US20050070189A1 - Textile Laminate For Thermal Insulation - Google Patents

Textile Laminate For Thermal Insulation Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050070189A1
US20050070189A1 US10/494,798 US49479804A US2005070189A1 US 20050070189 A1 US20050070189 A1 US 20050070189A1 US 49479804 A US49479804 A US 49479804A US 2005070189 A1 US2005070189 A1 US 2005070189A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
yarns
walls
laminate according
textile
link
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/494,798
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English (en)
Inventor
Laurent Thiriot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kermel SNC
Original Assignee
Kermel SNC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kermel SNC filed Critical Kermel SNC
Assigned to KERMEL reassignment KERMEL ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: THIRIOT, LAURENT
Publication of US20050070189A1 publication Critical patent/US20050070189A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/06—Thermally protective, e.g. insulating
    • A41D31/065—Thermally protective, e.g. insulating using layered materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
    • Y10T442/3187—Triaxially woven fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3976—Including strand which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous composition, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/45—Knit fabric is characterized by a particular or differential knit pattern other than open knit fabric or a fabric in which the strand denier is specified
    • Y10T442/456—Including additional strand inserted within knit fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/488—Including an additional knit fabric layer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of textile articles that can be used as thermal insulators, in particular for making textile laminates for providing protection against risks associated with fire.
  • the textile laminate of the invention is applicable in all circumstances when extreme conditions are present, e.g. during a fire, and more generally when it is necessary to provide protection against a high temperature source.
  • textile laminates have been proposed that incorporate thermal insulation constituted by a three-dimensional knit, as taught by European patent No. 0 443 991, or by a felt suitable for holding air captive, as taught by European patent No. 0 364 370.
  • the thermal insulation that results from the captive air provides considerable protection against heat flux.
  • the thermal insulation is made in that way (three-dimensional knit or felt), the feel and the appearance of the garment are not satisfactory.
  • the garment is often considered as being unhygienic, disagreeable to wear, and ugly, which means that the resulting textile laminate must be associated with lining for cleanliness purposes. Such a solution nevertheless tends to make the laminate even heavier and complicates the preparation thereof.
  • the laminate comprises two layers that are completely independent of each other and that are disposed in two parallel planes so as to define a space for positioning a shape memory material. Under the effect of heat, the shape memory material causes the space between the two layers to vary. That solution therefore requires special means for its implementation and gives rise to a surfaces that is lacking in flexibility.
  • the problem which the invention seeks to solve is that of creating a thermal barrier that enables moderate insulation to be obtained in normal situations, corresponding to small thickness so as to obtain greater comfort in use, and to obtain greater insulation automatically and locally in places where heat is greatest in emergency situations.
  • a textile laminate has been devised and developed for providing thermal insulation, in particular for making protecting garments, the laminate presenting a woven or knitted structure and having at least two walls linked in spaced-apart manner by a plurality of yarns which tend naturally to lie flat, so that while in this position the spacing is small and shorter than the length of the link yarns.
  • At least one of the walls, and in particular the wall that is to be subjected to heat, is suitable for shrinking under the effect of heat so as cause the link yarns to stand up, thereby increasing the spacing between said walls, which walls are made in full or in part so as to be temperature stable.
  • the link yarns are woven or knitted in part in both of the layers.
  • each wall or layer is the result of interlacing warp yarns and weft yarns, the link yarns extending in the warp direction, and said yarns being folded down in the weft direction.
  • link yarn that is made of para-aramid material, it is possible firstly to obtain good toughness and secondly to obtain sufficient compression strength when the thermal barrier has been partially carbonized, given the temperature stability characteristics of the link yarn.
  • the warp and the weft yarns of each wall are selected from yarns of the polyamide-imide family of the type known under the trademark “Kermel”, on their own or mixed with other fibers.
  • Each wall presents the same yarn density, or else the walls may present different yarn densities.
  • the laminate as defined, may be combined with an outer sheet of fireproofing material and a waterproof and breathing membrane together with a substrate.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing a multilayer laminate of the type that is well known and is in use at present for making garments for personnel needing to act under dangerous conditions, and in particular garments for firefighters;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the textile laminate of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a purely diagrammatic perspective view showing the textile laminate while it is subjected to a temperature that is considered as being normal; in this position, the link yarns are lying down;
  • FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 , showing the shrinkage of one of the walls under the effect of a large amount of heat, causing the link yarns to stand up, thereby increasing the thickness of the laminate;
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the response of the laminate during a rise in temperature due to radiant heat.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the response of the laminate during a rise in temperature due to convective heat.
  • the principle of the textile laminate of the invention is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 of the drawings.
  • the laminate presents a woven or knitted structure having two walls or layers (P 1 and P 2 ) linked together in spaced-apart manner by a plurality of yarns (F).
  • the link yarns (F) are woven or knitted in part in both of the layers.
  • the link yarns (F) have a natural tendency to lie down on their side, so that the thickness (e) of the laminate between the two layers (P 1 and P 2 ) is smaller than the length of the link yarns.
  • the link yarns stand up that will lead to a corresponding increase in the size of the space (e).
  • At least one of the walls, and in particular the wall (P 1 ) that is to be subjected to high levels of heat, is suitable for shrinking under the effect of said heat.
  • said layer can shrink, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4 , thus having the effect of causing the link yarns (F) to stand up and leading to an increase in the thickness (e) as the temperature rises. This leads naturally to an increase in the insulating ability of such a laminate.
  • each wall or layer (P 1 and P 2 ) results from interlacing warp yarns and weft yarns.
  • the link yarns (F) are disposed in the warp direction, such that when they lie down they lie down in the weft direction.
  • the way in which this type of laminate can be made by weaving or by knitting yarns is well known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the link yarns (F) are made of a para-amide that is known for its very good temperature stability, thus making it possible firstly to obtain good toughness and secondly to obtain sufficient compression strength when the thermal barrier is partially carbonized.
  • At least one of the walls is woven or knitted from yarns comprising temperature-stable yarns.
  • each wall (P 1 and P 2 ) are advantageously selected from yarns of the pure or mixed meta-aramid family of the type known under the trademark “Kermel” (Rhodia) or “Nomex” (Du Pont), or “Conex” (Teijin).
  • the wall (P 1 ) is made out of warp and weft yarns (C 1 and T 1 ) that are made of heat-shrink material.
  • the weft yarn (T 1 ) is a heat-shrink yarn.
  • the wall (P 2 ) is made of warp and weft yarns (C 2 , T 2 ).
  • the link yarns (F) are advantageously constituted by a warp yarn interconnecting weft yarns (T 1 and T 2 ) in both of the walls (P 1 and P 2 ).
  • the weaving or knitting in both walls may present the same yarn density.
  • each wall may different yarn density.
  • the denser weaving or knitting may constitute the wall that is to face towards the user, in which case it advantageously acts as a lining.
  • the temperature-stable yarns used may be made of a natural or artificial synthetic material, or of a mixture.
  • yarns are used that are based on meta-aramid, e.g. on metaphenylene isophthalamide or on polyamide-imide, possibly in combination with fireproofed viscose. It is also possible to use yarns based on a mixture of modacrylic fibers and fireproofed cotton.
  • the length of the spacing yarn between the walls (P 1 and P 2 ) defines the space (e) between said walls, and consequently the thickness of the cushion of air that is constituted in this way to provide thermal insulation.
  • the length of the link yarn (F) preferably lies in the range 1 millimeter (mm) to 10 mm, approximately.
  • the spacing yarn is advantageously a yarn based on para-aramid such as paraphenylene terephthalamide, e.g. “Kevlar” from Du Pont, “Twaron” or “Technora” from Teijin.
  • the textile laminate as defined by the characteristics of the invention can be used on its own or in combination with other sheets of yarns or fibers for constituting a multilayer article of the type that is known to the person skilled in the art ( FIG. 1 ).
  • the laminate as defined can be combined with a sheet constituted by a fireproofed textile and a sheet constituted by a membrane.
  • the membrane is preferably disposed between the fireproofed textile and the thermally insulating textile laminate of the invention.
  • the fireproofed textile is intended to constitute the face or wall that does not come into contact with the user.
  • the fireproofed textile is preferably constituted by a fabric based on fibers or yarns of metaphenylene isophthalamide or of polyamide-imide, optionally together with yarns or fibers of paraphenylene terephthalamide, and/or antistatic yarns or fibers or some other para-aramid or fibers or yarns of the polyparaphenylene-2,6-benzobisozole (PBO) or the polybensimidazole (PBI) type.
  • PBO polyparaphenylene-2,6-benzobisozole
  • PBI polybensimidazole
  • the membrane may be constituted by a microporous or hyphophilic film, e.g. based on polytetrafluoroethylene, on fireproofed polyurethane, or on polyester.
  • This membrane may be free in the laminate or it may be associated, for example, by being backed onto a textile support, such as a woven or non-woven fabric based on meta-aramid or on polyamide-imide fibers.
  • the membrane may be made of any material that is liable to shrink under the effect of heat, such as microporous polyurethane, hyphophilic polyurethane, hyphophilic polyester, . . .
  • the laminate of the invention in combination with a fireproofed textile and a membrane can be applied particularly advantageously in making garments for providing protection against the risks associated with fire, e.g. a jacket for a firefighter.
  • the weight per unit area of the article is about 240 grams per square meter (g/m 2 ) and the spacing between the walls (P 1 and P 2 ) is about 2 mm in the normal position (links lying down).
  • the “escape time” type values i.e. the difference between the theoretical burn times (t 2 or HTI 24) and the theoretical pain times (t 1 or HTI 12) are greater than the general average observed for laminates at this level.
  • the “escape time” type values i.e. the difference between the theoretical burn times (t 2 or HTI 24) and the theoretical pain times (t 1 or HTI 12) are greater than the general average observed for laminates at this level.
  • the laminate obtained presents excellent breathability, excellent visual appearance, and excellent thermal protection.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US10/494,798 2001-11-07 2002-11-07 Textile Laminate For Thermal Insulation Abandoned US20050070189A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0114573A FR2831772B1 (fr) 2001-11-07 2001-11-07 Complexe textile pour isolation thermique
FR01/14573 2001-11-07
PCT/FR2002/003804 WO2003039281A1 (fr) 2001-11-07 2002-11-07 Complexe textile pour isolation thermique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20050070189A1 true US20050070189A1 (en) 2005-03-31

Family

ID=8869281

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/494,798 Abandoned US20050070189A1 (en) 2001-11-07 2002-11-07 Textile Laminate For Thermal Insulation

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US20050070189A1 (no)
EP (1) EP1441613B1 (no)
JP (1) JP4319912B2 (no)
CN (1) CN1578633A (no)
AT (1) ATE348541T1 (no)
AU (1) AU2002361312B2 (no)
BR (1) BR0214063B1 (no)
CA (1) CA2464718C (no)
DE (1) DE60216957T2 (no)
DK (1) DK1441613T3 (no)
ES (1) ES2279000T3 (no)
FR (1) FR2831772B1 (no)
HU (1) HUP0402008A2 (no)
NO (1) NO20041864L (no)
NZ (1) NZ532393A (no)
PT (1) PT1441613E (no)
WO (1) WO2003039281A1 (no)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060046022A1 (en) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-02 Yves Bader Thermally-resistant composite fabric sheet
US20090209155A1 (en) * 2008-02-15 2009-08-20 Chapman Thermal Products, Inc. Layered thermally-insulating fabric with thin heat reflective and heat distributing core
US20090258180A1 (en) * 2008-02-15 2009-10-15 Chapman Thermal Products, Inc. Layered thermally-insulating fabric with an insulating core
WO2010107376A1 (en) * 2009-03-16 2010-09-23 Siw Eriksson Multiple layer fabric
EP3543388A1 (de) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-25 IBENA Textilwerke GmbH Hitzeschutzbekleidung und verwendung eines warenwechsel-gewebes
CN110938933A (zh) * 2019-12-27 2020-03-31 无锡太平针织有限公司 具有形状记忆功能的纤维制品及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1481599A3 (en) * 2004-08-04 2005-03-09 Ursuk Oy Moisture managing undergarment
US9732446B2 (en) 2013-11-04 2017-08-15 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Heat resistant outershell fabric
US10391740B2 (en) 2015-02-19 2019-08-27 Nike, Inc. Adaptive material article system
CN105774062B (zh) * 2016-03-18 2018-01-23 上海特安纶纤维有限公司 一种高隔热性防护服面料及防护服及其制备方法
JP6873683B2 (ja) * 2016-12-16 2021-05-19 帝人株式会社 三層構造織編物および繊維製品

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4067769A (en) * 1972-09-05 1978-01-10 Kanebo, Ltd. Heat resistant and flame resistant papers
US4748065A (en) * 1986-08-13 1988-05-31 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Spunlaced nonwoven protective fabric
US5413837A (en) * 1992-06-30 1995-05-09 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Three-dimensional knit fabric
US20020157429A1 (en) * 1999-12-16 2002-10-31 Koichi Matsumoto Three-dimensional marquisette style knitted fabric
US6699802B1 (en) * 1999-04-28 2004-03-02 A W Hainsworth & Sons Ltd. Fire resistant textile material
US6955193B2 (en) * 2000-09-07 2005-10-18 A W Hainsworth & Sons Ltd. Fire resistant textile material

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2234705B (en) * 1989-07-20 1993-02-10 Secr Defence Variable insulation pile fabrics
GB2312644B (en) * 1996-05-02 2000-07-26 Secr Defence Brit Thermally insulating textile
AU8678398A (en) * 1997-08-01 1999-02-22 Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. Adaptive thermal insulation material
DE20000258U1 (de) * 2000-01-07 2000-09-07 Beltex Gmbh Schutztextilien gegen Hitze
FR2811520B1 (fr) * 2000-07-13 2002-12-13 Europrotect France Tissu de protection thermique

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4067769A (en) * 1972-09-05 1978-01-10 Kanebo, Ltd. Heat resistant and flame resistant papers
US4748065A (en) * 1986-08-13 1988-05-31 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Spunlaced nonwoven protective fabric
US5413837A (en) * 1992-06-30 1995-05-09 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Three-dimensional knit fabric
US6699802B1 (en) * 1999-04-28 2004-03-02 A W Hainsworth & Sons Ltd. Fire resistant textile material
US20020157429A1 (en) * 1999-12-16 2002-10-31 Koichi Matsumoto Three-dimensional marquisette style knitted fabric
US6955193B2 (en) * 2000-09-07 2005-10-18 A W Hainsworth & Sons Ltd. Fire resistant textile material

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060046022A1 (en) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-02 Yves Bader Thermally-resistant composite fabric sheet
US20090209155A1 (en) * 2008-02-15 2009-08-20 Chapman Thermal Products, Inc. Layered thermally-insulating fabric with thin heat reflective and heat distributing core
US20090258180A1 (en) * 2008-02-15 2009-10-15 Chapman Thermal Products, Inc. Layered thermally-insulating fabric with an insulating core
WO2010107376A1 (en) * 2009-03-16 2010-09-23 Siw Eriksson Multiple layer fabric
EP3543388A1 (de) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-25 IBENA Textilwerke GmbH Hitzeschutzbekleidung und verwendung eines warenwechsel-gewebes
CN110938933A (zh) * 2019-12-27 2020-03-31 无锡太平针织有限公司 具有形状记忆功能的纤维制品及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002361312B2 (en) 2007-08-02
NO20041864D0 (no) 2004-05-06
DE60216957T2 (de) 2007-10-18
DE60216957D1 (de) 2007-02-01
CN1578633A (zh) 2005-02-09
NO20041864L (no) 2004-06-07
NZ532393A (en) 2005-10-28
FR2831772B1 (fr) 2004-07-02
HUP0402008A2 (en) 2008-09-29
DK1441613T3 (da) 2007-04-10
CA2464718A1 (fr) 2003-05-15
JP2005507469A (ja) 2005-03-17
CA2464718C (fr) 2010-04-20
BR0214063A (pt) 2004-10-13
BR0214063B1 (pt) 2012-11-27
EP1441613A1 (fr) 2004-08-04
JP4319912B2 (ja) 2009-08-26
FR2831772A1 (fr) 2003-05-09
ES2279000T3 (es) 2007-08-16
PT1441613E (pt) 2007-03-30
ATE348541T1 (de) 2007-01-15
EP1441613B1 (fr) 2006-12-20
WO2003039281A1 (fr) 2003-05-15

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AS Assignment

Owner name: KERMEL, FRANCE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:THIRIOT, LAURENT;REEL/FRAME:016065/0398

Effective date: 20040514

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION