US2601206A - Medium-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys - Google Patents
Medium-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2601206A US2601206A US56057A US5605748A US2601206A US 2601206 A US2601206 A US 2601206A US 56057 A US56057 A US 56057A US 5605748 A US5605748 A US 5605748A US 2601206 A US2601206 A US 2601206A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- heat treatment
- silicon
- solution
- corrosion
- alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title description 15
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title description 15
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 21
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021338 magnesium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YTHCQFKNFVSQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silicide Chemical compound [Mg]=[Si]=[Mg] YTHCQFKNFVSQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017028 MnSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018643 Mn—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
Definitions
- my sheet After solution heat treatment, my sheet may be quenched as in cold water, rolled level and flattened, stretched, side sheared and subjected to a precipitation heat treatment of about 18 hours at 320 F.
- the mechanica1 properties obtained after solution heat treatment and precipitation heat treatment also vary with the temperature employed for solution as shown in Table III.
- No'rE.Solution heat treatment consisted of 15 minutes soak at temperature. Precipitation heat treatment was for 18 hours at 320 F My alloy sheets obtain their strength through the said solution heat treatment and precipitation heat treatment at elevated temperatures.
- Formed aircraft parts may be made from the sheet, prior to heat solution and precipitation treatment, and these parts given solution heat treatment, say at 935 F., followed by controlled, relatively slow, quenching, as a guard against distortion and subsequent aging, say for 18 hours at 320 F., or for 8 hours or for 6-10 hours at 340-350 F.
- the solution heat treatment, quenching and aging may vary in details from the examples given.
- My product can be formed, hammered, rolled, or drawn, then solution and precipitation heat treated to develop maximum tensile properties in the T condition.
- Working of the sheet can also be carried out at any time after solution heat treatment followed by precipitation heat treatment to develop maximum properties.
- My alloy possesses equally good corrosion resistance in all tempers, i. e., annealed, as rolled,
- specimens were rinsed in distilled water, immersed one minute in concentrated nitric acid, rinsed in distilled water and dried.
- specimens were cleaned by immersion in 70% nitric acid, rinsed in distilled water and dried by air and dessication.
- the corrosion test applied may be compared roughly to 2 to 4 years exposure to salt air, or ocean salt spray mist.
- magnesium-silicide In my alloy, 1.00% magnesium is combined with approximately 0.6% silicon to form magnesium-silicide. This leaves an excess of about 0.10% silicon over and above that required to form magnesium-silicide; this silicon combines with the iron at a ratio of about 1 part of silicon to four parts of iron, and since manganese combines with iron with the same propensity as silicon, a constituent Al-Fe-Mn-Si is formed.
- All of the silicon present in the R301 cladding alloy will be either a magnesium-silicide (MgzSi) or AlFeMn--Si constituent. This alloy is not susceptible to intergranular corrosion when solution heat treated and artificially aged, as borne out by numerous corrosion tests in salt spray and in the standard salt-hydrogen peroxide solution.
- the manganese combines with the iron and silicon to form AlFe--MnSi constituent thereby imparting a superior resistance to pitting corrosion. It also increases the hardness and toughness as well as imparting a grain refining effect.
- the iron content in my alloy runs between 0.40 percent and 0.60 percent (maximum). Since there is about 0.10 silicon to satisfy about 0.40 percent iron, and since it requires about 2 parts of manganese to combine with 1 part of iron, at least 0.25 percent manganese is required, and 0.50 percent is preferred, to take care of possible variations in magnesium, silicon and iron. The upper limit of 0.75 percent was selected in order not to increase fabricating difficulties of this alloy.
- my alloy is not susceptible to intergranular corrosion when solution heat treated and artificially aged and possesses a corrosion resistance only slightly less than that of pure aluminum due to the proportion of magnesium to silicon and the presence of manganese.
- An aluminum base alloy composed substantially entirely of Si, above .50 and below Mg, .8-1.2% and Mn, .25.75%; Fe, above .40 and below .60% and the balance aluminum wherein the magnesium is combined with the silicon, leaving an excess of at least 0.10 per cent excess silicon combined in the form of an A1-FeMn-Si constituent.
- An aluminum base alloy composed substantially entirely of Si, above .50 and below 90%; Mg, .8-1.2% and Mn, .25-.75%; Fe, above .40 and below .60% and the balance aluminum, any impurity content that may be present containing not over Cu, .05%, Cr, 25%, other impurities .05% maximum each and wherein the magnesium is combined with the silicon, leaving an excess of at least 0.10 per cent excess silicon combined in the form of an Al-FeMn-Si constituent.
- the alloy of claim 1 in the heat treated state produced by heating the said alloy to about 920-980 F. for about 15-20 minutes, quenched in cold water, and then subjected to a precipitation heat treatment of about 18 hours at about 320 F.
- the alloy of claim 2 in the heat treated state produced by heating the said alloy to about 920-980 F. for about 15-20 minutes, quenched in cold water and then subjected to a precipitation heat treatment of about 6-10 hours at 340- 350 F.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Patented June 17, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT' OFFICE MEDIUM-STRENGTH CORROSION-RESIST- ANT ALUMINUM ALLOYS Thomas L. Fritzlen, Hinsdale, Ill., assignor to Reynolds Metals Company, Richmond, Va., a
corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application October 22, 1948, Serial No. 56,057
Claims. ,(01. 75447) My alloy is as follows:
TABLE I Per cent Si .50- .90 Mg .8- 1.2 Mn .25- .75 A1 and impurities Balance TABLE II Mechanical properties on .064" sheet after solution heat treatment for 15 minutes at tempera.-
ture I Tensile Yield Per Cent Solution Temperature ZE??? Elongation sq. in. so. in. m 2
NorE:Above mechanical properties obtained 36 hours after solution heat treatment.
After solution heat treatment, my sheet may be quenched as in cold water, rolled level and flattened, stretched, side sheared and subjected to a precipitation heat treatment of about 18 hours at 320 F. The mechanica1 properties obtained after solution heat treatment and precipitation heat treatment also vary with the temperature employed for solution as shown in Table III.
TABLE III Mechanical properties of .064" sheet after solution and precipitation heat treatments Tensile Yield Per Cent Solution Temperature gaggi g, Elofiigzgt iou sq. in. sq. in.
No'rE.Solution heat treatment consisted of 15 minutes soak at temperature. Precipitation heat treatment was for 18 hours at 320 F My alloy sheets obtain their strength through the said solution heat treatment and precipitation heat treatment at elevated temperatures.
Formed aircraft parts may be made from the sheet, prior to heat solution and precipitation treatment, and these parts given solution heat treatment, say at 935 F., followed by controlled, relatively slow, quenching, as a guard against distortion and subsequent aging, say for 18 hours at 320 F., or for 8 hours or for 6-10 hours at 340-350 F. The solution heat treatment, quenching and aging may vary in details from the examples given.
Maximum tensile properties can be obtained upon precipitation heat treatment at any time after solution treatment and quenching. Also, no consistent effect upon corrosion resistance has been noticed when precipitation heat treating at various periods after solution heat treatment.
My product can be formed, hammered, rolled, or drawn, then solution and precipitation heat treated to develop maximum tensile properties in the T condition. Working of the sheet can also be carried out at any time after solution heat treatment followed by precipitation heat treatment to develop maximum properties.
My alloy possesses equally good corrosion resistance in all tempers, i. e., annealed, as rolled,
solution heat treated, and fully heat treated by both solution and precipitation treatments. The mechanical properties of fully heat treated sheet before and after corrosion are shown in Table IV.
TABLE IV Mechanical properties of .064" sheet prior to and after corrosion 1. Corrosion consisted of a 6-hour immersion in a solution 01': 57 grams of sodium chloride ml. of 30% hydrogen peroxide Balance of liter-distilled water.
Specimens were cleaned prior to corrosion by immersion for l min. at 95 degrees C. in:
50 ml. of concentrated nitric acid (70%) 50 ml. of hydrofluoric acid (48%) Balance of liter-distilled water.
After cleaning, specimens were rinsed in distilled water, immersed one minute in concentrated nitric acid, rinsed in distilled water and dried.
After corrosion, specimens were cleaned by immersion in 70% nitric acid, rinsed in distilled water and dried by air and dessication.
2. All of above specimens exhibited pitting type of attack only upon microscopic examination.
3. Corrosion carried out at constant temperature of 75 degrees F.
The corrosion test applied may be compared roughly to 2 to 4 years exposure to salt air, or ocean salt spray mist.
In my alloy, 1.00% magnesium is combined with approximately 0.6% silicon to form magnesium-silicide. This leaves an excess of about 0.10% silicon over and above that required to form magnesium-silicide; this silicon combines with the iron at a ratio of about 1 part of silicon to four parts of iron, and since manganese combines with iron with the same propensity as silicon, a constituent Al-Fe-Mn-Si is formed.
All of the silicon present in the R301 cladding alloy will be either a magnesium-silicide (MgzSi) or AlFeMn--Si constituent. This alloy is not susceptible to intergranular corrosion when solution heat treated and artificially aged, as borne out by numerous corrosion tests in salt spray and in the standard salt-hydrogen peroxide solution.
The manganese combines with the iron and silicon to form AlFe--MnSi constituent thereby imparting a superior resistance to pitting corrosion. It also increases the hardness and toughness as well as imparting a grain refining effect.
The iron content in my alloy runs between 0.40 percent and 0.60 percent (maximum). Since there is about 0.10 silicon to satisfy about 0.40 percent iron, and since it requires about 2 parts of manganese to combine with 1 part of iron, at least 0.25 percent manganese is required, and 0.50 percent is preferred, to take care of possible variations in magnesium, silicon and iron. The upper limit of 0.75 percent was selected in order not to increase fabricating difficulties of this alloy.
It was also found that manganese tended to increase the potential (electronegatively) of the alloy.
Summarizing, my alloy is not susceptible to intergranular corrosion when solution heat treated and artificially aged and possesses a corrosion resistance only slightly less than that of pure aluminum due to the proportion of magnesium to silicon and the presence of manganese.
Having described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is as follows:
1. An aluminum base alloy composed substantially entirely of Si, above .50 and below Mg, .8-1.2% and Mn, .25.75%; Fe, above .40 and below .60% and the balance aluminum wherein the magnesium is combined with the silicon, leaving an excess of at least 0.10 per cent excess silicon combined in the form of an A1-FeMn-Si constituent.
2. An aluminum base alloy composed substantially entirely of Si, above .50 and below 90%; Mg, .8-1.2% and Mn, .25-.75%; Fe, above .40 and below .60% and the balance aluminum, any impurity content that may be present containing not over Cu, .05%, Cr, 25%, other impurities .05% maximum each and wherein the magnesium is combined with the silicon, leaving an excess of at least 0.10 per cent excess silicon combined in the form of an Al-FeMn-Si constituent.
3. The alloy of claim 1 in the heat treated state produced by heating the said alloy to about 920-980 F. for about 15-20 minutes, quenched in cold water, and then subjected to a precipitation heat treatment of about 18 hours at about 320 F.
4. The alloy of claim 2 in the heat treated state produced by heating the said alloy to about 920-980 F. for about 15-20 minutes, quenched in cold water and then subjected to a precipitation heat treatment of about 6-10 hours at 340- 350 F.
THOMAS L. FRI'IZLEN.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Engineering Alloys, published by the American Society for Metals, 1936, page 340".
Korrosionstabellen Metallischer Werkstoffe," by Ritter, lithoprinted by Edwards Bros, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1945, page 4.
Light Metals in Structural Engineering, by Dudley, published by Temple Press Ltd., London, pages 200 and 201.
Claims (1)
1. AN ALUMINUM BASE ALLOY COMPOSED SUBSTANTIALLY ENTIRELY OF SI. ABOVE .50 AND BELOW .90%; MG, .8-1.2% AND MN, .25-75%; FE, ABOVE .40 AND BELOW .60% AND THE BALANCE ALUMINUM WHEREIN THE MAGNESIUM IS COMBINED WITH THE SILICON, LEAVING AN EXCESS OF AT LEAST 0.10 PER CENT EXCESS SILICON COMBINED IN THE FORM OF AN AL-FE-MN-SI CONSTITUENT.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US56057A US2601206A (en) | 1948-10-22 | 1948-10-22 | Medium-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US56057A US2601206A (en) | 1948-10-22 | 1948-10-22 | Medium-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2601206A true US2601206A (en) | 1952-06-17 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US56057A Expired - Lifetime US2601206A (en) | 1948-10-22 | 1948-10-22 | Medium-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2601206A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3279915A (en) * | 1962-10-15 | 1966-10-18 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Hydroalium alloy for die-casting use |
| US3370943A (en) * | 1965-11-04 | 1968-02-27 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Aluminum alloy |
| US3502448A (en) * | 1967-12-07 | 1970-03-24 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum alloy sheet |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1797851A (en) * | 1930-06-05 | 1931-03-24 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum-base alloy |
| US1911078A (en) * | 1932-11-30 | 1933-05-23 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum alloy |
| CH182458A (en) * | 1935-05-06 | 1936-02-15 | Aluminium Ind Ag | Corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy with high tensile strength and flexibility. |
| CH207559A (en) * | 1938-05-13 | 1939-11-15 | Aluminium Ind Ag | Corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy that can be tempered by precipitation hardening. |
| US2454312A (en) * | 1943-10-26 | 1948-11-23 | Reynolds Metals Co | High-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy sheets |
-
1948
- 1948-10-22 US US56057A patent/US2601206A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1797851A (en) * | 1930-06-05 | 1931-03-24 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum-base alloy |
| US1911078A (en) * | 1932-11-30 | 1933-05-23 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum alloy |
| CH182458A (en) * | 1935-05-06 | 1936-02-15 | Aluminium Ind Ag | Corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy with high tensile strength and flexibility. |
| CH207559A (en) * | 1938-05-13 | 1939-11-15 | Aluminium Ind Ag | Corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy that can be tempered by precipitation hardening. |
| US2454312A (en) * | 1943-10-26 | 1948-11-23 | Reynolds Metals Co | High-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy sheets |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3279915A (en) * | 1962-10-15 | 1966-10-18 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Hydroalium alloy for die-casting use |
| US3370943A (en) * | 1965-11-04 | 1968-02-27 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Aluminum alloy |
| US3475167A (en) * | 1965-11-04 | 1969-10-28 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Aluminum alloy for color anodizing |
| US3502448A (en) * | 1967-12-07 | 1970-03-24 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum alloy sheet |
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