the cycle itself can be operated on the Brayton principle, which is particularly efficient for lower working temperatures, making this aspect of the invention well suited for utilizing waste heat or the like.
- remaining heat of the working fluid after passage through the turbine is transferred to a secondary working fluid and utilized in a waste heat usage process.
- This can be used independently or coupled with the aforementioned regeneration and further improves the overall efficiency by making residual heat available for low temperature processes, such as e.g. water treatment.
- FIG 1 A schematic representation of a power generation plant based on a water-steam-cycle and operated by an embodiment of a method according to the invention.
- FIG 2 A schematic representation of a power generation plant based on a carbon dioxide Brayton cycle and operated by an embodiment of a method according to the invention.
- a power plant 10 uses an intermittent heat source, such as a solar-thermal heat collection system, which is not shown in the figures, to heat supercritical carbon dioxide in a first fluid loop 12.
- heat from the transfer fluid is used to charge a heat storage device 14. This can be implemented as a tank filled with a phase change material or
- the internal tubing 16 is connected to a heat exchanger 18.
- Liquid water enters the heat exchanger 18 via the line 20 and gets evaporated by the transferred heat.
- the resulting steam is directed via line 22 to a turbine 24 and expanded.
- the kinetic energy of the turbine 24 is used to drive a generator 26 and produce electricity.
- the cooled steam After passing through the turbine 24, the cooled steam is directed to a regenerator 28, where it passes residual heat to the line 20, thereby preheating the water before it enters the heat exchanger 18. Subsequently, the steam is condensed in a condenser 30. The water is then pumped into the line 20 by a pump 32 driven by the turbine 24. The heat extracted from the steam in the condenser 30 can be transferred to a liquid and used for a low temperature system, such as a water treatment plant or the like.
- the power plant 10 can also be operated on a Brayton cycle with supercritical carbon dioxide as working fluid. The layout of such a power plant 10 is depicted in FIG 2.
- the working fluid for the thermodynamic cycle and the heat transfer fluid are identical. Therefore, the heat exchanger 18 is not necessary and the working fluid can cycle directly through the internal tubing 16 of the heat storage device 14, thus allowing for an especially compact and efficient design.
Abstract
Method for creating electrical energy, wherein heat is transferred from a heat source to a heat storage medium in a heat storage device (14) via a heat transfer fluid and the stored heat is transferred to a working fluid of a thermodynamic cycle, in which the heated working fluid drives a turbine (24). According to the invention, supercritical carbon dioxide is used as heat transfer medium.
Description
Description
Method for creating electrical energy The invention relates to a method for creating electrical energy according to the preamble of claim 1.
To utilize fluctuating heat sources, such as solar thermal energy or waste heat from other technical processes, for the generation of electrical energy, heat storage has to be employed in order to provide a constant electrical power generation capacity.
Usually, the heat generated by the heat source is stored in a heat storage fluid or other material and from there transferred to the working fluid of a thermodynamic cycle, most often to water in a water-steam-cycle.
Heat storage materials in current use include salt
solutions, metals, metal compounds and ceramics, which are either used as phase change materials or regenerative storage material. To charge and discharge the storage, oil is used as a heat transfer medium. Such organic fluids have a temperature limit of about 300 °C, above which decomposition can occur. This limits the storage temperature and thus the efficiency of the subsequent power cycle . Another problem lies in the flammability of oil, precluding their use in fire-prone environments such as e.g. steel works .
Liquid salt can also be used as heat transfer fluid. Such media are however very abrasive and therefore difficult to pump and to distribute within heat exchangers. Due to their high melting points, liquid salts always have to be kept
above a certain minimum temperature to avoid crystallization within the heat transport system.
It is therefore the objective of the present invention to provide a method according to the preamble of claim 1, which provides a safe, reliable and efficient method for heat storage in electrical power generation.
This objective is achieved by a method according to claim 1.
In such a method for creating electrical energy, heat is transferred from a heat source to a heat storage medium in a heat storage device via a heat transfer fluid and the stored heat is transferred to a working fluid of a thermodynamic cycle, in which the heated working fluid drives a turbine.
According to the invention, supercritical carbon dioxide is used as heat transfer medium. Carbon dioxide is an
environmentally safe, non-flammable and noncorrosive medium with a good heat transfer capacity and therefore usable in all current application for the generation of electricity from fluctuating heat sources.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, water is used as working fluid. This allows usage the described method with minimal modification to current power plants based on water- steam-cycles .
Since the internal tubing of the heat storage device can't be directly used for discharging the heat storage device in this case (since the internal tubing is circulated by the supercritical carbon dioxide used for charging the storage device) , an additional heat exchanger has to be connected to the heat storage device in order to transfer the heat to the working fluid. With minimal effort, a conventional
evaporator as used in water-steam-cycles can be adopted to that effect.
To increase the ease of handling the heat transfer medium, the working pressure of the heat transfer medium is kept at a relatively low value of 60-100 bar, in particular 80 bar. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention,
supercritical carbon dioxide is used as working fluid. This allows for a particularly simple design, since the internal tubing of the heat storage device can be used for charging and discharging the heat storage device. This makes the use of a separate evaporator for the thermodynamic cycle unnecessary. The cycle itself can be operated on the Brayton principle, which is particularly efficient for lower working temperatures, making this aspect of the invention well suited for utilizing waste heat or the like.
It is further advantageous, if remaining heat of the working fluid after passage through the turbine is transferred to the working fluid after passage to a compressor. Since this way, part of the residual heat after expansion of the working fluid is not wasted, but rather regenerated within the cyclic process, the total efficiency is improved.
In a further embodiment of the invention, remaining heat of the working fluid after passage through the turbine is transferred to a secondary working fluid and utilized in a waste heat usage process. This can be used independently or coupled with the aforementioned regeneration and further improves the overall efficiency by making residual heat available for low temperature processes, such as e.g. water treatment.
In the following section, the invention and its embodiments are further explained with reference to the drawings, which show in:
FIG 1 A schematic representation of a power generation plant based on a water-steam-cycle and operated by
an embodiment of a method according to the invention; and
FIG 2 A schematic representation of a power generation plant based on a carbon dioxide Brayton cycle and operated by an embodiment of a method according to the invention.
A power plant 10 uses an intermittent heat source, such as a solar-thermal heat collection system, which is not shown in the figures, to heat supercritical carbon dioxide in a first fluid loop 12. In order to allow for a constant generation of electrical energy, heat from the transfer fluid is used to charge a heat storage device 14. This can be implemented as a tank filled with a phase change material or
regenerative heat storage material with an internal tubing 16, in which the carbon dioxide is circulated and gives of heat to the heat storage material.
To utilize the stored heat for power generation, the internal tubing 16 is connected to a heat exchanger 18.
Liquid water enters the heat exchanger 18 via the line 20 and gets evaporated by the transferred heat. The resulting steam is directed via line 22 to a turbine 24 and expanded. The kinetic energy of the turbine 24 is used to drive a generator 26 and produce electricity.
After passing through the turbine 24, the cooled steam is directed to a regenerator 28, where it passes residual heat to the line 20, thereby preheating the water before it enters the heat exchanger 18. Subsequently, the steam is condensed in a condenser 30. The water is then pumped into the line 20 by a pump 32 driven by the turbine 24. The heat extracted from the steam in the condenser 30 can be transferred to a liquid and used for a low temperature system, such as a water treatment plant or the like.
Instead of utilizing a water-steam cycle, as shown in FIG 1, the power plant 10 can also be operated on a Brayton cycle with supercritical carbon dioxide as working fluid. The layout of such a power plant 10 is depicted in FIG 2.
In this case, the working fluid for the thermodynamic cycle and the heat transfer fluid are identical. Therefore, the heat exchanger 18 is not necessary and the working fluid can cycle directly through the internal tubing 16 of the heat storage device 14, thus allowing for an especially compact and efficient design.
List of reference signs
10 power plant
12 line
14 heat storage device
16 tubing
18 heat exchanger
20 line
22 line
24 turbine
26 generator
28 regenerator
30 heat exchanger
32 pump
Claims
1. Method for creating electrical energy, wherein heat is transferred from a heat source to a heat storage medium in a heat storage device (14) via a heat transfer fluid and the stored heat is transferred to a working fluid of a
thermodynamic cycle, in which the heated working fluid drives a turbine (24),
characterized in that
supercritical carbon dioxide is used as heat transfer medium.
2. Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that water is used as working fluid.
3. Method according to claim 2,
characterized in that the heat is transferred from the heat storage device (14) to the working fluid via a heat
exchanger (18) .
4. Method according to claim 2 or 3,
characterized in that the working pressure of the heat transfer medium is 60-100 bar, in particular 80 bar.
5. Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that supercritical carbon dioxide is used as working fluid.
6. Method according to claim 5,
characterized in that the heat is transferred directly from the heat storage device (14) to the working fluid.
7. Method according to any of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that remaining heat of the working fluid after passage through the turbine (24) is transferred to the working fluid after passage to a compressor (32) .
8. Method according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that remaining heat of the working fluid after passage through the turbine (24) is transferred to secondary working fluid and utilized in a waste heat usag process .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RU2012/000962 WO2014081329A1 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | Method for creating electrical energy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RU2012/000962 WO2014081329A1 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | Method for creating electrical energy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2014081329A1 true WO2014081329A1 (en) | 2014-05-30 |
Family
ID=48741459
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RU2012/000962 WO2014081329A1 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | Method for creating electrical energy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2014081329A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4121460A1 (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1993-01-14 | Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt | HEAT STORAGE SYSTEM WITH COMBINED HEAT STORAGE |
| DE102006035272A1 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2008-02-07 | Technikum Corporation, EVH GmbH | Method and device for using low-temperature heat for power generation |
| WO2011124408A2 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Solar thermal power plant using indirect evaporation and method for operating such a solar thermal power plant |
| WO2012049259A1 (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2012-04-19 | Energreen Heat Recovery As | Method and system for the utilization of an energy source of relatively low temperature |
| WO2012093354A2 (en) * | 2011-01-03 | 2012-07-12 | Brightsource Industries (Israel) Ltd. | Thermal storage system and methods |
| US20120216536A1 (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2012-08-30 | Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc | Supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle configuration for use in concentrating solar power systems |
-
2012
- 2012-11-20 WO PCT/RU2012/000962 patent/WO2014081329A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4121460A1 (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1993-01-14 | Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt | HEAT STORAGE SYSTEM WITH COMBINED HEAT STORAGE |
| DE102006035272A1 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2008-02-07 | Technikum Corporation, EVH GmbH | Method and device for using low-temperature heat for power generation |
| WO2011124408A2 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Solar thermal power plant using indirect evaporation and method for operating such a solar thermal power plant |
| WO2012049259A1 (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2012-04-19 | Energreen Heat Recovery As | Method and system for the utilization of an energy source of relatively low temperature |
| WO2012093354A2 (en) * | 2011-01-03 | 2012-07-12 | Brightsource Industries (Israel) Ltd. | Thermal storage system and methods |
| US20120216536A1 (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2012-08-30 | Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc | Supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle configuration for use in concentrating solar power systems |
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