Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/72—Nitrogen atoms
  • C07D213/74—Amino or imino radicals substituted by hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/14—Prodigestives, e.g. acids, enzymes, appetite stimulants, antidyspeptics, tonics, antiflatulents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
  • A61P13/02—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of urine or of the urinary tract, e.g. urine acidifiers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/06—Antimigraine agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel 4-(2-pyridyl)piperizines, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their medicinal use.
• the compounds of the present invention are potent and selective partial agonists at serotonin 7 (5-HT7) receptors, and are capable of modulating circadian rhythms. They are useful in treating treatment of depression, anxiety, migraine, and eating disorders, as well as disorders or conditions the treatment which can be effected or facilitated by altering circadian rhythms.
• disorders and conditions are seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, jet lag, sleep disorders such as circadian sleep rhythms disorder, sleep deprivation, REM sleep disorders, hypersomnia, parasomnias, sleep-wake cycle disorders, narcolepsy, sleep disorders associated with blindness, sleep disorders associated with obesity, and sleep disorders associated with shift work or irregular work schedules; nocturnal enuresis, and restless legs syndrome.
• sleep disorders such as circadian sleep rhythms disorder, sleep deprivation, REM sleep disorders, hypersomnia, parasomnias, sleep-wake cycle disorders, narcolepsy, sleep disorders associated with blindness, sleep disorders associated with obesity, and sleep disorders associated with shift work or irregular work schedules; nocturnal enuresis, and restless legs syndrome.
• Serotonin 7 receptors are present in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the brain region that contains the biological clocks, and their activation leads to a resetting of the clocks as a function of dose and timing of treatment.
• SCN suprachiasmatic nucleus
• Such a mechanistic link is evident in numerous paradigms—in in vitro electrophysiological studies of SCN neuronal activity, and in light induced changes in wheel running behavior and nighttime melatonin suppression—in each case activation of 5HT7 receptors having the potential to modulate both clock function and the clock resetting ability of light.
• Full agonists and partial agonists of the 5HT7 receptor therefore offer a wide range of clinically useful therapeutics.
• the present invention also relates to a method of treating depression or anxiety in a mammal, including a human, by administering to the mammal a 5HT7 partial agonist in combination with an antidepressant or an anxiolytic agent. It also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a 5HT7 partial agonist and an anxiolytic agent or antidepressant.
• Serotonin 7 partial agonists are useful for the treatment of depression.
• depression includes depressive disorders, for example, single episodic or recurrent major depressive disorders, and dysthymic disorders, depressive neurosis, and neurotic depression; melancholic depression including anorexia, weight loss, insomnia and early morning waking, and psychomotor retardation; atypical depression (or reactive depression) including increased appetite, hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or irritability, anxiety and phobias, seasonal affective disorder, or bipolar disorders or manic depression, for example, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder and cyclothymic disorder.
• depression include dysthymic disorder with early or late onset and with or without atypical features; dementia of the Alzheimer's type, with early or late onset, with depressed mood; vascular dementia with depressed mood, disorders induced by alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, phencyclidine, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics and other substances; schizoaffective disorder of the depressed type; and adjustment disorder with depressed mood.
• depression is: depression in cancer patients, depression in Parkinson's patients, postmyocardial infarction depression, subsyndromal symptomatic depression, depression in infertile women, pediatric depression, major depression, single episode depression, recurrent depression, child abuse induced depression, and post partum depression.
• Major depression is characterized by feelings of intense sadness and despair, mental slowing and loss of concentration, pessimistic worry, agitation, and self-deprecation. Physical changes also occur, especially in severe or “melancholic” depression. These include insomnia or hypersomnia, anorexia and weight loss (or sometimes overeating), decreased energy and libido, and disruption of normal circadian rhythms of activity, body temperature, and many endocrine functions.
• Treatment regimens for depression commonly include the use of tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, some psychotropic drugs, lithium carbonate, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (see R. J. Baldessarini in Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th Edition, Chapter 19, McGraw-Hill, 1996 for a review). More recently, new classes of antidepressant drugs are being developed including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), specific monoamine reuptake inhibitors and 5-HTIA receptor agonists, antagonists and partial agonists.
• SSRIs selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
• 5-HTIA receptor agonists antagonists and partial agonists.
• Serotonin 7 partial agonists are also useful for the treatment of anxiety.
• anxiety disorders such as panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without history of panic disorder, specific phobias, for example, specific animal phobias, social phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, stress disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorders.
• Generalized anxiety is typically defined as an extended period (e.g., at least six months) of excessive anxiety or worry with symptoms on most days of that period. The anxiety and worry is difficult to control and may be accompanied by restlessness, being easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, and disturbed sleep.
• Panic disorder is defined as the presence of recurrent panic attacks followed by at least one month of persistent concern about having another panic attack.
• a “panic attack” is a discrete period in which there is a sudden onset of intense apprehension, fearfulness or terror. During a panic attack, the individual may experience a variety of symptoms including palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea and dizziness. Panic disorder may occur with or without agoraphobia.
• “Phobias” includes agoraphobia, specific phobias and social phobias. “Agoraphobia” is characterized by an anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing or in which help may not be available in the event of a panic attack. Agoraphobia may occur without history of a panic attack. A “specific phobia” is characterized by clinically significant anxiety provoked by feared object or situation.
• Specific phobias include the following subtypes: animal type, cued by animals or insects; natural environment type, cued by objects in the natural environment, for example storms, heights or water; blood-injection-injury type, cued by the sight of blood or an injury or by seeing or receiving an injection or other invasive medical procedure; situational type, cued by a specific situation such as public transportation, tunnels, bridges, elevators, flying, driving or enclosed spaces; and other type where fear is cued by other stimuli.
• Specific phobias may also be referred to as simple phobias.
• a “social phobia” is characterized by clinically significant anxiety provoked by exposure to certain types of social or performance circumstances. Social phobia may also be referred to as social anxiety disorder.
• anxiety disorders encompassed within the term “anxiety” include anxiety disorders induced by alcohol, amphetamines, caffeine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, phencychdine, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics and other substances, and adjustment disorders with anxiety or with mixed anxiety and depression.
• Anxiety may be present with or without other disorders such as depression in mixed anxiety and depressive disorders.
• the compositions of the present invention are therefore useful in the treatment of anxiety with or without accompanying depression.
• Anxiety disorders are generally treated using benzodiazepine sedative-antianxiety agents.
• Potent benzodiazepines are effective in panic disorder as well as in generalized anxiety disorder, however, the risks associated with drug dependency may limit their long-term use.
• 5-HT IA receptor partial agonists also have useful anxiolytic and other psychotropic activity, and less likelihood of sedation and dependence (see R. J. Baldessarini in Goodman & Gilman's Tite Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th Edition, Chapter 18, McGraw-Hill, 1996 for a review).
• the present invention relates to compounds of the formula I
• R 1 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylmethyl or heteroarylmethyl, wherein said aryl and heteroaryl and the aryl and heteroaryl moieties of said arylmethyl and said heteroarylmethyl can optionally be substituted with one or more substituents, preferably with from zero to two substituents, independently selected from hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, nitro, amino, cyano, —C( ⁇ O)—O—(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, —(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl-C( ⁇ O)—(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, —C( ⁇ O)H, —C( ⁇ O)NR 4 R 5 ), (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl optionally substituted with from one to three fluorine atoms, and (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy optionally substituted with from one to three fluorine atoms, and (
• R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from hydrogen and (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl; or R 2 and R 3 , taken together, may form a saturated carbocyclic ring containing from 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms;
• R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen and (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl; or R 4 and R 5 , taken together, may form a saturated carbocyclic ring containing from 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms; and
• X and Y are independently selected from hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, nitro, amino, cyano, —C( ⁇ O)—O—(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl-C( ⁇ O)—(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, —C( ⁇ O)H, —C( ⁇ O)NR 4 R 5 ), (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl optionally substituted with from one to three fluorine atoms, and (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy optionally substituted with from one to three fluorine atoms;
• Preferred compounds of the formula I are those wherein R 1 is hydrogen and X and Y are selected from hydrogen and methyl.
• More specific embodiments of this invention relate to compounds of the formula I wherein one of R 2 and R 3 is hydrogen and the other of R 2 and R 3 is other than hydrogen.
• the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating a disorder or condition selected from depression, anxiety avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), migraine, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, jet lag, sleep disorders such as circadian sleep rhythms disorder, sleep deprivation, REM sleep disorders, hypersomnia, parasomnias, sleep-wake cycle disorders, narcolepsy, sleep disorders associated with blindness, sleep disorders associated with obesity, and sleep disorders associated with shift work or irregular work schedules; nocturnal enuresis, and restless legs syndrome in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising an amount of a compound of the formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof effective in treating such disorder or condition and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• a disorder or condition selected from depression, anxiety avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating disorders
• the present invention also relates to a method for treating a disorder or condition selected from depression, anxiety, avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), migraine, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, jet lag, sleep disorders such as circadian sleep rhythms disorder, sleep deprivation, REM sleep disorders, hypersomnia, parasomnias, sleep-wake cycle disorders, sleep disorders associated with blindness, sleep disorders associated with obesity, narcolepsy and sleep disorders associated with shift work or irregular work schedules; nocturnal enuresis, and restless legs syndrome in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an amount of a compound of the formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, that is effective in treating such disorder or condition.
• a disorder or condition selected from depression, anxiety, avoidant personality disorder,
• the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating a disorder or condition selected from depression, anxiety avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), migraine, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, jet lag, sleep disorders such as circadian sleep rhythms disorder, sleep deprivation, REM sleep disorders, hypersomnia, parasomnias, sleep-wake cycle disorders, sleep disorders associated with blindness, sleep disorders associated with obesity, narcolepsy and sleep disorders associated with shift work or irregular work schedules; nocturnal enuresis, and restless legs syndrome in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising a 5HT7 receptor agonizing or partial agonizing effective amount of a compound of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• a disorder or condition selected from depression, anxiety avoidant personality disorder, premature
• the present invention also relates to a method for treating a disorder or condition selected from depression, anxiety avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), migraine, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, jet lag, sleep disorders such as circadian sleep rhythms disorder, sleep deprivation, REM sleep disorders, hypersomnia, parasomnias, sleep-wake cycle disorders, sleep disorders associated with blindness, sleep disorders associated with obesity, narcolepsy and sleep disorders associated with shift work or irregular work schedules; nocturnal enuresis, and restless legs syndrome in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising administering to a mammal requiring such treatment a 5HT7 receptor agonizing or partial agonizing effective amount of a compound of the formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• eating disorders e.g., anorexia ner
• alkyl may be straight, branched or cyclic, and may include straight and cyclic moieties as well as branched and cyclic moieties.
• alkoxy as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, means “alkyl-O—”, wherein “alkyl” is as defined above.
• alkoxy groups include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy and pentoxy.
• heteroaryl includes an aromatic heterocycle containing five or six ring members, of which from 1 to 4 can be heteroatoms selected, independently, from N, S and O, and which rings can be unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted with substituents selected, independently, from the group consisting of halo, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, and (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy, optionally substituted with from one to three fluorine atoms;
• substituents refers to a number of substituents that equals from one to the maximum number of substituents possible based on the number of available bonding sites.
• halo and “halogen”, as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, include, fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
• treatment refers to reversing, alleviating, inhibiting the progress of, or preventing the disorder or condition to which such term applies, or one or more symptoms of such condition or disorder.
• treatment refers to the act of treating, as “treating” is defined immediately above.
• Compounds of formula I may contain chiral centers and therefore may exist in different enantiomeric and diastereomeric forms.
• This invention relates to all optical isomers and all stereoisomers of compounds of the formula 1, both as racemic mixtures and as individual enantiomers and diastereoisomers of such compounds, and mixtures thereof, and to all pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment defined above that contain or employ them, respectively.
• Those compounds of formula I of this invention that possess one or more asymmetric centers are capable of occurring in various stereoisomeric forms or configurations.
• the compounds can exist in separated (+)- and ( ⁇ )-optically active forms, as well as mixtures thereof.
• the present invention includes all such forms within its scope.
• Individual isomers can be obtained by known methods, such as optical resolution, optically selective reaction, or chromatographic separation in the preparation of the final product or its intermediate.
• Individual enantiomers of the compounds of formula I may have advantages, as compared with the racemic mixtures of these compounds, in the treatment of various disorders or conditions.
• the compounds of formula I of this invention are basic compounds, they are capable of forming a wide variety of different salts with various inorganic and organic acids. Although such salts must be pharmaceutically acceptable for administration to animals, it is often desirable in practice to initially isolate the base compound from the reaction mixture as a pharmaceutically unacceptable salt and then simply convert to the free base compound by treatment with an alkaline reagent and thereafter convert the free base to a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt.
• the acid addition salts of the base compounds of this invention are readily prepared by treating the base compound with a substantially equivalent amount of the chosen mineral or organic acid in an aqueous solvent or in a suitable organic solvent, such as methanol or ethanol. Upon careful evaporation of the solvent, the desired solid salt is readily obtained.
• the acids which are used to prepare the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the aforementioned base compounds of this invention are those which form non-toxic acid addition salts, i.e., salts containing pharmaceutically acceptable anions, such as the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, sulfate or bisulfate, phosphate or acid phosphate, acetate, lactate, citrate or acid citrate, tartrate or bi-tartrate, succinate, maleate, fumarate, gluconate, saccharate, benzoate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and pamoate (i.e., 1,1′-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate))salts.
• non-toxic acid addition salts i.e., salts containing pharmaceutically acceptable anions, such as the hydrochlor
• the present invention also includes isotopically labelled compounds, which are identical to those recited in formula I, but for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature.
• isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the present invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine and chlorine, such as 2 H, 3 H, 13 C, 11 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 O, 17 O, 31 P 32 P, 35 S, 18 F, and 36 Cl, respectively.
• Compounds of the present invention, prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds or of said prodrugs which contain the aforementioned isotopes and/or other isotopes of other atoms are within the scope of this invention.
• Certain isotopically labelled compounds of the present invention, for example those into which radioactive isotopes such as 3 H and 14 C are incorporated, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution assays. Tritiated, i.e., 3 H, and carbon-14, i.e., 14 C, isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation and detectability.
• Isotopically labelled compounds of formula I of this invention and prodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the Schemes and/or in the Examples and Preparations below, by substituting a readily available isotopically labelled reagent for a non-isotopically labelled reagent.
• Scheme 1 illustrates a method of preparing compounds of the formula I from compounds of the formula XI.
• Schemes 2 through 4 illustrate methods of synthesizing the compounds of the formula XI, which are used as starting materials in the methods illustrated in Scheme 1, from the corresponding compounds of formula X.
• Scheme 2 illustrates a method of synthesizing compounds of the formula XI wherein both R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen (also referred to hereinafter as compounds of the formula XIA)
• Scheme 3 illustrates a method of synthesizing compounds of the formula XI wherein neither X nor Y is a halo atom (also referred to hereinafter as compounds of the formula XIB)
• Scheme 4 illustrates a method of synthesizing compounds of the formula XI wherein one or both of X and Y is a halo atom (also referred to hereinafter as compounds of the formula XIC).
• reaction of a compound of the formula XI with 2,6-dibromopiperdine in the presence of anhydrous sodium carbonate or anhydrous sodium bicarbonate yields the corresponding compound of formula XII.
• This reaction is typically conducted in a cyclic ether solvent such as dioxane, THF, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether or ethylene glycol diethyl ether, preferably dioxane or THF at a temperature from about ambient temperature to about the reflux temperature of the solvent, preferably at about the reflux temperature.
• This reaction is typically conducted in a cyclic ether solvent such as those described above for the two foregoing reactions in Scheme 1, preferably dioxane or THF.
• Suitable reaction temperatures can range from about ambient temperature to about the reflux temperature of the solvent.
• the reaction is run at the reflux temperature.
• a compound of the formula X is reacted with a strong base such as sodium or potassium hydride or t-butoxide, a lithium alkyl base or lithium diethyl amide, in a cyclic ether solvent such as dioxane or tetrahydrofuran (THF) or in ethylene glycol dimethyl or diethyl ether, at a temperature from about ⁇ 78° C. to about room temperature.
• THF dioxane or tetrahydrofuran
• ethylene glycol dimethyl or diethyl ether ethylene glycol dimethyl or diethyl ether
• This intermediate can be oxidatively cleaved with sodium periodate (NaIO 4 ) to generate the corresponding aldehyde having formula XIV in an inert solvent such as aqueous THF, at a temperature from about ⁇ 30° C. to about 30° C., preferably at about 0° C.
• H 2 SO 3 aqueous sulfurous acid
• SO 2 saturated aqueous sulfur dioxide
• the compound of formula XVIII can then be converted into the corresponding compound having formula XIB by reacting it with aqueous ammonium chloride or water at a temperature from about 0° C. to about room temperature, preferably at about room temperature.
• the reaction mixture is then poured into aqueous ammonium chloride at about 0° C. and the product is isolated.
• the compound of formula XX is then reacted with an organometallic compound of the formula LiR 3 , using similar solvents and conditions to those specified above for the reaction with LiR 2 to yield the corresponding compound of formula XXI. Quenching the compound of formula XXI with aqueous ammonium chloride or water, at a temperature from about 0° C. to about room temperature, preferably at about room temperature, produces the corresponding compound having formula XIC. If R 2 and R 3 are the same, this can be accomplished in one reaction by increasing the amount of the reagent LiR 2 or LiR 3 to two equivalents.
• the active compounds are potent partial agonists of the serotonin 7A (5-HT7) receptor.
• the active compounds are useful in the treatment of depression, anxiety avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating disorders (e., anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), migraine, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, jet lag, sleep disorders such as circadian sleep rhythms disorder, sleep deprivation, REM sleep disorders, hypersomnia, parasomnias, sleep-wake cycle disorders, sleep disorders associated with obesity, narcolepsy, sleep disorders associated with blindness, and sleep disorders associated with shift work or irregular work schedules; nocturnal enuresis, and restless legs syndrome.
• the affinities of the active compounds for serotonin 7 receptors can be determined using standard radioligand binding assays as described in the literature.
• the 5-HT7 affinity can be measured using the following procedure.
• Betaplate scintillation counter (Wallac/LKB)
• HEK-293 cells expressing rat 5HT7 receptors are grown according to standard cell culture techniques. Cells are harvested by removing the media, rinsing the flasks out with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and then allowed to sit for 2-3 minutes with PBS containing 2.5 mM EDTA. Cells are dislodged and poured into a RcappableS centrifuge tube. Flasks are rinsed with PBS and added to centrifuge tube. The cells are centrifuged for ten minutes at 40,000 ⁇ g (20,000 rpm in a Sorvall SS34 rotor).
• PBS phosphate buffered saline
• Pellets fresh or frozen are homogenized in 50 mM Tris HCl buffer (pH 7.4 at 4 degrees C.) using a Polytron homogenizer (setting 15,000 rpm) for ten seconds in a biologcial hood certified for use with human tissues. The homogenate is centrifuged for ten minutes at 40,000 ⁇ g. The supernatant is discarded and the pellet resuspended with the Polytron in a fresh ice-cold 50 mM Tris HCl (pH 7.4 at 4 degrees) buffer and centrifuged again.
• the final pellet is resuspended in assay buffer (50 mM Tris HCl buffer (pH 7.7 at 25 degrees) containing 0.5 mM EDTA, 10 mM MgSO 4 , 2 mM CaCl 2 ) for a final tissue concentration of 5-15 mg wet weight of original pellet per mL buffer (2 ⁇ final concentration).
• assay buffer 50 mM Tris HCl buffer (pH 7.7 at 25 degrees) containing 0.5 mM EDTA, 10 mM MgSO 4 , 2 mM CaCl 2 ) for a final tissue concentration of 5-15 mg wet weight of original pellet per mL buffer (2 ⁇ final concentration).
• Incubation is initiated by the addition of tissue to V-bottom polypropylene plates (in triplicate). Incubation is at 25 degrees C. for 2 hours.
• Each tube receives:
• ** 3 H-5-CT is made up in assay buffer that contains 40 uM pargyline & 0.4% ascorbic acid (for final concentrations of 10 uM pargyline & 0.1% ascorbic acid).
• Nonspecific binding is determined using 1 uM 5-HT creatinine sulfate. Incubation is ended by rapid filtration under vacuum through fire-treated Whatman GF/B glass fiber filters (presoaked in 0.3% PEI for two hours and dried) using a 96 well Skatron Harvester (3 sec prewet; 20 seconds wash; 15 seconds dry). Filters are put into LKB sample bags with 10 mL BetaScint. Radioactivity is quantified by liquid scintillation counting using a BetaPlate counter (LKB).
• LLB BetaPlate counter
• IC50 value the concentration which inhibits 50% of the specific binding
• the following assay can be used to evaluate the functional activity of compounds at 5HT7 receptors.
• Cells are grown according to standard cell culture techniques. Cells are harvested by replacing the media with phosphate-buffered saline containing 2.5 mM EDTA. The cells are homogenized using a hand-held glass-teflon homogenizer. The homogenate is centrifuged at 35,000 ⁇ g for 10 minutes at 4 degrees C. The pellet is resuspended in 100 mM HEPES buffer containing 1 mM EGTA (pH 7.5) to a final protein concentration of 40 microgram protein per tube.
• the Reaction Mix is prepared so that the following agents will be at these final concentrations in tube: 4.0mM MgCl 2 , 0.5m MATP, 1.0m McAMP, 0.5 mM IBMX, 10 mM, phosphocreatine, 0.31 mg/mL creatine phosphokinase, and 100 uM GTP0.5-1 microcuries a-[ 32 P]-ATP per tube.
• Each tube receives:
• the maximal effect of agonists is defined in terms of the maximal effect of serotonin (5-HT). Antagonists are evaluated by their ability to inhibit 5HT-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. IC50 values are converted to apparent Ki values by the following equation: IC50/(1+([agonist]/EC50 of agonist)).
• Activity of the active compounds as antidepressants and related pharmacological properties can be determined by methods (1)-(4) below, which are described in Koe, B. et al., Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 226 (3), 686-700 (1983), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• activity can be determined by studying (1) their ability to affect the efforts of mice to escape from a swim-tank (Porsolt mouse “behavior despair” test), (2) their ability to potentiate 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced behavioral symptoms in mice in vivo, (3) their ability to antagonize the serotonin-depleting activity of p-chloroamphetamine hydrochloride in rat brain in vivo, and (4) their ability to block the uptake of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine by synaptosomal rat brain cells in vitro.
• the ability of the active compounds to counteract reserpine hypothermia in mice in vivo can be determined according to the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,029,731, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

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• Psychiatry (AREA)
• Nutrition Science (AREA)
• Anesthesiology (AREA)
• Endocrinology (AREA)
• Reproductive Health (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
• Pyridine Compounds (AREA)

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• 2002
  • 2002-02-13 US US10/075,910 patent/US20030008880A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-04-19 JP JP2002117420A patent/JP2003012648A/ja active Pending
  • 2002-04-24 DK DK02252903T patent/DK1254905T3/da active
  • 2002-04-24 AT AT02252903T patent/ATE256678T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-04-24 DE DE60200135T patent/DE60200135T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-04-24 EP EP02252903A patent/EP1254905B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-04-24 ES ES02252903T patent/ES2210218T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-04-24 PT PT02252903T patent/PT1254905E/pt unknown
  • 2002-04-24 TR TR2004/00027T patent/TR200400027T4/xx unknown
  • 2002-04-30 MX MXPA02004409A patent/MXPA02004409A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2002-04-30 CA CA002384344A patent/CA2384344A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-05-02 BR BR0201569-2A patent/BR0201569A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2003
  • 2003-07-10 US US10/617,967 patent/US7009051B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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