US20040241411A1 - Layer electrode for electro-chemical components and electrochemical double layer capacitor having said layer electrode - Google Patents

Layer electrode for electro-chemical components and electrochemical double layer capacitor having said layer electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040241411A1
US20040241411A1 US10/472,742 US47274204A US2004241411A1 US 20040241411 A1 US20040241411 A1 US 20040241411A1 US 47274204 A US47274204 A US 47274204A US 2004241411 A1 US2004241411 A1 US 2004241411A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
layer
layer electrode
fibers
electrode according
another
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US10/472,742
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English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Scholz
Christoph Weber
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TDK Electronics AG
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Epcos AG
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Filing date
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Assigned to EPCOS AG reassignment EPCOS AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WEBER, CHRISTOPH, SCHOLZ, THOMAS
Publication of US20040241411A1 publication Critical patent/US20040241411A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H01G11/40—Fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H01G11/44—Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
    • H01M4/806—Nonwoven fibrous fabric containing only fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
    • H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/72—Grids
    • H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a layer electrode for electrochemical components with a plurality of fibers. Moreover, the invention concerns a capacitor with the layer electrode.
  • Electrochemical double-layer capacitors are known from the printer specification EP 0 786 142 E1 whose electrodes are activated carbon fabrics.
  • the known fabrics comprise threads woven crosswise with one another. The weaving of the fabrics is an expensive process, whereby these fabrics are elaborate with regard to the production.
  • the known carbon fabrics have the disadvantage that they exhibit a relatively large thickness between 250 ⁇ m and 600 ⁇ m. Given fixed capacitor volume, only a small number of electrode layers can be introduced into the capacitor volume. With this number of the electrode layers, surface available for the contacting of the carbon cloths to the Al charge eliminators is slight, because of which the known capacitors exhibit a relatively high ohmic resistance.
  • the production of the cloths from thread interwoven together has the disadvantage that the density of carbon is relatively low due to the voids ensuing in the interweaving, whereby the volume-related capacity of a capacitor produced from the cloths is relatively low.
  • the invention specifies a layer electrode for electrochemical components that comprise a plurality of fibers that all run at least in sections in parallel in a preferred direction, and in which the fibers are connected with one another via bonding.
  • the inventive layer electrode has the advantage that, due to the fibers running in parallel in a single preferred direction, the interweave of fibers or threads can be abandoned.
  • the inventive layer electrode can thereby be cost-effectively produced.
  • the fibers are connected with one another via bonding, the superimposition and interweaving with one another of the fibers to produce the cohesion of the elements of the layer electrode is no longer necessary, whereby it is possible to realize substantially smaller layer thicknesses for the layer electrode, namely layer thicknesses between 10 and 500 ⁇ m.
  • the fibers can be activated carbon fibers that exist as lines (also known in English as “tow”).
  • the number of layer electrodes that can be introduced into a capacitor in a predetermined capacitor volume increases. Since the area of the layer electrode available for contacting is predetermined by the area of the layer thickness, and since the entirety of the contact resistances for a capacitor can be represented by a parallel circuiting of individual contact resistances that respectively represent individual layer electrode [sic], the contact resistance, and with it the ohmic loss of a capacitor, decreases with increasing number of layer electrodes.
  • the bonding of the fibers among one another can, for example, be generated in that a line of fibers is pierced by needles with barbs transverse to the fiber direction. After removing such needles, some fiber sections run variant to the preferred direction and are interlocked with one another. The mechanical cohesion within the layer electrode is thereby produced. However, the proportion of the fibers comprising fiber sections variant to the preferred direction is maximally 20%, such that the fiber line clearly differentiates itself from a non-woven material where the individual fibers exhibit no preferred direction at all.
  • a number of fibers can be stranded with one another and thus form a thread.
  • This exemplary embodiment of the invention has the advantage that the mechanical cohesion transverse to the preferred direction is improved in comparison to the non-stranded fibers.
  • the inventive embodiment of the layer electrode has the advantage that it enables an increased material density in comparison to fibers interwoven with one another, whereby electrochemical double-layer capacitors produced with the layer electrode an exhibit an increased capacity.
  • a further possibility to produce the mechanical cohesion of the layer electrode is to sew up the fibers with one another transverse to the fiber direction by means of a sewing thread.
  • Synthetics that are converted into carbon fibers via pyrolysis (also known as carbonization) as well as subsequent activation of the surface, are preferably used as fibers.
  • the sewing up of the fibers with a sewing thread can either ensue before the pyrolysis and the activation of the synthetic raw material or, however, also first after the activation.
  • materials for the sewing thread all materials are suitable that do not degrade the electrical properties of the electrochemical component.
  • the electrochemical component is an electrochemical double-layer capacitor, for example polypropylene, polyethylene, or also Teflon are to be considered as sewing threads.
  • sewing threads with a thickness between 10 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m are preferably used.
  • the sewing threads can comprise an individual fiber or also a thread.
  • the cohesion of the fibers within the layer electrode can also be imparted in that a material acting as the bonding between the fibers is applied in places on the surface of the layer electrode.
  • the material imparting the bonding between the fibers can likewise be introduced in places into the layer electrode.
  • All materials are suitable for this that do not degrade the electrical properties of the electrochemical component.
  • materials are suitable that are inert with regard to the electrolytes uses in electrochemical double-layer capacitors.
  • To stabilize the layer electrode therefore considered are, for example, carbon as a material placed or, respectively, deposited in the layer electrode or on its surface by means of chemical vapor deposition.
  • further materials in particular metals such as, for example, aluminum or copper can also be brought [sic] on or in the layer electrode.
  • the cohesion of the fibers in the layer electrode is generated or, respectively, produced via polymer additives.
  • Possible polymer additives are, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylfluoride, and tetrafluoropolyethylene.
  • the polymer additivesa are preferably supplemented with a weight proportion between 2 and 20% dependent on the carbon content of the layer electrode.
  • Metal such as for example aluminum or copper
  • flame spraying, arc spraying, or vapor deposition can also be brought on or in the electrode via flame spraying, arc spraying, or vapor deposition.
  • synthetics that comprise C 6 rings can be used with particular advantage. These synthetics can be pyrolized via heating under exclusion of air or, respectively, in an atmosphere with low oxygen content, such that they almost completely convert to carbon. This event is also known as carbonization. Subsequent to the carbonization of the fibers, the surface of the fibers can be activated via etching processes. The etching can ensue via gas treatment, for example by means of CO 2 or H 2 O, as well as chemically or electrochemically. By activating the fibers, the surfaces of the fibers are greatly increased. For example, a specific surface of 3000 m 2 /g can be generated from a specific surface of 100 m 2 /g.
  • phenol aldehyde fibers cellulose fibers, pitch, polyvinyl alcohol and its derivatives, or also polyacrylnitrile can be used.
  • the layer electrode comprises a single fiber layer. The thinnest layer electrode possible given fiber strength can thereby then be produced.
  • the invention specifies an electrochemical capacitor that comprises a capacitor winding with two inventive layer electrodes.
  • the layer electrodes are impregnated with a fluid containing ions and separated from one another with a separation layer.
  • the separation layer electrically isolates the layer electrodes from one another and is permeable for the ions of the fluid.
  • Each of the layer electrodes is connected with a contacting layer that enables the electrical contacting of the layer electrodes over an external connection of the capacitor.
  • the capacitor winding can thereby in particular be guided as a layer stack of electrode layer pairs one above the other.
  • the contacting layers can comprise lugs that are led through one side of the layer stack from this and are contacted with an external connection of the capacitor.
  • FIG. 1 shows, for example, an inventive layer electrode in perspective view
  • FIG. 2 shows, for example, a first embodiment of the mechanical stabilization of a layer electrode in a schematic cross section.
  • FIG. 3 shows, for example, a further embodiment of the mechanical stabilization of a layer electrode in a schematic cross section.
  • FIG. 4 shows an inventive layer electrode on whose surface is applied a material imparting the bonding between the fibers, in schematic cross section.
  • FIG. 5 shows, for example, a capacitor winding of a capacitor in schematic cross section.
  • FIG. 1 shows an inventive layer electrode with fibers 1 running in a preferred direction. The preferred direction is indicated with the arrow. Each fiber 1 is thereby arranged in direct contact with an adjacent fiber 1 , which is particularly advantageous for the material density.
  • FIG. 2 shows the cohesion between fibers 1 as it is produced via fiber sections 2 running variant to the preferred direction (indicated by an arrow) that are interlocking. The fibers 1 are thereby stranded into a thread 5 .
  • FIG. 3 shows fibers 1 of a thickness D that are adjacent in a single layer and are sewn up with one another by a sewing thread 3 .
  • the sewing thread 3 can be substantially thinner than the fibers 1 , whereby no significant increase in the layer thickness results for the layer electrode due to the sewing up of the fibers 1 . It is to be noted that the separation between the fibers is shown enlarged for the purpose of the of the explanation of the sewing up.
  • FIG. 4 shows a layer electrode 6 that is produced from a line of adjacent fibers 1 according to FIG. 1 via sporadic vapor deposition of an aluminum metal on the surface, which forms a material 4 that imparts the bonding between the fibers 1 .
  • the vapor deposition may only ensue in places since otherwise the fibers would exhibit a too-small free (and therewith active) surface.
  • the layer thickness d of the layer electrode 6 is 50 ⁇ m in the example according to FIG. 4. Fibers 1 with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m were thereby used.
  • FIG. 5 shows the part of a layer winding of an electrochemical double-layer capacitor with layer electrodes 6 that are separated from one another by a separation layer 7 .
  • the layer electrodes 6 are impregnated with an electrolyte.
  • the isolated separation layer 7 is permeable for the ions of the electrolyte containing ions.
  • the electrode layers 6 can be laterally electrically contacted by means of the contacting layer 8 , in particular by means of the contact lugs 9 of which protruding from the layer electrodes 6 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
US10/472,742 2001-03-23 2002-02-12 Layer electrode for electro-chemical components and electrochemical double layer capacitor having said layer electrode Abandoned US20040241411A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10114107.6 2001-03-23
DE2001114107 DE10114107A1 (de) 2001-03-23 2001-03-23 Schichtelektrode für elektrochemische Bauelemente und elektrochemischer Doppelschichtkondensator mit der Schichtelektrode
PCT/DE2002/000507 WO2002078023A2 (de) 2001-03-23 2002-02-12 Schichtelektrode für elektrochemische bauelemente und elektrochemischer doppelschichtkondensator mit der schichtelektrode

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040241411A1 true US20040241411A1 (en) 2004-12-02

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US10/472,742 Abandoned US20040241411A1 (en) 2001-03-23 2002-02-12 Layer electrode for electro-chemical components and electrochemical double layer capacitor having said layer electrode

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20040241411A1 (https=)
EP (1) EP1370488A2 (https=)
JP (1) JP2004527118A (https=)
CN (1) CN1610647A (https=)
AU (1) AU2002242628A1 (https=)
DE (1) DE10114107A1 (https=)
WO (1) WO2002078023A2 (https=)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110676476A (zh) * 2018-07-03 2020-01-10 株式会社Cnf 薄型氧化还原液流电池电极的制备方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10351899B4 (de) * 2003-11-06 2005-11-17 Epcos Ag Elektrolytlösung und elektrochemischer Doppelschichtkondensator mit der Elektrolytlösung
DE102005032513B4 (de) * 2005-07-12 2011-12-22 Epcos Ag Schichtelektrode für elektrochemische Doppelschichtkondensatoren, Herstellungsverfahren und elektrochemischer Doppelschichtkondensator
CN110993345B (zh) * 2019-12-26 2021-03-23 重庆大学 一种单根纤维电容器及其制造方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3790393A (en) * 1969-07-31 1974-02-05 Beckwith Carbon Corp Carbonaceous bodies
US4488203A (en) * 1979-02-09 1984-12-11 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electrochemical double-layer capacitor and film enclosure
US4597028A (en) * 1983-08-08 1986-06-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electric double layer capacitor and method for producing the same
US5682288A (en) * 1994-11-02 1997-10-28 Japan Gore-Tex, Inc. Electric double-layer capacitor and method for making the same
US6059847A (en) * 1994-10-07 2000-05-09 Maxwell Energy Products, Inc. Method of making a high performance ultracapacitor

Family Cites Families (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2593231B2 (ja) * 1990-04-18 1997-03-26 株式会社日本ワックスポリマー開発研究所 固体蝋からの溶剤抽出による蝋の分離方法
US6233135B1 (en) * 1994-10-07 2001-05-15 Maxwell Energy Products, Inc. Multi-electrode double layer capacitor having single electrolyte seal and aluminum-impregnated carbon cloth electrodes
WO1996041745A1 (en) * 1995-06-09 1996-12-27 Zvi Horovitz High bulk density, parallel carbon fibers
DE19612223C2 (de) * 1995-10-28 1998-07-02 Thomas Hahn Bewässerungsventil
JPH10321482A (ja) * 1997-05-22 1998-12-04 Casio Comput Co Ltd 電気二重層コンデンサ

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3790393A (en) * 1969-07-31 1974-02-05 Beckwith Carbon Corp Carbonaceous bodies
US4488203A (en) * 1979-02-09 1984-12-11 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electrochemical double-layer capacitor and film enclosure
US4597028A (en) * 1983-08-08 1986-06-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electric double layer capacitor and method for producing the same
US6059847A (en) * 1994-10-07 2000-05-09 Maxwell Energy Products, Inc. Method of making a high performance ultracapacitor
US5682288A (en) * 1994-11-02 1997-10-28 Japan Gore-Tex, Inc. Electric double-layer capacitor and method for making the same

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110676476A (zh) * 2018-07-03 2020-01-10 株式会社Cnf 薄型氧化还原液流电池电极的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2002078023A2 (de) 2002-10-03
CN1610647A (zh) 2005-04-27
EP1370488A2 (de) 2003-12-17
WO2002078023A3 (de) 2002-12-27
AU2002242628A1 (en) 2002-10-08
JP2004527118A (ja) 2004-09-02
DE10114107A1 (de) 2002-10-02

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