US20030012679A1 - Gold alloys and master alloys for obtaining them - Google Patents

Gold alloys and master alloys for obtaining them Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030012679A1
US20030012679A1 US10/156,386 US15638602A US2003012679A1 US 20030012679 A1 US20030012679 A1 US 20030012679A1 US 15638602 A US15638602 A US 15638602A US 2003012679 A1 US2003012679 A1 US 2003012679A1
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Prior art keywords
gold
alloy
weight
silicon
germanium
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Massimo Poliero
Andrea Basso
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LEG OR Srl
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/02—Alloys based on gold

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to gold alloys and to master alloys for obtaining them, mainly for the manufacturing of precious items such as jewellery and gold works, coins and medals.
  • One of the fundamental goals in jewelry is to obtain gold alloys exhibiting good fluidity (i.e. a good ability to fill and replicate wax patterns) at the moment of casting, and finished articles which have a bright outer surface and a good mechanical properties.
  • Silicon deoxidized alloys are widely used for investment casting in jewelry manufacturing.
  • the main advantages of silicon are primarily related to its strong affinity with oxygen, thus preventing zinc and copper oxidation.
  • Such inclusions can appear on the surface of the finished piece after the final work process, entailing either the rework of the piece, or its discarding.
  • the main disadvantages related to the aforementioned invention are related to the inability of germanium to produce bright and oxidation free castings especially when melting and casting processes are carried out in presence of small amounts of oxygen. It must be pointed out how, even in high quality undervacuum casting equipments used for jewelry manufacturing, the oxygen presence in small amounts cannot be removed completely.
  • the technical task constituting the basis of the present invention is to provide gold alloys and master alloys for obtaining them which overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the technical task of the present invention is to provide gold alloys and master alloys for obtaining them, which exhibit excellent fluidity in the molten state, brightness and mechanical resistance.
  • Germanium in the percentage of employment described in the present invention, possesses a remarkable ability to increase fluidity, this to be considered similar or superior to silicon. As described below, this property can be highlighted in comparative melting tests between silicon based alloys and germanium based alloys, the latter described in the present invention.
  • germanium and silicon allows at the same time to combine the positive effect of the silicon on brightness of the jewels and the high fluidity of the alloy provided by the germanium.
  • germanium concentrations varying between 0.05% and 2% by weight have led to an increasing of fluidity deemed to be similar or even greater than silicon. Furthermore, on the basis of our studies, germanium does not show any effect on grain enlargement, even when used at significantly higher concentrations in comparison to silicon.
  • Germanium based alloys show an improvement on ductility.
  • Germanium and Phosphorus allows to reduce the minimum silicon amount to be added in order to obtain bright and oxidation free castings.
  • germanium or germanium and phosphorus with small quantities of silicon allows to obtain “clean and shiny” castings, with no degradation of mechanical properties as can be observed in traditional based alloys where the sole silicon in larger amounts is employed.
  • FIG. 1 shows in graph form the effect of different elements and compounds on the grain size of a gold alloy
  • FIG. 2 shows in graph form the effect of the quantity of silicon and germanium on the grain size of the gold alloy
  • FIG. 3 shows in graph form the effect of the elements and compounds of FIG. 1 on the tensile strength of the gold alloy obtained therewith;
  • a first gold alloy of the present invention comprises at least the following elements:
  • germanium Ge ⁇ 2%
  • a second gold alloy further comprises silicon: 0.015% ⁇ Si ⁇ 0.3%, with reference to the total weight of the alloy.
  • the gold alloy can contain (with percentages expressed in weight):
  • nickel Ni ⁇ 20%
  • the alloy can also contain, in a proportion not exceeding 4% by weight, at least one of the elements of the group constituted by cobalt, manganese, tin and indium.
  • one ore more deoxidizing elements such as magnesium, silicon, boron and lithium can also be added, each in a proportion not exceeding 0.15% by weight.
  • the alloy can also comprise refining elements such as ruthenium, rhenium and platinum in a suitable quantity and preferably not exceeding 0.4% by weight.
  • a first preferred range is the one associated with obtaining 18 carat gold, in which the quantity of gold present in the alloy is between 74% and 77% by weight.
  • a second preferred range is the one associated with obtaining 14 carat gold, in which the quantity of gold present in the alloy is between 57% and 60% by weight.
  • a third preferred range is the one associated with obtaining 8 carat gold, in which the quantity of gold present in the alloy is between 33% and 35% by weight.
  • a fourth preferred range is the one associated with obtaining 9 carat gold, in which the quantity of gold present in the alloy is between 37% and 39% by weight.
  • a fifth preferred range is the one associated with obtaining 10 carat gold, in which the quantity of gold present in the alloy is between 40% and 43% by weight.
  • master alloys for obtaining the above gold alloys they are composed at least by:
  • Germanium Ge ⁇ 4%
  • the master alloy can also comprise, as a weight percentage relative to the total weight of the master alloy:
  • nickel Ni ⁇ 41%
  • the master alloy can include, in quantities not exceeding 8% by weight, at least one of the elements of the group constituted by cobalt, manganese, tin and indium.
  • the master alloy can further include, in quantities not exceeding 0.56% by weight, at least one of the deoxidizing elements of the group constituted by magnesium, silicon, boron and lithium.
  • At least one of the refining elements of the group constituted by ruthenium, rhenium and platinum can be inserted in the master alloy, in quantities not exceeding 0.96% by weight.
  • a 14 carat yellow gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows: Gold 58.5 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Silver 8.0 Zinc 6.0 Iridium 0.01 Germanium 0.4 Phosphorus: 0.01 Silicon 0.06 Copper, sufficient to reach 100.
  • a 18 carat yellow gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows: Gold 75.0 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Silver 15.0 Iridium 0.01 Germanium 0.2 Phosphorus: 0.01 Copper sufficient to reach 100.
  • a 18 carat yellow gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows: Gold 75.0 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Silver 12.5 Zinc 0.5 Germanium 0.25 Silicon 0.04 Copper sufficient to reach 100 (in this specific case 11.71%).
  • a 14 carat white gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows: Gold 58.5 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Nickel 8.5 Zinc 8.0 Iridium 0.01 Germanium 0.4 Phosphorus: 0.01 Copper sufficient to reach 100.
  • a 18 carat white gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows: Gold 75.0 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Nickel 7.5 Zinc 3.5 Iridium 0.01 Germanium 0.25 Phosphorus: 0.01 Copper sufficient to reach 100.
  • a 8 carat yellow gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage Gold 33.3 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Silver 13.0 Zinc 10.0 Germanium 0.4 Silicon 0.2 Iridium 0.02 Copper sufficient to reach 100 (in this specific case 43.08%).
  • a 10 carat yellow gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows: Gold 41.7 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Silver 11.0 Zinc 8.7 Germanium 0.3 Silicon 0.15 Iridium 0.017 Copper sufficient to reach 100 (in this specific case 38.13%
  • a preferential process comprises the following phases:
  • a preferential process comprises the following phases:
  • FIG. 1 shows the variation in the dimensions of the crystal grain of the alloy as a result of the addition, thereto, of the elements and compounds indicated in the x-coordinate. It is evident that the influence of only silicon (Si) on the increase in grain size is considerably higher than the influence of germanium (Ge).
  • FIG. 2 shows the effect of the concentration of silicon and germanium alone, on the grain dimension of the gold alloy.
  • a low concentration of silicon in the graph from 0 to 300 ppm, entails a considerable increase in crystal grain size, even exceeding the size increase caused by additions of germanium in concentrations that are 10 times greater.
  • FIG. 3 shows the (positive or negative) variation of the maximum load bearable by the alloy, following the addition to the alloy of equal quantities of the different elements or compounds indicated in the x-coordinate (good both germanium alone, and germanium plus Copper plus silicon).
  • germanium instead of, or together with, silicon also yielded positive effects on the percent of lengthening of the alloy following the tensile test.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US10/156,386 2001-05-30 2002-05-29 Gold alloys and master alloys for obtaining them Abandoned US20030012679A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01830349A EP1266974B1 (de) 2001-05-30 2001-05-30 Goldlegierungen und Vorlegierungen zu deren Herstellung
EPEP-01830349.5 2001-05-30

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US20030012679A1 true US20030012679A1 (en) 2003-01-16

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US (1) US20030012679A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1266974B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE278045T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60105987D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2227106T3 (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050100471A1 (en) * 2002-09-13 2005-05-12 Taylor Arthur D. White gold alloy
US20080206091A1 (en) * 2007-02-26 2008-08-28 Guner Kuyumculuk Kalip Makina Sanayi Ve Ticaret Limited Sirketi Novelty in the Method for the Combination of Gold and the Other Minerals
US20080297363A1 (en) * 2007-05-30 2008-12-04 Yasushi Fukushige Domestic electric appliance notification system, portable terminal apparatus, domestic electric appliance, and operation completion notifying method
US20090317292A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-24 Gertge Annette T Variable karat gold alloys
US20090317291A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-24 Annette Gertge Variable karat gold alloys
US20100322818A1 (en) * 2009-05-12 2010-12-23 Todd Cleabert Bridgeman Gold alloys
CN102386545A (zh) * 2011-03-11 2012-03-21 清华大学深圳研究生院 一种含稀土元素的滑动电接触材料制造工艺
RU2507284C1 (ru) * 2012-12-13 2014-02-20 Федеральное Государственное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Сибирский Федеральный Университет" Способ модифицирования сплавов на основе золота
ITVI20130118A1 (it) * 2013-04-24 2014-10-25 Progold S P A Metodo per la produzione di leghe d¿oro bianco per la realizzazione di prodotti in materiale prezioso
US9005522B2 (en) 2012-08-30 2015-04-14 Jostens, Inc. Silver alloy
IT202100017651A1 (it) * 2021-07-05 2023-01-05 Metaltech S R L Lega madre per la realizzazione di leghe di un metallo prezioso, metodo di produzione della lega madre e lega d’oro comprendente la lega madre

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2418432A (en) * 2004-09-23 2006-03-29 Middlesex Silver Co Ltd Silver alloy and its production using a master metal
GB2434376A (en) * 2006-01-23 2007-07-25 Middlesex Silver Co Ltd Making boron containing gold alloys using a master alloy
RU2476615C1 (ru) * 2012-03-07 2013-02-27 Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина Сплав на основе золота
ITPD20130002A1 (it) * 2013-01-11 2014-07-12 Legor Group S P A Composizione di lega madre per la produzione di leghe di oro bianco e lega di oro bianco così ottenuta
ITPD20130003A1 (it) * 2013-01-11 2014-07-12 Legor Group S P A Composizione di lega madre per la produzione di leghe di oro con innovativo sistema di affinatori e lega di oro ottenuta mediante tale composizione di lega madre
WO2015193659A2 (en) * 2014-06-16 2015-12-23 Allied Gold Limited Alloy compositions
WO2016084038A2 (en) * 2014-11-28 2016-06-02 Peretti Diego Master alloy used for making a white gold alloy
RU2604145C1 (ru) * 2015-07-17 2016-12-10 Сергей Алексеевич Костин Сплав на основе золота, упрочненный интерметаллидами, содержащими кобальт, (варианты)
RU2626260C1 (ru) * 2016-08-17 2017-07-25 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский федеральный университет" Способ изготовления биметаллической проволоки из драгоценных металлов
RU2652900C1 (ru) * 2016-12-06 2018-05-03 Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина Сплав на основе золота
CN116917549A (zh) * 2021-02-23 2023-10-20 意大利菲美特有限公司 用于电镀电沉积的方法以及相关的电镀池

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US3841921A (en) * 1973-03-02 1974-10-15 Olin Corp Process for treating copper alloys to improve creep resistance
US3956027A (en) * 1975-04-09 1976-05-11 Olin Corporation Processing copper base alloys
US4780275A (en) * 1984-08-25 1988-10-25 William Prym-Werke Gmbh. & Co. Kg. Corrosion-resistant copper alloy and article containing the same
US6471792B1 (en) * 1998-11-16 2002-10-29 Olin Corporation Stress relaxation resistant brass

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DE3019277A1 (de) * 1980-05-21 1981-11-26 Fa. Dr. Th. Wieland, 7530 Pforzheim Kupferfreie goldlegierung fuer zahnaerztliche zwecke
JPS63169347A (ja) * 1986-12-29 1988-07-13 Tokuriki Honten Co Ltd 装飾用白色Ａｕ合金
EP0381994B1 (de) * 1989-02-09 1995-09-27 C. HAFNER GmbH & Co. Hochgoldhaltige Legierung für Schmuckzwecke
JPH06330206A (ja) * 1993-05-19 1994-11-29 Nippon Steel Corp 微細な結晶粒からなるＡｕ‐Ｇｅ合金ろう材
DE4320928C1 (de) * 1993-06-24 1994-03-17 Heraeus Kulzer Gmbh Gold-Schmucklegierungen und ihre Verwendung
JP3317434B2 (ja) * 1995-12-01 2002-08-26 住友金属鉱山株式会社 金合金およびその製造方法
JPH11792A (ja) * 1997-06-11 1999-01-06 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd 高品位金ろう材

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3841921A (en) * 1973-03-02 1974-10-15 Olin Corp Process for treating copper alloys to improve creep resistance
US3956027A (en) * 1975-04-09 1976-05-11 Olin Corporation Processing copper base alloys
US4780275A (en) * 1984-08-25 1988-10-25 William Prym-Werke Gmbh. & Co. Kg. Corrosion-resistant copper alloy and article containing the same
US6471792B1 (en) * 1998-11-16 2002-10-29 Olin Corporation Stress relaxation resistant brass

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050100471A1 (en) * 2002-09-13 2005-05-12 Taylor Arthur D. White gold alloy
US20080206091A1 (en) * 2007-02-26 2008-08-28 Guner Kuyumculuk Kalip Makina Sanayi Ve Ticaret Limited Sirketi Novelty in the Method for the Combination of Gold and the Other Minerals
US20080297363A1 (en) * 2007-05-30 2008-12-04 Yasushi Fukushige Domestic electric appliance notification system, portable terminal apparatus, domestic electric appliance, and operation completion notifying method
US20110171060A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2011-07-14 Annette Gertge Variable karat gold alloys
US20110226091A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2011-09-22 Annette Gertge Variable karat gold alloys
US20090317291A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-24 Annette Gertge Variable karat gold alloys
US20110171059A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2011-07-14 Annette Gertge Variable karat gold alloys
US20110171061A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2011-07-14 Annette Gertge Variable karat gold alloys
US20090317292A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-24 Gertge Annette T Variable karat gold alloys
US20110176956A1 (en) * 2008-06-20 2011-07-21 Gertge Annette T Variable karat gold alloys
US20100322818A1 (en) * 2009-05-12 2010-12-23 Todd Cleabert Bridgeman Gold alloys
US9428821B2 (en) * 2009-05-12 2016-08-30 Jostens, Inc. Gold alloys
CN102386545A (zh) * 2011-03-11 2012-03-21 清华大学深圳研究生院 一种含稀土元素的滑动电接触材料制造工艺
US9005522B2 (en) 2012-08-30 2015-04-14 Jostens, Inc. Silver alloy
RU2507284C1 (ru) * 2012-12-13 2014-02-20 Федеральное Государственное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Сибирский Федеральный Университет" Способ модифицирования сплавов на основе золота
ITVI20130118A1 (it) * 2013-04-24 2014-10-25 Progold S P A Metodo per la produzione di leghe d¿oro bianco per la realizzazione di prodotti in materiale prezioso
IT202100017651A1 (it) * 2021-07-05 2023-01-05 Metaltech S R L Lega madre per la realizzazione di leghe di un metallo prezioso, metodo di produzione della lega madre e lega d’oro comprendente la lega madre

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2227106T3 (es) 2005-04-01
ATE278045T1 (de) 2004-10-15
EP1266974B1 (de) 2004-09-29
DE60105987D1 (de) 2004-11-04
EP1266974A1 (de) 2002-12-18

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