US20030168008A1 - Plasma processing device - Google Patents
Plasma processing device Download PDFInfo
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- US20030168008A1 US20030168008A1 US10/276,721 US27672102A US2003168008A1 US 20030168008 A1 US20030168008 A1 US 20030168008A1 US 27672102 A US27672102 A US 27672102A US 2003168008 A1 US2003168008 A1 US 2003168008A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32192—Microwave generated discharge
- H01J37/32211—Means for coupling power to the plasma
- H01J37/3222—Antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32192—Microwave generated discharge
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32192—Microwave generated discharge
- H01J37/32211—Means for coupling power to the plasma
- H01J37/32229—Waveguides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/3244—Gas supply means
Definitions
- the present invention is generally related to a plasma processing apparatus, and more particularly, to a microwave plasma processing apparatus.
- Plasma processing and plasma processing apparatuses are an indispensable technology for fabricating ultrafine semiconductor devices these days called deep submicron devices or deep subquarter micron devices characterized by a gate length of near 0.1 ā m or less, and for fabricating ultra high-resolution flat-panel display devices including liquid crystal display devices.
- Such a conventional plasma processing device has several inherent problems associated with its high electron temperature, in that the semiconductor devices formed on the substrate sustain damage and that significant metal contamination is caused as a result of sputtering of a chamber wall.
- a microwave plasma processing apparatus that uses high-density plasma excited by a microwave electric field, in place of a direct-current magnetic field.
- a plasma processing apparatus that causes excitation of plasma by radiating a microwave into a processing vessel from a planar antenna (radial line slot antenna) having a number of slots disposed so as to form a uniform microwave, such that the microwave electric field causes ionization of a gas in a vacuum vessel.
- planar antenna radial line slot antenna
- the microwave electric field causes ionization of a gas in a vacuum vessel.
- the microwave plasma thus formed is characterized by low electron temperature, and damaging or metal contamination of the substrate is avoided. Further, it is possible to form uniform plasma over a large surface area, and it can be easily applied to the fabrication process of a semiconductor device using a large diameter semiconductor substrate and a large size liquid crystal display device.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B show the construction of a conventional microwave plasma processing apparatus 100 having such a radial line slot antenna, wherein FIG. 1A shows the microwave plasma processing apparatus in a cross-sectional view while FIG. 1B shows the construction of the radial line slot antenna.
- the microwave plasma processing apparatus 100 has a processing chamber 101 evacuated from plural evacuation ports 116 , and a stage 115 is formed for holding a substrate 114 to be processed.
- a ring-shaped space 101 A is formed around the stage 115 , and the plural evacuation ports 116 are formed in communication with the foregoing space 101 A at a uniform interval, and hence in axial symmetry with regard to the substrate. Thereby, it becomes possible to evacuate the processing chamber 101 uniformly through the space 101 A and the evacuation ports 116 .
- a shower plate 103 of plate-like form at the location corresponding to the substrate 114 on the stage 115 as a part of the outer wall of the processing chamber 101 , and the shower plate 103 is sealed with respect to the processing chamber 101 via a seal ring 109 , wherein the shower plate 103 is formed of a dielectric material of small loss and includes a large number of apertures 107 . Further, a cover plate 102 also of a dielectric material of small loss is provided on the outer side of the shower plate 103 , and the cover plate 102 is sealed with respect to the shower plate 103 via another seal ring 108 .
- the shower plate 103 is formed with a passage 104 for a plasma gas on the top surface thereof, and each of the plural apertures 107 are formed in communication with the foregoing plasma gas passage 104 . Further, there is formed a plasma gas supply passage 108 in the interior of the shower plate 103 in communication with a plasma gas supply port 105 provided on the outer wall of the processing vessel 101 .
- the plasma gas of Ar, Kr or the like supplied to the foregoing plasma gas supply port 105 is supplied to the foregoing apertures 107 from the supply passage 108 via the passage 104 and is released into a space 101 B underneath the shower plate 103 in the processing vessel 101 from the apertures 107 with substantially uniform concentration.
- a radial line slot antenna 110 having a radiation surface shown in FIG. 1B on the outer side of the cover plate 102 with a separation of 4-5 mm from the cover plate 102 .
- the radial line slot antenna 110 is connected to an external microwave source (not shown) via a coaxial waveguide 110 A and causes excitation of the plasma gas released into the space 101 B by the microwave from the microwave source. It should be noted that the gap between the cover plate 102 and the radiation surface of the radial line slot antenna 110 is filled with air.
- the radial line slot antenna 110 is formed of a flat disk-like antenna body 110 B connected to an outer waveguide of the coaxial waveguide 110 A and a radiation plate 110 C is provided on the mouth of the antenna body 110 B, wherein the radiation plate 110 C is formed with a number of slots 110 a and slots 110 b wherein slots 110 b are formed in a direction crossing the slots 110 a perpendicularly as represented in FIG. 1B. Further, a retardation plate 110 D of a dielectric film of uniform thickness is inserted between the antenna body 110 B and the radiation plate 110 C.
- the microwave supplied from the coaxial waveguide 110 spreads between the disk-like antenna body 110 B and the radiation plate 110 C as it is propagated in the outward radial directions, wherein there occurs a compression of wavelength as a result of the action of the retardation plate 110 D.
- the slots 110 a and 110 b in concentric relationship in correspondence to the wavelength of the radially propagating microwave so as to cross perpendicularly with each other, it becomes possible to emit a plane wave having a circular polarization state in a direction substantially perpendicular to the radiation plate 110 C.
- a conductor structure 111 in the processing vessel 101 between the shower plate 103 and the substrate 114 wherein the conductor structure 111 is formed with a number of nozzles 113 supplied with a processing gas from an external processing gas source (not shown) via a processing gas passage 112 formed in the processing vessel 101 , and each of the nozzles 113 releases the processing gas supplied thereto into a space 101 C between the conductive structure 111 and the substrate 114 .
- the conductive structure 111 is formed with openings between adjacent nozzles 113 with a size such that the plasma formed in the space 101 B passes efficiently from the space 101 B to the space 101 C by way of diffusion.
- An impedance matching structure is generally provided between a microwave antenna and a waveguide connected to the microwave antenna to inject a weak microwave signal received by the microwave antenna into the waveguide without loss.
- high-power microwaves are provided to the radial line slot antenna 110 through the waveguide, and additionally, reflective microwaves reflected by the plasma formed in the processing vessel 101 are also superimposed on the high-power microwaves in the antenna 110 and the waveguide.
- the impedance matching of the power supply unit connecting the waveguide and the antenna body 110 is much more important than usual.
- Another and more specific object of the present invention is to provide a plasma processing apparatus having a microwave antenna, forming plasma in the processing vessel by providing microwaves from the microwave antenna to the processing vessel through the microwave transparent window, and processing the substrate in the plasma, in which the efficiency of supplying microwaves from the microwave waveguide to the microwave antenna is increased, and the abnormal discharge problem due to the mismatching of impedance at the joint unit between the microwave waveguide and the microwave antenna is eliminated.
- Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a plasma processing apparatus, comprising, a processing vessel defined by an outer wall and having a stage for holding a substrate to be processed, an evacuation system coupled to said processing vessel, a microwave transparent window provided on said processing vessel as a part of said outer wall, and opposite said substrate held on said stage, a plasma gas supplying part for supplying plasma gas to said processing vessel, a microwave antenna provided on said processing vessel in correspondence to said microwave, and a microwave power source electrically coupled to said microwave antenna, wherein said microwave antenna comprising a coaxial waveguide connected to said microwave power source, said coaxial waveguide having an inner conductor core and an outer conductor tube surrounding said inner conductor core, and an antenna body provided to a point of said coaxial waveguide, said antenna body further comprising a first conductor surface forming a microwave radiation surface coupled with said microwave transparent window, and a second conductor surface opposite said first conductor surface via a dielectric plate, said second conductor surface being connected to said first conductor surface at a peripheral part of said microwave
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a plasma processing apparatus, comprising, a processing vessel defined by an outer wall and having a stage for holding a substrate to be processed, an evacuation system coupled to said processing vessel, a microwave transparent window provided on said processing vessel as a part of said outer wall, opposite said substrate held on said stage, a plasma gas supplying part for supplying plasma gas to said processing vessel, a microwave antenna provided on said processing vessel in correspondence to said microwave, and a microwave power source electrically coupled to said microwave antenna, wherein said microwave antenna comprising a coaxial waveguide connected to said microwave power source, said coaxial waveguide having an inner conductor core and an outer conductor tube surrounding said inner conductor core, and an antenna body provided to a point of said coaxial waveguide, said antenna body further comprising a first conductor surface forming microwave a radiation surface coupled with said microwave transparent window and a second conductor surface opposite said first conductor surface via a dielectric plate, said second conductor surface being connected to said first conductor surface at a peripheral part of said dielectric plate
- the rapid change in impedance by the joint unit between the microwave waveguide and the microwave antenna is avoided.
- microwaves reflected by the joint unit are efficiently reduced.
- the reflective waves are reduced, abnormal discharge at the joint unit and consequent damage on the antenna caused by the abnormal discharge is avoided.
- the reduction in the reflective waves stabilizes the supply of microwaves to the processing vessel through the microwave transparent window, and makes it possible to form stable plasma in the processing vessel as desired.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing the construction of a conventional microwave plasma processing apparatus that uses a radial line slot antenna
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing the construction of a microwave plasma processing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing the construction of the joint between a coaxial waveguide and a radial line slot antenna of the apparatus of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of eliminating reflection by the construction of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the reflection coefficient measured for the microwave plasma formed in the plasma processing apparatus of FIGS. 2A and 2B using the power supplying structure of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the construction of the process gas supplying structure of the microwave plasma processing apparatus shown in FIG. 2A;
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the construction of the microwave power source coupled to the microwave plasma processing apparatus of FIG. 2A;
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the construction of a microwave supplying structure according to a variation of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the construction of a microwave supplying structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a variation of the microwave supplying structure of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing another variation of the microwave supplying structure of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing another variation of the microwave supplying structure of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing yet another variation of the microwave supplying structure of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing yet another variation of the microwave supplying structure of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the construction of microwave plasma processing apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the construction of microwave plasma processing apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the construction of microwave plasma processing apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the construction of a semiconductor fabrication apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, using the microwave plasma processing apparatus of FIGS. 2A and 2B;
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the construction of an exhaustion system of the semiconductor fabrication apparatus of FIGS. 18A and 18B;
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the construction of a screw molecular pump used for the exhaustion system of FIG. 19;
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the construction of a gradational lead screw pump used for the exhaustion system of FIG. 19;
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the construction of a gas supplying system used for the processing unit of FIG. 19.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the construction of a current control apparatus used for the gas supplying system of FIG. 22.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing the construction of a microwave plasma processing apparatus 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the microwave plasma processing apparatus 10 includes a processing vessel 11 and a stage 13 provided in the processing vessel 11 for holding a substrate 12 to be processed by an electrostatic chuck, wherein the stage 13 is preferably formed of AlN or Al 2 O 3 by a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process.
- the processing vessel 11 there are formed two or three evacuation ports 11 a in a space 11 A surrounding the stage 13 with an equal distance, and hence with an axial symmetry with respect to the substrate 12 on the stage 13 .
- the processing vessel 11 is evacuated to a low pressure via the evacuation ports 11 a by a gradational lead screw pump.
- the processing vessel 11 is preferably formed of an austenite stainless steel containing Al, and there is formed a protective film of aluminum oxide on the inner wall surface by an oxidizing process. Further, there is formed a disk-shaped shower plate 14 of dense Al 2 O 3 , formed by a HIP process, in the part of the outer wall of the processing vessel 11 corresponding to the substrate 12 as a part of the outer wall, wherein the shower plate 14 includes a large number of nozzle apertures 14 A.
- the Al 2 O 3 shower plate 14 thus formed by the HIP process is formed by using an Y 2 O 3 additive and has porosity of 0.03% or less. This means that the Al 2 O 3 shower plate is substantially free from pores or pinholes and has a very large, while not so large as that of AlN, thermal conductivity for a ceramic of 30W/m ā K.
- the shower plate 14 is mounted on the processing vessel 11 and sealed thereto via a seal ring 11 s , and a cover plate 15 of dense Al 2 O 3 formed also by an HIP process is provided on the shower plate 14 and sealed thereto via a seal ring lit.
- the shower plate 14 is formed with a depression 14 B communicating with each of the nozzle apertures 14 A and serving as a plasma gas passage, a side thereof formed by the cover plate 15 .
- the depression 14 B also communicates with another plasma gas passage 14 C formed in the interior of the shower plate 14 in communication with a plasma gas inlet 11 p formed on the outer wall of the processing vessel 11 .
- the shower plate 14 is held by an extending part 11 b formed on the inner wall of the processing vessel 11 , wherein the extending part 11 b is formed with a round surface,at the part holding the shower plate 14 so as to suppress electric discharge.
- plasma gas such as Ar or Kr supplied to the plasma gas inlet 11 p is supplied to a space 11 B underneath the shower plate 14 uniformly via the apertures 14 A after being passed through the passage 14 C and the depression 14 B in the shower plate 14 .
- a radial line slot antenna 20 formed,of a disk-shaped slot plate 16 formed with a number of slots 16 a and 16 b shown in FIG. 3B in intimate contact with the cover plate 15 , a disk-shaped antenna body 17 holding the slot plate 16 , and a retardation plate 18 of a dielectric material of low loss such as Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 or Si 3 N 4 sandwiched between the slot plate 16 and the antenna body 17 .
- the radial line slot antenna 20 is mounted on the processing vessel 11 and sealed thereto by way of a seal ring 11 u , and a microwave of 2.45 GHz or 8.3 GHz frequency is fed to the radial line slot antenna 20 from an external microwave source (not shown) via a coaxial waveguide 21 .
- the microwave thus supplied is radiated into the interior of the processing vessel from the slots 16 a and 16 b in the slot plate 16 via the cover plate 15 and the shower plate 14 .
- the microwaves cause excitation of plasma in the plasma gas supplied from the apertures 14 A in the space 11 B underneath the shower plate 14 .
- the cover plate 15 and the shower plate 14 are formed of Al 2 O 3 and function as an efficient microwave-transmitting window.
- the plasma gas is held at a pressure of about 6666 Pa-13332 Pa (about 50-100 Torr) in the foregoing passages 14 A- 14 C.
- the microwave plasma processing apparatus 10 of the present embodiment has a ring-shaped groove 11 g in a part of the processing vessel 11 so as to be adjacent to the slot plate 16 .
- the pressure in the gap formed between the slot plate 16 and the cover plate 15 is reduced and the radial line slot antenna 20 is urged firmly upon the cover plate 15 by the atmospheric pressure.
- a gap includes not only the slots 16 a and 16 b formed in the slot plate 16 but also a gap formed for various other reasons. It should be noted further that such a gap is sealed by the seal ring 11 u provided between the radial line slot antenna 20 and the processing vessel 11 .
- an outer waveguide 21 A of the coaxial waveguide 21 A is connected to the disk-shaped antenna body 17 while a center conductor 21 B is connected to the slot plate 16 via an opening formed in the retardation plate 18 .
- the microwave fed to the coaxial waveguide 21 A is propagated in the outer radial directions between the antenna body 17 and the slot plate 16 and is emitted from the slots 16 a and 16 b.
- FIG. 2B shows the slots 16 a and 16 b formed in the slot plate 16 .
- the slots 16 a are arranged concentrically, and the slots 16 b , each corresponding to a slot 16 a and being perpendicular to the corresponding slot 16 a , are also arranged concentrically.
- the slots 16 a and 16 b are formed with an interval corresponding to the wavelength of the microwave compressed by the retardation plate 18 in the radial direction of the slot plate 16 , and as a result, the microwave is radiated from the slot plate 16 in the form of a near plane wave. Because the slots 16 a and the slots 16 b are formed in a mutually perpendicular relationship, the microwave thus radiated forms a circularly polarized wave including two perpendicular polarization components.
- a cooling block 19 formed with a cooling water passage 19 A on the antenna body 17 , and the heat accumulated in the shower plate 14 is absorbed via the radial line slot antenna 20 by cooling the cooling block 19 with cooling water in the cooling water passage 19 A.
- the cooling water passage 19 A is formed on the cooling block 19 in a spiral form, and cooling water having a controlled oxidation-reduction potential is supplied thereto, wherein the control of the oxidation reduction potential is achieved by eliminating oxygen dissolved in the cooling water by way of bubbling of an H 2 gas.
- a process gas supply structure 31 in the processing vessel 11 between the shower plate 14 and the substrate 12 on the stage 13 wherein the process gas supply structure 31 has gas passages 31 A arranged in a lattice shape and releases a process gas supplied from a process gas inlet port 11 r provided in the outer wall of the processing vessel 11 through a large number of process gas nozzle apertures 31 B (see FIG. 4).
- desired uniform substrate processing is achieved in a space 11 C between the process gas supply structure 31 and the substrate 12 .
- Such substrate processing includes plasma oxidation processing, plasma nitridation processing, plasma oxynitridation processing, and plasma CVD processing.
- a reactive ion etching of the substrate 12 by supplying a readily decomposing fluorocarbon gas such as C 4 F 8 , C 5 F 8 or C 4 F 6 or an etching-gas containing F or Cl from the process gas supply structure 31 to the space 11 C and further by applying a high-frequency voltage to the stage 13 from a high-frequency power source 13 A.
- a readily decomposing fluorocarbon gas such as C 4 F 8 , C 5 F 8 or C 4 F 6 or an etching-gas containing F or Cl from the process gas supply structure 31 to the space 11 C and further by applying a high-frequency voltage to the stage 13 from a high-frequency power source 13 A.
- the microwave plasma processing apparatus 10 of the present embodiment it is possible to avoid deposition of reaction byproducts on the inner wall of the processing vessel by heating the outer wall of the processing vessel 11 to a temperature of about 150Ā° C. Thereby, the microwave plasma processing apparatus 10 can be operated constantly and with reliability, by merely conducting a dry cleaning process once a day or so.
- a taper unit 21 Bt of the center conductor 21 B is formed at the joint/power supplying unit that connects the coaxial waveguide 21 to the radial line slot antenna 20 , so that the radius or the cross sectional area of the center conductor 21 B gradually increases towards the slot plate 16 .
- the rapid change in impedance caused by the joint/power supply unit is smoothed by forming such a taper structure, which results in a great reduction of reflective waves caused by the rapid change in impedance.
- FIG. 3A is an expanded diagram showing in detail the construction of the joint/microwave supplying unit between the coaxial waveguide 21 and the radial line slot antenna 20 of the plasma processing apparatus 10 of FIG. 2A.
- the slots 16 a and 16 b formed on the slot plate 16 are not shown to simplify the drawing.
- the inner conductor 21 B has a circular cross section having a diameter of 16.9 mm.
- a 4 mm-thick alumina plate having a relative permittivity of 10.1 is formed between the slot plate 16 and the antenna body 17 as the retardation plate 18 .
- the outer waveguide 21 A defines a cylindrical space having a circular cross section having an inner diameter of 38.8 mm in which the inner conductor 21 B is provided.
- the cross sectional area of the inner conductor 21 B is gradually increased from 7 mm above the joint between the inner conductor 21 B and the slot plate 16 to the joint.
- the inner conductor 21 B has a circular cross section of a diameter of 23 mm at the joint.
- FIG. 4 shows the reflective ratio of microwave provided to the antenna 20 through the waveguide 21 in the case where the radial line slot antenna 20 and the waveguide 21 are used as shown in FIG. 3A, and the parameter āaā shown in FIG. 3A is set at 6.4 mm.
- the reflective ratio is indicated by āā¢ā.
- ā*ā shown in FIG. 4 indicates a reflective ratio of the construction shown in FIG. 3B to which the taper units 21 At and 21 Bt are not provided.
- the reflective microwave includes not only the microwave reflected by the joint/supplying unit between the waveguide 21 the radial line antenna 20 , but also the microwave reflected by the plasma.
- the reflective ratio is about ā 2 dB regardless of a frequency, which means about 80% of the microwave is reflectively returned to the waveguide 21 and the microwave source connected to the waveguide 21 .
- the reflective ratio depends on the frequency of the microwave.
- the reflective ratio becomes the minimum ā 23 dB (about 14%) in the neighborhood of 2.4 GHz at which the plasma is excited.
- FIG. 5 shows a microwave reflection factor measured by a power monitor provided between the waveguide 21 and the microwave source in the case of the antenna construction shown in FIG. 3A under the following condition: the inner pressure in the processing vessel being set at 133 Pa (about 1 Torr), Ar and 0 2 being supplied from the shower plate 14 at a flux of 690 SCCM and 23 SCCM, respectively, and microwaves of a frequency 2.45 GHz and a power of 1.6 kW is supplied from the waveguide 21 to the radial line slot antenna 20 .
- the reflective factor includes not only the reflection of microwave by the joint between the waveguide 21 and the antenna 20 , but also the reflection by the plasma formed under the shower plate 14 in the processing vessel 11 .
- the reflective ratio is about 80% (the factor of reflection ā 0.8), but in the case of the joint construction of FIG. 3A, the reflective ratio is reduced to about 30% (the factor of reflection ā 0.3) and substantially constant. Since the reflection ratio at the joint unit between the coaxial waveguide 21 and the radial line antenna 20 is about 14% as shown in FIG. 4, the reflective ratio of about 30% as shown in FIG. 5 includes the reflection by the plasma.
- FIG. 6 is a bottom view showing the construction of the process gas supply structure 31 of FIG. 2A.
- the process gas supply structure 31 is formed by a conductive body such as an Al alloy containing Mg or a stainless steel added with Al.
- the lattice shaped gas passage 31 A is connected to the process gas inlet port 11 r at a process gas supply port 31 R and releases the process gas uniformly into the foregoing space 11 C from the process gas nozzle apertures 31 B formed at the bottom surface. Further, openings 31 C are formed in the process gas supply structure 31 between the adjacent process gas passages 31 A for passing the plasma or the process gas contained in the plasma therethrough.
- the process gas supply structure 31 is formed of an Al alloy containing Mg, it is preferable to form a fluoride film on the surface thereof.
- the process gas supplying structure 31 is formed of a stainless steel added with Al, it is preferable to form a passivation film of aluminum oxide on the surface thereof.
- the energy of incident plasma is low because of the low electron temperature of the excited plasma, and the problem of metal contamination of the substrate 12 by the sputtering of the process gas supply structure 31 is avoided.
- the lattice shaped process gas passages 31 A and the process gas nozzle apertures 31 B are formed so as to encompass an area slightly larger than the substrate 12 represented in FIG. 4 by a broken line.
- the process gas supply structure 31 can form a shunting plane of the microwaves by setting the interval between the lattice shaped process gas passages 31 A shorter than the microwave wavelength.
- the microwave excitation.of plasma takes place only in the space 11 B, and there occurs excitation of the process gas in the space 11 C including the surface of the substrate 12 by the plasma that has caused diffusion from the excitation space 11 B.
- such a construction can prevent the substrate from being exposed directly to the microwave at the time of ignition of the plasma, and thus, damaging of the substrate by the microwave is avoided.
- the supply of the process gas is controlled uniformly by the process gas supply structure 31 , and the problem of excessive dissociation of the process gas on the surface of the substrate 12 is eliminated.
- the microwave plasma processing apparatus 10 is effective for fabricating various semiconductor devices of different generations characterized by different design rules.
- FIG. 7 shows the schematic construction of the microwave source connected to the coaxial waveguide 21 of FIG. 2A.
- the coaxial waveguide is connected to an edge of the waveguide extending from an oscillation part 25 including therein a magnetron 25 A oscillating at the frequency of 2.45 GHz or 8.3 GHz via an isolator 24 , a power monitor 23 and a tuner 22 in this order.
- the microwave formed by the oscillator 25 is supplied to the radial line slot antenna 20 , and the microwave reflected back from the high-density plasma formed in the plasma processing apparatus 10 is returned again to the radial line slot antenna 20 after conducting an impedance adjustment by the tuner 22 .
- the isolator 24 is an element having directivity and functions so as to protect the magnetron 25 A in the oscillation part 25 from the reflection wave.
- the rapid change in impedance caused by the joint is reduced by forming the taper units 21 At and 21 Bt at the joint, or the power supplying unit, between the coaxial waveguide 21 and the radial line slot antenna 20 .
- the reflection of microwaves caused by the rapid change in impedance is suppressed, which makes the supplying of microwaves from the coaxial waveguide 21 to the antenna 20 stable.
- the distance between the shower plate 14 exposed to the heat caused by the plasma and the cooling unit is reduced substantially, compared with the conventional microwave plasma processing apparatus of FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- a material such as Al 2 O 3 having a small dielectric loss and also a small thermal conductivity for the microwave transmission window in place of AlN, which is characterized by large dielectric loss.
- the efficiency of plasma processing and hence the processing rate are improved while simultaneously suppressing the temperature rise of the shower plate.
- the gas including the reaction byproduct formed in the space 11 C as a result of the substrate processing forms a stable gas flow to the space 11 A at the outer surrounding area because of the reduced distance between the shower plate 14 and the substrate 12 facing the shower plate 14 , and the byproduct is removed from the space 11 C quickly.
- the temperature of the outer wall of the processing vessel 11 to be about 150Ā° C., it becomes possible to substantially eliminate the deposition of the reaction byproduct on the inner wall of the processing vessel 11 , and the processing apparatus 10 quickly becomes ready for the next process.
- FIG. 9 shows the construction of the joint/supplying unit between the coaxial waveguide 21 and the radial line antenna 20 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- portions previously described are referred to by the same reference numerals, and their description will be omitted.
- the outer waveguide 21 A constructing the coaxial waveguide 21 and the body 17 of the radial line antenna 20 are connected perpendicularly to each other forming the joint/supplying unit that is perpendicularly bent.
- the inner conductor 21 B is also connected to the slot plate 16 perpendicularly.
- the retardation plate 18 is made of Al 2 O 3 having a high relative permittivity, and a ring-shaped member 18 A made of SiO 2 , for example, is formed between the outer waveguide 21 A and the inner conductor 21 B so that an end of the member 18 A contacts the retardation plate 18 .
- the impedance changes stepwise, and the reflective waves are reduced.
- the length of the member 18 A can be optimized based on the property of the antenna structure of the coaxial waveguide 21 and the antenna 20 .
- the second edge face opposing the first edge face in contact with the retardation plate 18 is exposed to air.
- the ring-shaped member 18 A may be made of sintered mixture of SiO 2 and Si 3 N 4 having different permittivity, and the mixture ratio of SiO 2 and Si 3 N 4 in the ring-shaped member 18 A may be controlled so that the permittivity continuously increases from the first edge face to the second edge face.
- FIG. 12 shows the construction of the joint unit between the coaxial waveguide 21 and the radial line antenna 20 according to another variation of the present embodiment.
- portions previously described are referred to by the same reference numeral, and their description will be omitted.
- the second edge face of the ring-shaped member 18 A is considered to be a taper surface, and the thickness of the ring-shaped member 18 A is linearly increased toward the retardation plate 18 .
- the impedance of the joint/supplying unit increases continuously toward the retardation plate 18 , and reflection caused by the rapid change in impedance is reduced, which results in an efficient and stable supply of microwaves.
- the ring-shaped member 18 A may be coupled with the construction of FIG. 3A having taper surfaces 21 At and 21 Bt.
- the ring-shaped member 18 A is not limited to that of FIG. 9, but may be any construction of FIGS. 9 through 13.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the construction of a plasma processing apparatus 10 A according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- the parts described earlier are referred to by the same reference numerals, and their description is omitted.
- the shower plate 14 is removed, and a plurality of plasma gas inlets 11 P are formed, preferably in symmetry, in communication with the gas passage lip in the processing vessel 11 .
- the construction is simplified, and the fabrication cost can be reduced substantially.
- the reflection of microwaves is reduced by forming the taper surfaces 21 At and 21 Bt in the joint/supplying unit between the radial line slot antenna 20 and the coaxial waveguide 21 , which results in an increase in the power supplying efficiency, a reduction in abnormal discharge caused by the reflective waves, and an increased stability of the plasma formation.
- the construction of the joint unit is not limited to that shown in FIG. 3A, and any construction of FIGS. 8 through 14 can be used.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the construction of a microwave plasma processing apparatus 10 B according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- parts that have been previously described are referred to by the same numerals, and their description will be omitted.
- the process gas supply structure 31 is removed. Additionally, the entire face of the extending part 11 b holding the shower plate 14 is rounded out.
- the plasma processing apparatus 10 B thus constructed cannot perform film-forming or etching by supplying a process gas besides the plasma gas since the lower shower plate 31 is removed.
- the plasma processing apparatus 10 B can form an oxidized layer, a nitrified layer, or an oxidized-nitrified layer by supplying an oxidizing gas or a nitrifying gas from the shower plate 14 together with the plasma gas.
- the reflection of microwaves is reduced by forming the taper surfaces 21 At and 21 Bt in the joint/supplying unit between the radial line slot antenna 20 and the coaxial waveguide 21 , which results in an increase in the power supplying efficiency, a reduction in abnormal discharge caused by the reflective waves, and an increased stability of the plasma formation.
- the construction of the joint unit is not limited to that shown in FIG. 3A, and any construction of FIGS. 8 through 14 can be used.
- the joint/supplying structure according to the present invention is not limited to the plasma processing apparatus 10 of FIG. 2A or its variation, and is applicable to the plasma processing apparatus 100 using a conventional radial line slot antenna previously described by referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- FIG. 17 shows the construction of a plasma processing apparatus 100 A according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention using the joint/supplying structure of the present invention.
- the parts previously described are referred to by the same numerals, and their description will be omitted.
- the plasma processing apparatus 100 A has substantially the same construction as the conventional plasma processing apparatus 100 , but is different in that the plasma processing apparatus 100 A includes taper surfaces similar to the taper surfaces 21 At and 21 Bt in the joint unit between the coaxial waveguide 110 A and the radial slot antenna body 110 B or the slot plate 110 D.
- the reflection of microwaves is reduced by forming the taper surfaces in the joint/supplying unit between the coaxial waveguide 110 A and the radial line slot antenna, which results in an increase in the power supplying efficiency, a reduction in abnormal discharge caused by the reflective waves, and an increased stability of the plasma formation.
- the construction of the joint unit is not limited to that shown in FIG. 3A, and any construction of FIGS. 8 through 14 can be used.
- FIG. 18 is a cross sectional view showing the entire construction of a semiconductor fabrication apparatus 40 according to a sixth embodiment,of the present invention including the microwave plasma processing apparatus 10 of FIGS. 2A and 2B.
- the semiconductor fabrication apparatus 40 includes a vacuum transfer room 401 provided with a robot 405 having a transportation arm 415 , and the microwave plasma processing apparatus 10 is formed on the top face of the vacuum transfer room 401 .
- the stage 13 can be moved up and down by a cylinder 406 covered by a bellows 410 .
- the substrate 12 is set or taken out by the transportation arm 415 .
- the substrate 12 is shut off from the vacuum transfer room 401 by a seal 410 A and processed as desired.
- a load lock room 402 having a stage 418 to hold a stack of substrates is provided at another position on the upper side of the vacuum transfer room 401 .
- the load rock room 402 is shut off from the vacuum transfer room 401 by a seal 417 .
- the substrate stack 404 descends to the vacuum transfer room 401 , and the transportation arm 415 picks up a substrate from the substrate stack 404 or returns a processed substrate thereto.
- FIG. 19 shows the construction of an exhaustion system of the process unit A.
- each exhaustion port 11 a of the processing vessel 11 is connected to a duct D 1 , and a gas in the processing vessel 11 is exhausted by screw molecular pumps P 1 and P 2 , each having a construction as shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B, provided in the duct D 1 .
- the screw molecular pumps P 1 and P 2 are connected, at their exhaustion side, to an exhaustion line D 2 commonly provided to the other processing units B and C of the semiconductor fabrication apparatus 40 .
- the exhaustion line D 2 is connected to an exhaustion line D 3 commonly provided to the other semiconductor fabrication apparatuses via an intermediate booster pump P 3 .
- FIG. 20A shows the construction of the screw molecular pumps P 1 and P 2 .
- the screw molecular pump has a cylindrical body 51 and a pump inlet at an end part of the body 51 and a pump outlet on the sidewall of the body 51 near the bottom part.
- a rotor 52 shown in FIG. 20B In the body 51 , there is provided a rotor 52 shown in FIG. 20B, and a gradational lead screw 52 A is formed on the rotor 52 .
- the gradational lead screw 52 A has a construction in which there is a large pitch formed at the pump inlet part and the pitch is decreased toward the outlet. Associated with this, the lead angle of the screw is decreased gradually from the inlet side toward the outlet side. Further, the volume of the pump chamber is decreased gradually from the inlet side toward the outlet side.
- the screw molecular pump of FIG. 20A includes a motor 53 provided in the rotor 52 , an angle detector 54 detecting the angular position of the rotor 52 and a magnet 55 cooperating with the angle detector 54 , wherein the rotor 52 is urged toward the outlet side by an electromagnet mechanism 56 .
- Such a screw molecular pump has a simple construction and is operable over a wide pressure range from the atmospheric pressure to several millitorrs with small electric power consumption. Further, the screw pump can obtain a pumping speed reaching 320 mL/min, which is larger than the pumping speed of conventional turbo molecular pumps.
- FIG. 21 shows the construction of a gradational lead screw pump (GLSP) 60 used for the intermediate booster pump P 3 for evacuating the screw pumps P 1 and P 2 in the construction of FIG. 19.
- GLSP gradational lead screw pump
- the gradational lead screw pump includes, in a pump body 61 having an inlet 61 A at an end and outlets 63 A and 63 B at another end, a pair of screw rotors 62 A and 62 B each changing a screw pitch thereof gradually from an inlet side to an outlet side as shown in FIG. 20B, in a meshing relationship of the screws, wherein the rotors 62 A and 62 B are driven by a motor 64 via gears 63 A and 63 B.
- the gradational lead screw pump 60 of such a construction is operable over a wide pressure range from ordinary pressure to a low pressure of as much as 10 ā 4 Torr, and can achieve a flow rate reaching 2,500 L/min.
- the back pump P 4 can operate at the most efficient pressure range by exhausting the exhausted gas from the other semiconductor fabrication apparatus, which results in a substantially reduced power consumption.
- FIG. 22 shows the construction of the gas supplying system cooperating with each of the processing units A-C in the semiconductor fabrication apparatus 40 of FIG. 18.
- the semiconductor fabrication apparatus 40 avoids deposition of reaction byproduct formed associated with the substrate processing on the processing vessel 11 of the microwave plasma processing apparatus 10 by maintaining the processing vessel 11 at a temperature of about 150Ā° C.
- the processing unit of FIG. 19 has a feature that the memory or hysteresis of the preceding processing can be erased completely without conducting a specific cleaning process.
- one or two gases selected fro N 2 , Kr, Ar, H 2 , NF 3 , C 4 F 8 , CHF 3 , O 2 , CO, HBr, SiCl 4 and the like are supplied to the plasma gas inlet port lip provided on the processing vessel 11 in communication with the shower plate 14 through the first and/or second flow rate control apparatuses FCS 1 and FCS 2 , and one or more gases selected from N 2 , Kr, Ar, H 2 , NF 3 , C 4 F 8 , CHF 3 , O 2 , CO, HBr, SiCl 4 and the like, are supplied to the process gas inlet port 11 r communicating with the process gas supply structure 30 via the third through seventh flow rate control apparatuses FCS 3 -FCS 7 .
- the semiconductor fabrication apparatus 40 it is noted that not only the plasma processing apparatus 10 but also the plasma processing apparatuses according to the modifications thereof, or the plasma processing apparatuses 10 A and 10 B according to other embodiments can also be used.
- the rapid change in impedance caused by the joint between the coaxial waveguide providing microwaves and the microwave antenna radiating the microwaves in the processing vessel of the plasma processing apparatus is reduced.
- the reflection of microwaves caused by the rapid change in impedance is suppressed, which results in forming stable microwave plasma in the processing vessel.
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60220039T2 (de) | 2008-01-10 |
KR20030004428A (ko) | 2003-01-14 |
KR100486673B1 (ko) | 2005-05-03 |
US7670454B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 |
CN1298027C (zh) | 2007-01-31 |
WO2002080250A1 (fr) | 2002-10-10 |
US20060118241A1 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
ATE362197T1 (de) | 2007-06-15 |
JP2002299314A (ja) | 2002-10-11 |
EP1376669A4 (fr) | 2006-01-04 |
EP1376669B1 (fr) | 2007-05-09 |
IL153155A0 (en) | 2003-06-24 |
EP1376669A1 (fr) | 2004-01-02 |
JP4727057B2 (ja) | 2011-07-20 |
DE60220039D1 (de) | 2007-06-21 |
CN1460285A (zh) | 2003-12-03 |
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