US20030012679A1 - Gold alloys and master alloys for obtaining them - Google Patents
Gold alloys and master alloys for obtaining them Download PDFInfo
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- US20030012679A1 US20030012679A1 US10/156,386 US15638602A US2003012679A1 US 20030012679 A1 US20030012679 A1 US 20030012679A1 US 15638602 A US15638602 A US 15638602A US 2003012679 A1 US2003012679 A1 US 2003012679A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/02—Alloys based on gold
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- the present invention relates to gold alloys and to master alloys for obtaining them, mainly for the manufacturing of precious items such as jewellery and gold works, coins and medals.
- One of the fundamental goals in jewelry is to obtain gold alloys exhibiting good fluidity (i.e. a good ability to fill and replicate wax patterns) at the moment of casting, and finished articles which have a bright outer surface and a good mechanical properties.
- Silicon deoxidized alloys are widely used for investment casting in jewelry manufacturing.
- the main advantages of silicon are primarily related to its strong affinity with oxygen, thus preventing zinc and copper oxidation.
- Such inclusions can appear on the surface of the finished piece after the final work process, entailing either the rework of the piece, or its discarding.
- the main disadvantages related to the aforementioned invention are related to the inability of germanium to produce bright and oxidation free castings especially when melting and casting processes are carried out in presence of small amounts of oxygen. It must be pointed out how, even in high quality undervacuum casting equipments used for jewelry manufacturing, the oxygen presence in small amounts cannot be removed completely.
- the technical task constituting the basis of the present invention is to provide gold alloys and master alloys for obtaining them which overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the technical task of the present invention is to provide gold alloys and master alloys for obtaining them, which exhibit excellent fluidity in the molten state, brightness and mechanical resistance.
- Germanium in the percentage of employment described in the present invention, possesses a remarkable ability to increase fluidity, this to be considered similar or superior to silicon. As described below, this property can be highlighted in comparative melting tests between silicon based alloys and germanium based alloys, the latter described in the present invention.
- germanium and silicon allows at the same time to combine the positive effect of the silicon on brightness of the jewels and the high fluidity of the alloy provided by the germanium.
- germanium concentrations varying between 0.05% and 2% by weight have led to an increasing of fluidity deemed to be similar or even greater than silicon. Furthermore, on the basis of our studies, germanium does not show any effect on grain enlargement, even when used at significantly higher concentrations in comparison to silicon.
- Germanium based alloys show an improvement on ductility.
- Germanium and Phosphorus allows to reduce the minimum silicon amount to be added in order to obtain bright and oxidation free castings.
- germanium or germanium and phosphorus with small quantities of silicon allows to obtain “clean and shiny” castings, with no degradation of mechanical properties as can be observed in traditional based alloys where the sole silicon in larger amounts is employed.
- FIG. 1 shows in graph form the effect of different elements and compounds on the grain size of a gold alloy
- FIG. 2 shows in graph form the effect of the quantity of silicon and germanium on the grain size of the gold alloy
- FIG. 3 shows in graph form the effect of the elements and compounds of FIG. 1 on the tensile strength of the gold alloy obtained therewith;
- a first gold alloy of the present invention comprises at least the following elements:
- germanium Ge ⁇ 2%
- a second gold alloy further comprises silicon: 0.015% ⁇ Si ⁇ 0.3%, with reference to the total weight of the alloy.
- the gold alloy can contain (with percentages expressed in weight):
- nickel Ni ⁇ 20%
- the alloy can also contain, in a proportion not exceeding 4% by weight, at least one of the elements of the group constituted by cobalt, manganese, tin and indium.
- one ore more deoxidizing elements such as magnesium, silicon, boron and lithium can also be added, each in a proportion not exceeding 0.15% by weight.
- the alloy can also comprise refining elements such as ruthenium, rhenium and platinum in a suitable quantity and preferably not exceeding 0.4% by weight.
- a first preferred range is the one associated with obtaining 18 carat gold, in which the quantity of gold present in the alloy is between 74% and 77% by weight.
- a second preferred range is the one associated with obtaining 14 carat gold, in which the quantity of gold present in the alloy is between 57% and 60% by weight.
- a third preferred range is the one associated with obtaining 8 carat gold, in which the quantity of gold present in the alloy is between 33% and 35% by weight.
- a fourth preferred range is the one associated with obtaining 9 carat gold, in which the quantity of gold present in the alloy is between 37% and 39% by weight.
- a fifth preferred range is the one associated with obtaining 10 carat gold, in which the quantity of gold present in the alloy is between 40% and 43% by weight.
- master alloys for obtaining the above gold alloys they are composed at least by:
- Germanium Ge ⁇ 4%
- the master alloy can also comprise, as a weight percentage relative to the total weight of the master alloy:
- nickel Ni ⁇ 41%
- the master alloy can include, in quantities not exceeding 8% by weight, at least one of the elements of the group constituted by cobalt, manganese, tin and indium.
- the master alloy can further include, in quantities not exceeding 0.56% by weight, at least one of the deoxidizing elements of the group constituted by magnesium, silicon, boron and lithium.
- At least one of the refining elements of the group constituted by ruthenium, rhenium and platinum can be inserted in the master alloy, in quantities not exceeding 0.96% by weight.
- a 14 carat yellow gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows: Gold 58.5 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Silver 8.0 Zinc 6.0 Iridium 0.01 Germanium 0.4 Phosphorus: 0.01 Silicon 0.06 Copper, sufficient to reach 100.
- a 18 carat yellow gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows: Gold 75.0 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Silver 15.0 Iridium 0.01 Germanium 0.2 Phosphorus: 0.01 Copper sufficient to reach 100.
- a 18 carat yellow gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows: Gold 75.0 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Silver 12.5 Zinc 0.5 Germanium 0.25 Silicon 0.04 Copper sufficient to reach 100 (in this specific case 11.71%).
- a 14 carat white gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows: Gold 58.5 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Nickel 8.5 Zinc 8.0 Iridium 0.01 Germanium 0.4 Phosphorus: 0.01 Copper sufficient to reach 100.
- a 18 carat white gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows: Gold 75.0 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Nickel 7.5 Zinc 3.5 Iridium 0.01 Germanium 0.25 Phosphorus: 0.01 Copper sufficient to reach 100.
- a 8 carat yellow gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage Gold 33.3 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Silver 13.0 Zinc 10.0 Germanium 0.4 Silicon 0.2 Iridium 0.02 Copper sufficient to reach 100 (in this specific case 43.08%).
- a 10 carat yellow gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows: Gold 41.7 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Silver 11.0 Zinc 8.7 Germanium 0.3 Silicon 0.15 Iridium 0.017 Copper sufficient to reach 100 (in this specific case 38.13%
- a preferential process comprises the following phases:
- a preferential process comprises the following phases:
- FIG. 1 shows the variation in the dimensions of the crystal grain of the alloy as a result of the addition, thereto, of the elements and compounds indicated in the x-coordinate. It is evident that the influence of only silicon (Si) on the increase in grain size is considerably higher than the influence of germanium (Ge).
- FIG. 2 shows the effect of the concentration of silicon and germanium alone, on the grain dimension of the gold alloy.
- a low concentration of silicon in the graph from 0 to 300 ppm, entails a considerable increase in crystal grain size, even exceeding the size increase caused by additions of germanium in concentrations that are 10 times greater.
- FIG. 3 shows the (positive or negative) variation of the maximum load bearable by the alloy, following the addition to the alloy of equal quantities of the different elements or compounds indicated in the x-coordinate (good both germanium alone, and germanium plus Copper plus silicon).
- germanium instead of, or together with, silicon also yielded positive effects on the percent of lengthening of the alloy following the tensile test.
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Abstract
Gold alloy comprising, by weight, at least Gold Au≧33%, Iridium Ir≦0.4%, germanium Ge≦2%, 0.015% ≦silicon ≦0.3%, Phosphorus ≦0.02% and Copper Cu≦66%. The alloy can also comprise, in percentage by weight, Silver Ag≦34%, nickel Ni≦20% and Zinc Zn≦25%. In some variations the gold alloy can further comprise no more than 4% of at least one of the elements of the group constituted by cobalt, manganese, tin and indium, and no more than 0.15% of at least one of the deoxidizing elements of the group constituted by magnesium, silicon, boron and lithium. To the alloy can also be added at least one of the refining elements of the group constituted by ruthenium, rhenium and platinum in quantities not exceeding 0.4% by weight. The invention further relates to a master alloy for obtaining said gold alloy.
Description
- The present invention relates to gold alloys and to master alloys for obtaining them, mainly for the manufacturing of precious items such as jewellery and gold works, coins and medals.
- One of the fundamental goals in jewelry is to obtain gold alloys exhibiting good fluidity (i.e. a good ability to fill and replicate wax patterns) at the moment of casting, and finished articles which have a bright outer surface and a good mechanical properties.
- Silicon deoxidized alloys are widely used for investment casting in jewelry manufacturing. The main advantages of silicon are primarily related to its strong affinity with oxygen, thus preventing zinc and copper oxidation.
- This gives rise to a protective ability of the silicon, which is manifested either during the production of grains, or the investment casting process.
- However, a considerable drawback of silicon when added to gold alloys is the effect on the enlargement of grain size, leading to brittleness and mechanical failures, with degradation of the mechanical properties (especially in the case of 18 carat gold alloys).
- In order to reduce the grain enlargement due to silicon additions, the addition of a suitable quantity of grain refiners elements such as iridium, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel and rhenium, is nowadays widely used.
- However, this solution too is not totally free of drawbacks.
- It is well known the unique ability of silicon to combine with the refining elements commonly used giving rise to the formation of silicides with consequent formation of high melting intermetallic silicide inclusions commonly known as “hard spots”.
- Such inclusions can appear on the surface of the finished piece after the final work process, entailing either the rework of the piece, or its discarding.
- Another solution is proposed in the patent U.S. Pat. No. 5,384,089, where gold alloys substantially silicon-free are disclosed. In this patent, the addition of germanium as a deoxidizing element for production of yellow gold alloys is disclosed.
- The main disadvantages related to the aforementioned invention are related to the inability of germanium to produce bright and oxidation free castings especially when melting and casting processes are carried out in presence of small amounts of oxygen. It must be pointed out how, even in high quality undervacuum casting equipments used for jewelry manufacturing, the oxygen presence in small amounts cannot be removed completely.
- This drawback emerges dramatically when “stone in place casting” has to be carried out. Articles produced in this way require a casting process able to produce oxidation free surfaces. In fact, brown oxidized casting can be result difficult in polishing treatments, with an impairment of reflectivity properties of gemstones. The aforementioned invention does not allow to obtain completely deoxidized surfaces.
- Furthermore, another drawback of the known alloys, is connected to the fact that during the casting process part of the alloy must be re-melt many times. In fact, in accordance with the known alloys, at each smelting it is necessary to add a new amount of deoxidizing elements, since the old one are combined with the oxygen.
- In this situation the technical task constituting the basis of the present invention is to provide gold alloys and master alloys for obtaining them which overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
- In particular the technical task of the present invention is to provide gold alloys and master alloys for obtaining them, which exhibit excellent fluidity in the molten state, brightness and mechanical resistance.
- The specified technical task and the indicated aims are substantially achieved by gold alloys and master alloys for obtaining them, as described in the accompanying claims.
- Germanium, in the percentage of employment described in the present invention, possesses a remarkable ability to increase fluidity, this to be considered similar or superior to silicon. As described below, this property can be highlighted in comparative melting tests between silicon based alloys and germanium based alloys, the latter described in the present invention.
- In addition, the use of germanium and silicon allows at the same time to combine the positive effect of the silicon on brightness of the jewels and the high fluidity of the alloy provided by the germanium.
- Furthermore, the addition of phosphorus to an alloy comprising germanium and silicon, or only germanium, increases deoxidizing properties and reduces the amount of silicon and germanium removed by oxidation at every cycle of scrap re-use, this due to the higher affinity for oxygen of phosphorus, in comparison to silicon and germanium. As a consequence, the addition of new deoxidizing elements to the scraps to be recycled is largely reduced.
- Moreover, it has also been verified that germanium concentrations varying between 0.05% and 2% by weight have led to an increasing of fluidity deemed to be similar or even greater than silicon. Furthermore, on the basis of our studies, germanium does not show any effect on grain enlargement, even when used at significantly higher concentrations in comparison to silicon.
- Hence, in the case of germanium alloys, with low or no silicon content, mechanical properties of alloys are significantly improved as well, as can be observed from the data illustrated below.
- More precisely, Germanium based alloys show an improvement on ductility.
- Furthermore, the addition of Germanium and Phosphorus allows to reduce the minimum silicon amount to be added in order to obtain bright and oxidation free castings. As a consequence, the combined use of germanium or germanium and phosphorus with small quantities of silicon allows to obtain “clean and shiny” castings, with no degradation of mechanical properties as can be observed in traditional based alloys where the sole silicon in larger amounts is employed.
- Finally, low silicon contents reduce the possibility for hard spots formation.
- The ameliorative effect of germanium on mechanical properties can also be exhibited in nickel based white alloys, as is evident from the formulations described hereafter.
- Further characteristics and the advantages of the present invention shall become more readily evident from the detailed description of some preferred, but not exclusive, embodiments of gold alloys and master alloys for obtaining them, and from the accompanying figures, in which:
- FIG. 1 shows in graph form the effect of different elements and compounds on the grain size of a gold alloy;
- FIG. 2 shows in graph form the effect of the quantity of silicon and germanium on the grain size of the gold alloy;
- FIG. 3 shows in graph form the effect of the elements and compounds of FIG. 1 on the tensile strength of the gold alloy obtained therewith;
- A first gold alloy of the present invention comprises at least the following elements:
- gold: Au≧33%;
- iridium: Ir≦0,4%;
- germanium: Ge≦2%;
- phosphorus: P≦0.02%;
- copper: Cu sufficient to reach 100,
- in the indicated quantities, with reference to the total weight of the alloy.
- A second gold alloy further comprises silicon: 0.015% ≦Si≦0.3%, with reference to the total weight of the alloy.
- In order to better meet specific requirements, to complete the alloy several other chemical elements can also be used.
- More precisely, depending on requirements, the gold alloy can contain (with percentages expressed in weight):
- silver: Ag≦34%;
- nickel: Ni≦20%;
- zinc: Zn≦15%,
- which can be present simultaneously, or otherwise, without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention.
- In particular, the addition of nickel (or other elements having similar properties, and equivalent thereto) in suitable quantity, allows to obtain alloys of so-called white gold.
- Secondarily, the alloy can also contain, in a proportion not exceeding 4% by weight, at least one of the elements of the group constituted by cobalt, manganese, tin and indium.
- To improve the qualities of the alloy, one ore more deoxidizing elements such as magnesium, silicon, boron and lithium can also be added, each in a proportion not exceeding 0.15% by weight.
- Note that, even when silicon is added to the alloy, it is added only in small quantities (in particular not exceeding 0.05% by weight in 18 carat alloys, and not exceeding 0.15% by weight in 14 carat alloys) solely in order to guarantee the protection of the alloy against the formation of oxides, and not to improve its fluidity.
- Due to particular productive requirements in which a particularly reduced grain size is required, the alloy can also comprise refining elements such as ruthenium, rhenium and platinum in a suitable quantity and preferably not exceeding 0.4% by weight.
- For the production of precious objects, moreover, there are five preferential ranges for the quantity of gold present in the alloy.
- A first preferred range is the one associated with obtaining 18 carat gold, in which the quantity of gold present in the alloy is between 74% and 77% by weight.
- A second preferred range is the one associated with obtaining 14 carat gold, in which the quantity of gold present in the alloy is between 57% and 60% by weight.
- A third preferred range is the one associated with obtaining 8 carat gold, in which the quantity of gold present in the alloy is between 33% and 35% by weight.
- A fourth preferred range is the one associated with obtaining 9 carat gold, in which the quantity of gold present in the alloy is between 37% and 39% by weight.
- A fifth preferred range is the one associated with obtaining 10 carat gold, in which the quantity of gold present in the alloy is between 40% and 43% by weight.
- In regard to master alloys for obtaining the above gold alloys, they are composed at least by:
- Iridium: Ir≦0.4%;
- Germanium: Ge≦4%;
- Silicon: 0.03≦Si≦1.2%;
- Phosphorus: P≦0.1%;
- Copper: Cu sufficient to reach 100,
- in the indicated quantities, with reference to the total weight of the master alloy.
- Moreover, as stated, the master alloy can also comprise, as a weight percentage relative to the total weight of the master alloy:
- silver: Ag≦72%;
- nickel: Ni≦41%;
- zinc: Zn≦25%.
- Additionally, the master alloy can include, in quantities not exceeding 8% by weight, at least one of the elements of the group constituted by cobalt, manganese, tin and indium.
- The master alloy can further include, in quantities not exceeding 0.56% by weight, at least one of the deoxidizing elements of the group constituted by magnesium, silicon, boron and lithium.
- Advantageously, in some applications, at least one of the refining elements of the group constituted by ruthenium, rhenium and platinum can be inserted in the master alloy, in quantities not exceeding 0.96% by weight.
- Some examples of gold alloys which can be obtained with a composition in accordance with the present invention are set out below.
- A 14 carat yellow gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows:
Gold 58.5 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Silver 8.0 Zinc 6.0 Iridium 0.01 Germanium 0.4 Phosphorus: 0.01 Silicon 0.06 Copper, sufficient to reach 100. - A 18 carat yellow gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows:
Gold 75.0 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Silver 15.0 Iridium 0.01 Germanium 0.2 Phosphorus: 0.01 Copper sufficient to reach 100. - A 18 carat yellow gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows:
Gold 75.0 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Silver 12.5 Zinc 0.5 Germanium 0.25 Silicon 0.04 Copper sufficient to reach 100 (in this specific case 11.71%). - A 14 carat white gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows:
Gold 58.5 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Nickel 8.5 Zinc 8.0 Iridium 0.01 Germanium 0.4 Phosphorus: 0.01 Copper sufficient to reach 100. - A 18 carat white gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows:
Gold 75.0 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Nickel 7.5 Zinc 3.5 Iridium 0.01 Germanium 0.25 Phosphorus: 0.01 Copper sufficient to reach 100. - A 8 carat yellow gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage
Gold 33.3 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Silver 13.0 Zinc 10.0 Germanium 0.4 Silicon 0.2 Iridium 0.02 Copper sufficient to reach 100 (in this specific case 43.08%). - A 10 carat yellow gold alloy whose composition in terms of weight percentage is as follows:
Gold 41.7 with master alloy comprising (as a percentage on the weight of the gold alloy): Silver 11.0 Zinc 8.7 Germanium 0.3 Silicon 0.15 Iridium 0.017 Copper sufficient to reach 100 (in this specific case 38.13% - To obtain the five yellow gold alloys described in examples A, B, C, F and G, set out above, a preferential process comprises the following phases:
- melting in controlled atmosphere or in an inert gas such as argon, of the elements in the respective doses, inside graphite or ceramic crucibles at a temperature ranging between 880 and 940° C.;
- subsequent heating to a temperature ranging between 970 and 1030° C. before proceeding with casting;
- casting the material in appropriate dies;
- cooling the die in air;
- subsequent cooling of the die in water.
- To obtain instead the two white gold alloys described in examples D and E, set out above, a preferential process comprises the following phases:
- melting in controlled atmosphere or in an inert gas such as argon, of the elements in the respective doses, inside graphite or ceramic crucibles at a temperature ranging between 890 and 970° C.;
- subsequent heating to a temperature ranging between 980 and 1100° C. before proceeding with casting;
- casting the material in appropriate dies;
- cooling the die in air;
- subsequent cooling of the die in water.
- The present invention achieves important advantages.
- In the first place, laboratory tests conducted by the Applicant have shown that use of germanium in weight concentrations ranging between 0.05% and 2% leads to an increase in the fluidity of the alloy in the molten state that is even greater than the one brought about by the use of silicon alone in normal usage concentrations.
- Moreover, the increase in grain size consequent to the use of germanium was lesser than the one that takes place in traditional alloys containing silicon alone, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 1 shows the variation in the dimensions of the crystal grain of the alloy as a result of the addition, thereto, of the elements and compounds indicated in the x-coordinate. It is evident that the influence of only silicon (Si) on the increase in grain size is considerably higher than the influence of germanium (Ge).
- FIG. 2 shows the effect of the concentration of silicon and germanium alone, on the grain dimension of the gold alloy. In this case, too, it is evident that a low concentration of silicon, in the graph from 0 to 300 ppm, entails a considerable increase in crystal grain size, even exceeding the size increase caused by additions of germanium in concentrations that are 10 times greater.
- This has positive repercussions on the mechanical behavior of the alloy, as can be seen in FIG. 3, which shows the (positive or negative) variation of the maximum load bearable by the alloy, following the addition to the alloy of equal quantities of the different elements or compounds indicated in the x-coordinate (good both germanium alone, and germanium plus Copper plus silicon).
- The use of germanium instead of, or together with, silicon also yielded positive effects on the percent of lengthening of the alloy following the tensile test.
- In regard to the combined use of germanium and silicon, respectively to improve the fluidity and decrease the oxidation of the alloy, very encouraging results were obtained.
- The combined use of these two elements gave rise to deoxidized alloys which at the same time show a very good mechanical behavior, generally better than the one exhibited by the alloys in which silicon is used both as a fluidizing element, and as a deoxidizing element.
- Then the use of Phosphorus together with germanium (alone or combined also with silicon) gives the possibility to maintain the level of germanium and silicon substantially constant for more successive fusions.
- In fact, if scrap amounts of alloys are molten together with new amount of alloys (generally 50% each one), phosphorus reaction with oxygen reduces the formation of silicon and germanium oxides. As a consequence, silicon and germanium content in alloys decreases less drastically during the re-cycling operations.
- In any case, where the use of refining elements becomes necessary to obtain even smaller grain dimensions, the formation of silicides does not take place, thanks to the small amounts of silicon (or in some cases its absence).
- It should further be noted that the present invention is relatively easy to implement and that also the cost connected to the implementation of the invention remains within the standards of the industry.
- The invention thus conceived can be subject to numerous modifications and variations, without thereby departing from the scope of the inventive concept that characterizes it.
Claims (24)
1. A Gold alloy comprising, in terms of weight, at least:
Gold: Au≧33%;
Iridium: Ir≦0.4%;
Germanium: Ge≦2%;
Silicon: 0.015% ≦Si≦0.3%;
Phosphorus: P≦0.02%;
Copper: Cu sufficient to reach 100.
2. A Gold alloy as claimed in claim 1 , comprising in terms of weight, at least:
Gold: Au≧51%;
Iridium: Ir≦0.2%;
Germanium: Ge≦2%;
Silicon: 0.015% ≦Si≦0.2%;
Phosphorus: P≦0.02%;
Copper: Cu sufficient to reach 100.
3. A Gold alloy as claimed in claim 2 characterized in that it further comprises silver with a percentage by weight of: Ag≦34%.
4. A Gold alloy as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that it further comprises Nickel with a percentage by weight of: Ni≦20%.
5. A Gold alloy as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that it further comprises Zinc with a percentage by weight of: Zn≦15%.
6. A Gold alloy as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that it comprises Gold with a percentage by weight of: 74≦Au≦77%.
7. A Gold alloy as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that it comprises Gold with a percentage by weight of: 57≦Au≦60%.
8. A Gold alloy as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises Gold with a percentage by weight of: 33≦Au≦3 5%.
9. A Gold alloy as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that it comprises Gold with a percentage by weight of: 37≦Au≦39%.
10. A Gold alloy as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises Gold with a percentage by weight of: 40≦Au≦43%.
11. A Gold alloy as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that it further comprises no more than 4% by weight of at least one of the elements of the group constituted by cobalt, manganese, tin and indium.
12. A Gold alloy as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that it further comprises no more than 0.15% by weight of at least one of the elements of the group constituted by magnesium, silicon, boron and lithium.
13. A Gold alloy as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that it further comprises no more than 0.4% by weight of at least one of the elements of the group constituted by ruthenium, rhenium and platinum.
14. A Gold alloy comprising, in terms of weight, at least:
Gold: Au≧33%;
Iridium: Ir≦0.4%
Germanium: Ge≦2%;
Phosphorus: 0.003≦P≦0.02%;
Copper: Cu sufficient to reach 100.
15. A Gold alloy as claimed in claim 14 , comprising in terms of weight, at least:
Gold: Au≧74%;
Iridium: 0.005≦Ir≦0.02%;
Germanium: 0.05≦Ge≦0.2%;
Phosphorus: 0.003≦P≦0.02%;
Zinc: Zn≦5%;
Silver: 1≦Ag≦20%
Copper: Cu sufficient to reach 100.
16. A master alloy for obtaining gold alloys as claimed in any of the claims from 1 to 13 characterized in that it comprises, by weight, at least:
Iridium: Ir≦0.4%
Germanium: Ge≦4%;
Silicon: 0.03≦Si≦1.2%;
Phosphorus: P≦0.1%
Copper: Cu sufficient to reach 100.
17. Master alloy as claimed in claim 16 characterized in that it further comprises Silver with a percentage by weight of Ag≦72%.
18. Master alloy as claimed in claim 16 characterized in that it further comprises nickel with a percentage by weight of Ni≦41%.
19. Master alloy as claimed in claim 16 characterized in that it further comprises Zinc with a percentage by weight of: Zn≦25%.
20. Master alloy as claimed in claim 16 characterized in that it further comprises no more than 8% of at least one of the elements of the group constituted by cobalt, manganese, tin and indium.
21. Master alloy as claimed in claim 16 characterized in that it further comprises no more than 0.56% of at least one of the elements of the group constituted by magnesium, silicon, boron and lithium.
22. Master alloy as claimed in claim 16 characterized in that it further comprises no more than 0.96% by weight of at least one of the elements of the group constituted by ruthenium, rhenium and platinum.
23. Master alloy for obtaining gold alloys as claimed in any of the claims 14 and 15 comprising, in terms of weight, at least:
Iridium: Ir≦0.4%
Germanium: Ge≦4%
Phosphorus: 0. 01≦P≦0.1%
Copper: Cu sufficient to reach 100.
24. Master alloy as claimed in claim 23 , comprising in terms of weight, at least:
Iridium: 0.02≦Ir≦0.08%;
germanium: 0.2≦Ge≦0.8%;
Phosphorus: 0.012≦P≦0.08%;
Zinc: Zn≦20%;
Silver: 4≦Ag≦80%
Copper: Cu sufficient to reach 100.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EPEP-01830349.5 | 2001-05-30 | ||
EP01830349A EP1266974B1 (en) | 2001-05-30 | 2001-05-30 | Gold alloys and master alloys for obtaining them |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20030012679A1 true US20030012679A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
Family
ID=8184548
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/156,386 Abandoned US20030012679A1 (en) | 2001-05-30 | 2002-05-29 | Gold alloys and master alloys for obtaining them |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030012679A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1266974B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE278045T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60105987D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2227106T3 (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20050100471A1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2005-05-12 | Taylor Arthur D. | White gold alloy |
US20080206091A1 (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-08-28 | Guner Kuyumculuk Kalip Makina Sanayi Ve Ticaret Limited Sirketi | Novelty in the Method for the Combination of Gold and the Other Minerals |
US20080297363A1 (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-04 | Yasushi Fukushige | Domestic electric appliance notification system, portable terminal apparatus, domestic electric appliance, and operation completion notifying method |
US20090317291A1 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2009-12-24 | Annette Gertge | Variable karat gold alloys |
US20090317292A1 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2009-12-24 | Gertge Annette T | Variable karat gold alloys |
US20100322818A1 (en) * | 2009-05-12 | 2010-12-23 | Todd Cleabert Bridgeman | Gold alloys |
CN102386545A (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2012-03-21 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Manufacturing process of sliding electric contact material containing rare earth element |
RU2507284C1 (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-02-20 | Федеральное Государственное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Сибирский Федеральный Университет" | Gold-based alloy modifying method |
ITVI20130118A1 (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2014-10-25 | Progold S P A | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF D¿ORO BIANCO WHITE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PRODUCTS IN PRECIOUS MATERIAL |
US9005522B2 (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2015-04-14 | Jostens, Inc. | Silver alloy |
IT202100017651A1 (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2023-01-05 | Metaltech S R L | Master alloy for making alloys of a precious metal, method of producing the master alloy and gold alloy including the master alloy |
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GB2418432A (en) * | 2004-09-23 | 2006-03-29 | Middlesex Silver Co Ltd | Silver alloy and its production using a master metal |
GB2434376A (en) * | 2006-01-23 | 2007-07-25 | Middlesex Silver Co Ltd | Making boron containing gold alloys using a master alloy |
RU2476615C1 (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2013-02-27 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Gold-based alloy |
ITPD20130002A1 (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2014-07-12 | Legor Group S P A | COMPOSITION OF LEGA MADRE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WHITE GOLD AND ALLOY WHITE GOLD ALLOYS. |
ITPD20130003A1 (en) | 2013-01-11 | 2014-07-12 | Legor Group S P A | COMPOSITION OF LEGA MOTHER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GOLD ALLOYS WITH INNOVATIVE SYSTEM OF REFINERS AND GOLD LEAGUE OBTAINED THROUGH SUCH COMPOSITION OF LEGA MOTHER |
WO2015193659A2 (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2015-12-23 | Allied Gold Limited | Alloy compositions |
CN107208186A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2017-09-26 | 迭戈·佩雷蒂 | Foundry alloy for manufacturing White gold alloy |
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RU2626260C1 (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-07-25 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский федеральный университет" | Method of manufacture of bimetallic wire from precious metals |
RU2652900C1 (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-05-03 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Alloy based on gold |
CN116917549A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2023-10-20 | 意大利菲美特有限公司 | Method for electroplating electrodeposition and related electroplating cell |
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- 2001-05-30 AT AT01830349T patent/ATE278045T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-30 DE DE60105987T patent/DE60105987D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-30 EP EP01830349A patent/EP1266974B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2001-05-30 ES ES01830349T patent/ES2227106T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2002
- 2002-05-29 US US10/156,386 patent/US20030012679A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US3841921A (en) * | 1973-03-02 | 1974-10-15 | Olin Corp | Process for treating copper alloys to improve creep resistance |
US3956027A (en) * | 1975-04-09 | 1976-05-11 | Olin Corporation | Processing copper base alloys |
US4780275A (en) * | 1984-08-25 | 1988-10-25 | William Prym-Werke Gmbh. & Co. Kg. | Corrosion-resistant copper alloy and article containing the same |
US6471792B1 (en) * | 1998-11-16 | 2002-10-29 | Olin Corporation | Stress relaxation resistant brass |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050100471A1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2005-05-12 | Taylor Arthur D. | White gold alloy |
US20080206091A1 (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-08-28 | Guner Kuyumculuk Kalip Makina Sanayi Ve Ticaret Limited Sirketi | Novelty in the Method for the Combination of Gold and the Other Minerals |
US20080297363A1 (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-04 | Yasushi Fukushige | Domestic electric appliance notification system, portable terminal apparatus, domestic electric appliance, and operation completion notifying method |
US20110171059A1 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2011-07-14 | Annette Gertge | Variable karat gold alloys |
US20110226091A1 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2011-09-22 | Annette Gertge | Variable karat gold alloys |
US20090317292A1 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2009-12-24 | Gertge Annette T | Variable karat gold alloys |
US20110171060A1 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2011-07-14 | Annette Gertge | Variable karat gold alloys |
US20110171061A1 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2011-07-14 | Annette Gertge | Variable karat gold alloys |
US20090317291A1 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2009-12-24 | Annette Gertge | Variable karat gold alloys |
US20110176956A1 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2011-07-21 | Gertge Annette T | Variable karat gold alloys |
US20100322818A1 (en) * | 2009-05-12 | 2010-12-23 | Todd Cleabert Bridgeman | Gold alloys |
US9428821B2 (en) * | 2009-05-12 | 2016-08-30 | Jostens, Inc. | Gold alloys |
CN102386545A (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2012-03-21 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Manufacturing process of sliding electric contact material containing rare earth element |
US9005522B2 (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2015-04-14 | Jostens, Inc. | Silver alloy |
RU2507284C1 (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-02-20 | Федеральное Государственное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Сибирский Федеральный Университет" | Gold-based alloy modifying method |
ITVI20130118A1 (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2014-10-25 | Progold S P A | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF D¿ORO BIANCO WHITE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PRODUCTS IN PRECIOUS MATERIAL |
IT202100017651A1 (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2023-01-05 | Metaltech S R L | Master alloy for making alloys of a precious metal, method of producing the master alloy and gold alloy including the master alloy |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60105987D1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
EP1266974A1 (en) | 2002-12-18 |
ATE278045T1 (en) | 2004-10-15 |
ES2227106T3 (en) | 2005-04-01 |
EP1266974B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
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