US20080108684A1 - Therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disease and tnf-alfa production inhibitor - Google Patents

Therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disease and tnf-alfa production inhibitor Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080108684A1
US20080108684A1 US11/968,343 US96834308A US2008108684A1 US 20080108684 A1 US20080108684 A1 US 20080108684A1 US 96834308 A US96834308 A US 96834308A US 2008108684 A1 US2008108684 A1 US 2008108684A1
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inflammatory bowel
tnf
bowel disease
agent
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Inventor
Hideki Matsumoto
Tomohisa Okutsu
Tomoko Takeda
Hideki Suzuki
Tetsuo Yano
Masaki Hashimoto
Miho Ono
Manabu Suzuki
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Ajinomoto Co Inc
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Ajinomoto Co Inc
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Publication of US20080108684A1 publication Critical patent/US20080108684A1/en
Priority to US12/491,698 priority Critical patent/US8168669B2/en
Priority to US13/431,183 priority patent/US20120329846A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
    • A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
    • A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
    • A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
    • A61K31/405—Indole-alkanecarboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. tryptophan, indomethacin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4172—Imidazole-alkanecarboxylic acids, e.g. histidine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
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    • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
    • A61P19/10—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
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    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/04—Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an agent for treating or preventing an inflammatory bowel disease, comprising a particular amino acid(s).
  • the present invention also relates to an agent for inhibiting TNF production, comprising a particular amino acid(s).
  • An inflammatory bowel disease is a generic term for enteropathy with inflammation, and mainly includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
  • the ulcerative colitis is a diffuse non-specific inflammatory disease where large bowel mucosa or submucosa is affected and erosion or ulcer is often formed.
  • Clinical symptoms are mucous and bloody stools, abdominal pain, blood stools, watery stools, fever, lack of appetite, malevolence, emesis and the like.
  • agents for treating the ulcerative colitis salazosulfapyridine, adrenal cortex steroids, immunosuppressants, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and the like are used, but it can not be said that these agents are enough to treat the ulcerative colitis.
  • Crohn's disease is an idiopathic chronic enteritis of unknown cause, and exhibits non-specific inflammatory symptoms in intestines from a small intestine to a large intestine. Its lesions are composed of granulomatous lesions with fibrosis and ulcer, and it is likely that the lesions appear in all gastrointestinal area from an oral cavity to an anus.
  • the clinical symptoms of Crohn's disease include abdominal pain, general malaise, diarrhea, melena, occult blood positive, fever, weight loss, anemia, ileus symptom, abdominal tumor, malevolence, emesis and peritonitis symptom.
  • Crohn's disease simultaneously causes various gastrointestinal and parenteral symptoms, e.g., intestinal stenosis, intestinal perforation, abdominal abscess and heavy hemorrhage which are serious conditions, in addition to nutritional disorder, and often requires procedures such as intestinal surgery.
  • a high calorie infusion or an enteral nutrition is performed for the purpose of improving the nutritional condition.
  • a risk of bacterial translocation is increased.
  • the enteral nutrition is performed.
  • the therapy by an agent has been attempted.
  • salazosulfapyridine, metronodazole, adrenal cortex steroids, immunosuppressants, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and the like are administered.
  • an anti-TNF antibody has begun to be administered clinically. However, it can be said that the administration of these agents is insufficient yet for treating the Crohn's disease.
  • TNF- ⁇ is an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages, macrophage lineage cells (Kupper cells), neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, NK cells, LAK cells, mast cells, bone marrow cells, fibroblasts, astrocytes, keratinocytes and the like, and has been recently demonstrated to be deeply involved in pathogenesis of many diseases including Crohn's disease. Therefore, it is believed that if the action of TNF- ⁇ can be inhibited, it becomes possible to treat those diseases.
  • steroidal hormone agents and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are applied to some inflammatory diseases. However, they have diverse action points and do not have an inhibitory action specific for TNF- ⁇ .
  • the side effect of the steroid agent has become a medical problem.
  • the treatment using an anti-TNF- ⁇ antibody and a soluble TNF- ⁇ receptor which are peptide macromolecules gives good clinical results in chronic rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease, but sometimes induces serious infectious diseases including tuberculosis and sepsis, and deterioration of demyelinating disease. Occurrence of malignant tumors has been also reported. Additionally, the formation of a neutralization antibody has been reported, and thus they can not be said to be sufficient.
  • the present invention aims at providing an agent for use in the treatment or prevention of inflammatory bowel diseases.
  • the present invention also aims at providing an agent for inhibiting the production of TNF- ⁇ .
  • the present invention provides an agent for treatment or prevention of an inflammatory bowel disease wherein it contains one or more amino acids selected from the group consisting of lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, glutamine, glycine, cysteine, cystine and threonine, and the amino acids are administered in an amount of 0.1 to 4000 mg/kg per day.
  • the individual amino acid described herein includes any form of D-type, L-type or a mixture of D and L, and preferably the L-type is used.
  • the individual amino acid may also be in a salt form in addition to the free amino acid.
  • the individual amino acid may be the form of a peptide. In the case of the peptide, the number of the amino acids is preferably 20 or less. A dosage of the amino acid is given in terms of the free amino acid.
  • the present invention provides an agent for treatment or prevention of an inflammatory bowel disease wherein it contains 0.5 to 2% by weight of tryptophan, 3 to 9% by weight of lysine, 1.5 to 5% by weight of histidine, 4 to 10% by weight of phenylalanine and 9 to 23% by weight of glutamine, and the amino acids are administered in an amount of 0.1 to 4000 mg/kg per day.
  • the present invention provides aninhibitor of TNF- ⁇ production wherein it contains amino acids selected from the group consisting of histidine, phenylalanine and tryptophan, and the amino acids are administered in an amount of 0.1 to 4000 mg/kg per day.
  • the present invention provides an inhibitor of TNF- ⁇ production wherein it contains 0.5 to 2% by weight of tryptophan, 3 to 9% by weight of lysine, 1.5 to 5% by weight of histidine, 4 to 10% by weight of phenylalanine and 9 to 23% by weight of glutamine, and the amino acids are administered in an amount of 0.1 to 4000 mg/kg per day.
  • the inflammatory bowel disease to which the agent for treatment or prevention of the present invention is applied is an intestine-related disease, and the agent is effective for example for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
  • the agent for treatment or prevention of the inflammatory bowel disease of the present invention contains the amino acids selected from the group consisting of lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, glutamine, glycine, cysteine, cystine and threonine.
  • One or more amino acids may be contained.
  • the agent for treatment or prevention of the inflammatory bowel disease of the present invention preferably contains the amino acids selected from the group consisting of lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and glutamine, and most preferably contains tryptophan.
  • One or more amino acids selected from the group consisting of lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, and glutamine may be contained in addition to tryptophan.
  • the agent for treatment or prevention of inflammatory bowel disease of the present invention is administered in the amount of 0.1 to 4000 mg/kg of the amino acid(s) (when two or more amino acids are contained, the amount is a total thereof) per day.
  • the agent for treatment or prevention of the inflammatory bowel disease of the present invention is preferably administered in the amount of 0.1 to 1000 mg/kg and most preferably 1 to 500 mg/kg of the amino acid(s) per day.
  • amino acids other than the above e.g., isoleucine, leucine, valine, arginine, alanine, aspartic acid, proline, serine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, asparagine and the like may be contained.
  • the agent for treatment or prevention of the inflammatory bowel disease of the present invention contains 0.5 to 2% by weight of tryptophan, 3 to 9% by weight of lysine, 1.5 to 5% by weight of histidine, 4 to 10% by weight of phenylalanine, and 9 to 23% by weight of glutamine.
  • the agent for treatment or prevention of the inflammatory bowel disease of the present invention contains 0.9 to 1.5% by weight of tryptophan, 4 to 7.1% by weight of lysine, 2 to 4% by weight of histidine, 5 to 9% by weight of phenylalanine, and 11 to 20% by weight of glutamine, and most preferably contains 1.0 to 1.3% by weight of tryptophan, 4.5 to 6% by weight of lysine, 2.4 to 3.5% by weight of histidine, 6 to 8% by weight of phenylalanine, and 13 to 17% by weight of glutamine.
  • the agent for treatment or prevention of inflammatory bowel disease is administered in the amount of 0.1 to 4000 mg/kg per day in terms of the total amount of the amino acids.
  • the agent for treatment or prevention of the inflammatory bowel disease is administered in the amount of 0.1 to 1000 mg/kg and most preferably 1 to 500 mg/kg per day in terms of the total amount of the amino acids.
  • amino acids other than the above e.g., isoleucine, leucine, methionine, threonine, valine, arginine, alanine, aspartic acid, glycine, proline, serine, tyrosine, cysteine, cystine, glutamic acid, asparagine and the like may be contained.
  • the inhibitor of the present invention inhibits the secretion of TNF- ⁇ from TNF- ⁇ producing cells such as macrophages, macrophage lineage cells (Kupper cells), neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, NK cells, LAK cells, mast cells, bone marrow cells, fibroblasts, astrocytes, keratinocytes and the like.
  • TNF- ⁇ producing cells such as macrophages, macrophage lineage cells (Kupper cells), neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, NK cells, LAK cells, mast cells, bone marrow cells, fibroblasts, astrocytes, keratinocytes and the like.
  • the inhibitor of the present invention is anticipated as being usable as the agent for treatment or prevention of the diseases where the inhibition of TNF- ⁇ production is effective, e.g., sepsis, septic shock, endotoxin shock, oligemic shock, post-oligemic reperfusion injury, meningitis, psoriasis, congestive heart failure, fibrosis, hepatitis, insulin independent diabetes, graft rejection, graft versus host disease, cancer, cachexia, arthritis (chronic rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, osteoarthritis, other arthritis), inflammatory bone diseases, bone resorption diseases, Behcet's syndrome, infectious diseases (opportunistic infection due to AIDS, cerebral malaria, infection with Mycobacterium), autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid diseases, allergy, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune uveitis, nephrosis syndrome,
  • the inhibitor of the TNF- ⁇ production of the present invention contains the amino acids selected from the group consisting of histidine, phenylalanine and tryptophan. One or more of the amino acids may be contained.
  • the inhibitor of the TNF- ⁇ production is administered in the amount of 0.1 to 4000 mg/kg of the amino acid(s) (when two or more amino acids are contained, the amount is the total thereof) per day.
  • the inhibitor of the TNF- ⁇ production is preferably administered in the amount of 0.1 to 1000 mg/kg and most preferably 1 to 500 mg/kg of the amino acid(s) per day.
  • amino acids other than the above e.g., lysine, methionine, glutamine, glycine, cysteine, cystine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, arginine, alanine, aspartic acid, proline, serine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamic acid and the like may be contained.
  • the inhibitor of the TNF- ⁇ production of the present invention contains 0.5 to 2% by weight of tryptophan, 3 to 9% by weight of lysine, 1.5 to 5% by weight of histidine, 4 to 10% by weight of phenylalanine and 9 to 23% by weight of glutamine.
  • the inhibitor of the TNF- ⁇ production of the present invention preferably contains 0.9 to 1.5% by weight of tryptophan, 4 to 7.1% by weight of lysine, 2 to 4% by weight of histidine, 5 to 9% by weight of phenylalanine and 11 to 20% by weight of glutamine, and most preferably contains 1.0 to 1.3% by weight of tryptophan, 4.5 to 6% by weight of lysine, 2.4 to 3.5% by weight of histidine, 6 to 8% by weight of phenylalanine and 13 to 17% by weight of glutamine.
  • the inhibitor of the TNF- ⁇ production is administered in the amount of 0.1 to 4000 mg/kg per day in terms of the total amount of the amino acids.
  • the inhibitor of the TNF- ⁇ production is preferably administered in the amount of 0.1 to 1000 mg/kg and most preferably 1 to 500 mg/kg per day in terms of the total amount of the amino acids.
  • amino acids other than the above e.g., methionine, glycine, cysteine, cystine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, arginine, alanine, aspartic acid, proline, serine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamic acid ant the like may be contained.
  • the agent for treatment or prevention of the inflammatory bowel disease and the inhibitor of the TNF- ⁇ production of the present invention may be appropriate formulations, and are prepared in the form of, for example, powders, particles, granules, tablets, capsules and liquids.
  • excipients e.g., lactose, glucose, D-mannitol, starch, crystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, kaolin, light silic acid anhydrate, trehalose
  • binders e.g., starch glue liquid, gelatin solution, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, ethanol
  • disintegrants e.g., starch, gelatin powder, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose calcium salt
  • lubricants e.g., magnesium stearate, talc
  • coating agents e.g., hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, acetylcellulose, saccharose, titanium oxide
  • coloring agents are added.
  • preservatives e.g., benzoic acid, paraoxybenzoate ester, sodium dehydroacetate
  • suspending agents and emulsifiers e.g., gum arabic, tragacanth, carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt, methylcellulose, egg yolk, surfactant
  • sweeteners and acidifiers e.g., trehalose, citric acid
  • coloring agents and stabilizers are added.
  • solvents used therefor purified water is mainly used, but ethanol, glycerine and propylene glycol can also be used.
  • the protein source may be the protein useful for nutrition supply, and may be any of the animal proteins and plant proteins.
  • milk proteins are preferable, and particularly low lactose milk proteins and casein are preferable.
  • plant protein a separated soybean protein is preferable. Two or more proteins may be combined.
  • the protein source may be peptides obtained by hydrolyzing the protein.
  • saccharides are preferable, monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides can be included, and more specifically, glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, sucrose, sugar (may be purified saccharose), maltose, lactose, dextrin, maltodextrin, starch, maize starch, soybean oligosaccharide and sugar alcohol can be included. Two or more of these saccharides may be combined.
  • the carbohydrate source it is preferable to contain any one of sugar, dextrin, maltodextrin and maize starch.
  • the vitamins include vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin H, folic acid, pantothenic acids and nicotinic acids.
  • vitamin C and vitamin E are preferable because they have a property as an antioxidant.
  • the minerals are not particularly limited as long as they are generally used in this field. Specifically, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chlorine and phosphorus in an inorganic or organic salt form can be included. For each inorganic or organic salt, the same salts as those which have been already placed on the market and combined in the infusion and the enteral nutrition can be used.
  • the trace element is a metal element which is a trace amount but indispensable for a living body. Specifically, zinc, iron, manganese, copper, chromium, molybdenum, serene, fluorine and iodine in the inorganic and organic salt form are included. Each trace element may be combined in consideration of a daily needed amount.
  • the agent for treatment or prevention of the inflammatory bowel disease and the inhibitor of the TNF- ⁇ production of the present invention can be prepared by standard methods of granulating each active ingredient directly or mixing each active ingredient with the pharmaceutically acceptable additives depending on each formulation and granulating, or dissolving the agent in the appropriate solvent to emulsify or suspend it, and further mixing it with an appropriate base.
  • the agent for treatment or prevention of the inflammatory bowel disease and the inhibitor of the TNF- ⁇ production of the present invention can be administered orally or parenterally. Contents of the above amino acids, additives and nutritional ingredients are controlled so that the aforementioned amount to be administered daily can be accomplished by dosing once or several times daily.
  • the preferable method of administration includes oral administration, enteral administration (trans-gastric administration, trans-duodenal administration, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) using a tube, or an enema is preferable), and intravenous administration.
  • Balb/c background IL-10 deficient mice were established from C57BL/6 background IL-10 deficient mice by back-crossing for seventh generations. Balb/c background IL-10 deficient mice spontaneously develop the colitis with aging and exhibit symptoms such as diarrhea. Spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and sacral lymph nodes were collected from the IL-10 gene-deficient Balb/c mice (male) which had developed the colitis detected by observing the diarrhea symptoms. After preparing single cell suspensions, the cells at about 1 ⁇ 10 7 were injected intraperitoneally to Scid mice which were immunodeficiency mice (hereinafter the Scid mouse injected IP was referred to as an “experiment mouse”). Subsequently, a chow was changed to an experimental diet.
  • An amino acid mixture A is composed of the following amino acids (% by weight is represented in terms of free amino acid).
  • Magnesium potassium L-aspartate 7.35% by weight
  • Example 6 Example 7
  • Example 8 non- Standard Standard chow + Standard chow + Standard chow + Standard chow + treatment chow Gly(5%) Trp(5%) Met(5%) Cys(5%) Colon Mean 210.1 573.0 437.1 236.7 307.7 375.4 weight SE 6.3 29.0 32.0 22.9 25.3 12.8 n 7 7 7 7 7 Rate of inhibiting 37.4 92.7 73.1 54.4 weight gain of colon (%)
  • Example 10 Example 11 Standard chow + standard chow + Standard chow + Normal Control Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid
  • Example 12 Example 13 Non- Standard mixture A mixture A mixture A Standard chow + Standard chow + treatment chow (10%) (20%) (30%) Phe(5%) Thr(5%) Colon weight Mean 219.2 556.4 488.6 455.5 383.3 392.8 468.2 SE 8.3 69.3 16.2 22.6 29.2 30.8 13.2 n 1 7 1 1 7 7 7 Rate of 23.4 32.1 51.1 48.5 28.8 inhibiting weight gain of colon (%)
  • the experimental diet obtained by mixing the amino acids shown in Table 6 with the standard chow was given to the experiment mice, and after three weeks, the colon was removed.
  • a colon sample was homogenized with 500 ⁇ L of Isogen (Nippon Gene).
  • the homogenate mixed with 100 ⁇ L of chloroform was centrifuged at 15,000 rpm at 4° C. and an aqueous layer was collected.
  • An equivalent amount of 2-propanol was added thereto, which was then centrifuged at 15,000 rpm at 4° C.
  • a resulting pellet was washed with 70% (v/v) ethanol, dried in air and dissolved in water treated with DEPC.
  • RNA and oligo (dT) were dissolved in 12 ⁇ L of DEPC-treated water, heated at 70° C. for 10 minutes, and cooled on ice for one minute. Subsequently, 4 ⁇ L of 5 ⁇ 1st strand buffer, 1 ⁇ L of 10 mM dNTP mix and 2 ⁇ L of 100 mM DTT were added thereto. The mixture was reacted at 42° C. for 5 minutes. 1 ⁇ L (200 U) of SuperScriptII was added, and the mixture was reacted at 42° C. for 50 minutes and 70° C. for 15 minutes.
  • a gene expression assay based on PCR was performed using SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems) and ABI PRISM 7700 System.
  • SYBR Green PCR Master Mix comprises SYBR Green and heat resistant DNA polymerase, and detects fluorescence generated by specifically binding SYBR Green to a double strand DNA amplified by PCR using ABI PRISM 7700 System.
  • Gene expression amounts of the samples can be compared by comparing the numbers of PCR cycles at which a significant fluorescence signal is detected for the first time.
  • a forward primer and a reverse primer at each 7.5 ⁇ mol of each gene were added to 7.5 ⁇ L of SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems), and the total volume was made to be 15 ⁇ L with water.
  • the PCR was performed by 40 cycles of the reaction at 95° C. for 10 seconds, 60° C. for 30 seconds and 72° C. for 30 seconds after reacting at 95° C. for 10 minutes.
  • the sequences of the primers used for the quantitative RT-PCR are as follows. (SEQ ID NO:1) Forward primer: CCACCACGCTCTTCTGTCTA (SEQ ID NO:2) Reverse primer: AGGGTCTGGGCCATAGAACT
  • Inhibitory rate of TNF- ⁇ mRNA expression [1 ⁇ Relative amount of TNF- ⁇ mRNA expression in target group ⁇ Relative amount of TNF- ⁇ mRNA expression in cell transfer group)/(Relative amount of TNF- ⁇ mRNA expression in standard chow group ⁇ Relative amount of TNF- ⁇ mRNA expression in cell transfer group)] ⁇ 100(%)
  • Reg3 ⁇ forward primer AACAGAGGTGGATGGGAGTG
  • Reg3 ⁇ reverse primer GGGTACCACAGTGATTGCCT
  • Gro ⁇ forward primer GCTGGGATTCACCTCAAGAA
  • Gro ⁇ reverse primer AAGGGAGCTTCAGGGTCAAG

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WO2011126163A1 (fr) * 2010-04-08 2011-10-13 주식회사 웰스킨 Composition de blanchiment de la peau contenant un dipeptide
WO2015051337A3 (fr) * 2013-10-04 2015-11-19 Emory University Méthodes de traitement de troubles gastro-intestinaux
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010114275A2 (fr) * 2009-03-31 2010-10-07 주식회사 웰스킨 Composition pour inhiber un érythème provoqué par un rayonnement ultraviolet et contenant un dipeptide en tant que principe actif
WO2010114275A3 (fr) * 2009-03-31 2011-03-17 주식회사 웰스킨 Composition pour inhiber un érythème provoqué par un rayonnement ultraviolet et contenant un dipeptide en tant que principe actif
WO2011126163A1 (fr) * 2010-04-08 2011-10-13 주식회사 웰스킨 Composition de blanchiment de la peau contenant un dipeptide
US10426765B2 (en) 2012-06-15 2019-10-01 Conaris Research Institute Ag Pharmaceutical composition containing nicotinic acid and/or nicotinamide and/or tryptophan for positively influencing the intestinal microbiota
WO2015051337A3 (fr) * 2013-10-04 2015-11-19 Emory University Méthodes de traitement de troubles gastro-intestinaux
US10758552B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2020-09-01 Conaris Research Institute Ag Pharmaceutical composition containing combinations of nicotinamide and 5-aminosalicylic acid for beneficially influencing the intestinal microbiota and/or treating gastrointestinal inflammation
US10888555B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2021-01-12 Conaris Research Institute Ag Pharmaceutical composition containing nicotinic acid and/or nicotinamide for beneficially influencing blood lipid levels by modifying the intestinal microbiota
US10849926B2 (en) 2015-11-30 2020-12-01 The Noguchi Institute GM3-promoted inflammation inhibitor and inflammatory cytokine production inhibitor
WO2019246310A1 (fr) * 2018-06-20 2019-12-26 Axcella Health Inc. Compositions et procédés pour la réduction ou le traitement d'une inflammation
CN112839712A (zh) * 2018-06-20 2021-05-25 胺细拉健康公司 用于减少或治疗发炎的组合物和方法

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