US20050208651A1 - Vitro maturation of immature human oocytes - Google Patents
Vitro maturation of immature human oocytes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050208651A1 US20050208651A1 US10/506,713 US50671305A US2005208651A1 US 20050208651 A1 US20050208651 A1 US 20050208651A1 US 50671305 A US50671305 A US 50671305A US 2005208651 A1 US2005208651 A1 US 2005208651A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- culture medium
- oocyte
- growth factor
- oocytes
- human
- Prior art date
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
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- C12N2500/00—Specific components of cell culture medium
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- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/30—Hormones
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- C12N2501/30—Hormones
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- C12N2517/00—Cells related to new breeds of animals
- C12N2517/10—Conditioning of cells for in vitro fecondation or nuclear transfer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART), particularly to methods for culturing immature human oocytes so that they mature to metaphase-II stage capable of being fertilized and forming a viable embryo.
- ART assisted reproductive technology
- HCG human chorionic gonadotropin
- the harvested oocyte is then fertilized with the sperm.
- fertilization is effected by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
- ICSI intracytoplasmic sperm injection
- M-II metaphase-II
- a M-II oocyte is ready to accept the sperm and be fertilized.
- Metaphase-II is characterized by exclusion of one polar body from the cytoplasm, and is typically detected by visual identification under a microscope.
- the harvested oocyte remains surrounded by cumulus cells that support and promote the final maturation and development of the oocyte.
- the cumulus cells interfere with ICSI and obscure microscopic observation of the oocyte. Therefore, prior to ICSI, it is necessary to denude the oocyte of cumulus cells to permit determination of the level of oocyte maturity. This is generally accomplished by enzymatic and mechanical stripping of the cumulus cells.
- PCOS polycystic ovarian syndrome
- IVM media and methods have involved the use of human follicular fluid, in an effort to mimic the conditions within the follicle. In view of the risk of transmission of disease, allergic reaction, etc., use of biological fluids in IVM techniques is prohibited in most countries. Instead, the use of a “chemically-defined medium”, wherein the chemical composition of all of the ingredients is known, is preferred.
- TCM-199 tissue culture medium 199
- TCM-199 is a complex medium that contains many components, and was designed for in vitro culture of somatic cells, not germ cells. Notably, TCM-199 does not contain any growth factors.
- TCM-199 was first used for sheep oocyte IVM (Moor & Trounson, 1977), and has since been used routinely for bovine oocyte IVM (Brackett & Zuelke, 1993).
- the present invention provides in vitro maturation methods that are useful for culturing immature human oocytes to maturity.
- the invention provides a method for in vitro maturation of immature human oocytes, comprising the steps of:
- step (a) the subject has not been treated with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist, human menopausal gonadotrophin, HCG, or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
- a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist human menopausal gonadotrophin, HCG, or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
- FSH follicle stimulating hormone
- step (a) comprises administering to the subject HCG or luteinizing hormone (LH), or both.
- HCG is administered in an amount of about 5000 to about 20,000 IU, more preferably about 10,000 IU.
- the immature human oocyte is preferably an M-I stage or GV stage ooctye.
- the oocyte preferably is cultured until it reaches M-II.
- the immature human oocyte is essentially free of cumulus cells and is cultured in a culture medium comprising:
- At least one growth factor is at least one growth factor.
- the growth factor is fibroblast growth factor or epidermal growth factor, or both.
- the culture medium further comprises at least one hormone, e.g. insulin.
- the culture medium comprises from 0.5 mg/L to 50 mg/L insulin.
- the culture medium further comprises human transferrin, preferably from 5 mg/L to 500 mg/L human transferrin.
- the culture medium comprises from 0.0001 mg/L to 0.001 mg/L fibroblast growth factor.
- the culture medium comprises from 0.0001 to 0.01 mg/L epidermal growth factor.
- the culture medium comprises one or more vitamins, preferably biotin, D-Ca pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, i-inositol, nicotinamide, pyroxidal-HCl, riboflavin, and thiamine-HCl.
- vitamins preferably biotin, D-Ca pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, i-inositol, nicotinamide, pyroxidal-HCl, riboflavin, and thiamine-HCl.
- the culture medium may further comprise hydrocortisone or selenite, or both.
- Preferred inorganic salts include CaCl 2 , KCl, MgSO 4 , NaCl, NaHCO 3 and NaH 2 PO4-H 2 O.
- Preferred energy sources include D-glucose and sodium pyruvate, or both D-glucose and sodium pyruvate.
- the amino acids comprise alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine.
- the culture medium comprises the inorganic salts, amino acids, vitamins and other components as set forth in Table 1, and wherein each inorganic salt, amino acid, vitamin and other component is present in an amount of ⁇ 50% (weight/volume), more preferably ⁇ 10% (weight/volume), of the amount specified in Table 1.
- the oocyte has a cumulus that is intact or at least partially intact, and/or the oocyte is cultured in the presence of cumulus cells.
- the oocyte may be cultured in a culture medium that is essentially free of one or more of epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, human transferrin, insulin, selenite, and hydrocortisone.
- the oocyte is cultured in a culture medium comprising the inorganic salts, amino acids, vitamins and other components as set forth in Table 2, and wherein each inorganic salt, amino acid, vitamin and other component is present in an amount of ⁇ 50% (weight/volume), more preferably ⁇ 10% (weight/volume) of the amount specified in Table 2.
- the culture medium consists essentially of the inorganic salts, amino acids, vitamins and other components identified in Table 2.
- the culture medium consists of the inorganic salts, amino acids, vitamins and other components identified in Table 2.
- the invention provides a method for in vitro maturation of immature human oocytes, comprising culturing an immature human oocyte in a culture medium comprising:
- At least one growth factor is at least one growth factor.
- This embodiment is particularly useful when the immature human oocyte is essentially free of cumulus cells.
- the invention provides a method for in vitro maturation of immature human oocytes, comprising culturing an immature human oocyte in a culture medium comprising the inorganic salts, amino acids, vitamins and other components as set forth in Table 2.
- This embodiment is particularly useful when the immature human oocyte is cultured in the presence of cumulus cells.
- the culture medium consists essentially of the inorganic salts, amino acids, vitamins and other components as set forth in Table 2.
- the culture medium consists of the inorganic salts, amino acids, vitamins and other components as set forth in Table 2.
- each inorganic salt, amino acid, vitamin and other component is present in an amount of ⁇ 50%, more preferably ⁇ 10% (weight/volume), of the amount specified in Table 2.
- certain of the components listed in the “other components” sections of Table 1 and 2 may be absent from the medium.
- Components that may be absent include, without limitation, phenol red, penicillin G, streptomycin, and human serum albumin. This may apply wherever reference is made herein to Table 1 or 2.
- FIG. 1 shows fertilization rates of M-I stage oocytes derived from stimulation and ICSI cycles following 6 h, 24 h or 48 h of maturation, respectively.
- FIG. 2 shows cleavage rates of M-I stage oocytes derived from stimulation and ICSI cycles following 6 h, 24 h or 48 h of maturation, respectively.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show embryos developing to the 8-cell stage (A) and the blastocyst stage (B) following 6 h, 24 h or 48 h of maturation of M-I stage oocytes derived from stimulation and ICSI cycles.
- FIG. 4 shows fertilization rates of GV stage oocytes derived from stimulation and ICSI cycles following 24 h or 48 h of maturation.
- FIG. 5 shows cleavage rates of GV stage oocytes derived from stimulation and ICSI cycles following 24 h or 48 h of maturation.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B show embryos developing to the 8-cell stage (A) and the blastocyst stage (B) following 24 h or 48 h of maturation of GV stage oocytes derived from stimulation and ICSI cycles.
- FIG. 7 shows a blastocyst derived from GV stage oocytes following 24 h of maturation in vitro and illustrates that there is no difference in morphology from oocytes matured in vivo.
- the scale bar indicates 5 ⁇ m length.
- any female human subject who possesses viable oocytes is a candidate for IVM therapy.
- the subject will suffer from some form of infertility.
- the subject may experience normal oocyte production but have an impediment to fertilization, as in, e.g. PCOS or PCOS-like ovaries.
- IVM is also useful in women infertility with endometriosis, blockage of either or both fallopian tubes, etc.
- numerous follicles mature simultaneously in the ovaries, without the appearance of a dominant follicle.
- the subject's menstrual cycle may be regular, irregular or non-existent.
- IVM may be especially useful in women who are susceptible to or suffer from OHSS and are therefore not suitable candidates for traditional in vitro fertilization techniques involving an ovarian stimulation protocol.
- the subject may be an individual who does not suffer from infertility or have any reproductive impediment whatsoever, but for whom an in vitro fertilization method nevertheless remains desirable, as in, e.g. cases of male factor infertility.
- IVM in accordance with the invention does not necessarily involve an ovarian stimulation protocol.
- One of two “ovarian stimulation protocols” is usually used in conventional IVF, a “long protocol” or a “short protocol.”
- the long protocol has two steps. The first step involves pre-treating the subject for two or three weeks with GnRHa to down-regulate pituitary activity. Once pituitary suppression has been achieved, in the second step, HMG or FSH is administered to induce the development of multiple follicles.
- the short protocol involves only the ovarian stimulation step, but not the down-regulation step.
- Ovarian stimulation is required in conventional IVF techniques to permit the oocytes to mature to the M-II stage prior to harvest.
- ovarian stimulation need not be used. That is, the subject need not be pre-treated with GnRHa's, HMG and/or FSH.
- LH Luteinizing Hormone
- an increase in endogenous levels of LH is induced in the subject (also described herein as “priming”). This may be accomplished by e.g. administering to the subject an effective amount of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) (Profasi Serono, Oakville, Ontario, Canada) or LH, either of which stimulate endogenous LH production.
- HCG human chorionic gonadotropin
- Baseline concentration of LH in the plasma of premenopausal women is usually about 2-4 mIU/ml, and at midcycle peak may be up to 25-35 mIU/ml.
- the expression “inducing in a female human subject an increase in endogenous luteinizing hormone levels” means increasing the plasma LH concentration above the baseline concentration.
- plasma LH concentration is increased at least 100%, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 600%, 700%, 800%, 900%, 1000%, or 2000% above baseline concentration.
- HCG or LH may vary depending on the patient and the circumstances and may be determined by those of skill in the art.
- Subcutaneous injection is a preferred mode of administration although other modes of administration may be used.
- a single injection of about 5000 to about 20,000 IU of HCG is generally sufficient, with a single dose of about 10,000 IU of HCG being preferred.
- commencement of menstrual bleeding In the case of a subject having a regular menstrual cycle, the time for inducement may be determined relative to the commencement of menstrual bleeding, which is considered “day 0”.
- commencement of menstrual bleeding i.e. the initiation of “day 0”
- progesterone available from e.g. Prometrium; Schering, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada
- intravaginally in an amount of approximately 300 mg/day for 10 days.
- the ovaries are examined by ultrasound to assess the size and the number of follicles.
- the dominant follicle reaches a diameter of at least about 16 mm by day 10-14.
- a dominant follicle is present (e.g. as in normal ovarian function, as in the case of a healthy subject or a subject suffering from e.g. endometriosis or tubal blockage)
- the increase in endogenous LH activity is induced (e.g. by administration of HCG) when the dominant follicle reaches a diameter of about 15-17 mm, preferably at least about 16 mm.
- inducement of an increase in endogenous LH levels preferably occurs when the follicles are less than about 12 mm in diameter.
- Oocytes are generally retrieved from about 32 to about 40 hours after priming, more preferably about 34 to 38 hours after priming and even more preferably about 36 hours after priming.
- Means for retrieving oocytes are known in the art.
- transvaginal ultrasonographically-guided oocyte collection is done using a 17-20 gauge, preferably 19 gauge single-lumen aspiration needle at an aspiration pressure of from about 5 to about 10 kPa, preferably about 7.5 kPa.
- Immature human oocyte means a human oocyte that has not yet reached metaphase-II (M-II). As discussed previously, metaphase-II is characterized by exclusion of one polar body from the cytoplasm. Immature human oocytes used in the invention are typically at the germinal vesicle (GV) or metaphase-I (M-I) stage.
- GV germinal vesicle
- M-I metaphase-I
- Oocytes may be cultured with their cumulus intact, in a form known as a “cumulus-oocyte-complex” (COC), or oocytes may be partially or entirely denuded from cumulus cells.
- COC can be stripped with 85 IU/ml hyaluronidase in HEPES buffered medium and mechanically pipetted until oocytes are denuded.
- An oocyte that is “essentially free of cumulus cells” is an oocyte that is associated with sufficiently few cumulus cells that the cumulus cells have no detectable physiological effect on the oocyte.
- Culture conditions for human oocytes are known in the art and are not critical to the invention. Suitable culture conditions include e.g. culturing the oocytes at 37° C. in an atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO 2 at high humidity, e.g. 100% humidity. A “triple gas” atmosphere of 5% O 2 , 5% CO 2 and 90% N 2 may also be used. Mineral oil may be overlaid on the medium to control evaporation and/or temperature. Oocytes are typically cultured in a well containing 1 ml of culture medium or more, or may be cultured in 10 ⁇ l of culture medium or less in a droplet in a culture dish.
- Immature oocytes may be cultured for e.g. about 24 to about 48 hours. Because about 60% of oocytes typically reach maturity (M-II) after 24 hours of culture, when oocytes are cultured with an intact or partially intact cumulus, they may be denuded at about 24 hours and observed under a microscope to assess oocyte maturity. The physiological influence of the cumulus cells on the oocyte persists for only about the first 12 hours in culture, so denuding the oocyte after about 24 hours in culture has little or no negative effect.
- oocytes Due to the influence of cumulus cells on the maturation of oocytes, somewhat different culture media may be used when the oocytes are cultured for the first 12-24 hours in the presence of cumulus cells. This can occur e.g. when the oocytes are cultured as COCs or partially denuded or when denuded oocytes are co-cultured in the presence of cumulus cells.
- the inorganic salts, essential and non-essential amino acids, and energy source in the IVM medium are not critical to the invention. Suitable salts, amino acids and energy sources are known in the art.
- Inorganic salts are provided to buffer the pH of the medium within a range preferably of about 7.2-7.4 and to maintain correct osmolarity of the medium with the oocytes.
- Suitable inorganic salts and concentrations thereof as used in culture media are known in the art.
- Typical inorganic salts include CaCl 2 , KCl, MgSO 4 , NaCl, NaHCO 3 , NaH 2 PO4.H 2 O, FE(NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O, KH 2 PO 4 , Na.acetate, Na 2 H 2 PO 4 , etc.
- the IVM medium contains at least one amino acid or source thereof.
- at least the essential amino acids, or sources thereof are included in IVM medium.
- “Essential” amino acids are those amino acids not synthesized in the oocyte and that are essential for protein synthesis.
- the essential amino acids are generally considered to be isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine.
- a commercial amino acid mixture, containing the eight essential amino acids as well as some or all of the remaining non-essential amino acids may conveniently be used.
- Non-naturally occuring amino acids or amino acid derivatives as are known in the art may also be included in the IVM medium.
- the IVM medium of the invention comprises alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine.
- the IVM medium preferably contains vitamins as are known in the art for inclusion in culture media.
- Vitamins that may be included in the media include, without limitation, vitamins A1 (retinol), A2 (an alternative form of retinol), B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B6 (pyridoxine), B9 (folic acid), B12 (cyanocobalamin), B17, C (ascorbic acid), D, D2 (calciferol), D3 (cholecalciferol), E (tocopherol), H (biotin), K, K1 (phylloquinone), K2, K3 (menadione), P, etc.
- a particularly preferred combination of vitamins comprises biotin, D-Ca pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, i-inositol, nicotinamide, pyroxidal HCl, riboflavin, and thiamine-HCl.
- the IVM medium contains at least one growth factor (GF).
- growth factors are proteins that bind to receptors on the cell surface, with the primary result of activating cellular proliferation and/or differentiation. Many growth factors are quite versatile, stimulating cellular division in numerous different cell types, while others are specific to a particular cell-type. Growth factors may act on membranes of oocytes to positively stimulate oocyte maturation (Maruo et al., 1993; Goud et al., 1998).
- Useful growth factors in the context of the present invention include those selected from the following growth factor superfamilies: epidermal growth factor (EGF) family; platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) family; insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family; nerve growth factor (NGF) family; transforming growth factor (TGF) family; fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family; hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) family; hemapoietic growth factors; and cytokines.
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- PDGF platelet derived growth factor
- IGF insulin-like growth factor
- NGF nerve growth factor
- TGF transforming growth factor
- FGF fibroblast growth factor
- HGF hepatocyte growth factor
- hemapoietic growth factors and cytokines.
- the growth factors in IVM medium comprise fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF).
- FGF and EGF are readily available from commercial sources, and may be purchased together in a cell growth supplement.
- the IVM medium preferably contains from 0.0001 mg/L to 0.001 mg/L FGF, more preferably from 0.0002 mg/L to 0.001 mg/L FGF, and even more preferably about 0.0005 mg/L FGF.
- the IVM medium preferably contains from 0.0001 to 0.01 mg/L EGF, more preferably from 0.0005 mg/L to 0.002 mg/L EGF, and even more preferably about 0.001 mg/L EGF.
- the IVM medium preferably also contains at least one hormone.
- Preferred hormones include insulin, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
- FSH follicle-stimulating hormone
- LH luteinizing hormone
- Human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) can generally be substituted for FSH
- human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) can generally be substituted for LH.
- the IVM medium comprises insulin. Normally, insulin is involved in energy metabolism and amino acid transportation into cells.
- the IVM medium preferably contains from 0.5 mg/L to 50 mg/L insulin, more preferably 0.25 mg/L to 10 mg/L insulin, and even more preferably about 5 mg/L insulin.
- the IVM medium further comprises estradiol, LH and FSH.
- the amount of estradiol is preferably about 1 ⁇ g/ml ⁇ 10%, ⁇ 20%, ⁇ 30%, ⁇ 40% or ⁇ 50%.
- the amount of each of FSH and LH is preferably about 0.08 IU/ml ⁇ 10%, ⁇ 20%, ⁇ 30%, ⁇ 40% or ⁇ 50%.
- the IVM medium also contains human transferrin (TF).
- TF is a 75 kDa glycoprotein containing 679 amino acids and two glycan chains. For each, the last residue is a sialic (N-acetyl neuraminic) acid, which can be hydrolyzed by neuraminidase. TF not only transports iron in all extracellular fluid but also exerts many additional properties, including cell growth stimulation (Gross-Weege et al., 1986).
- the IVM medium preferably contains from from 5 mg/L to 500 mg/L TF, more preferably from 25 mg/L to 100 mg/L TF, and even more preferably about 50 mg/L TF.
- growth factors, hormones and transferrins discussed above may be naturally occurring, synthetic or recombinant, and encompass biologically active fragments, variants, derivatives and homologs of these substances that retain at least some of the biological activity of the naturally-occurring, synthetic or recombinantly-produced substances.
- a protein may include one or more amino acid insertions, deletions, substitutions or modifications without substantially reducing its biological activity.
- energy source is not critical to the invention, and may be e.g. glucose, sodium pyruvate, lactate, or a mixture of some or all of these energy sources.
- the IVM medium may additional contain additional components such as selenite or selenium and hydrocortisone.
- Buffers for controlling the pH of the medium may be added, such as Hepes, as may be pH indicators such as phenol red.
- Antibiotics such as penicillin G and streptomycin may be added to the IVM medium to prevent contamination.
- Synthetic Serum Supplement may be included in the IVM medium as a source of protein for the oocyte and to prevent cells from adhering to glassware during in vitro culture.
- SSS has the advantage of having received regulatory approval for human IVF, and is commercially available.
- the IVM medium includes the components set forth in Table 1.
- the absolute and relative quantities of each component can vary substantially, for example by up to ⁇ 10%, ⁇ 20%, ⁇ 30%, ⁇ 40%, ⁇ 50% weight by volume.
- Culture media as described above are also useful for culturing immature oocytes that have a cumulus that is intact or at least partially intact, and/or that are co-cultured with cumulus cells. But the presence of the cumulus cells in the first 12-24 hours of culture eliminates the need for growth factors, so the culture medium need not contain growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, etc.
- the culture medium described in the preceding section preferably contains human transferrin, insulin, selenite and hydrocortisone, these are not of substantial benefit when culturing oocytes in the presence of cumulus cells, and are therefore generally absent from the culture medium.
- complex culture media such as tissue culture media (e.g. TCM-199)
- tissue culture media e.g. TCM-199
- complex culture media such as TCM-199
- oocytes that are essentially free of cumulus cells are cultured in media that consists of, or consists essentially of the components listed in Table 1
- oocytes that are cultured in the presence of cumulus cells are cultured in media that consists of or consists essentially of the components listed in Table 2.
- fertilization is accomplished by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
- ICSI intracytoplasmic sperm injection
- spermatozoa can be prepared by gradient separation by centrifugation or by “swim-up” followed by washing with a suitable medium such as HTF supplemented with 10% SSS.
- a single spermatozoon may be injected into an M-II oocyte.
- the oocyte may be transferred to e.g. fertilization medium supplemented with 10% SSS in a tissue culture dish. Fertilization can be detected by the appearance of two distinct pronuclei and two polar bodies approximately 16-18 hours after ICSI.
- fertilized oocytes may be cultured in fertilization media until about 72 hours after ICSI and then transferred to e.g. embryo developmental medium (Vitrolife, Göteborg, Sweden) in a tissue culture dish under mineral oil for an additional 48 hours.
- embryo developmental medium e.g. embryo developmental medium (Vitrolife, Göteborg, Sweden) in a tissue culture dish under mineral oil for an additional 48 hours.
- a total of 521 immature oocytes (213 oocytes at GV stage and 308 oocytes at M-I stage) were collected from 183 women (age range between 28 to 40 years) who underwent controlled ovarian stimulation and ICSI cycles under informed consent.
- Ovarian stimulation was performed with GnRHa, HMG or FSH and HCG using standard protocols.
- oocyte retrieval was carried out using an ultrasound-guided trans-vaginal probe.
- the collected COC were cultured in human tubal fluid medium (HTF; Irvine Scientific) supplemented with 10% synthetic serum substitute (SSS; Irvine Scientific) and placed in a 5% CO 2 incubator (37° C. with high humidity) for at least 1 h before they were stripped from their cumulus cells.
- HIF human tubal fluid medium
- SSS synthetic serum substitute
- COC were stripped with 85 IU/ml hyaluronidase in HTF medium and mechanical pipetting. All oocytes were completely denuded from their cumulus cells. Denuded oocytes were observed under an inverted microscope to assess for oocyte maturity. The mature oocytes were determined by the presence of a first polar body extrusion (1PB). The oocytes with a visual polar body (M-II) were provided for clinical application to perform the ICSI procedure immediately. Immature oocytes were defined by the absence of 1PB and then identified as GV or M-I stages depending upon whether the oocytes contained a visible GV in the cytoplasm under microscope. Immature oocytes without a GV in the cytoplasm were considered as M-I stage. These immature oocytes were used for in vitro maturation.
- PB first polar body extrusion
- M-II visual polar body
- the immature oocytes were cultured in HTF medium supplemented with 10% SSS (Irvine Scientific) placed in a 37° C. and 5% CO 2 incubator before transferred to the maturation medium.
- the time of the immature oocytes were transferred to maturation medium is defined as the starting point for maturation in culture. Normally, it takes approximately 3-4 h from oocyte retrieval to the start of oocyte maturation.
- the immature oocytes were washed at least twice in maturation medium.
- the immature oocytes were cultured in an organ tissue culture dish (60 ⁇ 15 mm; Falcon) containing 1 ml of maturation medium (TCM-199 or IVM-medium) at 37° C. in an atmosphere of 5% CO 2 and 95% air with high humidity.
- TCM-199 or IVM-medium 1 ml of maturation medium
- a maximum of 5 oocytes (1 to 5) were placed in each organ tissue culture dish.
- the maturity of the oocytes was determined under the microscope at 6 h for M-I stage oocytes and then at 24 h and 48 h for both M-I and GV stage oocytes.
- ICSI Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
- sperm for ICSI were prepared by PureSperm (Nidacon, Sweden) gradient separation (45%, 70% and 90%) at 560 g for 20 min. Following gradient separation, the sperm pellet was washed twice (200 g) with 2 ml of HTF medium (Irvine Scientific) supplemented with 10% SSS.
- each oocyte was transferred into a 20 ⁇ l droplet of HTF medium supplemented with 10% SSS in a tissue culture dish (35 ⁇ 10 mm; Falcon) under mineral oil (Sigma).
- Fertilization was assessed 16-18 h after ICSI for the appearance of two distinct pronuclei and two polar bodies. Since the oocytes were not matured at the same time following culture, the sperm samples were kept in 5 ml Falcon tubes (tight tube cap) containing 0.5-1.0 ml HTF medium supplemented with 10% SSS at room temperature for further insemination by ICSI at 6 h, 24 h or 48 h, respectively.
- Fertilized oocytes (with two pronuclei) were cultured in HTF medium supplemented with 10% SSS until 72 h after ICSI, and then each embryo was transferred into a 20 ⁇ l droplet of G2.2 medium (VitroLife, Sweden) in a tissue culture dish (35 ⁇ 10 mm; Falcon) under mineral oil (Sigma) further culture for 48 h. Embryo development was recorded at 24 h intervals following culture until day 5 (120 h). All embryos were destroyed on day 5 following consent instruction from the patients.
- FIG. 1 shows the fertilization rates of the oocytes matured in the IVM-medium or TCM-199 at 6 h (93.8% vs. 90.1%), 24 h (89.2% vs. 84.9%) and 48 h (50.0% vs. 0.0%), respectively.
- the treatment cycles was initiated by the administration of intra-vaginal progesterone (Prometrium; Schering, Pointe-Clair, Quebec, Canada) in a dose of 300 mg daily for 10 days. Withdrawal bleeding occurred within 3 days after the last dose.
- intra-vaginal progesterone Prometrium; Schering, Pointe-Clair, Quebec, Canada
- Oocyte retrieval was performed on day 10 to 14 of the cycle. Before oocyte collection 36 hours, the patients were given s.c. 10,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) for priming.
- HCG human chorionic gonadotropin
- Transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte collection was performed using a specially designed 19 G single-lumen aspiration needle (Cook, Australia) with an aspiration pressure of 7.5 kPa. Aspiration of all small follicles was performed under local anaesthesia. Oocytes were collected in 10 ml culture tubes (Falcon, USA) containing 2.0 ml warm 0.9% saline contained with 2 IU/ml heparin (Baxter, Toronto, Ontario, Canada).
- COCs cumulus-oocyte complexes
- the mature oocytes (metaphase-II stage) were inseminated by ICSI. Fertilization was assessed 18 h after ICSI for the appearance of two distinct pronuclei and two polar bodies. Embryo transfer was performed on day 2 or 3 after ICSI. Since the oocytes were inseminated either 24 or 48 hours following culture, the developmental stages of embryos were variable.
- estradiol Estace; Roberts Pharmaceutical, Mississauga, Canada
- estradiol Estace; Roberts Pharmaceutical, Mississauga, Canada
- the endometrial thickness on the day of oocyte retrieval was ⁇ 4 mm, a 10 mg dose was administered; if it was >6 mm, a 6 mg dose was given.
- Luteal support was provided by 400 mg intravaginal progesterone (Prometrium) twice daily for 16 days starting from the day after oocyte collection.
- Inorganic Salt CaCl 2 200.0000 KCl 400.0000 MgSO 4 98.0000 NaCl 6800.0000 NaHCO 3 1250.0000 NaH 2 PO 4 .H 2 O 125.0000 Amino Acids: L-Alanine 8.9000 L-Arginine 126.4000 L-Asparagine 13.2000 L-Aspartic Acid 13.3000 L-Cystine 24.0000 L-Glutamic Acid 14.7000 L-Glutamine 292.0000 Glycine 7.5000 L-Histidine.HCI.H 2 O 42.0000 L-Isoleucine 52.4000 L-Leucine 52.4000 L-Lysine.HCI 72.5000 L-Methionine 15.1000 L-Phenylalanine 33.0000 L-Proline 11.5000 L-Serine 10.5000 L-Threonine 47.6000 L-Tryptophan 10.2000 L-Tyrosine 36.0000 L-Valine 46.8000 Vitamins: Biotin 0.0100 D-Ca Pant
- Pincus G, Enzmann E V The comparative behaviour of mammalian eggs in vivo and in vitro. 1. The activation of ovarian eggs. J Exp Med 1935; 62:665-675.
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US10/506,713 US20050208651A1 (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2003-03-07 | Vitro maturation of immature human oocytes |
US11/969,522 US7790459B2 (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2008-01-04 | In vitro maturation of immature human oocytes |
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US36239502P | 2002-03-08 | 2002-03-08 | |
PCT/CA2003/000323 WO2003076600A2 (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2003-03-07 | In vitro maturation of immature human oocytes |
US10/506,713 US20050208651A1 (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2003-03-07 | Vitro maturation of immature human oocytes |
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US11/969,522 Expired - Lifetime US7790459B2 (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2008-01-04 | In vitro maturation of immature human oocytes |
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EP (1) | EP1483368A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2005518823A (ja) |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110709505A (zh) * | 2017-04-12 | 2020-01-17 | 派乔易股份有限公司 | 特别是用于体外受精或用于卵泡、雄性生殖细胞或胚胎的细胞培养基的无细胞因子的佐剂 |
CN114149962A (zh) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-08 | 艾尔斯(浙江)医学科技有限公司 | 一种人类卵母细胞体外受精前培养方法和系列培养液与应用 |
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PL1697504T3 (pl) * | 2003-11-26 | 2012-01-31 | Merck Serono Sa | Zastosowanie cytokin typu IL-6 do dojrzewania oocytów |
WO2006039604A1 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-04-13 | Applied Research Systems Ars Holding, N.V. | Use of pregnancy specific glycoprotein for maturation of oocytes |
ES2329393T3 (es) * | 2004-09-30 | 2009-11-25 | Merck Serono Sa | Uso de il-17 para la maduracion de ovocitos. |
BRPI0914192A2 (pt) | 2008-09-22 | 2015-11-03 | Biochemics Inc | distribuição transdérmica de fármaco usando um osmólito e agente vasoativo |
WO2010065922A2 (en) | 2008-12-04 | 2010-06-10 | Biochemics, Inc. | Methods and compositions for tattoo removal |
AT510810B1 (de) * | 2010-12-09 | 2017-09-15 | Gonadosan Gmbh | Kombinationspräparat zur verbesserung der weiblichen fertilität |
BR112018068474B1 (pt) * | 2016-02-24 | 2024-01-30 | Universitá Degli Studi Di Milano, Unimi | Sistema folicular para maturação de oócitos in vitro e kit |
FR3061208B1 (fr) * | 2016-12-23 | 2024-04-05 | Patrick Choay Sas | Adjuvants pour milieux de culture cellulaire, notamment pour fecondation in vitro, ou pour la culture de follicules, cellules germinales males ou embryons |
CN110643569B (zh) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-05-26 | 广州达瑞生殖技术有限公司 | 一种颗粒细胞剥离液及其制备方法 |
WO2024091707A1 (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-05-02 | JangoBio, LLC | Methods of generating hormone-producing organoids and reversing hypogonadism |
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US5563059A (en) * | 1993-02-23 | 1996-10-08 | Genentech, Inc. | Use of human inhibin and human activin to increase the number of mature primate oocytes |
US5882928A (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 1999-03-16 | Oocytechs Research Corporation | In vitro maturation and fertilization of mammalian oocytes |
US6211429B1 (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 2001-04-03 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Complete oocyte activation using an oocyte-modifying agent and a reducing agent |
US6281013B1 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2001-08-28 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Treatment of Infertility |
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IL94184A0 (en) | 1989-05-01 | 1991-01-31 | Granada Biosciences Inc | In vitro maturation of bovine oocytes |
JPH09503753A (ja) | 1993-08-03 | 1997-04-15 | セルトリックス ファーマシューティカルズ,インコーポレイテッド | 生殖障害の治療方法 |
EP1146837A4 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2002-10-31 | Ivf Sciences Colorado Inc | ARRANGEMENT AND SEQUENTIAL CULTURAL MEDIA FOR IN-VITRO FERTILISATION |
CN1353617A (zh) | 1999-02-24 | 2002-06-12 | 诺沃挪第克公司 | 不孕症的治疗 |
JP2001017160A (ja) | 1999-07-07 | 2001-01-23 | Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd | 体外受精用培地組成物 |
ES2284542T3 (es) | 1999-11-25 | 2007-11-16 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Tratamiento de infertilidad humana. |
JP2003529378A (ja) | 2000-04-06 | 2003-10-07 | ノボ ノルディスク アクティーゼルスカブ | 卵母細胞の細胞質および核成熟の体外成熟方法 |
-
2003
- 2003-03-07 EP EP03706185A patent/EP1483368A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-03-07 US US10/506,713 patent/US20050208651A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-07 CA CA2477743A patent/CA2477743C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-07 JP JP2003574807A patent/JP2005518823A/ja active Pending
- 2003-03-07 WO PCT/CA2003/000323 patent/WO2003076600A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-03-07 AU AU2003208232A patent/AU2003208232B2/en not_active Ceased
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US4987080A (en) * | 1987-11-03 | 1991-01-22 | Grob Howard S | Method for in vitro maturation of oocytes |
US5563059A (en) * | 1993-02-23 | 1996-10-08 | Genentech, Inc. | Use of human inhibin and human activin to increase the number of mature primate oocytes |
US5882928A (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 1999-03-16 | Oocytechs Research Corporation | In vitro maturation and fertilization of mammalian oocytes |
US6211429B1 (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 2001-04-03 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Complete oocyte activation using an oocyte-modifying agent and a reducing agent |
US20010028878A1 (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2001-10-11 | Svend Lindenberg | In vitro maturation of human oocytes in one day |
US20020115211A1 (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2002-08-22 | Medi-Cult A/S | A method for in vitro maturation of human gametes |
US6281013B1 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2001-08-28 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Treatment of Infertility |
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CN110709505A (zh) * | 2017-04-12 | 2020-01-17 | 派乔易股份有限公司 | 特别是用于体外受精或用于卵泡、雄性生殖细胞或胚胎的细胞培养基的无细胞因子的佐剂 |
CN114149962A (zh) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-08 | 艾尔斯(浙江)医学科技有限公司 | 一种人类卵母细胞体外受精前培养方法和系列培养液与应用 |
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CA2477743C (en) | 2011-11-08 |
WO2003076600A2 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
AU2003208232A1 (en) | 2003-09-22 |
AU2003208232B2 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
CA2477743A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
JP2005518823A (ja) | 2005-06-30 |
WO2003076600A3 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
US7790459B2 (en) | 2010-09-07 |
EP1483368A2 (en) | 2004-12-08 |
US20080176324A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
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