US20020170666A1 - Method for inductively heating a substrate and a coating on a substrate - Google Patents

Method for inductively heating a substrate and a coating on a substrate Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020170666A1
US20020170666A1 US10/015,421 US1542101A US2002170666A1 US 20020170666 A1 US20020170666 A1 US 20020170666A1 US 1542101 A US1542101 A US 1542101A US 2002170666 A1 US2002170666 A1 US 2002170666A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
coating
substrate
heating
susceptor element
susceptor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/015,421
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English (en)
Inventor
Amarjit Tathgur
Dilip Tailor
David Seepersaud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shawcor Ltd
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Assigned to SHAWCOR LTD. reassignment SHAWCOR LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SEEPERSAUD, DAVID, TAILOR, DILIP K., TATHGUR, AMARJIT
Publication of US20020170666A1 publication Critical patent/US20020170666A1/en
Priority to US10/916,904 priority Critical patent/US7012227B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/0065—Heat treatment
    • B29C63/0069—Heat treatment of tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • F16L47/03—Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
    • F16L58/18—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation specially adapted for pipe fittings
    • F16L58/181—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation specially adapted for pipe fittings for non-disconnectible pipe joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0811—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using induction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C73/00—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D
    • B29C73/24—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • B29C73/30—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for for local pressing or local heating
    • B29C73/34—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for for local pressing or local heating for local heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0049—Heat shrinkable

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for inductively heating a substrate and a coating on the substrate.
  • the present method overcomes problems that can arise when attempting to heat substrates having coatings, particularly relatively thick and poorly heat conductive, for example plastic coatings.
  • coatings particularly relatively thick and poorly heat conductive, for example plastic coatings.
  • induction heating to heat polyolefin coated pipe
  • difficulties can arise when the coating is relatively thick.
  • the coating is greater than about 3 mm thick, for example 6.0 mm thick or greater, it has been found that induction heating is incapable of raising the exterior surface of the polypropylene coating to the desired temperature without prolonged and intensive induction heating that tends to excessively heat the steel substrate with the result that the coating components degrade, deform and decompose.
  • the present invention provides a method for heating a substrate and a coating on said substrate comprising applying on the coating a susceptor element, wherein said susceptor and substrate are inductively heatable, and inductively energizing the element and substrate to cause said substrate and coating to be heated.
  • the susceptor element may function as a mould as described in more detail in our copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/684,788 filed Oct. 10, 2000 the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the procedure of the present invention has a number of other surprising advantages. It has been found that the procedure of the invention provides the opportunity to tailor the temperature profile of the substrate and of the coating to meet the requirements of, for example, a particular covering system as may be dictated by, for example, pipe diameter, wall thickness, coating type and coating thickness.
  • the inductive frequency may be such as to effect skin effect heating or may heat the substrate and susceptor element through their thickness.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially schematic longitudinal cross section through a wall of a coated pipe joint in the course of application of a heat shrinkable covering.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross section through a coated pipe wall showing heating of a discrete area of the wall for the purpose of application of a repair patch.
  • FIG. 3 shows the completed repair.
  • FIG. 1 shows by way of example pipe sections the walls 11 and 12 of which welded together at a weld joint 13 .
  • each pipe section 11 and 12 has a mainline coating 14 and 16 thereon.
  • the main line coating may comprise a polyolefin, for example polypropylene.
  • the pipes 11 and 12 are usually steel. End portions 19 and 21 of the pipe are bare of the coatings 14 and 16 to allow the weld to be accomplished, and are usually referred to as cut-back portions. These cut-back portions 19 and 21 may have a coating (not shown) of a curable primer composition, for example an epoxy composition.
  • the coatings 14 and 16 may be, for example, of a multi-component type, comprising an outer polyolefin, for example polypropylene, coating on an inner polypropylene adhesive coating, the latter being applied directly on the metal pipe, or over the above-mentioned curable primer.
  • an outer polyolefin for example polypropylene
  • an inner polypropylene adhesive coating the latter being applied directly on the metal pipe, or over the above-mentioned curable primer.
  • a susceptor element that, in the example shown, is in the form of a metal band 22 is placed.
  • the metal band 22 may be, for example, a flexible metal strip that extends around the girth of the pipe, and has its ends overlapping and connected by quick release fasteners, such as toggle latches or the like.
  • the metal bands 22 when secured around the girth of the pipe snugly engage the outer surface of the coatings 14 and 16 .
  • a heat insulating band 23 is applied over the exterior of the metal band 22 , to reduce heat loss.
  • an induction coil 24 Outwardly from the assembly is shown an induction coil 24 .
  • the induction coil 24 is energized in order to inductively heat the metal of the pipes 11 and 12 as well as the weld joint 13 , and to heat the metal bands 22 , so that the coatings 14 and 16 are heated by conduction from the bands 22 as well as from the metal of the pipes 11 and 12 .
  • the induction coil is slid longitudinally to one side, the susceptor elements 22 and insulation bands 23 removed and a heat activatable sleeve is applied over the pipe joint area.
  • sleeves and the techniques for applying them are well known to those skilled in the art, and sleeves may be applied in a conventional manner. In a preferred form, however, a sleeve may be applied as described in our above mentioned patent application No. PCT/CA01/01425.
  • the metal bands 22 perform the function of moulds, serving to maintain the uniformity, continuity and profile of the coatings 14 and 16 .
  • susceptor elements in the form of structures other than bands can be employed.
  • this illustrates application of a susceptor element 26 in the course of repair of a puncture or holiday 27 in a coating 28 on a pipe wall 29 .
  • the susceptor element may be adapted for heating a discrete area and will therefore be substantially smaller in size than the girth of the pipe, but should be somewhat greater than the size of the puncture.
  • the susceptor element 26 may be, for example, a metal plate approximately 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm.
  • the susceptor element 26 has a curvature matching the curvature matching the curvature of the pipe wall 29 .
  • a 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm metal plate having the same curvature as the curvature of the pipe wall 29 is placed over the puncture 27 and the element 26 , together with the underlying portion of the pipe wall 29 is subjected to an induction field applied from an induction coil 31 , thereby heating the coating 28 .
  • an induction field applied from an induction coil 31 thereby heating the coating 28 .
  • the heated coating 24 is applied over the heated coating 24 and may be further heated, for example by application of hot gas, for example from a torch flame, or by pressing the repair patch with the element 26 and subjecting it to an induction field, so that the adhesive 33 is caused to melt and flow to fill the opening 27 , as seen in FIG. 3.
  • the assembly is then allowed to cool.
  • a pipe joint area between polypropylene coated pipe was heated by induction heating without use of a susceptor element.
  • the pipe joint had the following characteristics. Pipe Diameter 600 mm Pipe wall thickness 37.5 mm Steel total cutback 300 mm (length of portion bare of coating) Coating length to be heated 75 mm from the edge of cutback Coating thickness 2.5 mm
  • the pipe joint area was heated using an induction coil, and the temperature of the coatings and the steel were determined using thermocouples.
  • Comparative Example I was repeated except the thickness of the coating was 6.0 mm.
  • an advantage of the method of the present invention is that it permits the user to manipulate and tailor the temperature profile of a weld joint and more specifically, the temperature achieved at the metal surface of the cutback and in the coating, respectively, and can accommodate variations in the characteristics of the pipeline structure, differing, for example, with respect to the pipe diameter, wall thickness, coating type and the coating thickness.
  • the rate of heating can be adjusted. It has been found that, when heating is done at a slower rate, the final coating surface temperature is higher. This can be explained by the fact there is more time available for heat diffusion from the metal band (as well as from the pipe metal underneath) into the coating.
  • a heat insulating material such as calcium silicate or glass fibre may be placed under the susceptor element and can serve to slow down the heat transference, thereby allowing control of the temperature of the coating surface.
  • the above Example may be modified by employing a polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon trade-mark) coated glass fibre fabric adhered to the bottom of the steel band.
  • Teflon trade-mark a polytetrafluoroethylene coated glass fibre fabric adhered to the bottom of the steel band.
  • Teflon (trade-mark) coated fabric provides the further advantage that it acts as a release agent, avoiding any tendency for the steel band or other susceptor element to bond to the coating.
  • the heating rate can be slowed.
  • perforate or foraminous materials include metal wools, such as steel wool, metal mesh, for example steel mesh fabrics such as netting, and perforate susceptor elements such as perforated steel bands.
  • the Example described above was carried out keeping an open circuit in the heating band. This was achieved by disposing electrical insulation between the overlapping ends of the band. In the Example above, at 60 KW, heating of the coating to 155° C. was achieved in 6 min. However, when a closed circuit was used, wherein the overlapped ends were in contact, the band heated up extremely quickly. The 155° C. temperature was achieved in 35 seconds. Hence, by using an open or a closed circuit, the heating rate can be altered significantly.
  • the use of the susceptor element in accordance with the invention includes but is not limited to the application of heat shrink sleeves.
  • Other joint protection systems such as flame sprayed powders, heat shrink tapes and welded wrap-around polypropylene sheets, for example polypropylene sheets can be applied to substrates heated employing the method in accordance with the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Recrystallisation Techniques (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
US10/015,421 2000-12-15 2001-12-12 Method for inductively heating a substrate and a coating on a substrate Abandoned US20020170666A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/916,904 US7012227B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2004-08-12 Method for applying or repairing a coating on a substrate by inductive heating

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2,328,578 2000-12-15
CA2328578A CA2328578C (en) 2000-12-15 2000-12-15 Method for inductively heating a substrate and a coating on said substrate

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/916,904 Division US7012227B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2004-08-12 Method for applying or repairing a coating on a substrate by inductive heating

Publications (1)

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US20020170666A1 true US20020170666A1 (en) 2002-11-21

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US10/015,421 Abandoned US20020170666A1 (en) 2000-12-15 2001-12-12 Method for inductively heating a substrate and a coating on a substrate
US10/916,904 Expired - Fee Related US7012227B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2004-08-12 Method for applying or repairing a coating on a substrate by inductive heating

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Country Status (9)

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US (2) US20020170666A1 (ru)
EP (1) EP1341656B1 (ru)
AT (1) ATE361823T1 (ru)
CA (1) CA2328578C (ru)
DE (1) DE60128389T2 (ru)
EA (1) EA005086B1 (ru)
GC (1) GC0000380A (ru)
MX (1) MXPA03002132A (ru)
WO (1) WO2002053343A1 (ru)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060051517A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Eastman Kodak Company Thermally controlled fluidic self-assembly method and support
EP2076703A2 (en) * 2006-09-29 2009-07-08 Offshore Joint Services, Inc. Pipeline field joint coating for wet insulation with improved adhesion
JP2016044788A (ja) * 2014-08-26 2016-04-04 佳寿 野村 埋設管の接続部の被覆方法、その方法に使用される充填材、および被覆装置
US11452313B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2022-09-27 Nicoventures Trading Limited Apparatus for heating smokable material
US11659863B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2023-05-30 Nicoventures Trading Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US11672279B2 (en) 2011-09-06 2023-06-13 Nicoventures Trading Limited Heating smokeable material
US11924930B2 (en) * 2015-08-31 2024-03-05 Nicoventures Trading Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMI20062402A1 (it) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-15 Saipem Spa Metodo e apparecchiatura di giunzione di spezzoni di tubo per realizzare tubazioni sottomarine e natante di posa di tubazioni sottomarine comprendente tale apparecchiatura
DE102011004078B4 (de) * 2011-02-14 2012-10-31 Aloys Wobben Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum induktiven Abisolieren von Drähten und/oder Profilen
NL2006881C2 (en) * 2011-06-01 2012-12-04 Heerema Marine Contractors Nl Heating of pipe sections.
GB2520717B (en) 2013-11-28 2016-04-06 Subsea 7 Ltd Techniques for coating pipeline field joints
US11904555B2 (en) * 2022-01-03 2024-02-20 Rohr, Inc. Induction welding of thermoplastic with metallic strips

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US4224494A (en) * 1976-10-05 1980-09-23 Tocco-Stel Brazing press for brazing claddings to pressings including a flat bottom surrounded by curved portions
US4334354A (en) * 1977-07-12 1982-06-15 Trw Inc. Method of fabricating a solar array
US4778948A (en) * 1983-08-04 1988-10-18 Raychem Limited Cable joint
US4818833A (en) * 1987-12-21 1989-04-04 United Technologies Corporation Apparatus for radiantly heating blade tips
US5504308A (en) * 1994-06-15 1996-04-02 Kabushikikaisha Fujipula Seiko Synthetic resin tube for bending use and its bending method
US5919387A (en) * 1996-04-03 1999-07-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration Inductive systems for bonding and joining pipes
US5926936A (en) * 1995-10-12 1999-07-27 Nitto Denko Corporation Method for applying corrosion-protective coating to joint between corrosion-protectively coated steel pipes

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3723212A (en) * 1971-04-26 1973-03-27 Iron Mountain Inc Heat sealing apparatus and method
US4224494A (en) * 1976-10-05 1980-09-23 Tocco-Stel Brazing press for brazing claddings to pressings including a flat bottom surrounded by curved portions
US4334354A (en) * 1977-07-12 1982-06-15 Trw Inc. Method of fabricating a solar array
US4778948A (en) * 1983-08-04 1988-10-18 Raychem Limited Cable joint
US4818833A (en) * 1987-12-21 1989-04-04 United Technologies Corporation Apparatus for radiantly heating blade tips
US5504308A (en) * 1994-06-15 1996-04-02 Kabushikikaisha Fujipula Seiko Synthetic resin tube for bending use and its bending method
US5926936A (en) * 1995-10-12 1999-07-27 Nitto Denko Corporation Method for applying corrosion-protective coating to joint between corrosion-protectively coated steel pipes
US5919387A (en) * 1996-04-03 1999-07-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration Inductive systems for bonding and joining pipes

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060051517A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Eastman Kodak Company Thermally controlled fluidic self-assembly method and support
EP2076703A2 (en) * 2006-09-29 2009-07-08 Offshore Joint Services, Inc. Pipeline field joint coating for wet insulation with improved adhesion
EP2076703A4 (en) * 2006-09-29 2010-10-06 Offshore Joint Services Inc Duct seal for wet insulation with improved adhesion
US11672279B2 (en) 2011-09-06 2023-06-13 Nicoventures Trading Limited Heating smokeable material
JP2016044788A (ja) * 2014-08-26 2016-04-04 佳寿 野村 埋設管の接続部の被覆方法、その方法に使用される充填材、および被覆装置
US11659863B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2023-05-30 Nicoventures Trading Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US11924930B2 (en) * 2015-08-31 2024-03-05 Nicoventures Trading Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US11452313B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2022-09-27 Nicoventures Trading Limited Apparatus for heating smokable material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60128389T2 (de) 2008-01-10
CA2328578C (en) 2010-10-12
US20050031798A1 (en) 2005-02-10
ATE361823T1 (de) 2007-06-15
MXPA03002132A (es) 2004-12-13
EP1341656B1 (en) 2007-05-09
CA2328578A1 (en) 2002-06-15
EA200300573A1 (ru) 2003-12-25
WO2002053343A1 (en) 2002-07-11
EP1341656A1 (en) 2003-09-10
EA005086B1 (ru) 2004-10-28
GC0000380A (en) 2007-03-31
US7012227B2 (en) 2006-03-14
DE60128389D1 (de) 2007-06-21

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