US20030006267A1 - Room temperature gold wire bonding - Google Patents

Room temperature gold wire bonding Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030006267A1
US20030006267A1 US09/882,135 US88213501A US2003006267A1 US 20030006267 A1 US20030006267 A1 US 20030006267A1 US 88213501 A US88213501 A US 88213501A US 2003006267 A1 US2003006267 A1 US 2003006267A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
gold
wire
bond pad
bond
holder
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US09/882,135
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English (en)
Inventor
Kim Chen
Soojin Choi
Chun Chan
Johnny Nigos
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Agilent Technologies Inc
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Agilent Technologies Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Agilent Technologies Inc filed Critical Agilent Technologies Inc
Priority to US09/882,135 priority Critical patent/US20030006267A1/en
Assigned to AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. reassignment AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHAN, CHUN YEE, CHEN, KIM H., CHOI, SOOJIN, NIGOS, JOHNNY MONIS
Assigned to AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. reassignment AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHAN, CHUN YEE, CHEN, KIM H., CHOI, SOOJIN, NIGOS, JOHNNY MONIS
Priority to EP01130915A priority patent/EP1266715A1/en
Priority to JP2002170867A priority patent/JP2003031606A/ja
Priority to US10/241,495 priority patent/US6698646B2/en
Publication of US20030006267A1 publication Critical patent/US20030006267A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H01L24/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
    • H01L24/85—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a wire connector
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/002—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K20/004—Wire welding
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of wire interconnect, and more particularly to gold wire bonding at room temperature.
  • Wire bonding is used to electrically connect two devices together.
  • wire bonding connects IC chips to package leadframes or printed circuit boards (PCB).
  • PCB printed circuit boards
  • Aluminum and gold are the predominant choices for the wire used in wire bonding. Gold is more conductive, malleable, and resistant to corrosion than aluminum, so it is the preferred interconnect metal when the aforementioned properties are important.
  • thermocompression and thermosonic bonding Two common methods for bonding gold wire are thermocompression and thermosonic bonding.
  • thermocompression pressure and heat are applied to the wire and bond pad interface to make a metallic bond.
  • the heating of the interface results in temperatures around 250 degrees Celsius.
  • thermosonic bonding heat and ultrasonic energy are applied to the wire and bond pad interface to form a metallic bond.
  • Typical temperatures for thermosonic bonding are around 125 degrees Celsius. Both methods require heat to make a bond.
  • Unfortunately there are many sensitive devices such as the Agilent All Optical Switch that cannot tolerate high heat. The elevated temperatures used in both thermocompression and thermosonic bonding would ruin these devices.
  • Devices bonded using these two methods also require warm-up and cool-down periods during assembly. These time-consuming delays slow down the entire manufacturing process.
  • the present invention is a method for bonding gold wire at lower temperatures, and more particularly at room temperature, defined to be 25 degrees Celsius. By applying compressive force and ultrasonic energy, an intermetallic bond can be formed between a gold wire and a gold bond pad without applying heat. Furthermore, the present invention uses ultrasonic energy with frequencies low enough to be in the range of commercially available wire bonders.
  • the gold wire is vibrated against a gold bond pad at frequencies between 100-138 kHz, with power between 75-220 mW, a force between 40-150 grams, and a bond time between 20-70 milliseconds.
  • Commercially available bonders such as the Advanced Semiconductor Materials (ASM) AB 339 can readily produce these aforementioned parameters. No modification of the AB 339 is needed to bond gold wire to gold bond pads at room temperature.
  • ASM Advanced Semiconductor Materials
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of prior art, illustrating the steps required to bond gold wire to gold bond pads.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the present invention, illustrating the steps required to bond gold wire to gold bond pads.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an apparatus used to implement room temperature gold wire bonding.
  • the present invention is a method to bond gold wire to a gold bond pad at room temperature, using commercially available wire bonders. Ultrasonic energy and compressive force are applied to the gold wire and gold bond pad interface, without elevating the temperature, to create a metallic bond.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart diagramming the steps taken in prior art to bond gold wire to a gold bond pad.
  • the surfaces of the gold bond pads are thoroughly cleaned using a process known as plasma cleaning. Plasma cleaning cleans at a molecular level by bombarding the surfaces with ionized gas such as argon.
  • a gold ball is formed at an end of the gold wire by electrically sparking the bonding end of the gold wire.
  • the gold ball is pressed against the surface of a first gold bond pad, typically on an IC. The next step depends on whether thermocompression or thermosonic bonding is selected.
  • Step 107 A describes thermocompression: heat and compressive force are simultaneously applied to the gold ball and first gold bond pad to form a ball bond.
  • Step 107 B describes thermosonic bonding: heat and ultrasonic energy are simultaneously applied to the gold ball and first gold bond pad to form a ball bond.
  • the gold wire is drawn to a second gold bond pad, typically on a package leadframe or a PCB, to form a wire loop 109 .
  • the gold wire is pressed against the second gold bond pad in Step 111 .
  • either thermocompression 113 A or thermosonic 113 B bonding is selected again to form a metallic bond.
  • the bond formed at this point is known as a wedge bond.
  • the wire is cut and withdrawn 115 .
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating the method of a preferred embodiment made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Steps 101 , 103 , 105 , 109 , 111 , and 115 remain as described in the prior art of FIG. 1. However, in Step 201 , the compressive force and ultrasonic energy are applied together, without heat, to form a metallic bond between the gold ball and the gold bond pad. Similarly in Step 203 , compressive force and ultrasonic energy are applied together, without heat, to form a metallic bond between the gold wire and gold bond pad.
  • Steps 201 and 203 The goal of Steps 201 and 203 is to produce a good bond at room temperature, a bond with the same strength as the bonds created by high-temperature methods such as thermocompression or thermosonic bonding.
  • a good bond For a 0.0013-inch diameter gold wire, a good bond has a minimum pull strength of 8 grams, and a minimum shear strength of 45 grams.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary apparatus to bond gold wire to a gold bond pad.
  • a holder 301 holds a gold wire 303 .
  • the end of the gold wire 303 has a gold ball 305 , created as described in Step 103 of FIG. 2.
  • the gold ball 305 is in contact with a gold bond pad 307 , with a thickness T.
  • a pressure source 311 applies compressive force on the holder 301 , the gold wire 303 , and the gold ball 305 , pushing the gold ball 305 against the gold bond pad 307 , with a force in the range listed in Table 1.
  • the holder 301 is connected to a vibration source 309 , such as a transducer, that vibrates the gold wire 303 at the desired frequencies and powers listed in Table 1.
  • the thickness T of the gold bond pad and the purity of the gold in the gold bond pad will affect the quality of the bond between the gold wire 303 and gold bond pad 307 .
  • the gold bond pad should ideally be about 0.75 to 1.3 microns thick. Additionally, the gold bond pad should be plated using an electrolytic process to ensure gold purity and uniformity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wire Bonding (AREA)
US09/882,135 2001-06-14 2001-06-14 Room temperature gold wire bonding Abandoned US20030006267A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/882,135 US20030006267A1 (en) 2001-06-14 2001-06-14 Room temperature gold wire bonding
EP01130915A EP1266715A1 (en) 2001-06-14 2001-12-27 Gold wire bonding at room temperature
JP2002170867A JP2003031606A (ja) 2001-06-14 2002-06-12 金線ボンディング方法、装置、及びシステム
US10/241,495 US6698646B2 (en) 2001-06-14 2002-09-11 Room temperature gold wire bonding

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/882,135 US20030006267A1 (en) 2001-06-14 2001-06-14 Room temperature gold wire bonding

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/241,495 Division US6698646B2 (en) 2001-06-14 2002-09-11 Room temperature gold wire bonding

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CN106863070A (zh) * 2017-04-10 2017-06-20 东莞市金龙珠宝首饰有限公司 钉砂机

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US6698646B2 (en) 2004-03-02
JP2003031606A (ja) 2003-01-31

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