US20050081470A1 - Block and block connector - Google Patents

Block and block connector Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050081470A1
US20050081470A1 US10/952,804 US95280404A US2005081470A1 US 20050081470 A1 US20050081470 A1 US 20050081470A1 US 95280404 A US95280404 A US 95280404A US 2005081470 A1 US2005081470 A1 US 2005081470A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
block
blocks
front side
connector
joint means
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Abandoned
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US10/952,804
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English (en)
Inventor
Morito Utsunomiya
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
    • E02D29/0283—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features of mixed type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a block and a block connector used in construction of a concrete retaining wall built on a relatively small uneven ground such as a construction site for houses.
  • An example of a concrete block used in construction of the above concrete retaining wall is a concrete block for filling concrete provided with a means for connecting a pair of blocks arranged in parallel, which is disclosed in Unexamined Japanese Utility Model Publications No. 6-74705 and No. 6-79915, for example.
  • Both of the concrete blocks described in the above two publications need two connectors as connecting means.
  • the connecting operations take more time, which may prolong the whole construction period.
  • the connecting means are connected by inserting a part of the connector into a concave receiving groove formed on the block to tightly engage the connector with the receiving groove, if earth and sand or the like adheres to the inside of the receiving groove, insertion of the connector becomes difficult, hindering the operation.
  • earth and sand or the like must be completely removed from the receiving groove before inserting the connector into the receiving groove, which takes time.
  • earth and sand or the like adhere easily and accumulate in the groove, and it is also difficult to remove such accumulated earth and sand.
  • the connector can no longer be inserted into the receiving groove of the lower block. Therefore, the blocks have to be connected in making every tier and then stacked, requiring a large amount of labor and time for the construction.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a block and a block connector capable of easily constructing a concrete retaining wall in relatively short time.
  • the block in a block for forming a wall structure by arranging a plurality of the blocks to tightly contact with each other in vertical and horizontal directions, the block comprises a plane front side to form a continuous flat surface on an outside of the wall structure, and at least one fixing portion for receiving a block connector, the fixing portion being formed on a rear side of the front side at a predetermined interval and projecting from the block.
  • a plurality of the blocks of the present invention are arranged with the rear sides of the blocks being opposed to each other at an interval therebetween and stacked to tightly contact with each other in vertical and horizontal directions while connecting the fixing portions in opposite positions using the connectors, thereby forming two wall structures opposed to each other with the interval therebetween. Then, concrete is poured between the wall structures and hardened to form a concrete retaining wall.
  • this method does not require highly experienced reinforcing-bar placers or formwork experts and makes for easy construction of a concrete retaining wall in relatively short time.
  • the blocks arranged to position the rear sides being opposed to each other are connected on a plurality of points, which secures and stabilizes the connecting conditions. It is preferable that the plurality of the fixing portions may be arranged in a horizontal direction at a predetermined interval therebetween.
  • joint means for jointing the plurality of the blocks to prevent transverse displacement of the blocks relative to the adjacent block may be formed on a top, bottom, right side, and left side surfaces of the block.
  • the joint means when constructing a wall structure by stacking the blocks to tightly contact with each other in vertical and horizontal directions, the blocks can be jointed to prevent transverse displacement relative to the adjacent blocks. Accordingly, not only can the operability and accuracy in arrangement when stacking the blocks in vertical and horizontal directions be improved, but also the degree of security can be intensified.
  • joint cement is unnecessary, resulting in reduction of work and materials necessary for application of joint cement. In addition, it is not necessary to wait cement to be hardened, which leads to shorter construction periods.
  • the joint means may be a concave groove or a convex line that can be engaged with the convex line or the concave groove formed as the joint means of the adjacent block, respectively.
  • the concave groove or the convex line when stacking the blocks in vertical and horizontal directions, the blocks can be securely jointed simply by engaging the convex line or the concave groove with the concave groove or the convex line of the adjacent block, respectively.
  • a cut-out portion extending to the rear side may be formed on a part of a periphery of the front side of the block.
  • the cut-out portion when pouring concrete to a rear side of a wall structure constructed by stacking a plurality of the blocks in vertical and horizontal directions, the cut-out portion penetrating from an outside to the rear side of the wall structure functions as a passage for discharging air, thereby removing residual air from the concrete. Therefore, strength reduction of the retaining wall due to the residual air can be prevented.
  • the front side of the block may be slanted leaning toward the rear side of the block.
  • the blocks layered on the other are aligned in vertically setback relationship by a predetermined distance so that the slanted front sides of the blocks can form a slanted continuous flat surface, thereby constructing a wall structure having a slant outer surface leaning toward the rear side of the wall structure as a whole.
  • the gravity concrete retaining wall when constructing a gravity concrete retaining wall, which requires a form with an outer surface of one of a pair of wall structures opposed to each other being slanted toward the center of the wall structure, the gravity concrete retaining wall can be constructed without a mould form. Therefore, frame materials and formwork experts are not necessary, and the construction period can be shortened.
  • a block connector of the present invention comprises a holding portion for detachably holding the above-described fixing portion of the block and a connecting member having a predetermined length, the holding portion being provided on both ends of the connecting member.
  • a plurality of the holding portions may be provided on each of both ends of the connecting member at a predetermined interval. This enables only one block connector to hold the block on a plurality of points, which leads to further securer connecting conditions. It is also possible to hold the fixing portion of the block in a manner straddling the adjacent blocks, which prevents displacement of the adjacent blocks.
  • the interval between the above plurality of the holding portions may be set to be substantially the same as the interval between the plurality of the fixing portions provided on the block of the present invention.
  • the plurality of the fixing portions can be accurately held by each of the holding portions to obtain secure connecting conditions, improving operability of the connecting work.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating a block of a first embodiment according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the block in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the block in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a rear view of the block in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 5A is a left side view of the block in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 5B is a right side view of the block in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating a block of a second embodiment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a front view of the block in FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the block in FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 9 is a rear view of the block in FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 10A is a left side view of the block in FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 10B is a right side view of the block in FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view illustrating a block connector of an embodiment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view of the block connector in FIG. 11 ;
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which the block in FIG. 1 is connected to the block in FIG. 6 with the block connector in FIG. 11 ;
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which the block in FIG. 1 is connected to the block in FIG. 6 with the block connector in FIG. 11 ;
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which the block in FIG. 1 is connected to the block in FIG. 6 with the block connector in FIG. 11 ;
  • FIG. 16 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which the block in FIG. 1 is connected to the block in FIG. 6 with the block connector in FIG. 11 ;
  • FIG. 17 is a side view illustrating a retaining wall constructed by connecting the block in FIG. 1 to the block in FIG. 6 with the block connector in FIG. 11 ;
  • FIG. 18 is a front view of the retaining wall in FIG. 17 ;
  • FIG. 19 is a front view illustrating a retaining wall of another embodiment
  • FIG. 20 is a side view illustrating a state in which a concrete retaining wall is being constructed
  • FIG. 21 is a vertical sectional view illustrating a concrete retaining wall after completion.
  • FIG. 22 is a vertical sectional view illustrating a concrete retaining wall after completion.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating a block of a first embodiment according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the block in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the block in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 4 is a rear view of the block in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 5A is a left side view of the block in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 5B is a right side view of the block in FIG. 1 .
  • a block 10 in a first embodiment is, as illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18 described later, a concrete block for forming a wall structure 30 having a vertical outer surface 31 by arranging a plurality of the blocks 10 to tightly contact with each other in vertical and horizontal directions.
  • the block 10 comprises a plane front side 18 for constituting a continuous flat surface to form the outer surface 31 of the wall structure 30 , and a plurality of fixing portions 12 for receiving a block connector that are formed on a rear side of the front side 18 and projecting from the block 10 .
  • the plurality of the fixing portions 12 are formed of a part of a flat plate body 11 provided on the rear side in parallel to the front side 18 .
  • the fixing portions 12 are arranged on the rear side of the block 10 in a horizontal direction at predetermined intervals therebetween.
  • a convex line 13 is formed in parallel to the front side 18 on a top and a right side of the block 10 in a position close to the front side 18
  • a concave groove 14 for receiving the convex line 13 is formed on the left side and a bottom of the block 10 in a position close to the front side 18 .
  • a hole 15 is formed in the center of the block 10 in parallel to the front side 18 penetrating the block 10 in a vertical direction.
  • a U-shaped groove 16 is formed, respectively, with a longitudinal direction thereof in parallel to the front side 18 .
  • a U-shaped cut-out portion 17 is formed, respectively.
  • the block 10 can be manufactured using a conventional block machine.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating a block of a second embodiment according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a front view of the block in FIG. 6
  • FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the block in FIG. 6
  • FIG. 9 is a rear view of the block in FIG. 6
  • FIG. 10A is a left side view of the block in FIG. 6
  • FIG. 10B is a right side view of the block in FIG. 6 .
  • the block 20 of the second embodiment is, as illustrated in FIG. 17 described later, a block for forming a wall structure 40 having a slanted outer surface 41 leaning toward a rear side of the block 20 as a whole by arranging a plurality of the blocks 20 to tightly contact with each other in vertical and horizontal directions.
  • the block 20 comprises a plane front side 28 for constituting a continuous flat surface to form the outer surface 41 of the wall structure 40 , and a plurality of fixing portions 22 for receiving a block connector that are formed on the rear side of the front side 28 and projecting from the block 20 .
  • the front side 28 of the block 20 is slanted in a direction leaning toward the rear side of the block 20 .
  • the plurality of the fixing portions 22 is formed of a part of two flat plate bodies 21 provided on the rear side of the block 20 in parallel to the front side 28 .
  • the fixing portions 22 are arranged on the rear side of the block 20 in a horizontal direction at predetermined intervals therebetween.
  • a convex line 23 is formed in parallel to the flat plate bodies 21 on a top of the block 20 in a position close to the front side 28 and on the left side of the block 20 , and a concave groove 24 for receiving the convex line 23 is formed on the bottom of the block 20 in a position close to the front side 28 and on the right side of the block 20 .
  • each of the cut-out portions 27 has substantially a V-shape.
  • the block 20 can also be manufactured using a conventional block machine.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view illustrating a block connector of an embodiment according to the present invention
  • FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view of the block connector in FIG. 11 .
  • the block connector 50 of the third embodiment comprises a connecting member 51 having a predetermined length that is formed by bending a band-shaped material at both ends thereof toward a same direction to form an L-shape, and holding members 52 that are detachably jointed to joint portions 51 a formed on both ends of the connecting member 51 .
  • a body 52 a of the holding member 52 has a substantially elbowed shape in a plan view and is provided with a pocket 52 c at a center thereof.
  • the pocket 52 c is formed by bending a tongue 52 b extending from a part of the body 52 a at an angle of 180 degrees upwardly to be opposed to the body 52 a .
  • a holding portion 52 d having a substantially square horseshoe shape with its lower side open is provided.
  • Each of the joint portions 51 a on the both ends of the connecting member 51 is detachably inserted into the pocket 52 c of each of the holding members 52 , respectively, thereby jointing the connecting member 51 and the holding members 52 .
  • a distal end of the tongue 52 b is formed to be bent toward a direction parting from the body 52 a so that the joint portion 51 a can be easily guided to an inside of the pocket 52 c .
  • a bent portion 52 f having an obtuse angle is formed on the body 52 at each end of a portion opposed to the tongue 52 b , which prevents displacement of the joint portion 51 a inserted into the pocket 52 c in a direction toward the holding portion 52 d.
  • the method of forming the pocket 52 c is not limited to the above-described method, that is, the method to bend the tongue 52 b extending from a part of the body 52 a at an angle of 180 degrees upwardly to be opposed to the body 52 a .
  • a band-shaped material having the same width as the tongue 52 b is folded to form a member having an S-shape or Z-shape in a side view, and the member is attached to the center of the body 52 a formed without the tongue 52 b , or to a portion between the two bent portions 52 f , to provide the pocket 52 c for inserting the joint portion 51 a.
  • block connectors with various intervals between a pair of the holding members 52 can be obtained by optionally selecting the connecting members 51 . In this manner, the block connector 50 can be applied to different intervals between the block 10 and the block 20 arranged.
  • An opening 52 e of the holding portion 52 d has a thickness that is approximately the same as or slightly less than the thicknesses of the fixing portions 12 and 22 of the blocks 10 and 20 .
  • the connecting members 51 and the holding member 52 are both made of elastic materials, the joint portion 51 a inserted into the pocket 52 c is held by an elastic force of the tongue 52 b , and an elastic force of the holding portion 52 d holds the fixing portions 12 and 22 of the blocks 12 and 22 .
  • FIGS. 13 to 16 are perspective views illustrating states in which the block 10 is connected to the block 20 with the block connector 50 .
  • the fixing portions 12 and 22 of the blocks 10 and 20 with their rear sides arranged to be opposed to each other are held by the holding portions 52 d of the block connector 50 , thereby connecting the blocks 10 and 20 to have a predetermined interval therebetween.
  • two of the fixing portions 12 that are provided close to the center of the block 10 are held by two of the holding portions 52 d of the holding members 52 on one side of the block connector 50
  • two of the fixing portions 22 that are provided close to the center of the block 20 are held by two of the holding portions 52 d of the holding member 52 on the other side of the block connector 50 .
  • the state in which the fixing portions 12 and 22 are held by the holding portions 52 d is similar to a state in which shoulders of a human body are gripped with hands, which realizes a secure fixing state. Furthermore, as the fixing portions 12 and 22 have a projecting form, earth and sand or the like are less likely to adhere to or accumulate on the fixing portions 12 and 22 . Even if earth and sand should adhere, they could easily be removed. In addition, if a pressure is loaded on the holding portions 52 d when holding the fixing portions 12 and 22 , there is no danger of cracking or breaking the blocks 10 and 20 .
  • the blocks 10 and 20 can be held at two points each by the single block connector 50 , leading to a secure connecting state.
  • the holding portions 12 and 22 are not necessarily held at the positions close to the center by the two holding portions 52 d as shown in FIG. 13 , but can be held at two positions close to the sides of the blocks 10 and 20 .
  • the block connector 50 can be mounted on a position bordering the adjacent blocks 10 and 20 so as to hold the fixing portions 12 and 22 of the blocks 10 and 20 straddling the adjacent blocks 10 and 20 .
  • the block connector 50 By arranging the block connector 50 as shown in FIG. 15 , displacement of the blocks 10 and 20 relative to the adjacent blocks 10 and 20 can be prevented.
  • the interval between the two holding portions 52 d provided on both sides of the block connector 50 is substantially identical with the interval between the fixing portions 12 formed on the block 10 and the interval between the fixing portions 22 formed on the block 20 . Therefore, the plurality of the fixing portions 12 and 22 formed on the blocks 10 and 20 can be selectively held by the holding portions 52 d . Accordingly, the positioning of the block connector 50 can be optionally set depending on conditions of construction, resulting in excellent workability. Moreover, the two fixing portions 12 and 22 are held exactly by the two holding portions 52 d , which leads to a secure connecting state.
  • FIG. 17 is a side view illustrating a retaining wall constructed by connecting the blocks 10 and 20 with the block connector 50 ;
  • FIG. 18 is a front view of the retaining wall in FIG. 17 ;
  • FIG. 19 is a front view illustrating a retaining wall of another embodiment;
  • FIG. 20 is a side view illustrating a state in which a concrete retaining wall is being constructed;
  • FIGS. 21 and 22 are vertical sectional views illustrating the concrete retaining wall after completion.
  • the blocks 10 and 20 are arranged with their rear sides being opposed to each other at a predetermined interval therebetween, and a tier of the blocks 10 and 20 is consecutively overlaid on a top of the other tier of the blocks 10 and 20 , respectively.
  • the block 10 is stacked in a right vertical direction while the block 20 is layered on the other blocks 20 below to be aligned in a vertically setback relationship toward the rear side, or the side of the block 10 , by a regular distance so that the slanted front sides 28 of the blocks 20 can form a slanted continuous flat surface.
  • the blocks 10 and the blocks 20 opposed to each other are connected with the block connectors 50 .
  • the number and position of the block connector 50 can be optionally set depending on conditions of construction.
  • a wall structure 30 having a vertical surface and a wall structure 40 having an outer surface leaning toward the rear side as a whole can be constructed.
  • the block connector 50 can be attached to or detached from the fixing portions 12 and 22 of the blocks 10 and 20 after the blocks 10 and 20 are vertically stacked.
  • the block connectors 50 can be added or reduced, and also the position of the block connector 50 can be changed so as to applicable to various conditions of construction.
  • the blocks 10 and 20 can be arranged either in a grid pattern as shown in FIG. 18 or in a staggered pattern as shown in FIG. 19 .
  • the blocks 10 and 20 are jointed so as to prevent transverse displacement of the blocks relative to the adjacent blocks 10 and 20 .
  • the blocks 10 and 20 do not displace transversely to the adjacent blocks 10 and 20 , which leads to higher operability and execution accuracy when stacking the blocks 10 and 20 in vertical and horizontal directions as well as increasing safety.
  • joint cement becomes unnecessary, resulting in omission of work and materials necessary for application of joint cement. In addition, it is not necessary to wait for the cement to harden, which leads to shorter construction periods.
  • a plurality of the cut-out portions 27 extending to the rear side of the block 20 are formed.
  • the cut-out portions penetrating from the outer surface to the rear side of the wall structure 40 function as passages for discharging air, thereby removing residual air from the concrete poured between the wall structures 30 and 40 . Therefore, the strength reduction of the concrete retaining wall due to the residual air can be prevented.
  • cobbles stones 62 are disposed on flat ground opened by breaking natural ground 61 , and concrete is poured thereon to form a concrete bed 63 .
  • the blocks 10 and 20 are stacked on the concrete bed 63 in a manner illustrated in FIG. 17 .
  • the blocks 10 and 20 are stacked by each tier and connected with the block connector 50 (not shown).
  • a vertical supporting member 41 In order to prevent the blocks 10 stacked in a vertical direction from falling during an operation, a vertical supporting member 41 , a slant stay 42 , and a horizontal stay 43 can be provided.
  • a supporting member 44 with an extension mechanism can also be disposed in a slanted manner between the blocks 20 and 10 in order to prevent the blocks 20 stacked in setback positions from falling in the leaning direction.
  • the supporting member 44 comprises a turnbuckle type extension member 44 a and a supporting tube 44 b , which are connected to each other. Preparing several kinds of the supporting tubes 44 b having different lengths, the most appropriate one can be selected depending on the height of the block 20 to be supported by the supporting tube 44 b.
  • concrete 48 is poured through openings indicated by arrows 45 , 46 and 47 . Then, a gap between the blocks 10 and 20 is filled with the poured concrete along the arrow 46 .
  • the concrete poured along the arrow 45 flows downward through the hole 15 and the U-shaped groove 16 while pouring through the U-shaped cut-out portion 17 in a horizontal direction.
  • the concrete poured along the arrow 47 flows downward and into the rear side through the U-shaped grooves 25 and 26 of the block 20 .
  • the vertical supporting member 41 , the slant stay 41 , and the horizontal stay 43 are dismantled to complete construction of a concrete retaining wall 60 . It is followed by filling original earth and sand between the natural ground 61 and the concrete retaining wall 60 , and thus all construction work is finished.
  • the slanted wall structure 40 formed by the blocks 20 contacts with the natural ground 61 .
  • the structure is not limited to this structure, but the vertical wall structure 30 formed by the blocks 10 can contact with the natural ground 61 .
US10/952,804 2003-10-15 2004-09-30 Block and block connector Abandoned US20050081470A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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JPP2003-355122 2003-10-15
JP2003355122A JP3939283B2 (ja) 2003-10-15 2003-10-15 ブロックおよびブロック連結具

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Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070074478A1 (en) * 2005-09-06 2007-04-05 Rocvale Produits De Beton Inc. Block connector
WO2007045340A1 (de) * 2005-10-19 2007-04-26 Sf-Kooperation Gmbh Beton-Konzepte Stützwand
US8820024B1 (en) * 2013-03-11 2014-09-02 Mohammad A. H. S. H. Abdullah Wall building system and method
USD773693S1 (en) 2014-05-07 2016-12-06 Pavestone, LLC Front face of a retaining wall block
USD791346S1 (en) 2015-10-21 2017-07-04 Pavestone, LLC Interlocking paver
US9701046B2 (en) 2013-06-21 2017-07-11 Pavestone, LLC Method and apparatus for dry cast facing concrete deposition
US10583588B2 (en) 2013-06-21 2020-03-10 Pavestone, LLC Manufactured retaining wall block with improved false joint

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JP5364221B2 (ja) * 2009-03-11 2013-12-11 卓生 行本 環境保全型ブロック
JP6489568B1 (ja) * 2018-07-17 2019-03-27 有限会社インパクト 道路拡幅用擁壁
KR102006305B1 (ko) * 2018-12-24 2019-08-01 (주)지성이씨에스 절토사면 및 성토지 옹벽용 블럭 구조물

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US20070074478A1 (en) * 2005-09-06 2007-04-05 Rocvale Produits De Beton Inc. Block connector
US7290377B2 (en) 2005-09-06 2007-11-06 Rocvale Produits De Beton Inc. Block connector
WO2007045340A1 (de) * 2005-10-19 2007-04-26 Sf-Kooperation Gmbh Beton-Konzepte Stützwand
US20110135404A1 (en) * 2005-10-19 2011-06-09 Stephan Steffen Retaining wall
US8100608B2 (en) 2005-10-19 2012-01-24 Sf-Kooperation Gmbh Beton-Konzepte Retaining wall
US8820024B1 (en) * 2013-03-11 2014-09-02 Mohammad A. H. S. H. Abdullah Wall building system and method
US20140250819A1 (en) * 2013-03-11 2014-09-11 Mohammad A. H. S. H. Abdullah Wall building system and method
US10899049B2 (en) 2013-06-21 2021-01-26 Pavestone, LLC Adjustable locator retaining wall block and mold apparatus
US9701046B2 (en) 2013-06-21 2017-07-11 Pavestone, LLC Method and apparatus for dry cast facing concrete deposition
US10583588B2 (en) 2013-06-21 2020-03-10 Pavestone, LLC Manufactured retaining wall block with improved false joint
US11034062B2 (en) 2013-06-21 2021-06-15 Pavestone, LLC Manufactured retaining wall block with improved false joint
US11554521B2 (en) 2013-06-21 2023-01-17 Pavestone, LLC Adjustable locator retaining wall block and mold apparatus
US11801622B2 (en) 2013-06-21 2023-10-31 Pavestone, LLC Manufactured retaining wall block with improved false joint
USD773693S1 (en) 2014-05-07 2016-12-06 Pavestone, LLC Front face of a retaining wall block
USD791346S1 (en) 2015-10-21 2017-07-04 Pavestone, LLC Interlocking paver
USD887024S1 (en) 2015-10-21 2020-06-09 Pavestone, LLC Interlocking paver

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