US20040028551A1 - Methods for emitting volatile compositions - Google Patents

Methods for emitting volatile compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040028551A1
US20040028551A1 US10/417,462 US41746203A US2004028551A1 US 20040028551 A1 US20040028551 A1 US 20040028551A1 US 41746203 A US41746203 A US 41746203A US 2004028551 A1 US2004028551 A1 US 2004028551A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
volatile
period
emitted
volatile compositions
compositions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/417,462
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English (en)
Inventor
Frank Kvietok
Eileen St. Pierre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Procter and Gamble Co
Original Assignee
Procter and Gamble Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=33309509&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US20040028551(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from PCT/US2000/020499 external-priority patent/WO2002009779A1/en
Priority claimed from US09/730,261 external-priority patent/US20020068009A1/en
Priority claimed from US09/730,226 external-priority patent/US6581915B2/en
Priority claimed from US09/730,333 external-priority patent/US20020066798A1/en
Priority claimed from US09/904,019 external-priority patent/US20020068010A1/en
Application filed by Procter and Gamble Co filed Critical Procter and Gamble Co
Priority to US10/417,462 priority Critical patent/US20040028551A1/en
Publication of US20040028551A1 publication Critical patent/US20040028551A1/en
Priority to US10/820,284 priority patent/US20040265164A1/en
Priority to CN2004800099952A priority patent/CN1878574B/zh
Priority to PCT/US2004/011838 priority patent/WO2004093929A2/en
Priority to JP2006501275A priority patent/JP2006521834A/ja
Priority to PCT/US2004/011836 priority patent/WO2004093927A1/en
Priority to MXPA05011067A priority patent/MXPA05011067A/es
Priority to EP04750233A priority patent/EP1613361B1/en
Priority to MXPA05011069A priority patent/MXPA05011069A/es
Priority to ES06126788.6T priority patent/ES2541128T3/es
Priority to CA2636154A priority patent/CA2636154C/en
Priority to CN201410267063.3A priority patent/CN104307020B/zh
Priority to CN2004800100305A priority patent/CN1774269B/zh
Priority to ES04750233T priority patent/ES2293302T3/es
Priority to CN200810093058.XA priority patent/CN101264333B/zh
Priority to JP2006501277A priority patent/JP4590396B2/ja
Priority to EP06126779A priority patent/EP1762253A3/en
Priority to EP04750231A priority patent/EP1631323A1/en
Priority to EP06126792A priority patent/EP1762254A3/en
Priority to CA002522745A priority patent/CA2522745C/en
Priority to DE602004008443T priority patent/DE602004008443C5/de
Priority to EP06126788.6A priority patent/EP1767227B1/en
Priority to CA002522564A priority patent/CA2522564C/en
Priority to AT04750233T priority patent/ATE370753T1/de
Priority to EP07106264A priority patent/EP1842562A3/en
Assigned to PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY, THE reassignment PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY, THE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ST. PIERRE, EILEEN MARIE, KVIETOK, FRANK ANDREJ
Priority to US11/204,953 priority patent/US7223361B2/en
Priority to US12/269,856 priority patent/US8119064B2/en
Priority to US12/326,358 priority patent/USRE45038E1/en
Priority to JP2009114696A priority patent/JP5214531B2/ja
Priority to US13/363,454 priority patent/US8349251B2/en
Priority to US13/713,209 priority patent/US8721962B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
    • A01M1/2022—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide
    • A01M1/2027—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide without heating
    • A01M1/2038—Holders or dispensers for pressurized insecticide, e.g. pressurized vessels, cans
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
    • A01M1/2022—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide
    • A01M1/2027—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide without heating
    • A01M1/2033—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide without heating using a fan
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
    • A01M1/2022—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide
    • A01M1/2061—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide using a heat source
    • A01M1/2072—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide using a heat source combined with a fan
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
    • A01M1/2022—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide
    • A01M1/2061—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide using a heat source
    • A01M1/2077—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide using a heat source using an electrical resistance as heat source
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
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    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/02—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air by heating or combustion
    • A61L9/03—Apparatus therefor
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    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
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    • A61L9/02—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air by heating or combustion
    • A61L9/03—Apparatus therefor
    • A61L9/037—Apparatus therefor comprising a wick
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
    • A61L9/042—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating with the help of a macromolecular compound as a carrier or diluent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
    • A61L9/048—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating air treating gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
    • A61L9/12—Apparatus, e.g. holders, therefor
    • A61L9/122—Apparatus, e.g. holders, therefor comprising a fan
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
    • A61L9/12—Apparatus, e.g. holders, therefor
    • A61L9/125—Apparatus, e.g. holders, therefor emanating multiple odours
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
    • A61L9/12—Apparatus, e.g. holders, therefor
    • A61L9/127—Apparatus, e.g. holders, therefor comprising a wick
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/14—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using sprayed or atomised substances including air-liquid contact processes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/14—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using sprayed or atomised substances including air-liquid contact processes
    • A61L9/145—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using sprayed or atomised substances including air-liquid contact processes air-liquid contact processes, e.g. scrubbing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
    • B60H3/0007—Adding substances other than water to the air, e.g. perfume, oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
    • B60H3/0007—Adding substances other than water to the air, e.g. perfume, oxygen
    • B60H2003/0042—Adding substances other than water to the air, e.g. perfume, oxygen with ventilating means for adding the substances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
    • B60H3/0007—Adding substances other than water to the air, e.g. perfume, oxygen
    • B60H2003/005—Adding substances other than water to the air, e.g. perfume, oxygen with heating means for adding the substances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
    • B60H3/0007—Adding substances other than water to the air, e.g. perfume, oxygen
    • B60H2003/0064—Adding substances other than water to the air, e.g. perfume, oxygen adding more than one substance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and devices for emitting volatile compositions.
  • the invention relates to a method and devices for emitting two or more distinct volatile compositions.
  • the Whitby, et al. patent application discloses a method and device adapted to provide to a space, two or more fragrance compositions, at least one of which fragrance compositions is provided periodically.
  • the method and device may provide a continuous supply of a first fragrance composition and a periodic supply of a second fragrance composition.
  • the fragrance composition(s) may be vaporized by heating and may include deodorant and/or insecticidal compounds.
  • the fragrance compositions are preferably chosen such that the two fragrance compositions contrast with one another or have different notes.
  • the fragrance composition is generally pulsed from a device which includes a heater.
  • the periodic supply of heat to release the fragrance composition is controlled by providing the device, and particularly the heater, with a controller.
  • the controller is in the form of an electronic circuit.
  • the controller is arranged such that the heater runs for a short period of time, preferably from 15 seconds to 15 minutes with “appropriate intervals of time there between”.
  • the Whitby, et al. patent application appears to be directed primarily to maintaining or sustaining the olfactory impact of the fragrance composition being emitted continuously, rather than to providing to the user noticeable changes in fragrances.
  • the Whitby, et al. patent application mentions periodic supply of two or more fragrances, there is no specific teaching of emission patterns or programs dictating the supply of the different fragrances relative to each other so that the users actually experience distinct fragrances rather than one fragrance which is a blend of the two compositions.
  • the present invention relates to methods and devices for emitting volatile compositions.
  • the invention relates to a method and devices for emitting two or more fragrance compositions.
  • the method it may be desirable for those who either experience the emission of the fragrance composition(s), or who are in the presence of the device(s) emitting fragrance composition(s), to experience and/or perceive a pleasant scent all of the time. In other cases, this may not be all of the time, but all of the time that such persons wish to perceive a fragrance.
  • the method in which the method is used to emit two or more fragrance compositions, it may be desirable to maximize the perceptibility of each of two or more separate and distinct fragrance compositions. Thus, the method can do more than merely prevent habituation to a given fragrance composition.
  • the volatile compositions are alternately emitted during discrete emission periods that are greater than 15 minutes and less than or equal to 24 hours.
  • the device can automatically switch to alternate the volatile composition being emitted.
  • the device may emit volatile compositions for periods less than or equal to 15 minutes; or it may emit volatile compositions for periods greater than 24 hours (e.g., 48 hours). Numerous other embodiments are possible.
  • the method can utilize one or more devices.
  • a single device that is a dual scented “plug-in” that switches back and forth between two (or more) scents.
  • This embodiment of the device has a housing, and the housing is supported on an electrical outlet by a plug at least indirectly joined to the housing.
  • the device contains a first volatile composition and a second volatile composition.
  • the first volatile composition is emitted in an alternating period relative to said second volatile composition.
  • the method described herein can be carried out by two or more dispensing devices.
  • Such dispensing devices comprise any type of dispensing device, including, but not limited to aerosol sprayers.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram that shows one non-limiting embodiment of an emission program for emitting two volatile compositions.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram that shows one non-limiting embodiment of an emission program for emitting three (or more) volatile compositions.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram that shows one non-limiting embodiment of an emission program for emitting two (or more) volatile compositions where there is a gap between the emissions of the volatile compositions.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram that shows one non-limiting embodiment of an emission program for emitting two (or more) volatile compositions where there is an overlap of the emissions of the volatile compositions.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram that shows one non-limiting embodiment of an emission program for emitting three (or more) volatile compositions where there is an overlap of the emissions of one volatile composition with the emission of two other volatile compositions.
  • FIG. 6 is a partially fragmented schematic front view showing one non-limiting embodiment of a device for emitting volatile compositions.
  • FIG. 7 is a partially fragmented schematic side view of the device shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic top view of the device shown in FIG. 6, showing the same adjacent to the cover plate of an electrical outlet.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a printed circuit board that can be used to control the device shown in FIGS. 6 - 8 , along with the heaters and plug that are attached thereto.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic of the circuit shown in FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 11 shows two aerosol devices that operate on timers.
  • FIG. 12 shows a single device comprising two aerosol containers that operate on timers.
  • the present invention relates to methods and devices for emitting volatile compositions.
  • the invention relates to methods and devices for emitting two or more volatile compositions.
  • the methods for emitting volatile compositions can comprise a variety of different embodiments.
  • the two or more volatile compositions can be fragrance compositions, compositions that function as insecticides, air fresheners, deodorants, aromacology, aromatherapy, insecticides, or any other material that acts to condition, modify, or otherwise charge the atmosphere or to modify the environment.
  • the two or more volatile materials emitted in a given embodiment of the method can be the same type of material (e.g., two or more fragrance compositions), or they can be different types of materials (e.g., fragrance compositions and air fresheners).
  • Deodorants, or malodor control compositions may comprise a material selected from the group consisting of: odor neutralizing materials, odor blocking materials, odor masking materials, and combinations thereof.
  • the methods can emit the volatile compositions in a sequence in which the emission of the different volatile compositions automatically alternates between the different volatile compositions.
  • the volatile compositions can be emitted in any suitable sequence.
  • the sequence of emission of the volatile compositions can be in a pattern, or it can be random.
  • the term “pattern”, as used herein, refers to repeating sequences. In embodiments where the sequence of emission of the different volatile compositions is repeatable, the pattern can be repeated once, or any number of times after the initial sequence.
  • the term “random”, as used herein, refers to sequences in which the sequence of emission of the volatile compositions does not repeat in a regular fashion. It is also possible for an emission sequence to comprise a portion of time where the sequence is in a pattern, and a portion of time in which the sequence is random.
  • two or more volatile compositions are emitted in an alternating sequence.
  • there can be a first volatile composition and a second volatile composition and the first volatile composition is emitted in an alternating period relative to said second volatile composition.
  • the volatile compositions can be emitted in an alternating pattern as follows: 1, 2, 1, 2, . . . , etc.
  • FIG. 1 shows such an emission program schematically.
  • the diagram represents the periods during which that the volatile compositions are being subjected to a source of energy (or “activated”) (for example, if they are in a device which has a heater that heats the compositions, the diagram can designate the periods of time that during which the heaters are on and off). If there are three volatile compositions, they can be emitted in an alternating pattern as follows: 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, . . . , etc. as shown in FIG. 2.
  • volatilization source such as a heater
  • volatilization sources for the volatile compositions.
  • a single volatilization source can be used to volatilize more than one volatile composition.
  • Such a volatilization source could, for example, be capable of moving to volatilize the different volatile compositions, or it can be capable of selectively directing energy (e.g., heat) to the different volatile compositions (such as by opening and closing a door or gate between the volatilization source and a given volatile composition).
  • containers can be movable relative to the volatilization source (so that the containers can be selectively moved over a heater, for example).
  • the term “interval”, as used herein, refer to the shortest period of time in the emission sequence.
  • the discreet emission periods can also be referred to herein as a first time period, a second time period, etc. (each of which has a beginning and end). It should be understood that it is not necessary that the different volatile compositions be emitted for equal time periods.
  • a different volatile composition can be emitted for a shorter, or alternatively, a longer time period.
  • the after one volatile composition is emitted it can be followed by another interval of the same volatile composition before a different volatile composition is emitted.
  • the volatile compositions can be emitted during a discrete emission period that is less than or equal to about 15 minutes, but it may be more desirable for each emission period to be longer than 15 minutes. In the case of scented materials, longer time periods may be more desirable.
  • the volatile compositions are alternately emitted during discrete periods that are each greater than 15 minutes and less than or equal to about 12 hours, or less than or equal to about 24 hours, or less than or equal to about 48 hours, or more. Every numerical range given throughout this specification will include every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.
  • the volatile compositions are alternately emitted during periods that are greater than 15 minutes, or greater than or equal to about 1 hour, and less than 2 hours. In one embodiment, each volatile composition is emitted for a period of about 72 minutes.
  • the volatile compositions may be emitted so that one immediately follows the end of the emission period of the other.
  • the volatile compositions can be emitted so that there is a gap between the end of the emission period of one of the volatile compositions, and the beginning of the emission period of another volatile composition.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram that shows one non-limiting embodiment of an emission program for emitting two volatile compositions where there is a gap between the emissions of the volatile compositions where “g” designates a gap.
  • the volatile compositions can be emitted so that there is an overlap in the emission periods of two, or more volatile compositions.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram that shows one non-limiting embodiment of an emission program for emitting two volatile compositions where there is an overlap of the emissions of the volatile compositions where the symbol “&” designates an emission period where both volatile compositions are being emitted.
  • FIG. 5 shows one non-limiting embodiment of an emission program for emitting three (or more) volatile compositions where there is an overlap of the emissions of one volatile composition with the emission of two other volatile compositions. In other embodiments, it is possible for one or more of the volatile compositions to be emitted continuously, and another volatile composition to be emitted for periods of time that are greater than 15 minutes.
  • the gap can be of any suitable duration. Suitable durations include, but are not limited any periods that are less than or equal to about 30 minutes. However, it is also possible to have gap periods of greater than 30 minutes. If it is desirable to have an overlap in the emission periods of two, or more volatile materials, the overlap can be of any suitable duration.
  • the emission period of a subsequently emitted volatile material may overlap from greater than 0% up to 100% of the time a first volatile material is being emitted. In certain embodiments, for example, it may be desirable for there to be an overlap of about 25% between different volatile materials.
  • scent “A” can be emitted for 45 minutes; this can be followed by the emission of both scents “A” and “B” for 30 minutes; and this followed by scent “B” for 45 minutes.
  • 30 minutes is 25% of the total time of the emission of scents “A” and “B” and the combination thereof (or 120 minutes).
  • the gap or overlap periods can be controlled automatically.
  • the article(s) or device(s) used to emit the volatile materials can be provided with controls to allow the user to control the duration of any gap and/or overlap in emission periods. Overlapping sequences may be used when it is desirable to have the user smell the blended scent for some period as well as distinct scents during other periods.
  • the method it is desirable for the method to be carried out by article(s) and/or device(s) that are flameless (e.g., not candles). In certain embodiments, it may also be desirable for the method to be carried out independently of other media (such other media may include, but is not limited to: movies, television, etc.). In other embodiments, it may be desirable to carry out the method in a coordinated fashion with other media.
  • the device can provide an alternating scent experience, rather than a sustained impression of a single scent.
  • it may be desirable for the emission pattern to not be synchronized over a 24 hour period, so that the user has a different scent experience at a given time during the day or night for each 24 hour period. Numerous other embodiments are possible.
  • the total emission program refers to the entire sequence of the discrete emission periods from beginning to end. In certain embodiments, it is desirable for the emission program to be continuous.
  • continuous means that there is a planned emission sequence over an entire period, once the program is initiated. This emission program can include periods, as noted above, where there are gaps in emission. This will still be considered to be a continuous emission program, although there will not necessarily be continuous emission of volatile compositions. It should be understood, however, that it is possible for the emission program to be interruptible by the user (e.g., turned off), if desired.
  • the method can provide a user interface, and the user interface can provide a user with the ability to interrupt emission program.
  • the emission program may be designed to run continuously, or substantially continuously until at least one of the volatile compositions is substantially depleted. In certain embodiments, it is desirable for the emission program to run continuously until all of the volatile compositions are substantially depleted, and for this to occur at approximately the same time.
  • the emission program can be of any suitable length, including but not limited to 30 days, 60 days, or shorter or longer periods, or any period between 30 to 60 days.
  • FIGS. 6 - 8 show one non-limiting embodiment of a device 20 for emitting volatile compositions according to the methods described above.
  • the device can have a pre-selected emission program which is already programmed when a consumer buys the device, or the device can be provided with a selection of several emission programs and the consumer can select between these programs.
  • the device 20 can use technology similar to the “random play” technology used in compact disc (CD) players to randomly alternate between different volatile materials.
  • the device 20 comprises a housing 22 , and the housing 22 is supported on an electrical outlet 24 by a plug 26 that is at least indirectly joined to the housing 22 .
  • the device 20 further comprises at least one container.
  • the device 20 comprises two containers 28 and 30 .
  • the containers 28 and 30 contain at least a first volatile composition 32 and a second volatile composition 34 .
  • the housing 22 may serve as a holder for the containers 28 and 30 and any of the other components of the device described below.
  • the containers 28 and 30 can comprise any suitable type of container, and can be made of any suitable material. Suitable materials for the containers include, but are not limited to glass and plastic.
  • the containers 28 and 30 can comprise any type of container that is suitable for holding volatile materials.
  • the containers 28 and 30 may be part of the housing 22 , or they may be separate components that are removably joined to a portion of the device 20 such as the housing 22 . It is also possible for a single container to hold more than one type of volatile material. Such a container could, for instance, have two or more compartments for volatile materials. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 - 8 , the containers 28 and 30 comprise two separate bottles.
  • the bottles comprising containers 28 and 30 in FIGS. 6 - 8 contain volatile compositions in the form of scented perfume oils.
  • the bottles further comprise a seal 36 for containing the volatile material, and a wick 38 for dispensing the volatile material.
  • the device 20 and/or the bottles 28 and 30 may further comprise an additional seal for covering the wick 38 of one or more of the volatile materials when the volatile material is not being emitted.
  • volatile compositions refers to a material or a discrete unit comprised of one or more materials that is vaporizable, or comprises a material that is vaporizable.
  • volatile compositions thus, includes (but is not limited to) compositions that are comprised entirely of a single volatile material.
  • volatile materials include, but are not limited to pleasant or savory smells, and, thus, also encompass materials that function as insecticides, air fresheners, deodorants, aromacology, aromatherapy, insecticides, or any other material that acts to condition, modify, or otherwise charge the atmosphere or to modify the environment.
  • volatile compositions including, but not limited to perfumes, aromatic materials, and scented materials, will often be comprised of one or more volatile materials (which may form a unique and/or discrete unit comprised of a collection of volatile materials).
  • volatile composition refers to compositions that have at least one volatile component, and it is not necessary for all of the component materials of the volatile composition to be volatile.
  • the volatile compositions described herein may, thus, also have non-volatile components.
  • volatile compositions when the volatile compositions are described herein as being “emitted”, this refers to the volatilization of the volatile components thereof, and does not require that the non-volatile components thereof be emitted.
  • the volatile compositions of interest herein can be in any suitable form including, but not limited to: solids, liquids, gels, encapsulates, wicks, and carrier materials, such as porous materials impregnated with or containing the volatile material, and combinations thereof.
  • the different scented materials can be similar, related, complementary, or contrasting. It may not be desirable, however, for the scented materials to be too similar if the different scented materials are being used in an attempt to avoid the problem of scent habituation, otherwise, the people experiencing the scents may not notice that a different scent is being emitted.
  • the different scents can be related to each other by a common theme, or in some other manner. For example, the different scents can all be floral, fruit scents, etc. An example of scents that are different, but complementary might be a vanilla scent and a French vanilla scent.
  • the present invention also comprises a method of providing choices of compatible volatile compositions, such as fragrance compositions, to consumers.
  • a method comprises providing fragrance compositions for use in one or more emitting devices. More specifically, in one embodiment, the method can comprise providing a consumer with a selection of two or more fragrance compositions in containers that are configured for use in one or more emitting devices; and providing some type of indicia to inform a consumer which of the two or more fragrance compositions are compatible for use together.
  • containers can serve as the emitting devices (e.g., plug-in devices, aerosol cans, etc.).
  • the method can pre-select for consumers two or more fragrance compositions that are complementary, yet discemably different.
  • the method can comprise selling such different volatile compositions together, such as in bundle packs of (two, three, or more) volatile compositions. Any of the foregoing embodiments may be used in supplying consumers with their initial product(s), as well as with refills for the same. In certain embodiments, the method may comprise supplying consumers with types of volatile compositions other than, or in addition to, fragrance compositions (for example, a fragrance composition and a malodor reducing composition).
  • fragrance compositions for example, a fragrance composition and a malodor reducing composition.
  • the embodiment of the device 20 shown in FIGS. 6 - 8 further comprises a mechanism for activating the volatile materials from their “resting” state to an activated state.
  • a component may include, but is not limited to a component that volatilizes or heats the volatile materials.
  • the device 20 may also contain a component, such as a fan, for diffusing or transporting the volatile materials into the environment or atmosphere.
  • the device 20 may comprise a heater, a fan, or both, or some other type of mechanism.
  • the device 20 comprises at least one heating system or heater, such as heaters 40 and 42 .
  • the heaters 40 and 42 can comprise any suitable type of heater, and can be located in any suitable location in or relative to the device 20 .
  • the heaters 40 and 42 comprise heating elements that are in the form of circular rings that at least partially surround the wicks 38 protruding from the bottles of the volatile compositions.
  • the device 20 shown in FIGS. 6 - 8 further comprises a switching mechanism 50 that changes the volatile material being emitted by the device 20 .
  • the switching mechanism 50 can comprise any suitable type of mechanism that causes the device to change the volatile material being emitted.
  • the switching mechanism controls the activation of the heaters so that the heater will be turned on for the volatile material which is desired to be emitted.
  • Suitable switching mechanisms include, but are not limited to: analog timing circuitry, digital circuitry, combinations of analog and digital circuitry, microprocessors, and mechanical actuation switches such as shape memory alloys (NiTi wire) or bimetallic switches.
  • the switching mechanism 50 comprises a combination analog and digital circuit in the form of a printed circuit board (or “PCB”).
  • the circuit comprises: a single sided PC board 52 ; a capacitor designated C 1 ; a pair of diodes D 1 and D 2 ; three transistors Q 1 , Q 2 , and Q 3 ; five resistors R 1 -R 5 ; three counters U 1 , U 2 , and U 3 ; a third diode Z 1 .
  • Any suitable type of heater can be used for heaters 40 and 42 , including but not limited to resistance heaters (several types of which are commercially available).
  • the heaters 40 and 42 are also connected to the circuit board 52 by wires 66 .
  • Suitable components for circuit are set out in the following table: TABLE 1 Reference Number or Letter Component Properties C1 Capacitor, 1 microF, 250 V Electrolytic D1, D2 Diode 1N4004, or similar 26 Wall power plug Q1, Q2, Q3 Transistors, NPN NPN 200 V, 200 mA R1-R5 Resistors 1/8 watt U1, U2, U3 Counters CD4024, or similar Z1 Diode, Zener, 11 V 1N4741A, or similar
  • the components of the circuit may be through-hole or surface mounted.
  • a 38 ⁇ 66 mm single sided PC board 52 with through-hole components is used.
  • the material comprising the PC board 52 can be a standard material such as FR-4 epoxy base fiberglass, but any UL approved material is acceptable.
  • the wall power plug 26 is a molded wall plug with approximately 100 mm pigtails into the PC board.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic of the circuit. This circuit provides a timing function that alternates current between two paths over a time period of several tens of hours, with a pre-selected time for each heater to be turned on and off.
  • the switching mechanism may include, but is not limited to the following alternative types of switching mechanisms: (1) a magnetic sensor with a pickup that counts the number of rotations of the motor of a fan used to disperse the volatile composition(s) such that after a certain number of rotations, the device will switch from one volatile composition to another; and (2) a device comprising dual shape memory alloys, or bimetallic strips or switches that can complete a circuit at ambient temperature and then cut-off when a certain temperature is reached.
  • the two-way effect can be used since as the temperature lowers, the material can complete the circuit again, thus acting as a thermostat to keep the heater on and then turn it off.
  • the shape memory alloy may serve as the heater as well as the pulse generator.
  • the device 20 can comprise a number of additional optional features.
  • the device can be provided with indicators so that a person is further made aware that the volatile material being emitted has changed. Such indicators can be visual and/or audible. For example, in the case of scented materials, such an indicator may allow a person to see which scent is being emitted at a given time.
  • the indicators are in the form of lights 70 and 72 .
  • at least a portion of the device 20 (such as all or a portion of the housing) or the containers may be made of a type of plastic that changes color when heated.
  • the device can be provided with additional user controls.
  • the device can comprise an “on/off” switch to allow a user to turn the device on and off without removing it from the electrical socket.
  • the device can be provided with a control that allows the user to control the emission period of the volatile materials, and/or the time between the emission of the different volatile materials, or the time that the volatile materials are emitted during an overlapping time period. For example, in one non-limiting embodiment, if the device is provided with the capability of emitting each volatile material during a period greater than 15 minutes and less than or equal to 24 hours, then the device can be provided with a control that allows the user to set the emission period to 72 minutes, or to one hour, for example.
  • the device can be battery powered so that it need not be plugged into an electrical outlet.
  • the device can also be configured so that it can be both plugged in and powered by a source of electrical current, and also battery powered.
  • the device can also be provided with an adapter so that it can be plugged into the cigarette lighter in a vehicle.
  • the device can be provided with a remote control that allows the user to control any, or all, of the emission properties of the device (including, but not limited to changing the volatile material being emitted) without touching the device.
  • the device can also be sold in the form of a kit that includes the device and one or more containers of volatile compositions.
  • the device and/or kit can also include instructions for use that instruct the user regarding certain emission periods that may be used to produce certain results, and/or instructions regarding where to place the device in a given space.
  • the instructions may include instructions for setting the device based on the size of the room, vehicle, etc. in which the device is placed.
  • Such instructions may also include instructions to the user to chose more frequent changes between the emission of scented materials for greater scent awareness.
  • Instructions may also be provided to specify how to operate the device relative to other devices.
  • the instructions can be provided in any suitable form, e.g., written, audio, and/or video.
  • the device may comprise a microprocessor that has less component parts compared to analog circuits, and improved circuit quality from lot to lot.
  • the microprocessor can allow the user to program and control the temperature profile by modulation to alter performance.
  • the microprocessor may be connected to a user interface. This can be any suitable type of user interface. Examples of types of user interfaces include, but are not limited to LCD screens and LED's.
  • the microprocessor enables components to allow multiple devices (such as those located in different parts of a room, or in different rooms), to communicate with each other. For example, the microprocessor can enable a remote control to send digital signals via an infared beam to turn another device “on” or “off”.
  • the method described herein can be carried out by two or more dispensing devices.
  • Such dispensing devices comprise any type of dispensing device, including, but not limited to aerosol sprayers.
  • FIG. 11 shows one non-limiting embodiment of an arrangement of aerosol sprayers 80 and 82 .
  • the aerosol sprayers used in such a method can function in any suitable manner.
  • the aerosol sprayers may each operate independently, such as on timers 84 so that they alternate the emission of the volatile materials in the manner desired.
  • the dispensing devices can be powered in any suitable manner, such as by a battery 86 .
  • FIG. 12 shows another non-limiting embodiment of a dispensing device 88 .
  • the dispensing device 88 is a single device that comprises two (or more) dispensers, such as aerosol sprayers 90 and 92 .
  • the device 88 may operate on one or more timers, or sensors 96 , and can be powered by one or more batteries, or other power sources.
  • the devices can be configured to turn on and off in response to some stimulus, such as by sensors that respond to light, noise and/or motion.
  • one of the devices can be set up to turn on when it senses light, and another device can be set to turn off when it senses light.
  • a microprocessor can be used with motion sensors to turn on the device (for example, a heater and/or a fan in the device).
  • the device can be off all the time until a person moves in the vicinity of the motion sensor. The device can then turn on when a person walks in the vicinity of the motion sensor.
  • Using a microprocessor provides flexibility in controlling the characteristics of the emission of the volatile materials. This is because it is possible to replace the microprocessor if it is desired to change the emission characteristics. Replacing the microprocessor eliminates the need to modify the entire circuit.

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  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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US10/417,462 2000-07-27 2003-04-16 Methods for emitting volatile compositions Abandoned US20040028551A1 (en)

Priority Applications (31)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/417,462 US20040028551A1 (en) 2000-07-27 2003-04-16 Methods for emitting volatile compositions
US10/820,284 US20040265164A1 (en) 2000-07-27 2004-04-08 Methods, devices, compositions, and systems for improved scent delivery
EP06126792A EP1762254A3 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 System for improved scent delivery
CA002522745A CA2522745C (en) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Methods, devices, compositions, and systems for improved scent delivery
DE602004008443T DE602004008443C5 (de) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Verfahren und vorrichtung für verbesserte duftabgabe
EP06126788.6A EP1767227B1 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Method and system for improved scent delivery
CA002522564A CA2522564C (en) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Method for emitting volatile compositions
AT04750233T ATE370753T1 (de) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Verfahren und vorrichtung für verbesserte duftabgabe
EP07106264A EP1842562A3 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Method and device for improved scent delivery
CN2004800100305A CN1774269B (zh) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 喷射挥发性组合物的方法
EP04750231A EP1631323A1 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Method for emitting volatile compositions
JP2006501275A JP2006521834A (ja) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 揮発性組成物を放出するための方法
PCT/US2004/011836 WO2004093927A1 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Method for emitting volatile compositions
MXPA05011067A MXPA05011067A (es) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Metodo para emitir composiciones volatiles.
EP04750233A EP1613361B1 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Method and device for improved scent delivery
MXPA05011069A MXPA05011069A (es) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Metodos y dispositivos para mejorar el suministro de fragancias.
ES06126788.6T ES2541128T3 (es) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Método y sistema para una mejor difusión de aroma
CA2636154A CA2636154C (en) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Methods, devices, compositions, and systems for improved scent delivery
CN201410267063.3A CN104307020B (zh) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 用于改进香味递送的方法、装置、组合物及系统
CN2004800099952A CN1878574B (zh) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 用于改进香味递送的方法、装置、组合物及系统
ES04750233T ES2293302T3 (es) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Metodo y dispositivo para un mejor suministro de aroma.
CN200810093058.XA CN101264333B (zh) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 用于改进香味递送的香味分配套盒
JP2006501277A JP4590396B2 (ja) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 加熱芯型香料組成物分配装置からの香料放出特性を平坦化する方法
EP06126779A EP1762253A3 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Method for improved scent delivery
PCT/US2004/011838 WO2004093929A2 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Methods and device for improved scent delivery
US11/204,953 US7223361B2 (en) 2000-07-27 2005-08-16 Methods for emitting volatile compositions
US12/269,856 US8119064B2 (en) 2000-07-27 2008-11-12 Methods, devices, compositions, and systems for improved scent delivery
US12/326,358 USRE45038E1 (en) 2000-07-27 2008-12-02 Methods for emitting volatile compositions
JP2009114696A JP5214531B2 (ja) 2003-04-16 2009-05-11 香り分配キット
US13/363,454 US8349251B2 (en) 2000-07-27 2012-02-01 Methods, devices, compositions, and systems for improved scent delivery
US13/713,209 US8721962B2 (en) 2000-07-27 2012-12-13 Methods, devices, compositions and systems for improved scent delivery

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2000/020499 WO2002009779A1 (en) 2000-07-27 2000-07-27 Process and device for deodorizing an environment
US09/730,333 US20020066798A1 (en) 2000-12-04 2000-12-05 Multiple scent-containing article of manufacture with theme
US09/730,226 US6581915B2 (en) 2000-07-27 2000-12-05 Dispensing device for dispensing scents
US09/730,261 US20020068009A1 (en) 2000-12-04 2000-12-05 System and methods for dispensing scents into the environment, and for providing scent-containing articles of manufacture
US09/904,019 US20020068010A1 (en) 2000-12-04 2001-07-12 Articles, systems, and methods for dispensing volatile materials into the environment
US10/417,462 US20040028551A1 (en) 2000-07-27 2003-04-16 Methods for emitting volatile compositions

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US09604019 Continuation-In-Part
US09/904,019 Continuation-In-Part US20020068010A1 (en) 2000-07-27 2001-07-12 Articles, systems, and methods for dispensing volatile materials into the environment

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US09/730,333 Continuation US20020066798A1 (en) 2000-07-27 2000-12-05 Multiple scent-containing article of manufacture with theme
US10/417,456 Continuation US20040033171A1 (en) 2000-07-27 2003-04-16 Systems and devices for emitting volatile compositions
US10/820,284 Continuation-In-Part US20040265164A1 (en) 2000-07-27 2004-04-08 Methods, devices, compositions, and systems for improved scent delivery
US11/204,953 Continuation US7223361B2 (en) 2000-07-27 2005-08-16 Methods for emitting volatile compositions
US12/269,856 Continuation US8119064B2 (en) 2000-07-27 2008-11-12 Methods, devices, compositions, and systems for improved scent delivery

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US12/326,358 Expired - Lifetime USRE45038E1 (en) 2000-07-27 2008-12-02 Methods for emitting volatile compositions

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JP (1) JP2006521834A (es)
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WO (1) WO2004093927A1 (es)

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MXPA05011067A (es) 2005-12-12
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