US20070119834A1 - Method for cutting stainless steel with a fiber laser - Google Patents

Method for cutting stainless steel with a fiber laser Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070119834A1
US20070119834A1 US11/560,299 US56029906A US2007119834A1 US 20070119834 A1 US20070119834 A1 US 20070119834A1 US 56029906 A US56029906 A US 56029906A US 2007119834 A1 US2007119834 A1 US 2007119834A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
laser beam
cutting
laser
mrad
ytterbium
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US11/560,299
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English (en)
Inventor
Francis Briand
Karim Chouf
Hakim Maazaoui
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Lincoln Electric Co France SA
Original Assignee
La Soudure Autogene Francaise
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by La Soudure Autogene Francaise, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical La Soudure Autogene Francaise
Assigned to AIR LIQUIDE WELDING FRANCE, L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE reassignment AIR LIQUIDE WELDING FRANCE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BRIAND, FRANCIS, CHOUF, KARIM, MAAZAOUI, HAKIM
Publication of US20070119834A1 publication Critical patent/US20070119834A1/en
Priority to US13/152,171 priority Critical patent/US20120024831A1/en
Priority to US14/611,444 priority patent/US9987709B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
    • B23K26/125—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases of mixed gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B23K2103/05—Stainless steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laser cutting method for cutting stainless steel using a laser source of the ytterbium-doped fiber type.
  • laser cutting using a laser source of the CO 2 type to generate a laser beam, with a wavelength of 10.6 ⁇ m and a power ranging up to 6 kW, is widely used in industry. This method is used in particular for cutting stainless steels.
  • the cutting speeds that can be achieved and the cutting quality that results therefrom are very variable, depending on the material to be cut and, moreover, depending on the cutting method parameters adopted, such as the nature of the assistance gas, the diameter of the focused beam, the power of the incident laser, etc.
  • CO 2 lasers cannot be used with assistance gases of low-ionization potential, for example such as argon, without the risk of generating parasitic plasmas that could impair the method.
  • assistance gases of low-ionization potential for example such as argon
  • CO 2 lasers are limited in terms of power, thereby directly impacting the cutting speed.
  • the fact of having to guide the laser beam from the laser generator right to the focusing head, that is to say the cutting head, has drawbacks, especially as regards alignment of the optics in the optical path.
  • guiding optics are generally polished and/or coated copper mirrors and the positions of the latter determine the path followed by the laser beam. Therefore, the alignment of the mirrors must be perfect in order to ensure optimum entry of the laser beam into the focusing head or cutting head.
  • the position of these mirrors is generally adjusted by mechanical means, which may easily go out of alignment according to time, the wear of parts and the environmental conditions, in particular the ambient temperature, moisture content, etc.
  • the optical path of the beam must necessarily be kept in an inert atmosphere in order to avoid any contamination and to maintain a medium with a constant optical index, which is necessary for good propagation of the beam.
  • the quality factor for beam parameter product (BPP) of the high-power CO 2 laser beams used in cutting generally being between 3 mm.mrad and 6 mm.mrad.
  • BPP beam parameter product
  • Nd:YAG-type lasers have quality factors unsuitable for the laser cutting process.
  • the quality factors (BPP values) of these lasers are typically in the range from around 15 mm.mrad to 30 mm.mrad, depending on the source. Now, the higher the quality factor of a laser, i.e. the higher the product of the focused beam waist multiplied by the beam divergence, the less effective the laser beam for the laser cutting process.
  • the transverse energy distribution in a focused Nd:YAG laser beam is not Gaussian but has a top-hat profile, while beyond the focal point the transverse energy distribution is random.
  • the problem that arises is therefore how to provide an improved and industrially acceptable method for cutting stainless steels with a laser beam, which can achieve, depending on the thickness in question, speeds ranging up to 15 to 20 m/min, or even higher, and good cutting quality, that is to say straight cutting faces, no burrs and reduced roughness.
  • the solution provided by the invention is therefore a laser cutting method for cutting a stainless steel workpiece, in which laser beam generation means comprising at least one ytterbium-containing fiber for generating a laser beam are used to melt the workpiece and thereby perform the actual cutting, characterized in that the quality factor of the laser beam is between 0.33 and 8 mm.mrad.
  • the laser beam generation means comprise an exciter, preferably several exciters, which cooperate with at least one excited element, also called amplifying medium, in order to generate the laser beam.
  • the exciters are preferably several laser diodes, while the excited elements are fibers, preferably silica fibers with an ytterbium-doped core.
  • laser beam generation means and “resonator” will be used indiscriminately.
  • the method of the invention may include one or more of the following features:
  • FIG. 1 appended hereto is a diagram showing the principle of an installation for implementing a laser cutting method using a laser beam 3 to cut a stainless steel workpiece 10 , employing a laser source 1 with a resonator or laser beam generation means 2 formed by silica fiber with an ytterbium-doped core to generate the laser beam 3 .
  • the laser source 1 is used to generate a laser beam 3 with a wavelength between 1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m, more precisely, at 1.07 ⁇ m.
  • the beam 3 propagates as far as the zone 11 of interaction between the beam 3 and the workpiece 10 , that is to say the zone where the kerf appears, through beam-conveying means 4 , such as an optical fiber made of fused silica with a diameter of between 20 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m.
  • the laser beam 3 On exiting from this fiber 4 , the laser beam 3 possesses particular optical characteristics and a quality factor (BPP) of between 1 and 8 mm.mrad.
  • BPP quality factor
  • the beam 3 is then collimated using an optical collimator 5 equipped with a collimation doublet made of fused silica coated so as to limit the divergence of the beam exiting the fiber and to make the laser beam parallel.
  • the parallel beam 3 is then focused onto or into the workpiece 10 to be cut by a coated, fused-silica lens 6 having a focal length of between 80 mm and 510 mm, preferably between 100 mm and 250 mm.
  • the beam 3 Before striking the workpiece 10 , the beam 3 passes axially through the laser head 6 , which is equipped with a nozzle 7 having an axial exit orifice 8 located facing the workpiece 10 to be cut, the beam 3 and the assistance gas passing through said nozzle.
  • the orifice of the nozzle may be between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm.
  • the laser head 6 itself is fed with assistance gas via a gas inlet 9 , for example for an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon, helium or a mixture of several of these gases, or else an active gas, for example, such as oxygen, or even active/inert gas mixtures.
  • a gas inlet 9 for example for an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon, helium or a mixture of several of these gases, or else an active gas, for example, such as oxygen, or even active/inert gas mixtures.
  • the assistance gas is used to remove the molten metal from the kerf 12 being formed in the workpiece 10 , as the workpiece undergoes relative displacement with respect to the laser head 6 along the desired cutting path.
  • the reverse situation consisting in moving the cutting head while keeping the workpiece stationary gives the same result.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the configuration during cutting at the kerf (material of thickness e), where the angle of divergence ⁇ of the laser beam after focusing, the diameter 2 Wo of the focused beam and the angle ⁇ of the cutting front have been indicated.
  • the beam quality factor or BPP is defined as the product of the divergence angle ⁇ multiplied by its radius Wo.
  • the cutting process is governed by the absorption of energy from the laser beam in the material during cutting. Depending on the wavelength of the laser beam employed, there therefore exists an optimum angle for energy absorption by the material. Outside this optimum angle, some of the energy is reflected and/or lost.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the fact that, in the optimum cutting condition, the angle ⁇ of the cutting front corresponds to exposure of the entire thickness e of the material to the beam with a diameter 2 Wo.
  • FIG. 4 shows the variation in the optimum angle ⁇ of the cutting front as a function of the cutting thickness.
  • the upper curve corresponds to that obtained with a 4 kW CO 2 laser in TEM 01* mode, while the lower curve is that obtained with a 2 kW ytterbium-based fiber laser according to the invention.
  • the two curves are not coincident because of the difference in optimum energy absorption angle at 10.6 ⁇ m, which is the wavelength of the CO 2 laser, and at 1.07 ⁇ m, which is the wavelength of the ytterbium-based fiber laser.
  • the maximum angle for transmitting the laser energy into the material is obtained geometrically, and is the sum of the angles, namely ⁇ + ⁇ .
  • a laser beam having a quality factor preferably between 1 and 8 mm.mrad, more preferably between 2 and 8 mm.mrad, is used.
  • the laser source used in the example below consisted of an amplifying medium formed from diode-excited ytterbium-doped fibers, generating a laser beam of 2 kW power and 1.07 ⁇ m wavelength, propagated in a 100 ⁇ m coated fused-silica optical fiber, possessing a quality factor (BPP) on exiting the fiber of 4 mm.mrad.
  • BPP quality factor
  • cutting trials were carried out on stainless steel workpieces having thicknesses of between 1.5 mm and 8 mm.
  • the gas used was an inert gas, namely nitrogen, and was injected into the interaction zone where the beam interacts with the workpiece at pressures varying between 8 and 25 bar depending on the gas used, through laser cutting nozzles having orifices with diameters ranging between 0.5 and 4 mm depending on the case, typically between 1 and 3 mm in diameter.
  • Focusing lenses with a focal length of between 127 mm and 190.5 mm were used to focus the laser beam generated by the amplifying medium containing diode-excited ytterbium-doped fibers and conveyed to the focusing lens of the cutting head by optical conveying means, such as a 100 ⁇ m-diameter optical fiber.
  • thicknesses of 4 mm or less are usually cut with 127-mm focal length lenses and greater thicknesses with 190.5-mm focal length lenses.
  • FIG. 2 shows the speed obtained (plotted on the y-axis) as a function of the thickness to be cut (plotted on the x-axis).
  • the method of the invention is therefore effective both in terms of cutting speed and cut quality on stainless steel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
US11/560,299 2005-11-25 2006-11-15 Method for cutting stainless steel with a fiber laser Abandoned US20070119834A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/152,171 US20120024831A1 (en) 2005-11-25 2011-06-02 Method for Cutting Stainless Steel with a Fiber Laser
US14/611,444 US9987709B2 (en) 2005-11-25 2015-02-02 Method for cutting stainless steel with a fiber laser

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0553607A FR2893873B1 (fr) 2005-11-25 2005-11-25 Procede de coupage avec un laser a fibre d'acier inoxydable
FR0553607 2005-11-25

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US10/461,148 Continuation-In-Part US20040013672A1 (en) 2000-05-16 2003-06-13 Recombinant antibodies, and compositions and methods for making and using the same

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US13/152,171 Abandoned US20120024831A1 (en) 2005-11-25 2011-06-02 Method for Cutting Stainless Steel with a Fiber Laser
US14/611,444 Expired - Fee Related US9987709B2 (en) 2005-11-25 2015-02-02 Method for cutting stainless steel with a fiber laser

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EP (1) EP1790428B1 (es)
JP (1) JP5535423B2 (es)
CN (1) CN1972040B (es)
AT (1) ATE455620T1 (es)
BR (1) BRPI0604950B1 (es)
CA (1) CA2568024C (es)
DE (1) DE602006011837D1 (es)
ES (1) ES2339273T3 (es)
FR (1) FR2893873B1 (es)
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US20100102045A1 (en) * 2007-02-13 2010-04-29 Lasag Ag Method of cutting parts to be machined using a pulsed laser
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US9987709B2 (en) 2005-11-25 2018-06-05 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Method for cutting stainless steel with a fiber laser
WO2021032355A1 (de) * 2019-08-19 2021-02-25 Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh + Co. Kg Verfahren zum brennschneiden mittels eines laserstrahls
US11298772B2 (en) * 2018-09-26 2022-04-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Welding apparatus and nozzle device
CN114619135A (zh) * 2022-03-14 2022-06-14 东莞市舟拓电路科技有限公司 一种自动识别压合板尺寸并进行裁切的设备
US11465238B2 (en) * 2019-02-13 2022-10-11 Bystronic Laser Ag Gas guide, laser cutting head and laser cutting machine
US11590606B2 (en) * 2008-08-20 2023-02-28 Foro Energy, Inc. High power laser tunneling mining and construction equipment and methods of use

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FR2909020B1 (fr) * 2006-11-29 2009-07-17 Safmatic Sa Machine de coupage ou soudage laser a fibre d'ytterbium
JP5401638B2 (ja) * 2007-10-16 2014-01-29 イマジニアリング株式会社 光計測装置及び計測システム
FR2935916B1 (fr) * 2008-09-12 2011-08-26 Air Liquide Procede et installation de coupage laser avec modification du facteur de qualite du faisceau laser
JP5261168B2 (ja) * 2008-12-26 2013-08-14 Ｔｏｗａ株式会社 電子部品製造用の切断装置及び切断方法
FR2961731A1 (fr) * 2010-06-28 2011-12-30 Air Liquide Procede et installation de coupage laser a fibre ou disque avec distribution d'intensite du faisceau laser en anneau
DE102010032958A1 (de) * 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 Messer Cutting & Welding Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum thermischen Bearbeiten eines Werkstücks mittels Laserstrahl
JP5705503B2 (ja) * 2010-10-28 2015-04-22 三菱重工業株式会社 レーザ加工装置及びレーザビーム調整方法
FR2977513B1 (fr) * 2011-07-04 2014-05-23 Air Liquide Procede de coupage laser a fibre ou disque avec distribution d'intensite du faisceau laser en anneau
CN103071951A (zh) * 2012-12-21 2013-05-01 武汉市润之达石化设备有限公司 超低温不锈钢焊接的保护气体
CN103464895A (zh) * 2013-08-29 2013-12-25 张家港市恒运新材料科技有限公司 激光焊接的保护气体以及焊接方法
JP6382039B2 (ja) * 2014-09-04 2018-08-29 Ｔｏｗａ株式会社 切断装置並びに吸着機構及びこれを用いる装置
RU2695715C1 (ru) * 2018-11-14 2019-07-25 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью Научно-Производственное Предприятие "Телар" (Ооо Нпп "Телар") Способ формирования упрочненного приповерхностного слоя в зоне лазерной резки деталей
DE102020212088A1 (de) * 2020-09-25 2022-03-31 Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh + Co. Kg Verfahren zum Laserschneiden
CN116571897B (zh) * 2023-07-11 2023-09-08 河北星洁管业有限公司 一种用于pe聚乙烯管道生产线上产品激光切割用设备

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ATE455620T1 (en) 2010-02-15
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US9987709B2 (en) 2018-06-05
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EP1790428A1 (fr) 2007-05-30
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US20150174701A1 (en) 2015-06-25

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