US20040039973A1 - Data communication method - Google Patents

Data communication method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040039973A1
US20040039973A1 US10/276,386 US27638602A US2004039973A1 US 20040039973 A1 US20040039973 A1 US 20040039973A1 US 27638602 A US27638602 A US 27638602A US 2004039973 A1 US2004039973 A1 US 2004039973A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
flag
data communications
communications environment
predetermined condition
bits
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US10/276,386
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English (en)
Inventor
Stephen Bub
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Pacific Solar Pty Ltd
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Individual
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Filing date
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Assigned to PACIFIC SOLAR SUB 1 PTY LTD, CLEANSUN PTY LTD, WBC NO. 4 PTY LTD reassignment PACIFIC SOLAR SUB 1 PTY LTD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BUB, STEPHEN LEONARD
Publication of US20040039973A1 publication Critical patent/US20040039973A1/en
Assigned to PACIFIC SOLAR PTY LIMITED reassignment PACIFIC SOLAR PTY LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CLEANSUN PTY LTD, PACIFIC SOLAR SUB 1 PTY LTD, WBC NO. 4 PTY LTD
Assigned to ARMSON NOMINEES PTY LIMITED reassignment ARMSON NOMINEES PTY LIMITED LICENSE AGREEMENT Assignors: ARMSON NOMINEES PTY LIMITED, PACIFIC SOLAR PTY LIMITED
Assigned to PACIFIC SOLAR PTY LIMITED reassignment PACIFIC SOLAR PTY LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CLEANSUN PTY LTD., PACIFIC SOLAR SUB 1 PTY LTD., WBC NO. 4 PTY LTD.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/10—Current supply arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H04B3/56—Circuits for coupling, blocking, or by-passing of signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/403—Bus networks with centralised control, e.g. polling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
    • H04B2203/5412—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines by modofying wave form of the power source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
    • H04B2203/5483—Systems for power line communications using coupling circuits
    • H04B2203/5487—Systems for power line communications using coupling circuits cables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to data communications, and in particular to a preamble or flag, and a method of providing a preamble or flag, for use in data communications.
  • a receiver In data transmission systems, there is a need for a receiver to be able to detect when an incoming signal is arriving. Some transmission schemes may use a single start bit, while other schemes may use a longer preamble. In some transmission schemes, flags may be passed from a transmitter to a receiver for other purposes. These schemes can be susceptible to noise, which for example may be present on the transmission medium over which the signal is passing, which may corrupt the start bit, preamble or flag.
  • the present invention provides a flag for indicating a predetermined condition in a data communications environment, the flag comprising a binary signal having the property that self correlation of the flag provides an outcome equal to a bit length of the flag and of a first polarity when aligned, and an outcome of zero or of an opposite polarity at any unaligned position.
  • the present invention provides a method of indicating a predetermined condition in a data communications environment, comprising the step of transmitting a flag having the property that self correlation of the flag provides an outcome equal to a bit length of the flag and of a first polarity when aligned, and an outcome of zero or of an opposite polarity at any unaligned position.
  • the present invention provides a method of detecting a predetermined condition in a data communications environment, comprising the step of self correlating a flag of an incoming signal and determining that the predetermined condition exists when an outcome of the self correlation is equal to or exceeds a threshold which has a magnitude which is a significant proportion of an expected symbol amplitude multiplied by a bit length of the flag, and is of a first polarity, after all preceding outcomes of the self correlation calculated at unaligned positions have been substantially zero or of an opposite polarity.
  • the only 7 bit binary sequences which possess this property are 13, 39, 88 and 114 (in decimal); ie 0001101, 0100111, 1011000 and 1110010 (in binary).
  • the 2 bit and 3 bit sequences to possess this property are 01, 10, 001, 011, 100 and 110.
  • each zero in the bit sequence is considered to be a ⁇ 1, hence the outcome of correlation results of negative polarity.
  • the use of NRZ encoded signals may be appropriate in this regard.
  • each of the above bit sequences when represented in binary can be seen to be the one's complement of one of the other sequences of equal length.
  • the subset of 11 bit sequences which possesses this property consists of 237, 583, 1464 and 1810 (in decimal). It will be appreciated that for such sequences, the self correlation will produce an outcome of zero or less for 10 successive bits, until at an aligned position the outcome will be 11, thereby providing a distinctive pattern which can be easily recognised by receivers or the like. Even if the distinctive pattern is somewhat corrupted due to the presence of noise in the received bit sequence, use of an appropriate threshold decision making circuit may still enable a correct determination as to whether or not the bit sequence has been received.
  • each transmitter may use a different symbol amplitude.
  • use of a preamble or flag in accordance with the present invention ensures that, disregarding significant noise, there are no unaligned self-correlation results which are non-zero and positive.
  • the self-correlation will not exceed the threshold at unaligned positions, as all unaligned self-correlation outcomes are either zero or of an opposite polarity to the threshold.
  • the predetermined condition to be indicated by the flag may be commencement of a transmission, conclusion of a transmission, data packet information, or other type of condition.
  • flag used in the preceding description encompasses preambles, postambles, mid-packet flags and the like.
  • the data communications environment may comprise communication of digital signals in a digital medium, or may comprise communication of digital signals in an analogue medium. It is anticipated that the present invention will be of particular use where the data communications environment comprises communication of digital signals in an analogue medium, such as is used for AC power line communications, wireless data communications, and other analogue carrier environments. In such data communications environments, the signal to noise ratio may be relatively low in the analogue medium. Consequently, bits of the data being communicated may be somewhat or entirely corrupted by noise, and even when no signal is being transmitted, random noise in the medium may be interpreted as data by a demodulator or receiver. While schemes such as those using a single start bit may perform poorly in such environments, use of a flag in accordance with the present invention may provide improved performance.
  • the specific examples of flags provided herein in accordance with the present invention have, at most, only one more ‘1’ than ‘0’, or only one more ‘0’ than ‘1’. Accordingly, the use of such preambles reduces a receiver's sensitivity to offset errors. That is, while the aligned correlation result has a magnitude equal to the preamble length multiplied by the symbol amplitude, the correlation result offset error is only equal to the signal offset error for odd length preambles or is zero for even length preambles.
  • FIGS. 1 a and 1 b illustrate the use of a preamble in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention, in which a transmitter 60 communicates with a receiver 61 over a noisy channel 62 .
  • Transmitter 60 sends a message m(t) having a preamble 63 which is recognisable to the receiver 61 .
  • the preamble 63 has the property that self correlation of the preamble 63 at the receiver 61 provides an outcome equal to a bit length of the preamble and of a first polarity when aligned, and an outcome of zero or of an opposite polarity at any unaligned position.
  • receiver 61 correlates a received signal with the preamble 63 , which in the embodiment shown is a 7 bit sequence 0001101. Successive outcomes of the self correlation of the preamble 63 are ⁇ 1, 0, ⁇ 1, 0, ⁇ 1, 0, 7.
  • the outcomes produced during self correlation of the preamble give a distinctive indication of when the commencement of a transmission has been detected, not only through a significantly larger magnitude outcome, but that all previous outcomes of the self correlation are zero or of an opposite polarity.
  • a threshold which is a significant fraction of the expected maximum self correlation result may be used to determine whether or not the flag or preamble has been received. Therefore, while some corruption of the incoming data may lead to successive outcomes of the self correlation which differ from the ideal outcomes noted above, the large difference between the non-aligned self correlation outcomes and the aligned self correlation outcome means that it will take a very large amount of noise to cause a false determination of whether or not the flag has been received. Effectively, the signal to noise ratio of the incoming signal is reduced by the square root of the number of bits of the preamble.
  • the threshold should be low enough to enable detection of the lowest expected modulation level (symbol amplitude) of any incoming signal, but should be sufficiently large to reduce sensitivity to noise. This can be calculated using standard statistical techniques assuming a normal distribution.
  • the detection threshold T may be calculated to be:
  • T is the detection threshold
  • I total is the total AC current received from the power supply system
  • n is the number of AC power sources in the power supply system
  • I mod is the ratio of the normal or average current to the modulation current from each power source.
  • PS detrat is the power source detection ratio, to allow for detection of communications from power sources which are operating at only a fraction of the average power source power level.
  • the threshold should not be allowed to take a value below a certain level, to ensure that noise will not cause a false determination that a flag or preamble has been received.
  • the receiver may have the opportunity to compensate for any existing DC offset.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Dc Digital Transmission (AREA)
  • Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
US10/276,386 2000-07-07 2001-07-06 Data communication method Abandoned US20040039973A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPQ8659 2000-07-07
AUPQ8659A AUPQ865900A0 (en) 2000-07-07 2000-07-07 Power line communications method
PCT/AU2001/000817 WO2002005474A1 (fr) 2000-07-07 2001-07-06 Procede de communications de donnees

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040039973A1 true US20040039973A1 (en) 2004-02-26

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US10/276,386 Abandoned US20040039973A1 (en) 2000-07-07 2001-07-06 Data communication method
US10/332,003 Expired - Fee Related US6987444B2 (en) 2000-07-07 2001-07-06 Power line communications method

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/332,003 Expired - Fee Related US6987444B2 (en) 2000-07-07 2001-07-06 Power line communications method

Country Status (5)

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US (2) US20040039973A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004502397A (fr)
AU (1) AUPQ865900A0 (fr)
DE (1) DE10196411T1 (fr)
WO (2) WO2002005449A1 (fr)

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US6987444B2 (en) 2006-01-17
WO2002005449A1 (fr) 2002-01-17
US20030156013A1 (en) 2003-08-21
DE10196411T1 (de) 2003-05-22
JP2004502397A (ja) 2004-01-22
WO2002005474A1 (fr) 2002-01-17

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