US1913423A - Precious metal alloy - Google Patents

Precious metal alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
US1913423A
US1913423A US335481A US33548129A US1913423A US 1913423 A US1913423 A US 1913423A US 335481 A US335481 A US 335481A US 33548129 A US33548129 A US 33548129A US 1913423 A US1913423 A US 1913423A
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United States
Prior art keywords
alloy
palladium
alloys
copper
less
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US335481A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edmund M Wise
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huntington Alloys Corp
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International Nickel Co Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by International Nickel Co Inc filed Critical International Nickel Co Inc
Priority to US335481A priority Critical patent/US1913423A/en
Priority to US417335A priority patent/US1935897A/en
Priority to FR688967D priority patent/FR688967A/fr
Priority to GB2926/30A priority patent/GB354216A/en
Priority to DE1930622580D priority patent/DE622580C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1913423A publication Critical patent/US1913423A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/14—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of noble metals or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improved alloys of palladium, silver and copper, and to a novel method of heat-treating the same, and more particularl to alloys of the above metals having a l iigh tarnish and corrosion resistance, a high hardness value and other characteristics which render them especially suitable for dental use, and for other advantageous uses such as heat and electrical conductors.
  • One of the objects of the invention is to provide an improved metal alloy which is white in color, which is resistant to corrosion, and which is both strong and ductile.
  • Another object is to provide a metal alloy which is particularly adapted for dental, and electrical and heat conductive purposes.
  • Another object is to provide an alloy having a high resistance to tarnish, and one having a comparatively high hardness value and tensile strength.
  • the invention also consists in certain new and original features of construction and combinations of parts'hereinafter set forth and claimed.
  • Fig. 1 is a ternary diagram showing the range in composition of an alloy of palladium, silver and copper in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a ternary diagramshowing the composition of the alloys divided in accordance with tarnish resistance
  • Fig. 3 is a ternary diagram range of hardenable alloys
  • Fig. 4 is a ternary diagram showing the range of alloys which are particularly suitable for dental purposes.
  • Fig. 5 is a graphic diagram showing the efiect of heat treatment at various temperatures on the hardness of certain alloys.
  • alloys consisting of palladium, silver and copper have been found to have a resistance to tarnish and corrosion which is dependent upon the relative percentages of the various metals and sometimes upon the heat treatment to which they are subjected. lying in the area A B C of the diagram of Fig. 2 have been found to be substantially completely resistant to both tarnish and cor- Alloys rosion. Alloys lying in the area D E B A of that diagram are largely resistant to tarnish and corrosion and may be-considered within a useful range, while the remaining alloys possess this property to a less degree.
  • the area A B C may be approximately represented analytically by stating that the palladium represents from 35% to 98% and is not less than 35+ (ti/7X Cu), the copper content being not lessthan 1% and the silver constituting the remainder of the alloy, but being not less than 1% of the total.
  • the area .of useful alloys represented as D E C 0n the diagram may be defined analytically as containing from 25% to 98% palladium, the palladium content being not less than 25+ (4/11 X Cu), the copper being not less than 1% with the silver constituting substantially the remainder of the alloys, but being not less than 1%.
  • the last equation relating to the minimum percentage of palladium required may be approximated by the following equation expressed in percent:
  • Palladium is more than the 1 quantity (22+ the percentage of copper).
  • the resistance to corrosion and tarnish 'represented by the curves of Fig. 2 was de-' termined by subjecting the alloys to moist H S vapor.
  • the arrangement used consisted of a desiccator containin a solution of sulphuric acid in water (43 H SO by wt.) This solution will maintain 50% relative humidity in the desiccator.
  • a small beaker containing a solution of sodium polysulphide was also placed in the bottom of the desiccator which maintains a small concentration of H S in the chamber.
  • the vapor also contains a trace of H 80
  • the samples prepared by polishing and rubbing with dry alumina were placed on a tray in the desiccator and allowed to remain fifteen hours or longer as indicated. The specimens were then removed and half of the specimen rubbed with alumina to remove any tarnish that might be present.
  • Palladium is less than the quantity (42+ the percentage of copper).
  • temperatures for heat treatment may be varied within considerable limits. Desired results have been obtained by heating the alloys to a temperature in excess of 700 C. and then quenching in water. It was found that in this way the tensile strength and hardness were materially. decreased while the ductility was in creased, so that the quenched alloy could be cold rolled or drawn into wire or sheet form. An increase in tensile strength and hardness was obtained by heating this quenched alloy for a period of time varying from 15 minutes to an hour at a temperature of from about 350 or 400 to 500 or 550 C. and then allowing the alloy to cool slowly.
  • Fig. 5 The increase in hardness on the Rockwell B scale is illustrated for two representative alloys in Fig. 5, the alloys having been previously treated at 860 and quenched and subsequently treated at the temperature indicated on the diagram for a period of aproximately 30 minutes and quenched.
  • urve 6 shows the results of heat treatment of an alloy of 40% Pd, 45% Ag, 15% Cu.
  • Curve 7 re resents an alloy of 40% Pd, 46% Ag, 10% u and 4% Ni. It is to be noted that for the alloys shown, a reheating temerature of 450 C. was found to produce the st results.
  • the alloy may be annealed at a temperature in excess of 00 C. and cooled from this temperature at a rate substantially slower than air cooling.
  • the desired rate may be conveniently obtained by permitting the alloy to cool in silocel.
  • an alloy having a composition of 3555% Pd, 55-5% Ag and the remainder Cu can be given a tensile strength in excess of 100,000 pounds per square inch by suitable heat treatment.
  • the influence of heat treatment on the tensile strength of an alloy containing substantially 40% palladium, 40% silver and 20% copper may be noted.
  • the ultimate strength of this alloy after quenching from 860 C. was 97,400 lbs. per square inch. After aging for 30 minutes at 450 C. and quenching, the tensile strength increased to 149,000lbs. per square inch and after aging for 30 minutes at 450 C. and slow cooling, the tensile strength was increased to 171,000 lbs. per square inch.
  • an alloy which may be hardened to a certain degree and which will be largely resistant to tarnish and corrosion.
  • a suitable range of alloys for this purpose is represented by the area within curve FGHI of Fig. 4. It is to be noted that this range is located in that area at which substantial hardness may be obtained, as shown in Fig. 3, and in which a high degree of tarnish and corrosion resistance is obtained, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the alloys described are all substantially white with practically a total absence of other colors. This white color renders these alloys especially suitable for dental purposes. Furthermore, when properly heat treated, they are of comparatively high electrical conductivity, which in connection with their non-corrosive properties, renders them most suitable for electrical contacts. The density of the alloys is relatively low and therefore their costs per unit volume is lower than that of man of the gold alloys which they replace.
  • Alloys in which palladium is present in amounts of less than 25% ossess a high heat and electrical conductivity and have a meltin point much higher than coppersil-v ver a1 oys containing no palladium. These alloys may be useful in cases where color and tarnish resistance are "of less importance. Alloys containing 30-90% Pd with copper I the principal remainder may be useful for electrical contacts. Two alloys which have. been found particularlyfsuitable for this purpose comprise Pd 80%, Cu 20% and Pd 58%. and Cu 42%.
  • various other elements may be present in small amounts de ending upon the particular requirements 0 the alloy.
  • the soundness and denseness of the castings may be improved as for instance by the presence of a deoxidizer such as zinc, silicon oron, magnesium or calcium or compounds thereof.
  • the deoxidizer should be a metal or metalloid such that the heat of formation of its oxide is substantially v in excess of the heat-of'formation ofcopper oxide, in order toinsure the complete deoxidation of the alloy.
  • Calcium boride in an amount of a proximately .2 percent has been found suita 1e for this purpose.
  • Small amounts of other metals may be added to the above alloys without departinlgl from the spirit of the invention.
  • Sma amounts of noble metals such as gold, platinum and rhodium may be resent and base metals such asnickel or co alt may be present up to about 4%.
  • the alloy may be cooled as by air cooling from a high temperature, for example 860 C. and subsequently age hardenedas above described.
  • the cooling in this case should be sufficient to prevent. the formation of substantial amounts of a compound composed of palladium and copper in the approximate ratio of their atomic weights. It has also been found that slow cooling of alloys within the hardenable range serves to increase their electrical conductivity.
  • a method of increasing the electrical conductivity of a palladium, silver, cop er alloy comprising approximately 40% pa adium 5% to 20% copper and the remainder silver, which comprises heatin said alloy to .a temperature in excess of 00 C. and slowly cooling the same from this temperature.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Dental Preparations (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
US335481A 1929-01-28 1929-01-28 Precious metal alloy Expired - Lifetime US1913423A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US335481A US1913423A (en) 1929-01-28 1929-01-28 Precious metal alloy
US417335A US1935897A (en) 1929-01-28 1929-12-30 Precious metal alloy
FR688967D FR688967A (fr) 1929-01-28 1930-01-27 Perfectionnements aux procédés de préparation des alliages du palladium, de l'argent et du cuivre et produits obtenus
GB2926/30A GB354216A (en) 1929-01-28 1930-01-28 Improvements in or relating to alloys of palladium, silver and copper
DE1930622580D DE622580C (de) 1929-01-28 1930-01-29 Palladium-Kupfer-Silber-Legierungen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US335481A US1913423A (en) 1929-01-28 1929-01-28 Precious metal alloy

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US1913423A true US1913423A (en) 1933-06-13

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US (1) US1913423A (de)
DE (1) DE622580C (de)
FR (1) FR688967A (de)
GB (1) GB354216A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3424577A (en) * 1966-05-25 1969-01-28 Jelenko & Co Inc J F Metal alloy composition
US5051235A (en) * 1987-06-26 1991-09-24 Comptoir Lyon-Alemand-Louyot, Societe Anonyme Novel palladium-based alloys containing indium bismuth, silver and copper
US5330713A (en) * 1991-12-09 1994-07-19 Daniel Davitz Gold-colored alloy
US9194024B1 (en) * 2010-05-17 2015-11-24 Stuller, Inc. Jewelry article of white precious metals and methods for making the same
US9217190B2 (en) 2011-09-01 2015-12-22 Stuller, Inc. Sterling silver alloy and articles made from same
JP2019508592A (ja) * 2016-01-29 2019-03-28 デリンジャー−ニー・インコーポレイテッドＤｅｒｉｎｇｅｒ−Ｎｅｙ， Ｉｎｃ． パラジウム基合金
EP3960890A1 (de) 2020-09-01 2022-03-02 Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Palladium-kupfer-silber-ruthenium-legierung
EP4234733A1 (de) 2022-02-28 2023-08-30 Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Palladium-kupfer-silber-legeriung
EP4325227A1 (de) 2022-08-16 2024-02-21 Heraeus Precious Metals GmbH & Co. KG Bandförmiger verbundwerkstoff für prüfnadeln
KR102681572B1 (ko) 2016-01-29 2024-07-03 데링거-니, 인크. 팔라듐계 합금

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE767436C (de) * 1934-04-25 1952-09-08 Baker & Company Edelmetallegierung
DE750239C (de) * 1936-02-28 1945-01-03 Johnson Matthey Co Ltd Verwendung von Palladiumlegierungen fuer Schreibfederspitzen
DE750343C (de) * 1937-04-24 1945-01-09 Heraeus Gmbh W C Goldlegierungen fuer Trauringe
DE741093C (de) * 1937-08-17 1943-11-04 Heimerle & Meule Komm Ges Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formstuecken aus Palladium-Silber-Legierungen
DE947742C (de) * 1951-10-25 1956-08-23 Heraeus Gmbh W C Verwendung von Palladium-Legierungen fuer elektrische Kontakte

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3424577A (en) * 1966-05-25 1969-01-28 Jelenko & Co Inc J F Metal alloy composition
US5051235A (en) * 1987-06-26 1991-09-24 Comptoir Lyon-Alemand-Louyot, Societe Anonyme Novel palladium-based alloys containing indium bismuth, silver and copper
US5330713A (en) * 1991-12-09 1994-07-19 Daniel Davitz Gold-colored alloy
US9194024B1 (en) * 2010-05-17 2015-11-24 Stuller, Inc. Jewelry article of white precious metals and methods for making the same
US9217190B2 (en) 2011-09-01 2015-12-22 Stuller, Inc. Sterling silver alloy and articles made from same
US10697044B1 (en) 2011-09-01 2020-06-30 Stuller, Inc. Sterling silver alloy and articles made from the same
US10385424B2 (en) * 2016-01-29 2019-08-20 Deringer-Ney, Inc. Palladium-based alloys
JP2019508592A (ja) * 2016-01-29 2019-03-28 デリンジャー−ニー・インコーポレイテッドＤｅｒｉｎｇｅｒ−Ｎｅｙ， Ｉｎｃ． パラジウム基合金
US11041228B2 (en) 2016-01-29 2021-06-22 Deringer-Ney, Inc. Palladium-based alloys
KR102681572B1 (ko) 2016-01-29 2024-07-03 데링거-니, 인크. 팔라듐계 합금
EP3960890A1 (de) 2020-09-01 2022-03-02 Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Palladium-kupfer-silber-ruthenium-legierung
US11746397B2 (en) 2020-09-01 2023-09-05 Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Palladium-copper-silver-ruthenium alloy
EP4234733A1 (de) 2022-02-28 2023-08-30 Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Palladium-kupfer-silber-legeriung
EP4325227A1 (de) 2022-08-16 2024-02-21 Heraeus Precious Metals GmbH & Co. KG Bandförmiger verbundwerkstoff für prüfnadeln

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR688967A (fr) 1930-09-01
DE622580C (de) 1935-11-30
GB354216A (en) 1931-07-28

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