US1743054A - Process for rendering harmless substances which cause hardness in soaping and washing operations and for the production of means suitable therefor - Google Patents
Process for rendering harmless substances which cause hardness in soaping and washing operations and for the production of means suitable therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1743054A US1743054A US87682A US8768226A US1743054A US 1743054 A US1743054 A US 1743054A US 87682 A US87682 A US 87682A US 8768226 A US8768226 A US 8768226A US 1743054 A US1743054 A US 1743054A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- soap
- water
- soaps
- substances
- special
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 31
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 128
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 19
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 15
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- PLFFHJWXOGYWPR-HEDMGYOXSA-N (4r)-4-[(3r,3as,5ar,5br,7as,11as,11br,13ar,13bs)-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]pentan-1-ol Chemical compound C([C@]1(C)[C@H]2CC[C@H]34)CCC(C)(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@H]1[C@]3(C)CC[C@@H]1[C@@H](CCCO)C PLFFHJWXOGYWPR-HEDMGYOXSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical class [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-fluorophenyl)oxane-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1C1(C(=O)O)CCOCC1 CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical class [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010960 commercial process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CDMADVZSLOHIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane;decahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 CDMADVZSLOHIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009963 fulling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012213 gelatinous substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003893 lactate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001935 peptisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008237 rinsing water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001540 sodium lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005581 sodium lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011088 sodium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000984 vat dye Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
Definitions
- This washing operation requires many times the volume of water required for the soap treatment and almost invariably natural water loaded with substances which cause hardness must be used for rinsing. In this washing operation, there-v owing to the large volume of rinsing water employed. The result of this is that the soap still contained in the goods is converted into lime soap and this latter gives the goods a harsh feeling, makes them sticky and brings about other well known troubles.
- the particular special soap that is employed in-the present process of manufacturing and production of the present soap includes a well known soap which is of a gelatinous consistency'and consists in a completely sulphonized oleaginous matter composed o fats, oils, fatty acids or oleic acids, either separately or ointly, in which the remaining sulphuric acid has been separated and finally being perfectly saponified by a quantity of.alkali equivalent to the existing fatty acids, to free the produced soap from the fatty acids and the alkali.
- This particular type of soap was discovered and used for the same purpose that the present soap is now used, the present soap, however, requiring a lesser quantity of the gelatinous substance soap for the given quantity of water in which it is used.
- An example will explain this:
- lime soap is in the form of a substance which can be easily rubbed up in the hand and which always tends to produce lather. It entirely lacks the stickiness of lime soap and can easily be washed out of the goods, whereas lime soap can only be removed by chemical action, that is to say, by decomposition with acid and subsequent treatment with soap.
- the amount'of soap can be reduced to such an extent that, even in the case of hard waters, a smaller'amount of soap is required than when working with chemically pure water or water artificially softened, or water obtained by the condensa tion of steam.
- the amounts of special soap which have to be added in order to secure the result according to the method. described are, as stated above, not more than one third of the amount equivalent to the substances which cause hardness. It must therefore be assumed that the body formed between the lime soap and the special soap takes part directly in the process or operation of washing.
- the said substances possess these powers, on the one hand, by virtue of their tendency to form complexes with the lime soap and, on the other hand, by virtue of their relationships to the solvent (and consequently hydration) which imparts stability to the colloidal system.
- the colloidal particles of lime soap are therefore prevented even by small quantities of the special soap with which they form complexes, from coalescing and separating, but even if separation docs take place on further dilution with hard water, the fine structure of the precipitate acquires a form which enables it to be washed away easily.
- the soap treatment be carried out with the hereinbefore described mixtures of ordinary soap and special soap, the latter apparently deposits itself in the interior of the fibres and, when the soap solution impregnating the goods is afterwards diluted in the washing operation, the ordinary soap solution or the precipitate deposited on the outside of the fibres is first washed off and the special soap which diffuses slowly out of the fibre is dissolved off therefrom.
- the special soap therefore forms a kind of protecting agent, so that the excess of lime and other substances which cause the hardness produced during the operation of washing by the addition of large volumes of water, is rendered incapa ble of depositing itself on the fibre in any which contain salts viz: the salts contained in sea water, and alkali salts, bicarbonatcs, and sulphate of sodium, which are often contained in natural Water.
- the process can therefore be used. with excellent results in soaping and washing operations which are carried out with sea water.
- toilet, shaving, washing and medicated soa s may be prepared which render the su stances which cause hardness and the before-mentioned salts contained in the water harmless.
- the said special soap or the like be introduced into the bath or washing water in the same manner as hereinbefore described; it is however advantageous for the consumer to obtain the mixture ready prepared, as will be obvious from the following remarks.
- the adc ition of the said special soap according to the present invention in the production of shaving soaps also makes it possible to use cheaperkinds of fat, such as distilled bone grease, and in particular all kinds of distilled fatty acids, in the manufacture thereof, whereas hitherto soaps made on the above mentioned fat basis are particularly sensitive to the action of lime and of the before-mentioned salts and will scarcely produce a lather in even only semi-hard waters.
- fat such as distilled bone grease
- hitherto soaps made on the above mentioned fat basis are particularly sensitive to the action of lime and of the before-mentioned salts and will scarcely produce a lather in even only semi-hard waters.
- soaps known as glycerine soap are on the market which originally contained a kind of colloidal solution of an alkali salt of a fatty acid in glycerine, (but more recently a similar one in alcohol) and which, on account of their transparency, are very popular. But such soaps, on the one hand, possess very little lathering power and, on the other hand, are not pleasant when used as toilet soaps, owing to the action on the skin of the alcohol which they contain.
- the addition of the said special soap to the glycerine soap gives the glycerine soap the softness and lathering power which, in its ordinary state, it lacks, without altering the appearance which renders it attractive and without the above described objectionable efi'ects. Further, the so called glycerine soap, manufactured according to the process herein described, does not exhibit the undesirable stickiness which the soaps prepared with .the addition of glycerine possess.
- the coconut-oil soaps made by the cold stirring process and mainlv used as toilet soaps, are liable to irritate the skin owing to the presence of an unavoidable excess of free alkali, but this can be considerably mitigated by the present process, quite a art from the fact that, in toilet soaps, and a so in shaving soaps etc., the avoidance of theformation of lime soap is specially important.
- Ewample II.--6O kg. of tallow and 40 kg. of bone grease are saponified with 60 kg. of caustic soda lye of 30 degrees B., in the well known way, salted out and boiled up. The mass is then allowed to settle, drawn off from the lye and the hot mass of soap crutched with from 4 to 6 kg. of the product known as Oleonate R or of that known as Monol. The soap is then allowed to solidify and further treated in the well known way.
- the soaps produced by the method herein described exhibit, without difiering in appearce from the usual soaps of the same type, a particularly persistent power of lathering and emulsification for neutral fats, and consequently possess an excellent softness which hitherto has been unknown, protect 'the ma: terials on which they are used, are particularly economical in use, and possess a-surprising degree of cleansing power.
- a further improvement of the process herein described is obtained if the mixtures of ordinary soap and special soap above described be incorporated with substances which assist the favourable colloidal chemical action, that is to say, increase the degree of dispersion or, in other words, are capable of ensuring the stability of the suspension of acting as pep tizing agents.
- Example Ill.-As in Example I a water of 12 degrees of hardness (German scale) is to be used in which woven goods are to be washed.
- the washing operation is carried out with 3 g. of soap containing 60 per cent of fatty acid, 0.45 g. and 0.1 g. of urea to each litre of water.
- the urea ensures the stability of the suspension or acts as a peptizing agent.
- Example I V.Like Example III. 0.08 g. of neutral sodium lactate is used as the added substance instead of urea.
- E wample V.Like Example III instead of urea there is added 10 0. cm. of a solution which is obtained by the decomposition or breaking down of glutine in a 1% solution bythe action of a solution of normal lye containing 40 g. of NaOH to one liter of water in an autoclave for one hour at a pressure of three atmospheres.
- Example Vl.-Like Example III instead of urea thereis added 0.06 g. disodium phosphate (Na PHO or of the equivalent quantity of borax or water glass.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU1743054X | 1925-03-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1743054A true US1743054A (en) | 1930-01-07 |
Family
ID=3837493
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US87682A Expired - Lifetime US1743054A (en) | 1925-03-06 | 1926-02-11 | Process for rendering harmless substances which cause hardness in soaping and washing operations and for the production of means suitable therefor |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1743054A (d) |
| BE (1) | BE331482A (d) |
| DE (1) | DE576366C (d) |
| FR (1) | FR610101A (d) |
| GB (1) | GB259437A (d) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2508578A (en) * | 1944-05-05 | 1950-05-23 | Colgate Palmolive Peet Co | Combined soap and synthetic detergent bar |
-
0
- BE BE331482D patent/BE331482A/xx unknown
-
1925
- 1925-12-04 DE DEU9072D patent/DE576366C/de not_active Expired
-
1926
- 1926-01-11 GB GB797/26A patent/GB259437A/en not_active Expired
- 1926-01-12 FR FR610101D patent/FR610101A/fr not_active Expired
- 1926-02-11 US US87682A patent/US1743054A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2508578A (en) * | 1944-05-05 | 1950-05-23 | Colgate Palmolive Peet Co | Combined soap and synthetic detergent bar |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB259437A (en) | 1926-10-14 |
| FR610101A (fr) | 1926-08-30 |
| BE331482A (d) | |
| DE576366C (de) | 1933-05-10 |
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