US20070269274A1 - Rock Bolt - Google Patents

Rock Bolt Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070269274A1
US20070269274A1 US10/559,468 US55946804A US2007269274A1 US 20070269274 A1 US20070269274 A1 US 20070269274A1 US 55946804 A US55946804 A US 55946804A US 2007269274 A1 US2007269274 A1 US 2007269274A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
drilling
shaft
sleeve
rock bolt
bolt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US10/559,468
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English (en)
Inventor
Ross Seedsman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DUNEFIRE Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
DUNEFIRE Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2003902774A external-priority patent/AU2003902774A0/en
Priority claimed from AU2004900773A external-priority patent/AU2004900773A0/en
Application filed by DUNEFIRE Pty Ltd filed Critical DUNEFIRE Pty Ltd
Assigned to DUNEFIRE PTY LTD. reassignment DUNEFIRE PTY LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SEEDSMAN, ROSS
Publication of US20070269274A1 publication Critical patent/US20070269274A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0053—Anchoring-bolts in the form of lost drilling rods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drilling member and a rock bolt suitable for use in the mining and tunneling industry.
  • Roof and wall support is a crucial aspect of mining and tunneling-operations.
  • Mine and tunnel walls and roofs consist of rock strata, which must be reinforced to prevent the possibility of collapse.
  • Rock bolts are widely used for consolidating the rock strata.
  • a rod is anchored and often tensioned in a hole drilled transversely through the rock strata for this purpose.
  • the bolt is secured using a resin or cement based grouting fluid, which is inserted around the rod and activated.
  • Self drilling rock bolts combine drilling and insertion of the bolt into the drilled hole.
  • Self drilling rock bolts typically have a drilling tip attached to the end of a tubular steel member so that the hole is drilled and the bolt inserted simultaneously.
  • Self drilling rock bolts are not commonly used in the mining industry due to the high cost of the tubular steel that is used to provide both access to flushing and grouting fluids and the structural strength that is required to consolidate the rock.
  • the present invention provides a drilling member having opposite first and second ends and a shaft (or first elongate member) extending between the ends, at least one drill tip disposed at the first end and the second end being adapted to be connected to a drilling apparatus to allow rotation of and thrust to the bolt, a sleeve (or second elongate member) extending between along and around the shaft, and a passage formed between the sleeve and the shaft to allow fluid to be passed along the bolt shaft.
  • drilling fluid may be passed along the shaft and across the first end to assist in flushing of material from the rock face during drilling.
  • This fluid may be water, or similar liquid, in a wet drilling process, or may be air in a vacuum drilling process. Also the fluid may be forced along the passage to the first end, or alternatively may be drawn from the first end towards the second end.
  • the first end incorporates at least one drill tip that extends radially from the drilling member axis a distance greater than the sleeve.
  • an outer passage is formed between the side of the drilled hole and the sleeve. The forming of an outer passage promotes a circulation path in the drilled hole where fluid can be directed towards the first end through one passage and passes from the first end to exit the hole along the other passage.
  • the at least one drill tip is fixed to one end of the shaft.
  • the drilling member further comprises a drill bit which is connected to an end of the shaft and incorporates the drill tip thereon.
  • openings are provided to the passage.
  • these openings are provided at, or adjacent the respective ends of the sleeve.
  • a channel may be provided that allows fluid to be introduced into the passage through a collar piece that extends about the shaft adjacent its second end.
  • Another channel may be formed adjacent the first end to facilitate the flow of fluid between the passage and the drill tip. At least part of the channel that extends to the drill tip may be located within the drilling member.
  • the shaft is operative to accommodate the compressive and torsional loading acting on the drilling member during drilling.
  • the sleeve has substantially less strength than the shaft.
  • the shaft is formed from steel rod.
  • the shaft is formed from a fibre reinforced material such as fiberglass.
  • the sleeve is formed from plastic.
  • the sleeve is formed from sheet metal, typically a thin gauge sheet metal.
  • the drilling member is arranged to be fixed in a hole drilled by the drilling member so as to form a self drilling rock bolt.
  • the passages are used to introduce grout into the drilled hole and are also able to be filled to promote adequate bonding of the bolt to the rock.
  • the outer surface of the self drilling rock bolt is rough or convoluted to promote bonding of grout to the shaft.
  • the inner and outer surfaces of the sleeve are also rough or convoluted.
  • the self drilling rock bolt further comprises an anchoring device which is operative to retain the rock bolt in the drilled hole.
  • the anchoring device is movable from a retracted position where the device does not impede drilling of the hole, to an expanded position where the device is arranged to retain the rock bolt in the drilled hole.
  • the bolt is operative to be rotated in a first direction to effect drilling, and operative to be rotated in a second opposite direction to move the anchoring device from its retracted to its expanded position.
  • the sleeve may be deformable upon the application of an axial force towards the first end of the sleeve and when so deformed, the sleeve extends radially beyond the drill tip.
  • the rock bolt may further comprise an engaging surface in which the sleeve is deformed on relative movement of the sleeve across the engaging surface.
  • the engaging surface may be located on the shaft. Alternatively, the engaging surface may be located on the drill bit.
  • the sleeve may be deformable under axial compression or the sleeve may incorporate at least one weakened area that facilitates deformation of the sleeve.
  • the at least one weakened area may be in the form of a slit formed in the sleeve.
  • the anchoring device is located proximate the first end and is operative in response to axial movement of the shaft relative to the sleeve.
  • the anchoring device is formed part of, or connected to, the sleeve. In one form, the anchoring device is operative on deformation of the sleeve.
  • the anchoring device is in the form of at least one expansion shell that is displaceable radially outwardly.
  • the rock bolt incorporates an engaging surface and the at least one expansion shell becomes operative on movement of the engaging surface across an inner surface of the at least one expansion shell.
  • the self drilling rock bolt further comprises a collar piece that extends about the shaft adjacent it's second end and is displaceable axially along the bolt shaft.
  • the sleeve may be displaceable along the shaft in response to movement of the collar piece along the shaft.
  • the collar piece may be connected to the shaft by an external thread on the shaft that engages with a complementary inner thread of the collar piece.
  • the rock bolt is adapted to be connected to the drilling apparatus by connection of the drilling apparatus with the collar piece.
  • the self drilling rock bolt further comprises an abutment member located proximate the second end, the abutment member being displaceable along the shaft and having an abutment surface that faces towards the first end and projects radially from the bolt axis a distance greater than the drill tip.
  • the drill shaft and sleeve of the self drilling rock bolt are each formed from a plurality of sections that are connected together.
  • the invention provides a shaft and sleeve combination for use in a drilling member or rock bolt as described above.
  • the shaft is arranged to receive a drill tip at a first end thereof.
  • the drill tip may be connected directly to the shaft, or alternatively is mounted on a drill bit which is secured to the shaft.
  • the present invention provides a drill bit comprising a bit body having opposite ends and a wall surface extending between the ends, at least one drill tip located at one end and the bit being adapted to be connected to a drill rod at the other end, wherein a least one channel extends from the wall surface to the at least one drill tip.
  • the drill bit may further include a wall portion from the wall surface that tapers outwardly towards the one end.
  • a method of drilling comprising: drilling a hole into the rock using a drilling member having a drilling end and an opposite end connected to a drilling apparatus; and providing drilling fluid to the drilling end during drilling of the hole by conveying fluid along the outer surface of the bolt shaft.
  • a method of stabilising rock comprising: drilling a hole into the rock using a self drilling rock bolt having a drilling end and an opposite end connected to a drilling apparatus; providing drilling fluid to the drilling end during drilling of the hole by conveying fluid along the outer surface of the bolt shaft; and fixing the rock bolt within the hole to stabilise the rock.
  • the drilling fluid may be guided along the shaft in a passage defined by a sleeve disposed around and along the shaft.
  • a further passage may be formed between the sleeve and the side of the hole and drilling fluid is caused to flow to the drilling end through one passage and to be removed from the hole through the other passage.
  • the drilling fluid may be pumped to the drilling end from the second end, or the fluid may be drawn towards the second end under a suction arrangement.
  • Grout may be introduced into the hole to fix the rock bolt to the rock.
  • the rock bolt may be initially anchored within the hole prior to introducing grout into the hole.
  • the shaft of the drilling member or the rock bolt described in any form above may be, for example, a hollow rod having a circular cross-section, a solid rod having a circular cross-section, a hollow rod having a non-circular cross-section or a solid rod having a non-circular cross-section.
  • the shaft may feature a smooth axially outer surface or alternatively a rough or irregular surface, the rough or irregular surface providing additional bonding between grout and the first elongate member.
  • the sleeve may be, for example, a hollow rod having a circular cross-section or a hollow rod having a non-circular cross-section.
  • the inner and outer surfaces of the sleeve may be smooth or alternatively a rough or irregular surface, the rough or irregular surface providing additional bonding between grout and the sleeve and between the sleeve and the rock face.
  • the sleeve may be corrugated to provide additional bonding between grouting fluid and the sleeve, the corrugation providing stress transfer between the inner and outer surface of the sleeve.
  • the corrugations may be helical or radial and the depth of the corrugations may be proportional to the radius of the sleeve.
  • the shaft may be comprised of an elevated tensile strength material, such as steel, suitable for acting as a structural member.
  • the shaft may be comprised of an elevated tensile strength material such as fibreglass, suitable for acting both as a structural member and as a structural member which can be cut through once the bolt has been positioned in the rock face by drilling. This allows the rock face that has been bolted to be subsequently excavated.
  • an elevated tensile strength material such as fibreglass
  • the sleeve may be comprised of a material such as a metal or a composite of multiple elongate metal members and a lower cost plastic tube, having enough longitudinal axial rigidity to allow engagement of the expansion shells.
  • the sleeve may comprise a plastic tube with a discontinuous steel end collar.
  • the access channels and shaft may be forged.
  • the first end of the shaft comprises a drill bit means
  • the drill bit means may include at least one access channel to allow the influx and efflux of materials during drilling and grouting.
  • the sleeve may include a material such as a metal or a composite of multiple elongate metal members and a lower cost plastic tube.
  • the sleeve may include a plastic tube.
  • the plastic tube is made from a long life plastic such as polyethylene. The plastic is non-corroding and, should a crack form in the grout, the plastic tube acts as a barrier stopping the crack so that it does not allow water to reach the bolt and corrode it, which would reduce the life of the rock bolt.
  • the second end of the shaft is further adapted to provide attachment to a first end of an extension shaft (or third elongate member), and the sleeve includes a second end adapted to provide attachment to the first end of an extension sleeve (or fourth elongate member).
  • the shaft is arranged to be lockable to the extension shaft to substantially prevent relative rotation between the two in at least one rotational direction when locked together.
  • the rock bolt may additionally comprise an extension shaft and a extension sleeve in the form described above.
  • the drilling apparatus may comprise rotational driving means removably connected to the second end of the shaft (in one form through the collar piece) for advancing the drill bit means rotatably through rock in a first rotational direction and in one form for activating the anchoring device in the first rotational direction.
  • the drilling apparatus comprises rotational driving means removably connected to the attachment means for advancing the drill bit means rotatably through rock in a first rotational direction and for activating the anchoring device in a second opposite rotational direction.
  • the grout is injected into the cavity between the shaft and sleeve after drilling and transverse expansion of the sleeve.
  • a plate may be provided attached to the shaft, the plate being arranged to substantially prevent relative rotation of the attachment means and shaft in a first direction of rotation.
  • the present invention provides a method of drilling, the method comprising (a) drilling a drill member, the drill member comprising a shaft and sleeve, the shaft comprising a first end adapted to penetrate rock and a second end adapted to provide attachment for actuating means, into a rock face, while flushing a cooling agent between the shaft, sleeve and rock face in the region of the first end of the shaft; and (b) removing the drill member from the rock once a hole of the desired depth has been drilled.
  • the cooling and/or flushing fluids may be a liquid (e.g. water) or a gas (e.g. air).
  • the cooling and/or flushing fluids and grouting fluid may be injected through one or more access channels.
  • the shaft could comprise a first end adapted to receive means to penetrate rock, such as a drill bit. This would allow replacement of the drill bit due to wear or to suit specific conditions.
  • the present invention provides a method of supporting rock, the method comprising (a) drilling a rock bolt, the rock bolt comprising a shaft and sleeve, the shaft comprising a first end adapted to penetrate rock and a second end adapted to provide attachment for actuating means, into a rock face, while flushing a cooling agent through a cavity between the shaft and sleeve, and past the rock face in the region of the first end of the shaft, (b) injecting grouting fluid between the shaft, sleeve and rock face, and (c) waiting a preset time period for the grouting fluid to set.
  • the present invention provides a method of supporting rock, the method comprising (a) drilling a rock bolt, the rock bolt having a shaft and sleeve, the shaft comprising a first end adapted to penetrate rock and a second end adapted to provide attachment for actuating means, into a rock face while flushing a cooling agent through a cavity between the shaft and sleeve, and past the rock face in the region of the first end of the shaft, (b) providing an extension rod comprising third and fourth elongate members and extending the length of the shaft by locking a third elongate member into the second end of the shaft, the third elongate member comprising a first end adapted to lock with the second end of the shaft so as to substantially prevent relative rotation between the shaft and the third elongate member in at least the rotational direction of drilling, and the fourth elongate member comprising a first end adapted to attach to the second end of the sleeve, (c) extending the length of the sleeve
  • the method could further include using a rock bolt having a shaft also comprising a first end adapted to penetrate rock and a portion of greater transverse dimension than a portion of the sleeve adapted for transverse expansion.
  • the method could further include tensioning the rock bolt via an internally threaded collar.
  • the cooling and/or flushing fluids and grouting fluid may be injected through one or more access channels.
  • the method could further include passing the flushing, cooling and grouting fluids through a cavity extending between the third and fourth elongate members to the cavity between the shaft and sleeve and past the rock face in the region of the first end of the shaft.
  • the sleeve of the rock bolt used in the method may additionally include an anchoring device adapted for transverse expansion.
  • the sleeve may be moved longitudinally toward the first end of the shaft, to cause the anchoring device adapted for transverse expansion to expand transversely and retain the bolt in the rock face.
  • the longitudinal movement may be caused by rotation of the shaft and/or sleeve, causing the shaft to push the sleeve toward the first end of the shaft.
  • the longitudinal movement may be caused by relative rotation of the shaft and sleeve, pushing the sleeve toward the first end of the shaft, causing expansion of the portion adapted for transverse expansion.
  • the rock bolt may then be tensioned by further relative rotation of shaft.
  • FIGS. 1 a and b show a rock bolt of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a rock bolt with expansion shells engaged.
  • FIGS. 3 a, b and c show an alternative rock bolt of the invention.
  • FIGS. 4 a, b, c and d show a further alternative rock bolt of the invention.
  • FIGS. 5 a, b and c show another alternative rock bolt of the invention.
  • FIGS. 6 a, b, c and d show an alternative rock bolt of a fifth aspect of the invention.
  • FIGS. 7 a, b and c show an alternative rock bolt of a sixth aspect of the invention.
  • FIGS. 8 a, b and c show an alternative rock bolt of a seventh aspect of the invention.
  • FIGS. 9 a and b show a drill of an eighth aspect of the invention.
  • FIGS. 10 a, b and c show a further alternative rock bolt of the invention.
  • FIGS. 11 a, b and c show another alternative rock bolt of the invention.
  • Figure Ia shows a rock bolt 10 of an embodiment of the invention comprising:
  • first elongate member, or shaft, 11 and a second elongate member, or sleeve, 12 wherein the first elongate member 11 is disposed at least partially, longitudinally inside the second elongate member 12 , the first elongate member 11 comprising a first end 13 , at a first end of the bolt 10 , in the form of means, in the present embodiment a drill bit, adapted to penetrate rock and a second end 14 , at a second end of the bolt which is threaded with an external thread and provided with a collar piece 15 which has an internal, or complementary inner, thread adapted to provide attachment for actuating means by a hexagonal engaging region shown in FIG. 1 b .
  • the second elongate member 12 is adapted for transverse expansion along at least a portion of its length through provision of an anchoring device in the form of expansion shells 16 .
  • the rock bolt 10 of FIG. 1 is drilled into the rock wall by attaching a drilling apparatus (not shown) to the internally threaded collar piece 15 and rotating threaded collar piece 15 , first elongate member 11 and drill bit means 13 .
  • a channel, cavity, or passage, 17 between elongate members 11 and 12 can be provided, and used to transmit water or air while drilling to flush out drilling residue and reduce the temperature of the drill bit means 13 .
  • Following drilling and insertion of the rock bolt 10 into the rock internally threaded collar piece 15 is reverse rotated causing the internally threaded collar piece 15 to advance towards the first end 13 of the first elongate member 11 along the complementary external thread provided thereon.
  • Advancement of second elongate member 12 brings the anchoring device, in the present embodiment expansion shells 16 , into engagement with a portion of first elongate member 11 of greater transverse dimension than the unexpanded transverse dimension of the expansion shells 16 .
  • the transverse force caused by this engagement causes deformation in the form of transverse expansion of the expansion shells 16 thereby wedging the rock bolt 10 in the hole drilled by drill bit means 13 .
  • the anchoring device in the form of expansion shells 16 incorporates at least one weakened area in the form of a slit in the second elongate member 12 .
  • the second end 14 of first elongate member 11 may be adapted (by providing a pin such as a cotter or spring pin attached through the end of first elongate member 11 for example) so that threaded collar piece 15 cannot be removed.
  • Grout can also be injected into the channel, cavity, or passage 17 between the elongate members for additional reinforcement.
  • FIGS. 3 a, b and c show a rock bolt 20 of an embodiment of the invention comprising a first elongate member, or shaft, 21 and a second elongate member, or sleeve, 22 .
  • the first end of the first elongate member 21 comprises, as rock penetrating means, or drill bit, an integral drill tip 23 in the form of a wedge cutting head, which extends radially from the bolt axis by a distance greater than that of the second elongate member.
  • the second end of first elongate member 21 comprises an externally threaded portion 24 upon which is threaded internally, or complementary inner, threaded nut, or collar piece, 25 .
  • Second elongate member 22 is comprised of an elongate hollow tube 26 having a low strength wall and higher strength expansion shells, or anchoring device, 27 located at one end.
  • the first ends of the first and second elongate members 21 , 22 correspond to a first end of the bolt 20 .
  • FIG. 3 a shows the first elongate member 21 separated from the second elongate member 22 .
  • FIG. 3 b shows the rock bolt 20 drilling into a wall in a first rotational direction by means of drill tip 23 and a drill actuating means, or drilling apparatus, (not shown) acting on nut 25 .
  • the end of elongate member 21 is adapted (by providing a washer attached to the end of elongate member 21 for example) so that nut 25 cannot be removed.
  • First elongate member 21 is disposed partially within elongate member 22 with drill tip 23 protruding above expansion shells 27 .
  • Drill tip 23 is dimensioned to drill a hole large enough to receive both the first elongate member 21 and second elongate member 22 .
  • nut 25 is tightened by turning the nut 25 in a second rotational direction.
  • a washer, or abutment member, 28 extends beyond the hole drilled in the wall so that tightening nut 25 pushes washer 28 into abutment with second elongate member 22 and then urges expansion shells 27 of second elongate member 22 into abutment with drill tip 23 .
  • Washer 28 has an abutment surface that faces toward the first end of the bolt and projects radially from the bolt axis a distance greater than the drill tip 23 .
  • Drill tip 23 has a splayed portion of larger external dimension than the internal dimension of expansion shells 27 so that as tightening nut 25 urges expansion shells 27 against drill tip 23 , expansion shells 27 expand to accommodate drill tip 23 , this expansion forcing expansion shells 27 into contact with the sides of the hole.
  • FIG. 3 c shows rock bolt 20 at the end of this procedure with elongate hollow tube 26 having a low strength wall distorted, or deformed, by the axial force acting on the tube, and higher strength expansion shells 27 expanded into contact with the
  • FIG. 4 a shows another rock bolt 30 of an embodiment of the invention.
  • Rock bolt 30 comprises a first elongate member, or shaft, 31 and a second elongate member, or sleeve, 32 .
  • First elongate member, or shaft, 31 is disposed partially, longitudinally inside second elongate member 32 .
  • First elongate member 31 comprises a first end, which comprises an external thread 33 , and a second end 34 comprising a drive element, or attachment means, 35 shown in plan view in FIG. 4 b in the section taken along line C-C of FIG. 4 a .
  • drive element 35 is surrounded by access holes, or channels, 36 .
  • Second elongate member 32 comprises an anchoring device in the form of expansion shells 38 located at its second end 39 .
  • Rock penetrating means, or drill bit, in the form of drill tip 40 is internally threaded with a thread 41 that matches external thread 33 and comprises access holes 42 adjacent thread 41 and a central flushing hole 43 as shown in the cross sections of FIGS. 4 c and 4 d taken along lines A-A and B-B respectively.
  • External thread 33 includes a transversely oriented plate member 45 at the first end of first elongate member 31 to prevent counter rotation of the drill tip 40 .
  • Drill tip 40 comprises a tapered lower edge 44 . Drill tip 40 is attached to the first end, via external thread 33 .
  • Drill tip 40 protrudes beyond expansion shells 38 and is dimensioned to drill a hole of sufficient diameter to receive rock bolt 30 .
  • Flushing hole, or channel, 43 and access holes 36 and 42 allow influx and efflux of materials during drilling to assist the drilling process.
  • Drilling is actuated by attachment of a drilling mechanism, or apparatus, to drive element 35 .
  • the drilling mechanism is counter-rotated, screwing external thread of first end 37 into thread 41 to urge drill tip 40 against expansion shells 38 causing expansion shells 38 to expand.
  • Plate member 45 stops any further relative rotation of the drill tip 40 to prevent first elongate member being rotated out of drill tip 40 during drilling.
  • FIG. 5 a shows a further rock bolt 50 of the invention.
  • Rock bolt 50 comprises a first elongate member, or shaft, 51 and a second elongate member, or sleeve, 52 .
  • First elongate member 51 is disposed partially, longitudinally inside second elongate member 52 .
  • First elongate member 51 comprises a first end 53 , and a second end 54 , which is adapted to a receive nut, or collar piece, 54 a that can receive a drill actuating means, or drilling apparatus, (not shown).
  • Second end 54 comprises transversely oriented plate member 55 installed so that the nut 54 a cannot be removed.
  • First elongate member 51 also comprises longitudinal grooves 56 .
  • Rock penetrating means in the form of drill bit means 60 is adapted to be butt welded at end 61 to first end 53 of first elongate member 51 .
  • Drill bit means 60 comprises a cutting head, or drill tip, 62 and an external thread 64 that matches internal thread 65 inside tapered collar, or engaging surface, 63 .
  • the wider part of tapered collar 63 is disposed towards cutting head 62 and the narrower part towards end 61 and comprises access holes, or channels, 66 .
  • tapered collar 63 of drill bit means 60 comprises channels 67 and an internal thread 65 as shown in the cross section of FIG. 5 a taken along the line A-A.
  • Drill bit means 60 is butt-welded to end 53 .
  • Drill bit means 60 protrudes beyond end 57 of second elongate member 52 .
  • the lower edge of tapered collar 63 allows drill bit means 60 to pass inside second elongate member 52 until the width of tapered collar 63 matches the inner diameter of second elongate member 52 .
  • Drill bit means 60 is dimensioned to drill a hole of sufficient diameter to receive rock bolt 50 . Grooves, or channels, 56 allow influx and efflux of materials during drilling to assist the drilling process. Drilling is actuated by attachment of the drilling apparatus to nut 54 a . When a hole of the required depth has been drilled, the drilling apparatus is counter rotated to urge nut 54 a against washer, or abutment member, 58 and washer 58 against the wall.
  • FIG. 6 a shows a rock bolt 70 of a fifth embodiment of the invention. Where parts of the rock bolt correspond to those of the third aspect, the reference numerals of FIG. 5 a have been used.
  • the rock bolt 70 comprises: a first elongate member, or shaft, 71 and a second elongate member, or sleeve, 72 .
  • First elongate member 71 is disposed partially, longitudinally inside second elongate member 72 .
  • First elongate member 71 comprises a first end 73 A, and a second end 73 B, which is adapted to receive nut, or collar piece, 54 a that can receive a drill actuating means (not shown).
  • Second end 73 B comprises a substantially ‘T’ shaped bore 55 A to allow influx and efflux of materials during drilling to assist the drilling process.
  • the first and second ends of the first and second elongate members 71 , 72 correspond to first and second ends of the rock bolt 70 .
  • Nut 54 a is welded to the first elongate member 71 so that the nut 54 a cannot be removed and so that turning the nut 54 a also turns the first elongate member 71 .
  • the first end 73 A of first elongate member 71 comprises means 74 adapted to penetrate rock in the form of a drill bit.
  • Drill bit means 74 comprises a cutting head or drill tip 75 and channels 76 to provide a return path for the flushing and grouting fluids, shown in the cross section of FIG. 6 c taken along the line A-A.
  • Drill bit 74 is suitably attached to the first end 73 A of first elongate member 71 e.g. by brazing, butt-welding, forging or the like. Drill bit 74 protrudes beyond end 73 C of second elongate member 72 . Drill bit 74 is dimensioned to drill a hole of sufficient diameter to receive rock bolt 70 .
  • Second elongate member 71 is corrugated, the corrugation providing stress transfer between the inner and outer surface of the second elongate member 71 .
  • the corrugations may be helical or radial and the depth of the corrugations is proportional to the radius of the second elongate member.
  • FIG. 6 d shows the corrugations of second elongate member 72 in detail.
  • the second elongate member has corrugations on its inner and outer surface; the corrugation is defined by its peak 79 a and trough 79 b .
  • the corrugations have sufficient amplitude so that the notional centre line in FIG. 6 d enters the regions of both the peak 79 a and trough 79 b.
  • Bolts according to any of the embodiments described above and below may also include the corrugated second elongate member.
  • Second elongate member 72 is suitably held in place e.g. by a tapered collar, or engaging surface, washer, or abutment member, or the like. Drilling is actuated by attachment of a drilling mechanism or apparatus [not shown] to nut 54 a and rotating the first elongate member 71 and drill bit 74 in a first rotational direction. Engagement of the drill bit means 74 with the rock requires the application of longitudinal (axial) pressure against the rock face in conjunction with the rotational action of the drilling apparatus. During drilling the drill bit 74 is cooled with a cooling agent, which is injected in a second cavity 78 between the rock face and second member 72 . The cooling agent flows into and out of the second cavity 78 between the rock face and second member.
  • grouting fluid is injected into a first cavity, or passage, 77 , which is annular, between the first and second member until the first cavity 77 is filled with grouting fluid.
  • Grouting fluid may also be injected into the second. cavity 78 .
  • the cooling fluid may also be injected into, or flow out of the first cavity. A circulation path between the first and second cavities may occur.
  • the bolt 70 is then left to set in the grouting fluid.
  • such a T type channel in the first elongate member could be used in any embodiment of the invention shown. Such a channel is particularly used where a cotter pin is not used to secure the nut to the first elongate member.
  • FIG. 7 a shows a rock bolt 80 of an alternative version of the sixth embodiment of the invention.
  • the rock bolt 80 comprises a first elongate member, or shaft, 81 and a second elongate member, or sleeve, 82 .
  • First elongate member 81 is disposed partially, longitudinally inside second elongate member 82 .
  • the expandable end collar 87 is made of an elevated compressive strength material such as steel.
  • First elongate member 81 comprises a first end 83 A, and a second end 83 B, which is adapted to receive nut, or collar piece, 54 a that can receive a drill actuating means, or drilling apparatus (not shown).
  • First end 83 A of second elongate member 82 comprises an anchoring device in the form of an expandable end collar 87 to expand into contact with the sides of the drilled hole.
  • Second end 83 B comprises transversely oriented pin 55 A such as a cotter or spring pin installed below nut 54 a and through first elongate member 81 so that the nut 54 a in one direction cannot be removed and so that turning the nut 54 a also turns the first elongate member 81 .
  • First elongate member 81 also comprises access channels in the form of longitudinal grooves 56 .
  • the first end 83 A of first elongate member 81 comprises drill bit means 84 adapted to penetrate rock.
  • Drill bit means 84 comprises a cutting head, or drill tip, 85 and tapered collar, or engaging surface, 86 .
  • the wider part of tapered collar 86 is disposed towards cutting head 85 and the narrower part towards end collar 87 and comprises access holes, or channels, 87 A.
  • tapered collar 86 of drill bit means 84 comprises channels 90 of lesser radial extent that the rest of the tapered collar 86 , to provide a return path for the flushing and grouting fluids, shown in the cross section of FIG. 7 a taken along the line A-A.
  • Drill bit means 84 is suitably attached to tapered collar 86 e.g. by brazing, butt welding forging or the like.
  • Tapered collar 86 protrudes beyond end 83 C of second elongate member 82 .
  • the lower edge of the taper of collar 86 allows tapered collar 86 to pass inside second elongate member 82 until the width of collar 86 matches the inner diameter of second elongate member 82 .
  • Drill bit means 84 is dimensioned to drill a hole of sufficient diameter to receive rock bolt 80 .
  • Access channels in the form of grooves 56 allow influx and efflux of materials during drilling to assist the drilling process. Drilling is actuated by attachment of a drilling mechanism, or apparatus, [not shown] to nut, or collar piece, 54 a and rotating the first elongate member 81 and drill bit means 84 in a first rotational direction.
  • the drill bit means 84 is cooled with a cooling agent, which is injected through access channels 56 at the second end 83 B of the first elongate member 81 .
  • the cooling agent flows in a first cavity, or passage, 88 between the first and second member and flows out of the first cavity 88 through access channels 87 A and a flushing hole 91 in the drill bit means 84 before being flushed back in a second cavity 89 between the rock face and the second elongate member 82 .
  • the drilling mechanism When a hole of the required depth has been drilled, the drilling mechanism is counter rotated to urge nut 54 a against washer 58 and washer 58 against the wall, washer 58 urges second elongate member 82 against tapered collar 86 .
  • the drilling mechanism is further rotated to urge nut 54 a against washer 58 and washer 58 against the wall, washer 58 urges second elongate member 82 against tapered collar 86 .
  • grouting fluid is injected through access channels 56 at the second end 83 B of the first elongate member 81 .
  • the grouting fluid flows in a first cavity, or passage, 88 between the first and second member and flows out of the first cavity 88 through access channels 87 A and flushing hole 91 in the drill bit means 84 before being flushed back towards washer 58 in a second cavity 89 between the rock face and the second elongate member 82 .
  • the grouting fluid is injected until both cavities 88 , 89 are filled with grouting fluid and the bolt 80 is then left to set in the grouting fluid. Once the grouting fluid has set, the rock bolt can be optionally tensioned using the internally threaded collar.
  • FIGS. 8 a, b and c show a rock bolt 20 of a seventh embodiment of the invention. Where parts of the rock bolt correspond to those of the second aspect, the reference numerals of FIG. 3 have been used.
  • the rock bolt 20 comprising a first elongate member, or shaft, 21 and a second elongate member, or sleeve, 22 .
  • the first end of the first elongate member 21 comprises, as rock penetrating means, an integral drill tip 23 in the form of a wedge cutting head.
  • the second end of first elongate member 21 comprises an externally threaded portion 24 upon which is threaded internally, or complimentary inner, threaded collar piece 25 .
  • Second elongate member 22 is comprised of an elongate hollow tube 26 having a low strength wall and higher strength end collar, or anchoring device, 99 located atone end.
  • FIG. 8 a shows the first elongate member 21 separated from the second elongate member 22 .
  • FIG. 8 b shows the rock bolt 20 drilling into a wall in a first rotational direction by means of drill tip 23 and a drill actuating means (not shown) acting on attachment means provided by collar piece 25 .
  • the end of elongate member 21 is adapted (by providing a plate member attached to the end of elongate member 21 for example) so that collar piece 25 cannot be removed.
  • First elongate member 21 is disposed partially within elongate member 22 with drill tip 23 protruding above end collar 99 .
  • Drill tip 23 is dimensioned to drill a hole large enough to receive both the first elongate member 21 and second elongate member 22 .
  • collar piece 25 is tightened.
  • Washer, or abutment member, 28 extends beyond the hole drilled in the wall so that tightening collar piece 25 pushes washer 28 into abutment with second elongate member 22 and then second elongate member 22 into abutment with end collar 99 .
  • Drill tip 23 has a splayed portion of larger external dimension than the internal dimension of end collar 99 so that as tightening collar piece 25 urges second elongate member 22 against end collar 99 , second elongate member 22 buckles, or deforms, because of the axial force applied to it in the direction of the first end of the first elongate member 21 , forcing itself into contact with the sides of the drilled hole.
  • FIG. 9 a shows a drill 100 of an eighth embodiment of the invention comprising a first elongate member, or shaft, 101 and a second elongate member, or sleeve, 102 .
  • First elongate member 101 is disposed partially, longitudinally inside second elongate member 102 , which has first and second ends, 103 C, 103 D.
  • First elongate member 101 comprises a first end 103 A, and a second end 103 B comprising as attachment means a drive element 104 that can receive a drill actuating means e.g. a drilling apparatus (not shown). Turning the drive element 104 also turns the first elongate member 101 .
  • Second end 103 B of first elongate member 101 further comprises external thread 105 .
  • the first end 103 A of first elongate member 101 comprises drill bit means 106 adapted to penetrate rock. Alternatively, the first end 103 A may be adapted to receive a drill bit means to penetrate rock.
  • Drill bit means 106 comprises a cutting head, or drill tip, 107 and central flushing hole 109 .
  • Drill bit means 106 comprises channels 108 to provide a return path for the flushing and grouting fluids, shown in the cross section of FIG. 9 a taken along the line A-A.
  • Drill bit means 106 is suitably attached to first elongate member 101 e.g. by brazing, butt welding, forging or the like.
  • Drilling is actuated by attachment of a drilling mechanism [not shown] to drive element 104 and rotating the first elongate member 101 and drill bit means 106 in a first rotational direction. Engagement of the drill bit means 106 with the rock requires the application of longitudinal pressure against the rock face in conjunction with the rotational action of the drilling apparatus.
  • the drill bit means 106 is cooled with a cooling agent, which is injected in a first cavity, or passage, 110 A between the first and second members 101 , 102 .
  • the cooling agent flows into first cavity 110 A, through central flushing hole, or channel, 109 , past channels 108 and out second cavity 110 B between the rock face and second member.
  • the direction of flow can be reversed.
  • the drilling mechanism is removed from the hole and the hole can be used for example to insert explosives or reinforcement cables.
  • the drill 100 can then be used to drill a further hole, the drill bit means 106 can be replaced by a further drill bit means 106 if required, e.g. for replacement of a worn cutting head, or drill tip, 107 or for different drilling conditions.
  • FIG. 10 a shows a rock bolt 111 of a further embodiment of the invention comprising a first elongate member, or shaft, 112 and a second elongate member, or sleeve, 113 .
  • First elongate member 112 is disposed partially, longitudinally inside second elongate member 113 , which has first and second ends, 114 C, 114 D.
  • First elongate member 112 comprises a first end 114 A, and a second end 114 B comprising, as attachment means, a drive element 115 that can receive a drill actuating means e.g. a drilling apparatus (not shown). Turning the drive element 115 also turns the first elongate member 112 .
  • Second end 114 B of first elongate member 112 further comprises an external thread 116 to rotatably lock internal thread 122 of first end 121 A of third elongate member 112 B as shown in FIG. 10 b .
  • the first end 114 A of first elongate member 112 comprises drill bit means 117 adapted to penetrate rock. Alternatively, the first end 114 A may be adapted to receive a drill bit means to penetrate rock.
  • Drill bit means 117 comprises a cutting head, or drill tip, 118 .
  • Drill bit means 117 comprises channels 119 to provide a return path for the flushing and grouting fluids, shown in the cross section of FIG. 10 a taken along the line A-A.
  • Drill bit means 117 is suitably attached to the first elongate member 112 e.g. by brazing, butt welding forging or the like. Alternatively, the first end 114 A may be adapted to receive a drill bit means to penetrate rock. Drill bit means 117 is dimensioned to drill a hole of sufficient diameter to receive rock bolt 111 .
  • FIG. 10 b shows an extension rod 120 comprising a third elongate member 112 B and a fourth elongate member 113 B.
  • Third elongate member 112 B is disposed partially, longitudinally inside fourth elongate member 113 B.
  • First end 121 C of fourth elongate member 113 B comprises a profiled lip adapted to be locked to the second end 114 D of second elongate member 113 in FIG. 10 a .
  • second end 121 D of fourth elongate member 113 B comprises a profiled lip adapted to be locked to a first end of sixth elongate member [not shown].
  • Third elongate member 112 B comprises a first end 121 A, and a second end 121 B, comprising as attachment means a drive element 123 that can receive drill actuating means (not shown). Turning the drive element 123 also turns the third elongate member 112 B.
  • First end 121 A of third elongate member 112 B comprises internal thread 122 to engage and rotatably lock with the external thread 116 of FIG. 10 a in a first rotational direction.
  • the third elongate member 112 B is locked to the first elongate member 112 such that rotation of the third elongate member 112 B in the first rotational direction causes the same rotation of the first elongate member 112 .
  • Second end 121 B of third elongate member 112 B comprises an external thread 124 to rotatably lock internal thread of the first end of a fifth elongate member [not shown] in the same way as the locking between the first and third elongate members.
  • FIG. 11 a shows an alternative rock bolt 130 of the previous embodiment of the invention.
  • Rock bolt 130 comprises a first elongate member, or shaft, 131 and a second elongate member, or sleeve, 132 .
  • First elongate member 131 is disposed partially, longitudinally inside second elongate member 132 .
  • Second elongate member 132 comprises a first end 133 C and a second end 133 D.
  • the first ends of the first and second elongate members 131 , 132 correspond to the first end of the rock bolt 130 .
  • the second elongate member 132 is adapted for deformation in the form of transverse expansion along at least a portion of its length through provision of expansion shells, or an anchoring device, 136 A.
  • First elongate member 131 comprises a first end 133 A, and a second end 133 B that is adapted to receive drive element 134 that can receive a drill actuating means (not shown). Second end 133 B of first elongate member 131 is further adapted to receive a nut, or collar piece, [not shown]. Turning the drive element 134 also turns the first elongate member 131 . Second end 133 B of first elongate member 131 as attachment means further comprises an external thread 135 to rotatably lock internal thread 147 of first end 143 A of a third elongate member 131 B, shown in FIG. 11 b , when third elongate member 131 B is turned in a first direction.
  • the first end 133 A of first elongate member 131 comprises drill bit means 137 adapted to penetrate rock. Alternatively, the first end 133 A may be adapted to receive a drill bit means to penetrate rock.
  • Drill bit means 137 comprises a cutting head, or drill tip, 138 and a tapered collar, or engaging surface, 136 . The wider part of tapered collar 136 is disposed towards cutting head 138 and the narrower part towards first end 133 C of second elongate member 132 . Further, tapered collar 136 of drill bit means 137 comprises channels 139 to provide a return path for the flushing and grouting fluids, shown in the cross section of FIG. 11 a taken along the line A-A.
  • Drill bit means 137 is suitably attached first elongate member 131 e.g. by brazing, butt welding forging or the like. Alternatively, the first end 133 A may be adapted to receive a drill bit means to penetrate rock. Drill bit means 137 protrudes beyond end 133 C of second elongate member 132 . The lower edge of the tapered collar 136 allows drill bit means 137 to pass inside second elongate member 132 until the width of tapered collar 136 matches the inner diameter of second elongate member 132 . Drill bit means 137 is dimensioned to drill a hole of sufficient diameter to receive rock bolt 130 .
  • FIG. 11 b shows an extension rod 140 comprising a third elongate member 131 B and a fourth elongate member 132 B.
  • Third elongate member 131 B is disposed partially, longitudinally inside fourth elongate member 132 B.
  • First end 143 C of fourth elongate member 132 B comprises a profiled lip adapted to be locked to the second end 133 D of second elongate member, or sleeve, 132 in FIG. 11 a .
  • second end 143 D of fourth elongate member 132 B comprises a profiled lip adapted to be locked to a first end of sixth elongate member [not shown].
  • Third elongate member 131 B comprises a first end 143 A, and a second end 143 B, comprising as attachment means a drive element 144 that can receive drill actuating means [not shown]. Second end 143 B of third elongate member 131 B is further adapted to receive the nut, or collar piece, 145 . Turning the drive element 144 also turns the third elongate member 131 B.
  • First end 143 A of third elongate member 131 B comprises internal thread 147 to engage and rotatably lock with the external thread 135 of FIG. 11 a as described above.
  • the third elongate member 131 B is locked to the first elongate member 131 such that rotation of the third elongate member 131 B in the first direction causes the same rotation of the first elongate member 131 . In this way, rotation of the third elongate member in the first direction rotates the drill bit means and causes drilling to occur.
  • Second end 143 B of third elongate member 131 B comprises an external thread 146 to rotatably lock internal thread of a fifth 15 elongate member [not shown].
  • each extension rod is preferably adapted so that it can receive a further identical extension rod at either, or each end, and function as described above to drill deeper boltholes. Additionally, it is possible to use only a single extension rod, to achieve a shallower bolthole.
  • the rock bolt of an embodiment of the invention comprises the combination of first and second elongate members, together with one or more extensions, as described above.
  • Drilling is actuated by attachment of a drilling mechanism, or apparatus, [not shown] to attachment means, or collar piece, provided by drive element 115 of FIG. 10 a and rotating the first elongate member 112 and drill bit means 117 in a first rotational direction. Engagement of the drill bit means 117 with the rock requires the application of longitudinal (axial) pressure against the rock face in conjunction with the rotational action of the drilling apparatus.
  • the drill bit means 117 is cooled with a cooling agent, which is injected in a second cavity 110 B between the rock face and second member 113 . The cooling agent then returns by flowing into and out of a first cavity, or passage, 110 A between the first elongate member 112 and second elongate member 113 .
  • the cooling agent may be injected into the first cavity 110 A between the first elongate member 112 and second elongate member 113 and return via the second cavity 110 B between the rock face and second elongate member 113 .
  • the length of the bolt is extended using the extension rod 120 of FIG. 10 b to extend the rock bolt 111 .
  • the extension rod 120 is attached to the second end 114 B of first elongate member 112 by drilling. Drilling is actuated by attachment of a drilling mechanism, or apparatus, [not shown] to attachment means provided by drive element 123 of the extension rod 120 and rotating the third elongate member 112 B in a first rotational direction.
  • the first end 121 C of the fourth elongate member 113 B is then fitted to the second end 114 D of the second elongate member 113 by attachment means such as a snap fitting.
  • the depth of the hole is then extended by attachment of the drilling mechanism [not shown] to attachment means provided by drive element 123 which rotates now joined first and third elongate members 112 , 112 B and drill bit means 119 in a first rotational direction.
  • the drill bit means 119 is cooled with a cooling agent, which is injected in the second cavity 110 A which now extends between the rock face and the first and third elongate members 112 , 112 B.
  • the cooling agent flows into and out of the first and second cavities 110 A, 110 B between the rock face and the first, and second, and third and fourth members 112 , 112 B, 113 , 113 B.
  • grouting fluid is injected into the first cavity 110 A between the joined first and third elongate members 112 , 112 B and the joined second and fourth elongate members 113 , 113 B until the cavity 110 A is filled with grouting fluid.
  • Grouting fluid may also be injected into the second cavity 78 between the rock face and the joined second and fourth elongate members.
  • the extended bolt 111 , 120 is then left to set in the grouting fluid.
  • a circulation path may be formed, with grout being passed into one of the first and second cavities 110 A, 78 and passing into the other in the region of the first end of the first elongate member and filling both cavities.
  • the extendible bolt of FIG. 11 is drilled in the same way as described with reference to FIG. 10 except that, when a hole of the required depth has been drilled, nut, or collar piece, 145 is rotated on external thread 146 of third elongate member 131 B causing the nut 145 to advance towards the first end 143 A of the third elongate member 131 B and advance fourth elongate member 132 B (and therefore second attached elongate member 132 ).
  • Continued rotation of nut 145 urges the taper of collar 136 against first end 133 C of second elongate member, or sleeve, 132 causing expansion shells 136 A to expand into engagement with the hole wall.
  • each extension rod is preferably adapted so that it can receive a further identical extension rod at either, or each end, and function as described above to drill deeper boltholes. Additionally, it is possible to use only a single extension rod, to achieve a shallower bolthole.
  • the nut 145 [not shown in FIG. 11 a ] is attached to the external thread 135 of the first elongate member 131 .
  • Nut 145 is rotated on external thread 135 of first elongate member 131 causing the nut 145 to advance towards the first end 133 A of the first elongate member 131 and advance second elongate member 132 .
  • Continued rotation of nut 145 urges the taper of collar 136 against first end 133 C of second elongate member 132 causing expansion shells 136 A to expand into engagement with the hole wall.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
US10/559,468 2003-06-03 2004-06-03 Rock Bolt Abandoned US20070269274A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

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AU2003902774A AU2003902774A0 (en) 2003-06-03 2003-06-03 Rock bolt
AU2003902774 2003-06-03
AU2004900773A AU2004900773A0 (en) 2004-02-16 Rock Bolt
AU2004900773 2004-02-16
PCT/AU2004/000736 WO2004106700A1 (en) 2003-06-03 2004-06-03 Rockbolt

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JP2006526718A (ja) 2006-11-24
NO20055186L (no) 2006-02-17
WO2004106700A1 (en) 2004-12-09
EP1629178A4 (en) 2007-06-20
RU2343287C2 (ru) 2009-01-10
EP1629178A1 (en) 2006-03-01
NO20055186D0 (no) 2005-11-04
RU2005141565A (ru) 2006-09-10

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