CN107208186A - Foundry alloy for manufacturing White gold alloy - Google Patents
Foundry alloy for manufacturing White gold alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN107208186A CN107208186A CN201580074680.4A CN201580074680A CN107208186A CN 107208186 A CN107208186 A CN 107208186A CN 201580074680 A CN201580074680 A CN 201580074680A CN 107208186 A CN107208186 A CN 107208186A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/02—Alloys based on gold
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
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Abstract
A kind of foundry alloy, it is designed to mix with the gold of predetermined weight percent, with obtain containing be used for gold brighten purpose predetermined weight percent germanium, suitable for imparting foundry alloy ductility predetermined weight percent at least one plasticising metal and the White gold alloy of combination metal for the scheduled volume that forms solid solution.This is substantially equal to the group of the element of the electronegativity value of germanium with reference to metal selected from its electronegativity value, for making germanium be uniformly distributed in solid solution.A kind of billon with the yellow colour index less than 32, including the predetermined weight percent mixed with foundry alloy gold to manufacture platinum product.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is generally found in metal alloy field, answering in the alloy field particularly used in jewelry industries
With, and it is related to a kind of foundry alloy for being used to manufacture White gold alloy.
The invention further relates to a kind of billon for being used to manufacture platinum product.
Background technology
Early it has been known that specific foundry alloy is melted with gold to manufacture platinum jewelry and product in jewellery sector.
Such foundry alloy with the carat of desired end article level change weight ratio include selected from include silver, copper,
The metal of the group of zinc and nickel.
For example, 18kt platinum products generally include by weight 75% gold, 16% copper, 5% nickel and about 4%
Zinc.
However, it is contemplated that obtaining the material for the relatively light colour for being arbitrarily defined as platinum, it is known that nickel mainly acts on golden system
Product are to change its color.
Nevertheless, recent research have shown that nickel it is toxic to human body and especially demonstrate this element may be
Cause Contact hyper sensitization in sensitive individual.
Due to the reason, as the standards of UNI EN 1811 enter into force, use of the element in jewellery sector is strong
Effectively limit, so that 0.5 μ g/cm will be set to from the maximum of the nickel of the metal object release contacted with skin2/ week.
When attempting to eliminate this shortcoming, the metal alloy for manufacturing platinum product is developed, wherein nickel is by palladium
And/or manganese is substituted.
Nevertheless, the alloy containing palladium seems not break away from shortcoming, especially because its high cost and when molten with gold
Its not ideal machinability when melting.
In addition, the alloy containing manganese has severe toxicity to human body and is relatively difficult to processing, because the element is intended to
Rapidly and fully aoxidized during with air contact.
This other shortcoming is directed to, foundry alloy has been developed, wherein antioxidant and/or golden brightening agent is germanium.
US2005/0201887 discloses a kind of metal alloy containing germanium for being used to manufacture 14kt platinum products, and it is constituted
Include 58.34% gold by weight, as 35% to 40% silver, 0.5% to 1.8% tin and 0.1% for brightening element
To 0.75% germanium.
The alloy has the shortcomings that to include very small amount of germanium, and it has the golden whitening effect of non-optimal, and is related to most
Whole white article has the risk of extremely micro- yellow, matt (matte) and the appearance (finish) of low-light level.
In addition, it is contemplated that realizing optimal whitening effect, the weight ratio of germanium and other elements can not increase, because this can increase
Plus the fragility and complexity of alloy substrate.
The other shortcoming of the arrangement is the valuable property that tin reduces alloy, because the element is expensive not as other elements
Weight.
In addition, the use of tin adds the fragility of the alloy obtained when being melted with gold, and hinder increasing thereon
White effect, so as to reduce the effect of germanium.
In addition, the use of tin is recently by " many morals-Frank's bill (Dodd-Frank Act) " by management and control, its is right
The import of the element is provided with limitation and so that it is less susceptible to obtain.
Finally, last shortcoming is that the material used in this arrangement tends to chemical compatibility low to each other,
And this adversely affects the machinability of alloy.
Technical problem
According to prior art, the technical problem that the present invention tends to solve is to provide a kind of has height to brighten effect to gold utensil
Really, the foundry alloy of optimal machinability and low cost.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention be by provide it is a kind of be used for manufacture White gold alloy very efficiently and relative cost is effective
Foundry alloy overcomes disadvantages mentioned above.
The specific purposes of the present invention be to provide it is a kind of be used to manufacture the foundry alloy of White gold alloy, its without using nickel, palladium and/
Or have sizable whitening effect in the case of manganese to gold utensil.
The other purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of foundry alloy for being used to manufacture White gold alloy, and it allows end article to protect
Hold the bright outward appearance of gloss.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of foundry alloy for being used to manufacture White gold alloy, it has white in whole manufacture
Mechanical property as easy machinability is provided in the step of process of billon.
However, another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of foundry alloy for being used to manufacture White gold alloy, it includes easy obtain
Element arrive and relatively low cost.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of foundry alloy for being used to manufacture White gold alloy, it is nontoxic to human body.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of billon for the yellow colour index for having and being less than 32, it is obtained from foundry alloy
And with special bright color.
What following article was preferably explained, these and other purposes manufacture white by being used for as defined in claim 1
The foundry alloy of billon is realized.
According to other aspect, the present invention relates to a kind of billon for the yellow colour index for having and being less than 32, including Jin Heshang
The mixture of foundry alloy is stated, as defined in claim 14.
It yet still another aspect, the present invention relates to billon for manufacturing in the application in platinum product, such as claim 15
Limited.
The Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are obtained according to dependent claims.
Embodiment
It is used for the present invention relates to one kind in jewelry industries, and mixes white to obtain suitable for the gold with predetermined weight percent
The foundry alloy of billon.
Moreover, it relates to it is a kind of using define accurate carat value predetermined weight percent gold and with it is this
Foundry alloy mixes obtained White gold alloy.
Especially, billon has the yellow colour index less than 32 and is used to manufacture platinum product.
For article of manufacture, foundry alloy must will be mixed with the gold of predetermined weight percent first, and later will experience
Melting process, thus will obtain billon.
It is then possible to billon be formed as to 9kt, 10kt, 14kt or 18kt platinum product, wherein based on the total of product
Weight, the golden percentage by weight used is 37.5%, 41.7%, 58.5% and 75% respectively.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, foundry alloy includes being used for the germanium for the percentage by weight that gold brightens purpose.
Eligibly, the gross weight based on foundry alloy, the percentage by weight of germanium can be changed to 25% from 4%.
In periodic table, germanium take 32, atomic radius as 125pm and by Pauling scale (Pauling of atomic number
Scale) meter electronegativity value occurs for 2.01.
This element has natural silvery white and with the gold increasing bigger than other elements (such as palladium, nickel, manganese and silver)
Bai Nengli.
In addition, germanium has antioxidant properties, melted available for the gold removed in foundry alloy and the percentage by weight
Any compound for the more inexpensive element being likely to form in journey.
At least one of predetermined weight percent that foundry alloy also includes being suitable to assign foundry alloy ductility is plasticized metal.
Plasticising metal can be zinc, and the gross weight based on foundry alloy its percentage by weight can be less than 35% and excellent
Selection of land is changed to 26% from 5%.
Zinc has the intrinsic ductility of height and it is added in foundry alloy so that foundry alloy is highly extending.It is such
Ductility is kept approximately constant when foundry alloy is melted with gold.
In addition, zinc has low cost, and itself and interacting also for gold have light whitening effect thereon, even if it
Whitening effect much weaker of the whitening effect than germanium.
Alternatively, plasticising metal can be silver, and the gross weight based on foundry alloy its percentage by weight can be from
10% is changed to 20%.
Silver further increases the valuable property of foundry alloy, and its color for being present to ensure that platinum product will be with the time
Substantially constant is kept, while protecting the residual metallic of foundry alloy from being aoxidized as caused by the oxygen in air.
In addition to metal is plasticized, foundry alloy also includes the combination metal of a percentage by weight, and it is suitable to and germanium formation solid solution.
Solid solution is a kind of physical-chemical state of alloy, and the crystal structure of wherein solvent (combination metal here) exists
Do not change when being mixed with solute (germanium here).
Form single homogeneous together with reference to metal and germanium in this condition.
In the special aspects of the present invention, the electronegativity value of germanium is substantially equal to so that the latter selected from electronegativity value with reference to metal
The group of equally distributed element in solid solution.
Electronegativity is the relative measurement for the ability that atom attracts electronics in chemical bond, and is considered as to be used to stop
One of condition of uniform solid solution is formed in plum-Rother in rule (Hume-Rothery rule).
Particularly, according to one of rule, when the element for constituting solute has the electronegativity value phase with constituting the element of solvent
As electronegativity value when, it will tend to be merged in lattice and replace solvent particles without changing physicochemical characteristics, i.e.,
Hardness.
Therefore, its electronegativity combination metal similar with the electronegativity of germanium allows the germanium using bigger percentage by weight, from
And there is provided bigger golden whitening effect, the physical-chemical characteristic without influenceing foundry alloy.
In addition, will be presented from the product that is obtained of foundry alloy of the present invention be typically defined as by those skilled in the art it is white
The color of color, and on being such as used in jewelry industries with the height machinability for the known forming method for obtaining end article.
Preferably, it can be selected from the atomic radius element bigger by 7% to 8% than the atomic radius of germanium with reference to metal
Group.
The condition meets the Article 2 of hume-rothery rule, according to the Article 2 of the rule, forms two kinds of solid solution
The atomic radius of element must can not differ by more than 15%.
Advantageously, it is copper with reference to metal, it has 135pm atomic radius, and is born with terms of Pauling scale 1.9 electricity
Property.
In addition, both copper and germanium all have body-centered cubic crystal structure, so as to meet the Article 3 molten for forming solid
Hume-rothery rule.
Gross weight based on foundry alloy, the percentage by weight of copper can be changed to 90% from 50%.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gross weight based on foundry alloy, foundry alloy can be comprising by weight
4% to 15% germanium, by weight 50% to 90% copper and by weight 5% to 26% zinc.
If silver is also included as plasticising metal, the gross weight based on foundry alloy, foundry alloy can be comprising by weight
Germanium, by weight 50% to 80% copper, by weight 5% to 26% zinc and by weight 10% of meter 4% to 15%
To 20% silver.
It can be provided for assigning the other element of foundry alloy chemical-physical characteristics.
Specifically, the gross weight based on foundry alloy, foundry alloy can include by weight 0.01% to 0.5% iridium, ruthenium
Or rhenium and the indium for being less than 10% by weight.
Advantageously, first three element is used as grain refiner, so that the mechanical strength of foundry alloy is improved, and indium
Contribute to the surface porosity factor of reduction product.
According to carat value golden in required product, some examples of the foundry alloy composition of the present invention will be provided now.
The first the foundry alloy composition of embodiment I- for 18kt platinum products
Here, foundry alloy includes by weight 10% germanium, by weight 25% zinc and by weight 65% copper.Member
The percentage by weight of element is the gross weight based on foundry alloy.
By also including the gold of the percentage by weight (i.e. the gross weight 75% based on product) corresponding to 18kt values, the combination
Thing can be described otherwise.Therefore, product by including by weight 2.5% germanium, by weight 6.25% zinc and
By weight 16.25% copper.
Second foundry alloy compositions of the embodiment II- for 18kt platinum products
Here, foundry alloy include by weight 7% germanium, by weight 25% zinc, by weight 67.95% copper and
By weight 0.05% iridium.The percentage by weight of element is the gross weight based on foundry alloy.
Said composition can also be described by the gold including the percentage by weight corresponding to 18kt values, thus product will be wrapped
Include by weight 1.75% germanium, by weight 6.25% zinc, by weight 16.99% copper and by weight 0.012%
Iridium.
The third foundry alloy composition of embodiment III- for 18kt platinum products
Here, foundry alloy include by weight 10% germanium, by weight 25% zinc, by weight 55% copper, press
The silver and by weight 0.05% iridium of weight meter 10%.The percentage by weight of element is the gross weight based on foundry alloy.
Said composition can also be described by the gold including the percentage by weight corresponding to 18kt values, thus product will be wrapped
Include by weight 2.5% germanium, by weight 6.25% zinc, by weight 13.75% copper, by weight 2.5% silver
By weight 0.0125% iridium.
Four kind foundry alloy compositions of the embodiment IV- for 18kt platinum products
Here, foundry alloy include by weight 10% germanium, by weight 25% zinc, by weight 60% copper, press
The indium of weight meter 5% and by weight 0.05% iridium.The percentage by weight of element is the gross weight based on foundry alloy.
Can also by the gold including the percentage by weight corresponding to 18kt values come said composition described otherwise above, by
This product is by including by weight 2.5% germanium, by weight 6.25% zinc, by weight 15% copper, by weight
1.25% indium and by weight 0.0125% iridium.
Four kind foundry alloy compositions of the embodiment V- for 18kt platinum products
Here, foundry alloy includes by weight 15% germanium, by weight 15% zinc and by weight 70% copper.Member
The percentage by weight of element is the gross weight based on foundry alloy.
Can also by the gold including the percentage by weight corresponding to 18kt values come said composition described otherwise above, by
This product is by including by weight 3.75% germanium, by weight 3.75% zinc and by weight 17.5% copper.
The first the foundry alloy composition of embodiment VI- for 14kt platinum products
Here, foundry alloy include by weight 6% germanium, by weight 20% zinc, by weight 73.95% copper and
By weight 0.05% iridium.The percentage by weight of element is the gross weight based on foundry alloy.
, can be with by also including the gold of the percentage by weight (i.e. the gross weight 58.5% based on product) corresponding to 14kt values
Said composition otherwise described.Here, foundry alloy is by including by weight 2.49% germanium, by weight 8.3%
Zinc, by weight 30.69% copper and by weight 0.021% iridium.
Second foundry alloy compositions of the embodiment VII- for 14kt platinum products
Here, foundry alloy includes by weight 10% germanium, by weight 20% zinc, by weight 69.95% copper
By weight 0.05% iridium.The percentage by weight of element is the gross weight based on foundry alloy.
When stating composition in the case of the gold including the percentage by weight corresponding to 14kt values, product will include pressing
The germanium of weight meter 4.15%, by weight 8.3% zinc, by weight 29.03% copper and by weight 0.021% iridium.
The first the foundry alloy composition of embodiment VIII- for 10kt platinum products
Here, foundry alloy includes by weight 4.3% germanium, by weight 20% zinc, by weight 75.67% copper
By weight 0.03% ruthenium.The percentage by weight of element is the gross weight based on foundry alloy.
, can be with by also including the gold of the percentage by weight (i.e. the gross weight 41.7% based on product) corresponding to 10kt values
Said composition otherwise described.Here, foundry alloy is by including by weight 2.5% germanium, by weight 11.66%
Zinc, by weight 44.11% copper and by weight 0.017% ruthenium.
The first the foundry alloy composition of embodiment IX- for 9kt platinum products
Here, foundry alloy includes by weight 4.3% germanium, by weight 20% zinc, by weight 75.67% copper
By weight 0.03% ruthenium.The percentage by weight of element is the gross weight based on foundry alloy.
, can be with by also including the gold of the percentage by weight (i.e. the gross weight 37.5% based on product) corresponding to 9kt values
Said composition otherwise described.Herein, foundry alloy is by including by weight 2.68% germanium, by weight 12.5%
Zinc, by weight 47.29% copper and by weight 0.019% ruthenium.
The foundry alloy and product of the present invention allows to be permitted in present invention disclosed concept in the dependent claims
Many changes or variant.
The foundry alloy of the present invention and all details of product equivalent part can be replaced in other technologies, and material
It can be changed without departing from the scope of the invention according to different demands.
Industrial applicibility
Because the present invention can on an industrial scale be produced in jewelry metal processing factory, therefore the present invention can be in industry
Middle application.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of foundry alloy, the foundry alloy is designed to mix with the gold of predetermined weight percent, to be formed with less than 32
Yellow colour index White gold alloy, wherein the foundry alloy is included：
- it is used for the germanium that gold brightens the predetermined weight percent of purpose；
At least one plasticising metal of-predetermined weight percent, it is suitable to assign the foundry alloy ductility；
The combination metal of-scheduled volume, to form solid solution with germanium,
Characterized in that, the foundry alloy does not contain nickel, manganese or palladium, and wherein described combination metal is copper, the plasticising gold
Category is zinc and/or silver, and based on the gross weight of the foundry alloy, the percentage by weight of germanium is in the range of 4% to 25%, zinc
And/or silver the percentage by weight be more than germanium maximum percentage by weight, and copper the percentage by weight be more than zinc and/
Or the percentage by weight of silver.
2. foundry alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the gross weight based on the foundry alloy, germanium it is described heavy
Measure percentage in the range of 4% to 15%, the percentage by weight of copper in the range of 50% to 90%, and zinc institute
Percentage by weight is stated in the range of 5% to 26%.
3. foundry alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the gross weight based on the foundry alloy, germanium it is described heavy
Measure percentage in the range of 4% to 15%, the percentage by weight of copper in the range of 50% to 90%, zinc it is described heavy
Measure percentage in the range of 5% to 26, and silver the percentage by weight in the range of 10% to 20%.
4. the foundry alloy according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that the foundry alloy also includes being based on the foundry alloy
Gross weight by weight 0.01% to 0.5% iridium or ruthenium or rhenium.
5. foundry alloy according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the foundry alloy also includes based on the total of the foundry alloy
Weight is less than 10% indium.
6. foundry alloy according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the gross weight based on the foundry alloy, copper it is described heavy
Measure percentage in the range of 40% to 66%, the percentage by weight of zinc in the range of 5% to 26%, and germanium institute
Percentage by weight is stated in the range of 5% to 11%.
7. foundry alloy according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the gross weight based on the foundry alloy, copper it is described heavy
Measure percentage in the range of 40% to 68%, the percentage by weight of zinc in the range of 5% to 26%, germanium it is described heavy
Measure percentage in the range of 5% to 8%, and iridium the percentage by weight in the range of 0.05% to 0.1%.
8. foundry alloy according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the gross weight based on the foundry alloy, copper it is described heavy
Measure percentage in the range of 40% to 56%, the percentage by weight of zinc in the range of 5% to 26%, germanium it is described heavy
Measure percentage in the range of 5% to 11%, the silver-colored percentage by weight in the range of 5% to 11%, and iridium institute
Percentage by weight is stated in the range of 0.05% to 0.1%.
9. foundry alloy according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the gross weight based on the foundry alloy, copper it is described heavy
Measure percentage in the range of 40% to 61%, the percentage by weight of zinc in the range of 5% to 26%, germanium it is described heavy
Percentage is measured in the range of 5% to 11%, the percentage by weight of indium is in the range of 1% to 6%, and iridium is described
Percentage by weight is in the range of 0.05% to 0.1%.
10. foundry alloy according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the gross weight based on the foundry alloy, copper it is described heavy
Measure percentage in the range of 40% to 74%, the percentage by weight of zinc in the range of 5% to 21%, germanium it is described heavy
Measure percentage in the range of 5% to 7%, and iridium the percentage by weight in the range of 0.05% to 0.1%.
11. a kind of foundry alloy according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the gross weight based on the foundry alloy, the institute of copper
Percentage by weight is stated in the range of 40% to 70%, the percentage by weight of zinc is in the range of 5% to 21%, the institute of germanium
Percentage by weight is stated in the range of 5% to 11%, the percentage by weight of iridium is in the range of 0.05% to 0.1%.
12. a kind of foundry alloy according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the gross weight based on the foundry alloy, the institute of copper
Percentage by weight is stated in the range of 50% to 76%, the percentage by weight of zinc is in the range of 5% to 21%, the institute of germanium
Percentage by weight is stated in the range of 4% to 5%, and ruthenium scope of the percentage by weight 0.01% to 0.05%
It is interior.
13. foundry alloy according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the percentage by weight of copper is 40% to 71%
In the range of, the percentage by weight of zinc is in the range of 5% to 16%, and the percentage by weight of germanium is 5% to 16%
In the range of.
14. a kind of billon of the yellow colour index with less than 32, including gold and one in preceding claims or many
The mixture of foundry alloy described in.
15. billon according to claim 14 is for manufacturing the application in platinum product.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITVI20140304 | 2014-11-28 | ||
| ITVI2014A000304 | 2014-11-28 | ||
| PCT/IB2015/059164 WO2016084038A2 (en) | 2014-11-28 | 2015-11-27 | Master alloy used for making a white gold alloy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107208186A true CN107208186A (en) | 2017-09-26 |
Family
ID=52464529
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201580074680.4A Pending CN107208186A (en) | 2014-11-28 | 2015-11-27 | Foundry alloy for manufacturing White gold alloy |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107208186A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016084038A2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6726877B1 (en) * | 1993-11-15 | 2004-04-27 | Anthony Phillip Eccles | Silver alloy compositions |
| US5384089A (en) * | 1994-05-02 | 1995-01-24 | Diamond; Lawrence H. | Yellow karat gold casting alloys |
| DE4423646C1 (en) * | 1994-07-06 | 1995-08-17 | Wieland Edelmetalle | Nickel@-free white gold jewelry alloy |
| JP2002105558A (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-10 | Shoei Shokai:Kk | Gold alloy for personal ornament |
| DE60105987D1 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2004-11-04 | Leg Or S R L | Gold alloys and master alloys for their manufacture |
| US6951588B1 (en) | 2004-03-15 | 2005-10-04 | United Precious Metal Refining, Inc. | White gold alloy compositions |
| JP2006045630A (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2006-02-16 | Leda Co Ltd | Gold alloy |
| US20080078484A1 (en) * | 2004-09-23 | 2008-04-03 | Middlesex Silver Co. Limited | Copper-Boron Master Alloy And Its Use In Making Silver-Copper Alloys |
| JP2008297564A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2008-12-11 | Leda Co Ltd | Gold alloy |
| US20090317291A1 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2009-12-24 | Annette Gertge | Variable karat gold alloys |
-
2015
- 2015-11-27 WO PCT/IB2015/059164 patent/WO2016084038A2/en active Application Filing
- 2015-11-27 CN CN201580074680.4A patent/CN107208186A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2016084038A3 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
| WO2016084038A2 (en) | 2016-06-02 |
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