US20090123321A1 - High-silicon ferritic compacted graphite cast iron having high-temperature strength and high oxidation-resistance - Google Patents

High-silicon ferritic compacted graphite cast iron having high-temperature strength and high oxidation-resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090123321A1
US20090123321A1 US12/006,313 US631307A US2009123321A1 US 20090123321 A1 US20090123321 A1 US 20090123321A1 US 631307 A US631307 A US 631307A US 2009123321 A1 US2009123321 A1 US 2009123321A1
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weight
cast iron
silicon
resistance
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Abandoned
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US12/006,313
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English (en)
Inventor
Ho Chul Shin
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Hyundai Motor Co
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Hyundai Motor Co
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Assigned to HYUNDAI MOTOR COMPANY reassignment HYUNDAI MOTOR COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SHIN, HO C.
Publication of US20090123321A1 publication Critical patent/US20090123321A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high-silicon ferritic compacted graphite (CG) cast iron having high-temperature strength and high oxidation-resistance. More particularly, the present invention relates to a high-silicon ferritic CG cast iron having high-temperature strength and high oxidation-resistance, which has a heat and crack resistant property under a high-temperature use condition and can be used for a turbine housing, i.e., a part of a vehicle engine that is subjected to a repeated heating and cooling process.
  • a turbine housing i.e., a part of a vehicle engine that is subjected to a repeated heating and cooling process.
  • a CG cast iron has been manufactured by precisely controlling magnesium inoculation at a nodular cast iron base to facilitate to secure its mechanical and physical properties (e.g. tensile strength).
  • a precise control device, and high-grade materials phosphor and sulfur contents of which are low have been used.
  • such a cast iron producing method is problematic in that there is a possibility of defective material and cast due to their susceptibility to a condition change.
  • one example of the conventional material used to produce the CGT cast iron is a high nickel austenite nodular cast iron containing approximately 4.5 to 5.5% by weight of silicon and 30 to 40% by weight of nickel.
  • This high nickel austenite nodular cast iron exhibits a poor castability, resulting in a high manufacturing cost, and shows a poor machinability, causing a great burden in terms of expenditure.
  • Another exemplary material used to produce the CG cast iron is a heat-resistant nodular cast iron. But it is insufficient in high temperature strength, and thus is partially used merely in a low exhaust vehicle class.
  • the present inventors have researched and studied in an effort to solve the above problems occurring in the prior art, and has produced, as a result of the research, a ferritic CG cast iron in which the graphite includes compacted form and nodular or spheroidal form in a certain ratio, and which comprises a chemical composition of C, Si, Mn, Mo, V, Ni, Cr, Ti and Mg the content of each of which is in a particular range with respect to an element Fe.
  • the present inventors have found that the produced ferritic CG cast iron material has an excellent heat resistance in a high temperature atmosphere and meets high-temperature physical property requirements to thereby complete the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a high-silicon ferritic CG cast iron having high-temperature strength and high oxidation-resistance, in which the graphite therein includes a compacted form of graphite in an amount of 60% or more and a nodular or spheroidal form of graphite as the remaining component, and in which silicon (Si) is contained in an amount of more than 4.0% and a crystallized carbide of vanadium (V) is dissolved in a given amount so as to allow these elements to exhibit their inherent chemical characteristics without segregation of the above elements so that high-temperature oxidation resistance and high temperature strength are increased.
  • silicon Si
  • V vanadium
  • the present invention provides a high-silicon ferritic CG cast iron having high-temperature strength and high oxidation-resistance, which comprises ion (F) as a main ingredient, 3.00 to 3.60% by weight of carbon (C), 4.00 to 4.80% by weight of silicon (Si), 0.10 to 0.30% by weight of manganese (Mn), 0.07% by weight or less of phosphor (P), 0.02% by weight or less of sulfur (S), 0.30 to 1.20% by weight of molybdenum (Mo), 0.01 to 0.10% by weight of chromium (Cr), 0.2% by weight or less of titanium (Ti), 0.3 to 1.20% by weight of nickel (Ni), 0.30 to 1.20% by weight of vanadium (V) and 0.050% by weight or less of magnesium (Mg).
  • F ion
  • C carbon
  • Si silicon
  • Mn manganese
  • P phosphor
  • S sulfur
  • Mo molybdenum
  • Mo molybdenum
  • vehicle or “vehicular” or other similar terms as used herein is inclusive of motor vehicles in general such as passenger automobiles including sports utility vehicles (SUV), buses, trucks, various commercial vehicles, watercraft including a variety of boats and ships, aircraft, and the like.
  • motor vehicles in general such as passenger automobiles including sports utility vehicles (SUV), buses, trucks, various commercial vehicles, watercraft including a variety of boats and ships, aircraft, and the like.
  • SUV sports utility vehicles
  • the present cast iron will be particularly useful for a turbine housing as a part of a wide variety of motor vehicles.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing a test result of high-temperature tensile strength for specimens according to an example and a comparative example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing a test result of high-temperature oxidation resistance for specimens according to an example and a comparative example of the present invention.
  • a high-silicon ferritic CG cast iron material according to the present invention is excellent in oxidation-resistance under high temperature conditions as well as in high-temperature mechanical and physical properties, and thus can be used particularly for a turbine housing of a turbo charger.
  • the high-silicon ferritic CG cast iron according to the present invention exhibits a ferrite substrate structure in a compacted graphite, and includes Si, Mo, V, Ni and Cr added thereto to improve a high-temperature physical property.
  • the high-silicon ferritic CG cast iron comprises iron (Fe) as a main ingredient, 3.00 to 3.60% by weight of carbon (C), 4.00 to 4.80% by weight of silicon (Si), 0.10 to 0.30% by weight of manganese (Mn), 0.07% by weight or less of phosphor (P), 0.02% by weight or less of sulfur(S), 0.30 to 1.20% by weight of molybdenum (Mo), 0.01 to 0.10% by weight of chromium (Cr), 0.2% by weight or less of titanium (Ti), 0.3 to 1.20% by weight of nickel (Ni), 0.30 to 1.20% by weight of vanadium (V) and 0.050% by weight or less of magnesium (Mg).
  • the amount of carbon (C) is limited to 3.00 ⁇ 3.60% by weight in consideration of degradation of fluidity and crystallization of primary graphite.
  • Silicon (Si) is an element that contributes to crystallization of graphite.
  • the amount of silicon (Si) is limited to 4.00 to 4.80% by weight in consideration of a ferrite process of the substrate, improvement of oxidation resistance, transformation increase effect of austenite in the ferrite, the flow of the melt during the casting process and machinability.
  • Si silicon
  • silicon (Si) is an element that increases of oxidation resistance as mentioned above and rises the transformation temperature of austenite in the ferrite.
  • the amount of silicon (Si) exceeds 4.80% by weight, the hardness of the ferrite is increased to reduce ductility.
  • the CG cast iron material of the present invention limits the content of silicon (Si) for the purpose of increase of oxidation resistance and prevention of reduction in ductility.
  • Manganese (Mn) is segregated in a boundary of eutectic cells and the transformation temperature of austenite is decreased in a ferrite for the boundary to degrade a heat crack resistance. Thus, it is preferably to limit the amount of manganese (Mn) to 0.10 to 0.30% by weight.
  • Phosphor is a kind of impurity which forms steadite. Thus, it is preferably to limit the amount of phosphor (P) to 0.07% by weight or less.
  • Sulfur is a kind of impurity that is harmful to nodularization of graphite.
  • it is preferably to limit the amount of sulfur (S) to 0.02% by weight or less.
  • Molybdenum is an element that is combined with carbon to bring about formation of precipitated carbide and reduces an average thermal expansion coefficient to decrease generation of heat stress in a high temperature region to thereby improve high-temperature strength.
  • Molybdenum is contained in a large amount, the amount of intercellular carbide is increased to degrade machinability and room temperature elongation.
  • it is preferably to limit the amount of molybdenum (Mo) to 0.30 to 1.20% by weight.
  • Molybdenum (Mo) can increase the high-temperature strength due to solid solution strengthening effect in the ferrite.
  • Chromium (Cr) 0.01 to 0.10% by Weight
  • Chromium (Cr) is an element that forms chromium-based oxide to improve oxidation resistance. Thus, it is preferably to limit the amount of chromium (Cr) to 0.01 to 0.10% by weight. If the amount of chromium (Cr) is beyond the above range, machinability is degraded at the time of addition of chromium (Cr).
  • Nickel (Ni) 0.30 to 1.20% by Weight
  • Nickel (Ni) was added to the CG cast iron to improve room temperature elongation. If the amount of nickel (Ni) is beyond the range of 0.30 to 1.20% by weight, the pearlitization of the substrate is greatly enhanced. Thus, it is preferably to set the upper limit of the amount of nickel (Ni) to 1.20% by weight or less.
  • Vanadium (V) is an element that can attain an improvement effect (precipitation strengthening by VC) of a high-temperature strength. Thus, it is preferably to limit the amount of vanadium (V) to 0.30 to 1.20% by weight. If the amount of vanadium (V) exceeds 1.20% by weight, decarburization reaction is accelerated to degrade the oxidation resistance.
  • the high-silicon ferritic CG cast iron has a structure in which vanadium-based carbide (VC) is formed in the substrate by addition of vanadium (V). Such a structure can improve high-temperature strength.
  • VC vanadium-based carbide
  • V vanadium
  • Titanium (Ti) has an effect on formation of graphite, and thus it is preferably to limit the amount of titanium (Ti) to 0.2% by weight or less.
  • Magnesium (Mg) is an element that is added for the purpose of nucleation and growth promotion of the CGI graphite. Thus, it is preferably to limit the amount of magnesium (Mg) to 0.050% by weight or less in view of nodularization and shrinkage defect of graphite.
  • the high-silicon ferritic CG cast iron material having the above chemical composition can be produced through a typical casting method by an person having ordinary skill in the art, but is not limited by the present invention.
  • Such a high-silicon ferritic CG cast iron of the present invention is a cast iron alloy material for high temperature which is excellent in heat resistance and oxidation resistance, and hence can be used in a turbine housing of a turbo charger with a high-power engine.
  • a specimen of the high-silicon ferritic CG cast iron was fabricated by a typical casting method so as to measure the physical property of the high-silicon ferritic CG cast iron through a chemical composition consisting of iron (Fe) as a main ingredient, 3.13% by weight of carbon (C), 4.30% by weight of silicon (Si), 0.20% by weight of manganese (Mn), 0.05% by weight of phosphor (P), 0.01% by weight of sulfur (S), 1.20% by weight of molybdenum (Mo), 0.08% by weight of chromium (Cr), 0.66% by weight of nickel (Ni), 0.50% by weight of vanadium (V), 0.2% by weight of titanium (Ti) and 0.03% by weight of magnesium (Mg).
  • a specimen of a heat-resistant nodular cast iron was fabricated by a typical casting method so as to measure the physical property of the nodular cast iron through a chemical composition consisting of iron (Fe) as a main ingredient, 3.31% by weight of carbon (C), 4.16% by weight of silicon (Si), 0.32% by weight of manganese (Mn), 0.048% by weight of phosphor (P), 0.03% by weight of sulfur (S), 0.65% by weight of molybdenum (Mo), 0.02% by weight of chromium (Cr), 0.03% by weight of nickel (Ni) and 0.026% by weight of magnesium (Mg).
  • Fe iron
  • C carbon
  • Si silicon
  • Mn manganese
  • P phosphor
  • S sulfur
  • Mo molybdenum
  • Cr chromium
  • Ni nickel
  • Mg magnesium
  • Test of the high-temperature tensile strength and high-temperature oxidation resistance was performed on the specimens according to the example and the comparative example as follows.
  • the high-temperature tensile strength was tested using typical equipment at a material surface temperature of 800° C. as a strict endurance mode. As a test result of the high-temperature tensile strength, it could be seen from a graph of FIG. 1 that the example exhibits a relatively high high-temperature tensile strength as compared to the comparative example.
  • the high-temperature strength can be enhanced by a solid solution strengthening effect owing to addition of molybdenum (Mo), as well as by a precipitation strengthening effect by VC owing to addition of vanadium (V). Also, it could be seen that the high-temperature strength can be further enhanced by combined addition of these elements.
  • Test of the high-temperature oxidation resistance was performed such that the specimens according to the example and the comparative example were fabricated into a square shape having a width of 20 mm, a length of 20 mm and a height of 2 mm, were maintained in a heated holding furnace of 700° C. for 300 hours, and then were taken out of the heated holding furnace so as to be cooled in the air. Thereafter, the cooled specimens were subjected to a short blast to remove an oxide scale and then an reduction amount (g/mm 2 ), i.e., a change of mass per unit area after the oxidation resistance test, was obtained and evaluated. The evaluation result of the reduction amount is shown in a graph of FIG. 2 .
  • the high-silicon ferritic CG cast iron according to of the present invention has an advantageous effect in that it is remarkably excellent in physical properties such as high temperature strength, high-temperature oxidation resistance, etc., as compared to an existing heat resistant nodular cast iron.
  • the present invention has an economic effect of being capable of manufacturing a turbine housing which is inexpensive and practical, along with such improvement of the physical properties.
  • the alloy material of the present invention can enhance the high-temperature strength and the high-temperature heat resistance when being applied to the turbine housing of the turbo charger to thereby replace an existing nickel cast iron material.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
US12/006,313 2007-11-09 2007-12-31 High-silicon ferritic compacted graphite cast iron having high-temperature strength and high oxidation-resistance Abandoned US20090123321A1 (en)

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KR1020070114210A KR101013843B1 (ko) 2007-11-09 2007-11-09 고온 강도 및 내산화성이 우수한 고 규소 페라이트계ｃｇｉ 흑연주철
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2267174A3 (en) * 2009-06-23 2012-05-02 General Electric Company Simo ductile iron castings for gas turbine applications
JP2014105342A (ja) * 2012-11-26 2014-06-09 Japan Steel Works Ltd:The 高温延性と高温クリープ破断寿命に優れた球状黒鉛鋳鉄およびその製造方法
US20140335710A1 (en) * 2010-09-15 2014-11-13 Hilde Schlogl Coupling arrangement and coupling piece
CN104328333A (zh) * 2014-10-13 2015-02-04 无锡科博增压器有限公司 增压器涡轮壳
US9587588B2 (en) 2013-07-03 2017-03-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Direct inlet axial automotive turbine
WO2018047134A1 (en) 2016-09-12 2018-03-15 Snam Alloys Pvt Ltd A non-magnesium process to produce compacted graphite iron (cgi)
CN113667886A (zh) * 2021-08-20 2021-11-19 天津昌昊实业有限公司 一种高强度高韧性低温球墨铸铁及其生产工艺
EP3974553A1 (en) 2020-09-23 2022-03-30 Tupy S.A. Vermicular cast iron alloy, combustion engine block and head

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101673779B1 (ko) * 2015-06-10 2016-11-08 현대자동차주식회사 내열주철

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4435226A (en) * 1981-12-01 1984-03-06 Goetze Ag Wear resistant cast iron alloy with spheroidal graphite separation and manufacturing method therefor
US4484953A (en) * 1983-01-24 1984-11-27 Ford Motor Company Method of making ductile cast iron with improved strength
US4767278A (en) * 1981-10-06 1988-08-30 Enderlein Jr Emmanuel X Boat propeller

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JPS59193242A (ja) 1983-04-19 1984-11-01 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 高珪素球状黒鉛鋳鉄
KR100333311B1 (ko) * 1998-12-21 2002-10-25 주식회사 포스코 연성및강도특성이우수한페라이트계구상흑연주철재의제조방법
KR100325125B1 (ko) * 1998-12-29 2002-06-28 신현준 내열용구상흑연주철재및그열처리방법
JP2002371335A (ja) 2001-06-19 2002-12-26 Aisin Takaoka Ltd 耐酸化性に優れた排気系部品用の耐熱球状黒鉛鋳鉄

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4767278A (en) * 1981-10-06 1988-08-30 Enderlein Jr Emmanuel X Boat propeller
US4435226A (en) * 1981-12-01 1984-03-06 Goetze Ag Wear resistant cast iron alloy with spheroidal graphite separation and manufacturing method therefor
US4484953A (en) * 1983-01-24 1984-11-27 Ford Motor Company Method of making ductile cast iron with improved strength

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2267174A3 (en) * 2009-06-23 2012-05-02 General Electric Company Simo ductile iron castings for gas turbine applications
US20140335710A1 (en) * 2010-09-15 2014-11-13 Hilde Schlogl Coupling arrangement and coupling piece
US9362643B2 (en) * 2010-09-15 2016-06-07 Hilde Schloegl Coupling arrangement and coupling piece
JP2014105342A (ja) * 2012-11-26 2014-06-09 Japan Steel Works Ltd:The 高温延性と高温クリープ破断寿命に優れた球状黒鉛鋳鉄およびその製造方法
US9587588B2 (en) 2013-07-03 2017-03-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Direct inlet axial automotive turbine
CN104328333A (zh) * 2014-10-13 2015-02-04 无锡科博增压器有限公司 增压器涡轮壳
WO2018047134A1 (en) 2016-09-12 2018-03-15 Snam Alloys Pvt Ltd A non-magnesium process to produce compacted graphite iron (cgi)
EP3974553A1 (en) 2020-09-23 2022-03-30 Tupy S.A. Vermicular cast iron alloy, combustion engine block and head
CN113667886A (zh) * 2021-08-20 2021-11-19 天津昌昊实业有限公司 一种高强度高韧性低温球墨铸铁及其生产工艺

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KR101013843B1 (ko) 2011-02-14

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