US20090020194A1 - Method of Induction Hardening - Google Patents

Method of Induction Hardening Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090020194A1
US20090020194A1 US12/223,126 US22312607A US2009020194A1 US 20090020194 A1 US20090020194 A1 US 20090020194A1 US 22312607 A US22312607 A US 22312607A US 2009020194 A1 US2009020194 A1 US 2009020194A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
long work
cooling
rotational speed
temperature
cooling step
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US12/223,126
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English (en)
Inventor
Kazuo Minemura
Yukihiro Chikazawa
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD. reassignment HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHIKAZAWA, YUKIHIRO, MINEMURA, KAZUO
Publication of US20090020194A1 publication Critical patent/US20090020194A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/42—Induction heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/28—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/78—Combined heat-treatments not provided for above
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an induction hardening method, more particularly to an induction hardening method for a long work of an Fe-based alloy extending along the axis line.
  • Induction hardening treatment methods for a rod-shaped long work include single-shot hardening methods of hardening the entire long work at once, and transfer hardening methods containing placing a high-frequency heating coil around a part of the long work, and transporting the long work in the axial direction to sequentially heat the parts of the long work.
  • the long work is heated by a high-frequency heating coil, and then cooled by a cooling liquid.
  • the long work is clamped at both ends, and forced to be rotated (for example, see Patent Document 1).
  • the long work is heated in this state, then cooled while being rotated, and thereby hardened.
  • a correction roller is placed in the vicinity of the long work.
  • the long work is distorted in the cooling, the distorted portion of the long work rotated is brought into contact with the correction roller to correct the distortion.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 04-141523
  • the distortion cannot be sufficiently eliminated only by the correction roller, and generally a cold distortion eliminating process is carried out after the hardening treatment.
  • the long work is often cracked by the distortion eliminating process, and a magnetic crack detection is carried out to detect the cracking.
  • the number of processes is increased, so that it is difficult to improve the production efficiency of the long work obviously.
  • a general object of the present invention is to provide an induction hardening method capable of preventing the distortion of a long work.
  • a principal object of the present invention is to provide an induction hardening method not requiring distortion elimination and magnetic crack detection processes.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an induction hardening method capable of producing a long work having an approximately uniform metal structure over the entire work.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide such a simple induction hardening method that the distortion of a long work can be corrected even when a correction roller is held for some reasons.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide an induction hardening method having an improved production efficiency of a long work.
  • an induction hardening method for hardening a long work containing an Fe-based alloy wherein the long work is heated by high-frequency induction heating while being rotated, and when the long work is distorted in the hardening, the long work is brought into contact with a correction roller to correct the distortion.
  • the induction hardening method comprises:
  • the Fe-based alloy used as a material of the long work has a structure, from which the distortion can be easily eliminated, at a temperature lower than the pearlite finish temperature (the Pf temperature).
  • the Pf temperature the pearlite finish temperature
  • the distortion is hardly present in the resultant long work after the second cooling step. Therefore, the cold distortion eliminating process can be omitted, and naturally also the magnetic crack detection for detecting cracks in the long work due to the cold distortion eliminating process can be omitted.
  • the long work production efficiency can be improved by omitting the processes.
  • the resultant long work has an approximately uniform metal structure and properties over the entire long work.
  • the first cooling step is carried out at the maximum rotational speed until the long work is cooled to the predetermined temperature range (the second temperature range).
  • the second temperature range is a range of higher than the martensite start temperature (the Ms temperature) and at most the Pf temperature. It is particularly preferred that the long work is cooled to a temperature immediately above the Ms temperature in the first cooling step.
  • At least one correction roller can be freely rotated independently from other correction rollers. In this case, the distortion can be corrected with simple structure, even when the other correction rollers are fixed for some reasons.
  • the cooling time is selected depending on the size, weight, and hardness of the long work. For example, in a case where the long work has a cylindrical shape, as the diameter is increased, the cooling time is lengthened.
  • the rotational speeds in the heating step and the second cooling step i.e. the first rotational speed and the third rotational speed
  • the rotational speeds in the heating step and the second cooling step may be equal.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view showing a hardening apparatus for an induction hardening method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along the line II-II of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view showing the principal part of the hardening apparatus of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a CCT curve of an S40CM material
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing a rotational speed in each step of the induction hardening method.
  • the induction hardening method of this embodiment contains a heating step, a first cooling step, and a second cooling step.
  • a long work is heated in the heating step, and is cooled in the first cooling step and the subsequent second cooling step.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a hardening apparatus 10 for carrying out the heating step, the first cooling step, and the second cooling step
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along the line II-II of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the principal part.
  • the hardening apparatus 10 has a correction mechanism 12 , rotatable chucks 14 a , 14 b for forming a clamp mechanism, a high-frequency heating coil 16 , and a movable cooling jacket (not shown).
  • the correction mechanism 12 has a base 18 and first to fourth bearings 20 a to 20 d formed thereon.
  • a first rotation shaft 22 a is supported by the first and second bearings 20 a and 20 b
  • a second rotation shaft 22 b is supported by the third and fourth bearings 20 c and 20 d .
  • the first and second rotation shafts 22 a and 22 b are rotatable independently.
  • first and second correction rollers 24 a and 24 b are positioned and fixed onto the first rotation shaft 22 a
  • third and fourth correction rollers 24 c and 24 d are positioned and fixed onto the second rotation shaft 22 b , such that the third and fourth correction rollers 24 c and 24 d do not interfere the first and second correction rollers 24 a and 24 b
  • the peripheral walls of the first to fourth correction rollers 24 a to 24 d are positioned at a predetermined distance from the peripheral wall of a long work LW.
  • the rotatable chucks 14 a , 14 b of the clamp mechanism can be moved close to and away from the ends of the long work LW, and in other words can be opened and closed.
  • the rotatable chucks 14 a , 14 b are closed, the ends of the long work LW are pressed by the rotatable chucks 14 a , 14 b , whereby the long work LW is clamped.
  • the rotatable chucks 14 a , 14 b can be rotated at a controlled rotational speed under the action of a rotation controlling motor (not shown).
  • the rotational speed can be controlled by changing a rotational force from the rotation controlling motor.
  • the high-frequency heating coil 16 comprises arches 26 a , 26 b which are located near the ends of the long work LW, and are curved along the upper half of the long work LW, and straight portions 28 a , 28 b which are formed to link the ends of the arches 26 a , 26 b . Further, arms 30 a , 30 b are disposed on the arches 26 a , 26 b respectively, and one end of each arm 30 a , 30 b is supported by an elevating mechanism (not shown). When the arms 30 a , 30 b are moved downward or upward by the elevating mechanism, the high-frequency heating coil 16 is moved close to the long work LW to surround the upper half or moved away from the upper half.
  • the long work LW is not particularly limited as long as the height (the length in the axial direction) is equal to or more than the bottom diameter, width, and depth.
  • Preferred examples of the long works LW include drive shafts.
  • the induction hardening method of this embodiment is carried out as follows.
  • the rotatable chucks 14 a , 14 b are closed to clamp the ends of the long work LW such as a drive shaft. Then, the arms 30 a , 30 b of the high-frequency heating coil 16 are moved downward by the elevating mechanism, and finally the upper half of the long work LW is surrounded by the high-frequency heating coil 16 as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the rotatable chucks 14 a , 14 b are rotated by the rotation controlling motor, and thus the long work LW is rotated.
  • the rotational speed may be 100 to 200 rpm.
  • the high-frequency heating coil 16 is energized to start the heating step, so that the long work LW is heated to about 900° C. to 950° C. by electromagnetic induction heating.
  • the heating step of the induction hardening treatment is started.
  • austenite transformation is caused in the metal structure of the long work LW composed of an Fe-based alloy.
  • the energization of the high-frequency heating coil 16 is stopped, the heating jacket is moved away from the long work LW, and the rotational speed of the rotatable chucks 14 a , 14 b are increased.
  • the rotational speed of the rotatable chucks 14 a , 14 b may be finally increased to 240 to 300 rpm.
  • the long work LW is surrounded by the movable cooling jacket.
  • the movable cooling jacket has a semi-cylindrical shape, and is moved in the longitudinal direction of the long work LW while surrounding a part of the upper half of the long work LW.
  • An injector for spraying a cooling liquid onto the long work LW is disposed on the inner periphery wall of the movable cooling jacket.
  • the long work LW is cooled by the cooling liquid emitted from the inner periphery wall of the movable cooling jacket, so that the first cooling step is started.
  • the movable cooling jacket is moved in the longitudinal direction of the long work LW, whereby the entire long work LW is cooled.
  • a ferrite or a pearlite is formed in the metal structure of the long work LW (the Fe-based alloy).
  • the metal structure of the long work LW is changed by the ferrite and pearlite formation, and a part of the long work LW may be swelled to generate a distortion before the long work LW is cooled to the pearlite finish temperature (the Pf temperature), at which the pearlite formation is finished.
  • the distorted part is brought into contact with one of the first to fourth correction rollers 24 a to 24 d at a rate of 0.83 to 5 times/minute, so that the distortion of the long work LW is corrected.
  • the cooling liquid is continuously emitted from the movable cooling jacket during this correction.
  • the long work LW In the temperature range between the austenite forming temperature and the Pf temperature, the long work LW has a structure from which the distortion can be easily eliminated. Therefore, in the first cooling step, the distortion of the long work LW can be efficiently eliminated by bringing the long work LW into contact with the first to fourth correction rollers 24 a to 24 d while rotating the long work LW at the maximum rotational speed.
  • the rotational speed of the long work LW in the first cooling step is higher than that in the high-frequency heating step, so that the first to fourth correction rollers 24 a to 24 d and the long work LW can be brought into contact at a high contact frequency.
  • the effect of correcting the distortion of the long work LW is improved.
  • the resultant long work LW has an approximately uniform metal structure, and thereby has uniform properties, over the entire work.
  • the above rotational speed of the rotatable chucks 14 a , 14 b is maintained (i.e., the first cooling step is continued) until the long work LW is cooled to a predetermined temperature range, within which a large distortion is hardly generated in the long work LW, specifically to the Pf temperature or less.
  • the long work LW is cooled to a temperature lower than the martensite start temperature (the Ms temperature) in the first cooling step, a so-called hardening crack may be caused by a martensite formed.
  • the first cooling step the long work LW is cooled to a temperature higher than the Ms temperature.
  • the temperature of the long work LW is equal to or lower than the Pf temperature and higher than the Ms temperature. It is preferred that the long work LW is cooled to a temperature immediately above the Ms temperature in the first cooling step. In this case, the dimensional accuracy of the long work LW is improved.
  • the Pf and Ms temperatures are obtained from a continuous cooling transformation curve (CCT curve) before the first cooling step.
  • CCT curve continuous cooling transformation curve
  • the Pf and Ms temperatures thereof can be obtained from a CCT curve shown in FIG. 4 .
  • Fs represents a ferrite start temperature at which ferrite formation is started
  • Ps represents a pearlite start temperature at which pearlite formation is started.
  • the cooling time when the cooling time is excessively short, the long work LW still has a high temperature and is returned to the heated state, resulting in a lowered hardness.
  • the cooling time when the cooling time is excessively long, the treatment efficiency is deteriorated.
  • the cooling time is controlled such that the hardness of the long work LW is not lowered, and the treatment efficiency is not deteriorated.
  • the cooling time is selected depending on the diameter, weight, and hardness of the long work LW. Thus, the cooling time is not determined depending on one factor. For example, when the long work LW is composed of an S40CM and has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of about 20 cm, the cooling time may be 10 to 20 seconds.
  • the long work LW is further cooled by spraying the cooling liquid from the movable cooling jacket while reducing the rotational speed of the rotatable chucks 14 a , 14 b (and the long work LW) in the second cooling step.
  • the cooling liquid spraying may be stopped, and the temperature of the cooling liquid may be lower than that in the first cooling step.
  • the rotational speed in the second cooling step may be equal to that in the heating step.
  • the rotational speed may be 100 or 150 rpm in both the heating step and the second cooling step. It is preferred that the rotational speed is 180 rpm in the heating step and the second cooling step. In this case, the long work LW can be prevented from being deformed due to the martensitic transformation.
  • the entire induction hardening treatment is completed.
  • the relation between the time and the rotational speed in the above steps is shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the rotational speed is 180 rpm in the heating step and the second cooling step, and 250 rpm in the first cooling step.
  • the resultant long work LW has little or no distortion, and does not have to be subjected to a cold distortion eliminating process for removing the distortion. Also a magnetic crack detection process for detecting cracks in the long work LW due to the cold distortion eliminating process is not required naturally. Thus, the long work LW treatment efficiency, and the long work LW production efficiency are improved.
  • the material of the long work LW is not particularly limited as long as it is an Fe-based alloy.
  • the Pf and Ms temperatures, etc. of the material other than the S40CM can be obtained using the corresponding CCT curve.
  • the shape of the long work LW is not limited to the above cylindrical shape with the spherical bottom surfaces.
  • the long work LW may have a polygonal column shape with polygonal bottom surfaces.
  • the bottom surfaces may have different shapes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
US12/223,126 2006-02-01 2007-01-30 Method of Induction Hardening Abandoned US20090020194A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006024942A JP5060054B2 (ja) 2006-02-01 2006-02-01 高周波焼入れ方法
JP2006-024942 2006-02-01
PCT/JP2007/051425 WO2007088825A1 (ja) 2006-02-01 2007-01-30 高周波焼入れ方法

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US12/223,126 Abandoned US20090020194A1 (en) 2006-02-01 2007-01-30 Method of Induction Hardening

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US (1) US20090020194A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5060054B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN101379203B (ja)
MY (1) MY157932A (ja)
WO (1) WO2007088825A1 (ja)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110232808A1 (en) * 2010-03-25 2011-09-29 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Method for producing a motor vehicle component, and a body component
JP7354591B2 (ja) 2019-05-29 2023-10-03 マツダ株式会社 高周波焼入れ方法及び高周波焼入れ装置

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5394523B2 (ja) * 2012-03-16 2014-01-22 本田技研工業株式会社 ドライブシャフトの製造方法
CN105930605A (zh) * 2016-04-29 2016-09-07 河海大学常州校区 感应淬火处理轴零件的淬硬层深度测量方法
JP7336129B2 (ja) * 2019-05-16 2023-08-31 富士電子工業株式会社 高周波焼入装置、並びに、長尺状ワークの支持装置
CN112871882B (zh) * 2021-01-12 2022-11-22 绵阳市川星锅厂 一种锅表面石墨粉污渍去除方法及装置

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3944446A (en) * 1975-05-22 1976-03-16 Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. Method of inductively heating and quench hardening camshafts
US6183573B1 (en) * 1997-02-25 2001-02-06 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. High-toughness, high-tensile-strength steel and method of manufacturing the same

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JPH0538037Y2 (ja) * 1989-12-07 1993-09-27
JPH04141523A (ja) * 1990-10-02 1992-05-15 Fuji Denshi Kogyo Kk 高周波焼入方法
JP3817764B2 (ja) * 1994-12-20 2006-09-06 日本精工株式会社 環状体の製造方法及び焼入れ変形矯正装置
JP3385901B2 (ja) * 1997-03-28 2003-03-10 住友金属工業株式会社 被焼入材の冷却方法
JP2000063937A (ja) * 1998-08-18 2000-02-29 Honda Motor Co Ltd 金型鋳造品の熱処理方法
JP4254337B2 (ja) * 2003-05-12 2009-04-15 日立金属株式会社 曲がりの少ない棒鋼の焼入方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3944446A (en) * 1975-05-22 1976-03-16 Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. Method of inductively heating and quench hardening camshafts
US6183573B1 (en) * 1997-02-25 2001-02-06 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. High-toughness, high-tensile-strength steel and method of manufacturing the same

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110232808A1 (en) * 2010-03-25 2011-09-29 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Method for producing a motor vehicle component, and a body component
US9057114B2 (en) * 2010-03-25 2015-06-16 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Method for producing a motor vehicle component, and a body component
US10151009B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2018-12-11 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Method for producing a motor vehicle component, and a body component
JP7354591B2 (ja) 2019-05-29 2023-10-03 マツダ株式会社 高周波焼入れ方法及び高周波焼入れ装置

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JP2007204814A (ja) 2007-08-16
CN101379203A (zh) 2009-03-04
CN101379203B (zh) 2011-06-22
MY157932A (en) 2016-08-15
JP5060054B2 (ja) 2012-10-31
WO2007088825A1 (ja) 2007-08-09

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