US20070074845A1 - Electromagnetic agitation method for continuous casting of metal products having an elongate section - Google Patents

Electromagnetic agitation method for continuous casting of metal products having an elongate section Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070074845A1
US20070074845A1 US10/577,461 US57746104A US2007074845A1 US 20070074845 A1 US20070074845 A1 US 20070074845A1 US 57746104 A US57746104 A US 57746104A US 2007074845 A1 US2007074845 A1 US 2007074845A1
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Prior art keywords
metal
stirring
jets
mold
cast product
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Abandoned
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US10/577,461
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English (en)
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Siebo Kunstreich
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Rotelec SA
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Rotelec SA
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Assigned to ROTELEC reassignment ROTELEC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KUNSTREICH, SIEBO
Publication of US20070074845A1 publication Critical patent/US20070074845A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
    • B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/45—Magnetic mixers; Mixers with magnetically driven stirrers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the continuous casting of metals, especially steel. It relates more particularly to the electromagnetic stirring of flat products (i.e. of elongate cross section) while they are being cast, and relates even more precisely to the establishment in the metallic liquid pool of a particular distribution of the flows by means of applied magnetic fields.
  • the movements applied to the molten metal during continuous casting may be schematically classed into two categories, depending on whether we consider the mould or, beneath it, the secondary cooling stages of the casting machine.
  • the aim is first to improve the internal metallurgical structure of the cast product via the development of a largest equiaxed solidification, this being known to be favourable both to the micro-segregation of the alloying elements and to the absence of central porosity in the cast product, for example.
  • electromagnetic stirring is used for the continuous casting of slabs more and more frequently whenever products that require an internal structure free of porosity have to be produced, such as for example thick plates for making boilers, or large welded pipes.
  • loops 42 , 43 are established parallel to the large faces and extend in stages along the length of the cast product on either side of a common transverse zone of driving action of the magnetic field, the flows of each loop rising along one small face and descending along the opposite small face
  • a movement configuration is conventionally termed a “butterfly wings” configuration.
  • the other fraction 22 is reflected upwards so as to provide, near the free surface 23 of the in-mould metal, the enthalpy needed to prevent the phenomenon of cast metal solidifying at the meniscus, which are very often the cause of drastic stoppages of the casting process.
  • the aim is thus to produce, in the mould, a circulation mode called “double roll” as opposed to the “single roll” mode.
  • the latter mode is firstly manifested by the phenomenon of metal rising up towards the meniscus upon being discharged from the outlets in the nozzle, very often resulting from an injection of argon to prevent clogging of the nozzle from the casting tundish located above it.
  • This first upward rise is then continued by a surface current towards each narrow face, and after by a going down flow along the latter.
  • a velocity map is quickly established in the mould, in which the velocities are generally directed downwards in the direction of extraction of the product, with the absence of the upper roll 22 for supplying “hot” metal to the meniscus.
  • the “double roll” mode lasts during casting only if the casting conditions (casting speed, width of the slab, depth of immersion of the casting nozzle, flow rate of anti-clogging argon, etc.) lend themselves thereto. Random transitions in “single roll” mode may appear during the actual course of casting if these conditions fluctuate, which in fact corresponds to a general case.
  • an essential aspect for controlling the in-mould “double roll” flows lies in the preservation within the mould of a “left-right” symmetry of the re-circulating movements at the meniscus on either side of the nozzle. This is because it is known that the occurrence of “left-right” asymmetries is the grounds of oscillations in the metal bath that may result in unacceptable rolling of the surface, well known to the operator standing on the casting platform. This means that care must be taken to ensure that the partial recirculation flows 22 , 22 ′ near the top are, above all, steady over time in order to avoid the occurrence of “left-right” asymmetries.
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b show, which are extracted from document JP 1534702, magnetic fields moving horizontally are produced by multiphase linear inductors 30 a, 30 b and 30 a′, 30 b′ placed along the large faces of the mould 32 facing the discharge path of the metal jets on either side of the nozzle 31 .
  • multiphase linear inductors 30 a, 30 b and 30 a′, 30 b′ placed along the large faces of the mould 32 facing the discharge path of the metal jets on either side of the nozzle 31 .
  • the object of the present invention is specifically to overcome such a handicap.
  • the object of the invention is, via a studied overall stirring movement of the molten metal over the metallurgical length, to provide good exchange of still-liquid metal in both directions between the secondary cooling zone and the mould. This will consequently achieve thermal and chemical uniformity between the top and bottom of the pool of cast liquid metal without disturbing the in-mould flow mode and, where possible, without correspondingly being deprived of the cumulative beneficial effects specific to stirring in the mould and to stirring in the secondary cooling zone respectively.
  • One complementary object of the invention is to help to improve the metallurgical quality of steel grades that it is desired to produce with good internal quality, such as grades for thick plate or for large welded pipes, ferritic stainless steel, or silicon electric steel.
  • Another complementary object is to be able to vary the flows in the secondary cooling zone in order to use them level with the casting jets emanating from the nozzle, either as an accelerating agent or on the contrary as a braking agent for the metal entering the mould, or else as a means for counteracting the “left-right” asymmetry tendencies of the metal movements within the mould.
  • the subject of the invention is a method of electromagnetic stirring in the secondary cooling zone of a plant for the continuous casting of slabs, or other similar flats products, the mould of which is provided with a submerged casting nozzle having lateral discharge outlets directed towards the narrow faces of the mould, which stirring method is implemented by means of travelling magnetic fields generated by multiphase inductors placed near the cast metal, characterized in that a longitudinal liquid metal flow is forcibly established in the said secondary cooling zone, said forced flow being localized in the middle region of the cast product as two opposing collinear streams.
  • these two longitudinal opposing collinear streams in the central part of the product, which move away from each other, are created in such a way that the two upper lobes which extend into the mould right up to the level of the jets emanating from the discharge outlets of the casting nozzle merge concurrently with the said jets in order to reinforce them.
  • these two longitudinal opposing collinear streams in the middle part of the product which converge on each other, are created in such a way that the two upper lobes that extend into the mould up to the level of the jets emanating from the discharge outlets of the casting nozzle are superposed counter-currently on the said jets in order to slow them down.
  • the location of the longitudinal flow in the secondary is shifted laterally towards one or other of the narrow faces of the cast product so as to counteract the “left-right” asymmetry tendencies of the metal movements within the mould.
  • the longitudinal metal flow in the middle region of the cast product is created as two opposing collinear streams by means of collinear moving magnetic fields that travel longitudinally in the said central region, either coming closer together, or further apart.
  • the longitudinal metal flow in the middle region of the cast product is created as two opposing collinear streams by means of collinear moving magnetic fields that travel transversely over the width of the cast product, either coming closer together from the edge towards the centre of the cast product, or moving further apart from the centre towards the edge of the cast product.
  • the travelling magnetic fields are generated by means of multiphase linear inductors that are placed facing the large facess of the cast product.
  • the inductors are supplied with electric currents of different intensities, so as to vary, in a different manner, the action on the two opposing collinear metal streams created by the travelling magnetic fields that they generate.
  • the invention consists, in its principal basics, in creating, in the secondary cooling zone, a “stirring cross” having two transverse branches and two longitudinal branches.
  • the transverse branches (or horizontal branches if it is assumed that the casting axis is vertical) develop across the width of the cast product and the two longitudinal (or vertical) branches develop within the central region (usually the axial region) of the cast product.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 are representative of the prior art, already considered above.
  • FIG. 1 is a standard diagram showing, in summary form and as a vertical central section parallel to the large faces of the mould, the known map of the circulatory movements of the liquid metal entering a mould for the continuous casting of slabs via a submerged nozzle provided with lateral discharge outlets that open towards the narrow faces;
  • FIGS. 2 a, 2 b 1 and 2 b 2 are diagrams, in two views (on the left in perspective and on the right in cross section), of known in-mould electromagnetic stirring modes for the continuous casting of slabs with a submerged nozzle having lateral outlets (cf. FIG. 1 ) by means of linear multiphase inductors located on either side of the nozzle on each large face of the mould and producing traveling magnetic fields that travel horizontally in opposed directions, pairwise, over the same large face, either in the same direction as the discharging jet of metal to which the field is applied ( FIG. 2 b 2 ), or in the opposite direction ( FIGS. 2 b 1 and 2 a );
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified diagram showing, in perspective, a slab during continuous casting as it can be seen in the secondary cooling zone of the casting machine.
  • This zone is provided with a pair of linear inductors facing each other on each side of the product over the width of the latter and generating a magnetic field gliding horizontally so as to produce a “butterfly wings” shaped electromagnetic stirring mode known for example from the aforementioned document FR 7220546;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram similar to the previous one in FIG. 3 , but showing a “triple roll” electromagnetic stirring mode, such as that produced for example by implementing the teaching of the aforementioned document FR 8210844;
  • FIG. 5 is a general diagram, seen in axial vertical section parallel to the large faces of a mould for the continuous casting of slabs, the said mould being provided with a submerged nozzle having lateral discharge outlets that open towards the narrow faces, and showing the principle of a global stirring in the form of a four-leaf clover in the secondary cooling zone according to one of the implementation modes of the invention in which the opposing longitudinal streams move away from each other, and the map of the circulatory movements of the liquid metal that results therefrom within this zone just below the mould;
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram similar to that of FIG. 5 , but in the case in which the in-mould flow mode is no longer of the “double roll” type but is of the “single roll” type;
  • FIG. 7 a is a diagram which, on the basis of a repeat of the FIG. 5 , shows by means of implementing the stirring in the form of a four-leaf clover by means of linear inductors having a horizontally travelling magnetic field;
  • FIG. 7 b is a diagram similar to FIG. 7 a, but illustrating another embodiment of implementing the invention, this time using linear inductors having a vertically travelling magnetic field;
  • FIG. 8 is also a diagram which, on the basis of a repeat of the FIG. 5 , illustrates a preferred embodiment of the invention, setting up a complementary in-mould flow in “double roll” mode by means of linear inductors generating a horizontally travelling field, which act directly on the jets of metal discharging from the outlets in the casting nozzle; and
  • FIG. 9 illustrates another implementation of the invention which consists in creating opposing longitudinal streams of metal in the middle part of the cast product, these no longer being divergent but convergent.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 were used to support the explanation of the prior art already made at the beginning of this document. They will therefore not be referred to again in the following text.
  • FIGS. 5 to 9 representative of the mode of stirring in the secondary cooling zone specific to the invention in these two implementation modes (divergent or convergent metallic streams at the middle), the travelling magnetic fields, just like the linear inductors that produce them, are represented by thick vertical or horizontal arrows.
  • the convective movements produced are themselves shown by their main paths in the form of lines carrying arrowheads indicating the direction of circulation of the movement over the carrying path.
  • the solid lines represent active convection zones, and therefore circulation zones subjected to the action of the travelling magnetic fields.
  • the broken lines represent the passive convection zones, in other words recirculation zones which are necessarily complementary to the active zones in order to close the loop of the movements.
  • each of the figures shows a continuous slab casting mould I followed beneath it by the secondary cooling zone 2 of the casting machine, here intentionally shown without the support rolls in order not to unnecessarily reduce the clarity of the drawing. Since the views are in a plane parallel to the large faces of the mould, only the narrow faces are visible at 3 and 3 ′, these faces determining the narrow sides 18 , 18 ′ of the cast product 6 . Since the large faces are in the plane of the figures, they are not referenced in the figures. Moreover, for greater clarity, the reference 6 will denote either the cast slab itself or its still-liquid core, more generally called “liquid pool”.
  • a submerged nozzle 4 centred on the casting axis A (which is coincident here, as is conventionally the case, with the longitudinal axis of the cast product) supplies the mould with molten metal from a tundish (not shown) located above it.
  • This nozzle is provided with lateral discharge outlets 5 and 5 ′ each facing one or other of the narrow faces 3 and 3 ′ respectively.
  • the size of the cast product is determined by the inside dimensions of the mould that defines the casting space into which the molten metal enters in the form of jets 7 , 7 ′ discharging from the outlets of the nozzle 4 , conventionally along a more or less horizontal mean direction, or slightly inclined downwards.
  • the cast product thus advances from the top, level with the meniscus 8 , downwards, in the extraction direction of the casting machine, along the vertical or along a curved path, in a plane orthogonal to that in the figures, at an extraction rate (casting rate) usually of the order to one metre per minute.
  • an extraction rate usually of the order to one metre per minute.
  • the product progressively solidifies from its periphery up to the centre, by extraction of its internal heat, firstly into the mould 1 in contact with the cooled copper walls and then in the secondary cooling zone 2 under the effect of the water spray rails.
  • the metallurgical length (or depth of the liquid pool) is conventionally defined as the difference in the dimensions along the vertical between the level of the free surface of the cast metal in the mould (or meniscus) and that of the bottom of the liquid pool below the secondary cooling zone, at the point where the finishing solidification fronts, which develop over each of the large faces of the cast product as the solidification progresses, meet.
  • This stirring cross 9 is a cross with four branches, these being collinear in pairs, namely two longitudinal (and here vertical) branches 10 a, 10 b, forming a pair aligned with the casting axis A, and two transverse (and here horizontal) branches 11 a, 11 b forming a pair that develops over the width of the cast product.
  • the liquid metal stream circulates therein, pairwise, in opposite directions. Moreover, the circulation of the stream in one pair is in the opposite direction to that of the other pair.
  • these branches are as it were connected together by recirculation loops in order to form an overall flow that develops in the plane of the large faces of the cast product in a four-leaf clover configuration, the leaves constituting the lobes L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , the upper two of which, L 1 and L 4 , extend up to the mould level with the discharge jets 7 and 7 ′.
  • the pair of vertical branches is on a “divergent” convection type—the streams of metal move away from each other from the centre P.
  • One, 10 a flows away towards the mould 1 lying above it while the other 10 b flows away downwards, in the direction of extraction of the cast product, towards the closure point of the liquid pool.
  • the convection of the metal is therefore of a “convergent” type—the metal streams flow towards each other in the direction of the centre of confluence P, flowing from the small faces of the product towards the longitudinal axis A.
  • the metal streams that form these branches are created by travelling magnetic fields, which are themselves generated by linear inductors placed in the immediate vicinity of the cast product facing these large faces (preferably both sides).
  • travelling magnetic fields which are themselves generated by linear inductors placed in the immediate vicinity of the cast product facing these large faces (preferably both sides).
  • the two pairs of branches are simultaneously activated by the magnetic fields. Only one may be activated, for example the vertical branches 10 a, 10 b, the other branches 11 a, 11 b then becoming, of course, the site of recirculation by reaction, since the centre P acts as a current passage node that maintains the mass flow rates and the movement quantities, and vice versa.
  • any liquid metal element (conceptually isolated at an arbitrary point along the metallurgical length) will have a high probability of being present, by randomly following the successive ascending or descending running, at least once in the mould before re-descending if it is initially in the secondary cooling zone, and vice versa if it is initially chosen to be in the mould, it being understood that overall the element will necessarily undergo a mean downward displacement in the direction of extraction with a mean speed equal to the casting speed.
  • this implementation of the invention maximizes the exchange of molten metal material between the hot zones of the mould and those cooler zones of the secondary cooling zone and does so by reinforcing, in the mould, the known means suitable for stabilizing the “double roll” mode.
  • Such an exchange contributes in particular to better removal of the excess heat and to the initiation of early and ample equiaxed solidification of the metal, without any risk of disturbing the in-mould flow mode, by instead reinforcing the stability of the “left-right” symmetry of the movements on either side of the nozzle, and to do so whatever the local mode present, namely “double roll” (cf. FIG. 5 ) or “single roll” (cf. FIG. 6 ), and therefore counteracting the natural random tendency for transition from one mode to the other.
  • the branches 10 and 11 of the stirring cross 9 are generated by the action applied at these points by travelling magnetic fields.
  • the lines of force of these fields are orthogonal to the surface of the cast product, or at the least have a predominantly orthogonal component, in order to maximize the electro-magnetic coupling with the liquid metal.
  • FIG. 7 a illustrates a first implementation of the invention in which two identical linear inductors 12 and 13 are placed horizontally at the same vertical level on the casting machine (collinear inductors) on either side of the casting axis and mounted in opposition so as to create collinear magnetic fields travelling transversely over the width of the cast product, from the small sides 18 , 18 ′ towards the centre.
  • inductors are advantageously designed so as to each generate a travelling magnetic field, in an active convection branch ( 11 a or 11 b ), having a length equal to slightly less than one half of the half-width of the cast slab 6 .
  • the driving force for the stirring is given by the convergent transverse branches 11 a, 11 b of the stirring cross, and the longitudinal diverging flows 10 a, 10 b are then obtained after passing the point of confluence P.
  • FIG. 7 b illustrates a second type of implementation of the invention, equivalent to the previous one as regards the effects obtained.
  • the linear inductors 14 and 15 mounted collinearly but in opposition, are placed vertically along the casting axis.
  • the vertical branches 10 a and 10 b (the presence of which within the secondary is at the very basis of the invention) are this time activated directly, the upper inductor 14 then generating a magnetic field travelling towards the top of the casting machine in the direction of the mould, the lower inductor 15 producing a field that travels downwards towards the bottom of the pool.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the invention. This consists in converting the upper edge of the upper re-circulating lobes L 1 and L 4 (which reinforce the casting jets 7 and 7 ′) into active convection zones. To do this, added to the pair of inductors already present in the secondary cooling zone, for creating the stirring cross 9 , are two additional linear inductors 16 , 17 generating horizontally travelling fields, these two inductors being placed collinearly on either side of the nozzle 4 level with the jets of metal 7 and 7 ′ discharging from the outlets 5 and 5 ′ and travelling co-currently with the said jets, from the nozzle towards the narrow faces 3 , 3 ′ of the mould 1 . The effect of convergence between the jets and the central flow rising up from the bottom is thus further enhanced, and consequently the local in-mould “double roll” mode likewise.
  • FIG. 9 is similar to FIG. 5 but is distinguished therefrom however in an essential manner by the fact that the directions of circulation of the metal in each of the four branches of the cross 9 are reversed.
  • the FIG. 9 thus illustrates the second main implementation form of the invention, which consists in creating opposing longitudinal collinear streams 20 a, 20 b in the central part of the cast product 6 , which this time converge on each other towards the point P so as to provide an overall circulation of the liquid metal that is extended, in the mould 1 , by flows rising along the small sides 18 , 18 ′ up to level with the jets of metal 7 , 7 ′ emanating from the discharge outlets 5 , 5 ′ in the nozzle, which they oppose as a counter-current in order to brake them.
  • a key advantage of the invention is that it ensures good top/bottom exchange in the liquid pool while still being able to act remotely on the casting jets in the mould, and to do so by a simple and unsophisticated arrangement of the electromagnetic stirring equipment, the components of which are widely available commercially.
  • the invention consists, in summary, in judiciously using the electromagnetic stirring means currently available in order to make, in the secondary cooling zone, a cut in the long direction of the product into two juxtaposed strands and, in each strand, to install a “butterfly wings” type stirring configuration.
  • an overall flow system is created in the secondary cooling zone consisting of four lobes, the core of which is the “stirring cross” 9 with its centre P.
  • this division into two strands will take place at mid-width of the cast product, that is to say along the longitudinal axis of the latter, as this axis generally coincides with the casting axis.
  • the invention provides overall stirring of the metal over the metallurgical length capable of ensuring both thermal and chemical uniformity between the top and bottom of the liquid pool without correspondingly being deprived of the beneficial effects specific to stirring in the mould and stirring in the secondary cooling zone respectively, and without disturbing, indeed by stabilizing, the local flow mode in the mould.
  • linear inductors to be used conventionally have a plane structure, this arrangement is only a preferred one. Also suitable may be inductors of curved shape in order to better match the shape of the surface of the slab at the point where they are placed along the metallurgical length.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
US10/577,461 2003-10-27 2004-10-22 Electromagnetic agitation method for continuous casting of metal products having an elongate section Abandoned US20070074845A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0312555 2003-10-27
FR0312555A FR2861324B1 (fr) 2003-10-27 2003-10-27 Procede de brassage electromagnetique pour la coulee continue de produits metalliques de section allongee
PCT/FR2004/002728 WO2005044487A1 (fr) 2003-10-27 2004-10-22 Procede de brassage electromagnetique pour la coulee continue de produits metalliques de section allongee

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US (1) US20070074845A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP1677928B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP4758903B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR101089261B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN100371108C (ko)
AT (1) ATE359886T1 (ko)
AU (1) AU2004286877B2 (ko)
BR (1) BRPI0415903B1 (ko)
CA (1) CA2543368A1 (ko)
DE (1) DE602004006010T2 (ko)
ES (1) ES2285558T3 (ko)
FR (1) FR2861324B1 (ko)
RU (1) RU2357833C2 (ko)
TW (1) TWI324952B (ko)
WO (1) WO2005044487A1 (ko)
ZA (1) ZA200604177B (ko)

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US20150290703A1 (en) * 2012-03-27 2015-10-15 Rotelec Stirring-roll for a continuous cast machine of metallic products of large cross section
CN112876043A (zh) * 2021-02-24 2021-06-01 成都贝施美生物科技有限公司 一种可快速脱模的玻璃陶瓷制备模具

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ATE498465T1 (de) * 2006-07-07 2011-03-15 Rotelec Sa Verfahren zum stranggiessen von flachen metallprodukten mit elektromagnetischem rühren und anlage zur durchführung
FR2957829B1 (fr) 2010-03-23 2012-11-09 Rotelec Sa Rouleau brasseur pour machine de coulee continu de brames
RU2457064C1 (ru) 2011-03-03 2012-07-27 Федеральное Государственное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Сибирский Федеральный Университет" (Сфу) Способ для непрерывной и полунепрерывной разливки алюминиевых сплавов и устройство для его осуществления
RU2464123C1 (ru) * 2011-11-25 2012-10-20 Открытое акционерное общество Акционерная холдинговая компания "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и проектно-конструкторский институт металлургического машиностроения имени академика Целикова" (ОАО АХК "ВНИИМЕТМАШ") Способ регулирования режима электромагнитного перемешивания жидкой фазы слитка в машине непрерывного литья слябов и устройство для его осуществления
JP6087155B2 (ja) * 2013-01-23 2017-03-01 株式会社神戸製鋼所 チタンまたはチタン合金からなるスラブの連続鋳造方法
CA2949837C (en) * 2014-05-21 2021-07-13 Novelis Inc. Mixing eductor nozzle and flow control device
CN112687419B (zh) * 2020-12-18 2022-04-12 岭东核电有限公司 乏燃料除金属井及去除乏燃料上液态金属的方法

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AU2004286877A1 (en) 2005-05-19
ES2285558T3 (es) 2007-11-16

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