US2376096A - Detergent composition - Google Patents
Detergent composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2376096A US2376096A US424919A US42491941A US2376096A US 2376096 A US2376096 A US 2376096A US 424919 A US424919 A US 424919A US 42491941 A US42491941 A US 42491941A US 2376096 A US2376096 A US 2376096A
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- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- borate
- soap
- composition
- solution
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 56
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title description 22
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 48
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 42
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940001593 sodium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metaborate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]B=O NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910011255 B2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004851 dishwashing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101100348017 Drosophila melanogaster Nazo gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 ester sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IZWPGJFSBABFGL-GMFCBQQYSA-M sodium;2-[methyl-[(z)-octadec-9-enoyl]amino]ethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CCS([O-])(=O)=O IZWPGJFSBABFGL-GMFCBQQYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- IAVHKMVGTPXJIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylamino-ethanesulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)CCNC1=CC=CC=C1 IAVHKMVGTPXJIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOMKYJPSVWEWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=NC(CCl)=CS1 MOMKYJPSVWEWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Taurine Natural products NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940053200 antiepileptics fatty acid derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001236 detergent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-MRCIVHHJSA-N dextrin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)OC1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-MRCIVHHJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMXVEUKFCJANDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium boric acid hydrogen borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB([O-])[O-] LMXVEUKFCJANDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940070765 laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019983 sodium metaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ITCAUAYQCALGGV-XTICBAGASA-M sodium;(1r,4ar,4br,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C([O-])=O ITCAUAYQCALGGV-XTICBAGASA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
- C11D9/06—Inorganic compounds
- C11D9/08—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D9/10—Salts
- C11D9/16—Borates
Definitions
- This invention relates to a detergent composition and material for use therein, and particularly to such a composition including a special type of boron compound and a surface-active agent of kind to be described.
- soap detergents are very old. Also, there has been intense activity in this field in recent decades, with the result that a very large number of compositions including soap and soap builders have been proposed for use in washsoap builders are not added, is in the case of very slightly soiled garments or what detergent chemists know to be alkaline or only very slightly acid forms of soil.
- borax the most readily available of the borates, is unsatisfactory as a soap builder in comparison with the merits of trisodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate and another class of compounds often called soap builders but depending on sequestration of calcium and magnesium, this class comprising sodium metaphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and their homologues and mix- Considering soap as the surface-active agent, for the purpose of illustration, it has been the opinion of experts in this art, that a soap builder must either increase the pH of the soap solution or belong to this latter class of so-called builders, the complex phosphates.
- soap as the surface-active agent
- my new sodium borate a very effective detergent composition may be made without substantial modification of the pH of soap solutions of concentrations commonly used in dish washing and laundering and that a particularly satisfactory detergent is made when the borate as made is dried to a moisture content not substantially above 50 per cent.
- the product is made to contain a moderate excess of sodium oxide over that required to combine with boric oxide to form sodium metaborate, which may be written for convenience in this connection as Na20.B203
- My new sodium borate is not the sodium borate of commerce which is commonly sodium tetraborate. Instead it is a more alkaline compound containing metaborate and prepared by combining the boron oxide with alkali in ratios to each other calculated to produce a series of materials having compositions in the range represented by the formulas NaBOz to NasBOs but not necessarily being pure chemical compounds or corresponding exactly to these formulas.
- the borate has new and desirable properties when used as an adjunct with surface-active agents and more particularly with soap.
- the invention is not limited to the use of soap as it is well known that builders which are useful with soap are also useful with other such agents.
- the sodium metaborate may be used in conjunction with the sodium salts of keryl benzene sulfonate, succinic ester sulfonates, Igepon T, and other such surface tension reducing agents that are stable in alkaline solution. It cannot be used to obtain favorable results with surfaceor interfacial tension reducing agents that are unstable in alkaline solution, or with those which depend on a cation-active rather than an anion-active part of the molecule,
- the invention comprises the new detergent composition including sodium metaborate material of the kind described and soap or other water-soluble surface tension and interfacial tension reducing agent that is stable at all pHs within the range of about 7 toll; and that in water gives an anion upon which surface tension lowering depends.
- the invention comprises also the improved sodium borate and the method of making it.
- the new detergent composition there is first made the new borate and there is formed a mixture of the surface tension and interfacial tension reducing agent and the new borate.
- composition may be mixed dry, for addition to the water to be used in washing.
- composition may be left in granular or powder form or pressed into a tablet, bar, or cake, as by mixing the soap and sodium'borate in selected proportions and then forming the mixed composition in a type of press and with technique that is usual in the pressing of such tablets, cakes or bars of soap and other detergents.
- any desired water-soluble binder such as dextrine, casein. or other conventional binder for soap bars.
- the composition may also be prepared as a more or less homogeneous solid mass and. ground toa suitable size of granules to produce the finished 1 product.
- composition may be prepared as a concentrated solution in hot or cold water, with or without some of the ingredients in suspension, because of their use in proportions above that which is soluble in the water present, and then converted to either granules or beads, as by spray congealing ods that are commonly employed in forming granules or beads of soap.
- one of the ingredients in a somewhat moist condition as for example the sodium borate
- the other ingredient in a dry condition is turnbled in a rotated drum with the other ingredient in a dry condition; the other ingredient is thus caused to adhere to and coat the granules.
- the central or core ingredient of such tumbled product should be the one which it is desired to protect from air and moisture.
- sodium hydroxide for instance, is used in a composition with soap and borax or boric acid, in
- the sodium hydroxide in the form of moist granules is tumbled with the other ingredients, so that the sodium hydroxide becomes the core of the final particles.
- I do not prefer this method of making the composition because of the danger of nonuniformity of the borate composition when the borax or boric acid and sodium hydroxide have not been prereacted, to form the borate.
- the surfaceactive agent and the borate are added separately to the water which is to be used for washing dishes, clothes, or other articles.
- compositions other ingredients may be added without departing from the spirit of myinvention.
- an additional alkaline material such, for example, as sodium metasilicate, a calcium and magnesium sequestration agent such as sodium tripclyphosphate or one of such agents previously mentioned, or other ingredients conventionally added to detergent compositions an example of which is the color indicator of a dish-washing compound.
- the proportion of the sodium borate composition should be at least 1 part and suitably 1 to 5 parts for each part of the surface-active agent or agents used. Larger proportions of the borate are allowable so long as a substantial or spray drying by meth- 12.0 which proportion of surface-active agent is present, but such larger proportions are uneconomical.
- the borate When the borate is of a composition which approaches the metaborate, Na2O,B2Oa, as a lower limit and is used in about the proportion of 1 to 5 parts to 1 part of the surface-active agent, the borate does not seriously alter the pH of a soap solution and causes the solution of other useful surface-active agents to approach that pH.
- the composition tends more toward the orthoborate, 3NazO,Bam, it raises the pH of the entire solution, regardless of the surface-active agent to the range of pH 10.0 to pH is found to'be the desirable pH range for use of these cleaning mixtures containing the new borate.
- the composition is more effective in cleansing of dishes and brightening of fabrics than usual compositions that are of comparable or even somewhat higher pH than my composition and that include soap or other surface-active agent and a conventional detergent salt.
- the detergent effect was greater for the new soap and borate composition in every case than for a soap and usual builder combination in equal concentration and of similar pH.
- the above soap and borate composition of pH 10.2 gave an increase of brightness of 16 units as compared with 15.5 units for soap and sodium carbonate solution of identica' concentration at the much higher pH of 10.9.
- compositions have been made containing sodium oxide andboron trioxide respectively in the ratios of 1 to 3 mols of the former to 1 mol of the latter, the resulting borate composition being dried down to the moisture content which remains at 230 F., and then granulated, that is, milled either to small particles of such size as to be individually visible to the eye or milled to a fine powder.
- soap and borate containing an excess of the sodium oxide over that required to form metaborate with the boron trioxide, the cleansing effect was very high for each proportion of the alkali as compared tothe cleansing power of present detergent mixtures of the same pH when dissolved in water.
- the new sodium borate contains a larger proportion of sodium oxide to the total weight of the material on the anhydrous basis than any of the other salts which will give a comparable pH in the same concentration.
- a solution; of the borate composition which in 0.1% concentration of anhydrous borate will give the same pH as a 0.1% solution of sodium carbonate contains more sodium oxide and has greater buffer value.
- a borate composition which in 0.1% solution will give the same pH as a 0.1% solution of sodium metasilicate, the two being present in the same content of anhydrous builder. Therefore, the new borate composition will have a. greater efiect in uses where the detergent must neutralize acidity in the soil being removed. Generally it may be said that the borate composition will stand more abuse (unfavorable conditions of use) without losing its effectiveness than will any other known soap builder. 7
- This reaction requires at least 2 mols of sodium hydroxide for 1 mol of the borax and gives a product containing sodium and boron in the ratio corresponding approximately to 1 mol of sodium oxide (NazO) to l mol of boron trioxide (B203).
- Particularly satisfactory results in detergent compositions are obtained, however, when the ratio of sodium hydroxide to borax is increased to a higher ratio up to 3 mols of sodium oxide to one of boron trioxide. In these higher ratios,
- the amount of sodium hydroxide to add in establishing the proper ratio must be determined by analysis of. the particular lot of raw boron material to be treated, to give the stated M20320: ratio. It is understood that the sodium oxide and boron trioxide are combined in the finished product but the ratios of the sodium and boron are most conveniently stated in the form of the ratios of their two oxides which may be considered as jointly forming the molecule of the borate. Thus in sodium metaborate, the molar ratio would be 1:1, in sodium sesquiborate 2:1, and in sodium orthoborate 3:1.
- I dissolve the said material in water with the selected proportion of sodium hydroxide, filter if necessary to separate undissolved foreign mating residue, and then mill it to particles of desired size that are substantially non-caking and freeflowing. This requires that the moisture content be not appreciably above 50 per cent in any case. I have found it desirable to dry at 230 F., and get a much lower moisture content with a resulting greater concentration of active agent and greater stability against caking.
- soap is used as the surface-active agent, there is selected a water-soluble soap such as any of the common sodium soaps including the sodium stearate, palmitate, oleate, laurate or like sodium salts of higher fatty acids, either alone or mixed with each other, a mixture ordinarily being selected.
- sodium abietate may be included or even substituted entirely for the other soaps.
- the soap may contain alkali salts of the fatty acids present in coconut and similar oils of relatively low average molecular weight of acids present.
- Examples of surface-active agents that may be used in place of soap are sodium lauryl sulfate; sodium keryl benzene sulfonate; sodium 'dialkyl succinyl sulfonate, the size of the alkyl radical selected being reduced as the desired degree of alkalinity of the borate solution is increased; fatty acid derivatives of N-phenyl taurine or N-phenyl methyl taurine such as Igepon T; and like agents that are stable in alkaline solutions. I do not find it advantageous to add my borate to cation-active agents or to the non-ionizing types such as the polyethylene oxide compounds.
- the surface-active agent and sodium borate there may be incorporated also decrease the sequesterer to an amount substantially below the proportion of the borate.
- the sequestration agent is used, then the effectiveness of the detergent composition in hard water is increased because of the protection afforded by the agent against precipitation of the soap and borate by hardness of the water used.
- a cleansing composition in dry form comprising an intimate mixture of a water soluble fatty acid soap and a soap builder consisting of a sodium borate having 1.1 to 2 mols of sodium oxide to one mol of boron trioxide, the proportion of sodium borate being substantial but not above 5 parts of the borate to one part of the soap.
- the cleansing composition described in claim 1 including a molecularly dehydrated sodium phosphate serving as a calcium sequestration agent.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
' tures.
Patented May 15, 1945 DETERGENT COMPOSITION Foster Dee Snell, New York, N. Y., assignor to Foster D. Snell, Inc., a. corporation of New York N Drawing. Application December 30, 1941, Serial No. 424,919
2 Claims.
This invention relates to a detergent composition and material for use therein, and particularly to such a composition including a special type of boron compound and a surface-active agent of kind to be described.
The industry of soap detergents is very old. Also, there has been intense activity in this field in recent decades, with the result that a very large number of compositions including soap and soap builders have been proposed for use in washsoap builders are not added, is in the case of very slightly soiled garments or what detergent chemists know to be alkaline or only very slightly acid forms of soil.
Thus, it is commonly understood that borax, the most readily available of the borates, is unsatisfactory as a soap builder in comparison with the merits of trisodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate and another class of compounds often called soap builders but depending on sequestration of calcium and magnesium, this class comprising sodium metaphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and their homologues and mix- Considering soap as the surface-active agent, for the purpose of illustration, it has been the opinion of experts in this art, that a soap builder must either increase the pH of the soap solution or belong to this latter class of so-called builders, the complex phosphates.
I have now found that the special sodium borate to be described herein gives a highly effective action with soap, even though it neither increases the pH of the solution appreciably nor belongs in the class of the complex phosphates. Further effectiveness is obtained by modifications which do increase the pH of the compositions containing my special borate, effectiveness so obtained being greater than that obtained by usual builders at the same pH.
With soap as the surface-active agent, for example, I have now discovered that, by the use of my new sodium borate, a very effective detergent composition may be made without substantial modification of the pH of soap solutions of concentrations commonly used in dish washing and laundering and that a particularly satisfactory detergent is made when the borate as made is dried to a moisture content not substantially above 50 per cent. I have found also that there is further improvement if the product is made to contain a moderate excess of sodium oxide over that required to combine with boric oxide to form sodium metaborate, which may be written for convenience in this connection as Na20.B203
My new sodium borate is not the sodium borate of commerce which is commonly sodium tetraborate. Instead it is a more alkaline compound containing metaborate and prepared by combining the boron oxide with alkali in ratios to each other calculated to produce a series of materials having compositions in the range represented by the formulas NaBOz to NasBOs but not necessarily being pure chemical compounds or corresponding exactly to these formulas. The borate has new and desirable properties when used as an adjunct with surface-active agents and more particularly with soap.
While I have found my new sodium borates to be highly eflicient in conjunction with soap as the surface tension or interfacial tension reducing agent, the invention is not limited to the use of soap as it is well known that builders which are useful with soap are also useful with other such agents. Thus the sodium metaborate may be used in conjunction with the sodium salts of keryl benzene sulfonate, succinic ester sulfonates, Igepon T, and other such surface tension reducing agents that are stable in alkaline solution. It cannot be used to obtain favorable results with surfaceor interfacial tension reducing agents that are unstable in alkaline solution, or with those which depend on a cation-active rather than an anion-active part of the molecule,
even though the latter may be stable in alkaline solution, or with such agents that are not ionized in aqueous solution.
The invention comprises the new detergent composition including sodium metaborate material of the kind described and soap or other water-soluble surface tension and interfacial tension reducing agent that is stable at all pHs within the range of about 7 toll; and that in water gives an anion upon which surface tension lowering depends.
The invention comprises also the improved sodium borate and the method of making it.
In making the new detergent composition there is first made the new borate and there is formed a mixture of the surface tension and interfacial tension reducing agent and the new borate.
The composition may be mixed dry, for addition to the water to be used in washing. The
composition may be left in granular or powder form or pressed into a tablet, bar, or cake, as by mixing the soap and sodium'borate in selected proportions and then forming the mixed composition in a type of press and with technique that is usual in the pressing of such tablets, cakes or bars of soap and other detergents. To facilitate the bonding of the composition by pressing, there may be admixed any desired water-soluble binder such as dextrine, casein. or other conventional binder for soap bars. The composition may also be prepared as a more or less homogeneous solid mass and. ground toa suitable size of granules to produce the finished 1 product. Or the composition may be prepared as a concentrated solution in hot or cold water, with or without some of the ingredients in suspension, because of their use in proportions above that which is soluble in the water present, and then converted to either granules or beads, as by spray congealing ods that are commonly employed in forming granules or beads of soap. 1 y
In a modification of the method of mixing, one of the ingredients in a somewhat moist condition, as for example the sodium borate, is turnbled in a rotated drum with the other ingredient in a dry condition; the other ingredient is thus caused to adhere to and coat the granules. For best results, the central or core ingredient of such tumbled product should be the one which it is desired to protect from air and moisture. When sodium hydroxide, for instance, is used in a composition with soap and borax or boric acid, in
proportion of the sodium hydroxide to the boron oxide stated elsewhere herein, the sodium hydroxide in the form of moist granules is tumbled with the other ingredients, so that the sodium hydroxide becomes the core of the final particles. However, I do not prefer this method of making the composition because of the danger of nonuniformity of the borate composition when the borax or boric acid and sodium hydroxide have not been prereacted, to form the borate.
In another modification of the invention that is satisfactory for most purposes, the surfaceactive agent and the borate are added separately to the water which is to be used for washing dishes, clothes, or other articles.
In the above compositions other ingredients may be added without departing from the spirit of myinvention. Thus there may be added an additional alkaline material such, for example, as sodium metasilicate, a calcium and magnesium sequestration agent such as sodium tripclyphosphate or one of such agents previously mentioned, or other ingredients conventionally added to detergent compositions an example of which is the color indicator of a dish-washing compound.
For best results under widely differing conditions of use, the proportion of the sodium borate composition should be at least 1 part and suitably 1 to 5 parts for each part of the surface-active agent or agents used. Larger proportions of the borate are allowable so long as a substantial or spray drying by meth- 12.0 which proportion of surface-active agent is present, but such larger proportions are uneconomical.
When the borate is of a composition which approaches the metaborate, Na2O,B2Oa, as a lower limit and is used in about the proportion of 1 to 5 parts to 1 part of the surface-active agent, the borate does not seriously alter the pH of a soap solution and causes the solution of other useful surface-active agents to approach that pH. When the composition tends more toward the orthoborate, 3NazO,Bam, it raises the pH of the entire solution, regardless of the surface-active agent to the range of pH 10.0 to pH is found to'be the desirable pH range for use of these cleaning mixtures containing the new borate. At the same time, the composition is more effective in cleansing of dishes and brightening of fabrics than usual compositions that are of comparable or even somewhat higher pH than my composition and that include soap or other surface-active agent and a conventional detergent salt.
Using standardized procedures for testing the effectiveness of detergent compositions for laundry use, I have made a number of determinations of the comparative merits of my new borate composition with soap and with soap and phosphate compositions of kind widely used. The determinations were made in a standard launderometer and the brightness of the laundered specimens of fabric, which were initially the same, was read with a photometer. The results follow.
Using an ordinary sodium soap solution of concentration 0.1%, I have found the increase in brightness of a standard soiled fabric to be but 2.0 units when washed in a standard launderometer for 15 minutes. The addition of 0.1 per cent on the weight of the soap solution of my sodium borate of moisture content 50 per cent gave an increase in brightness of 9 units when run in the same machine, in spite of the fact that the borate had little effect on the pH, the pH of the soap and borate solution being 10.2 as compared to 10.1 for the soap alone.
The detergent effect was greater for the new soap and borate composition in every case than for a soap and usual builder combination in equal concentration and of similar pH. For example, in 30 minutes the above soap and borate composition of pH 10.2 gave an increase of brightness of 16 units as compared with 15.5 units for soap and sodium carbonate solution of identica' concentration at the much higher pH of 10.9.
It is important also that the 0.1 per cent of sodium carbonate added was anhydrous whereas the 0.1 per cent of the new sodium borate contained 50 per cent of water.
This effect of the sodium borate as a builder with soap is not involved with an increase of pH, as with usual soap-builders, as the degree of alkalinity, in terms of hydroxyl ion concentration. of the less effective soap-sodium-carbonate mixture at pH 10.9 is about five times as great as that of the soap-borate at pH 10.2. In any use of detergents involving immersion of the hands of the operator, multiplication of the degree of alkalinity by about 5 is highly objectionable. With my new borate composition, a soap may be built with very large amounts of the borate that would still be comparatively mild to the skin.
Additional compositions have been made containing sodium oxide andboron trioxide respectively in the ratios of 1 to 3 mols of the former to 1 mol of the latter, the resulting borate composition being dried down to the moisture content which remains at 230 F., and then granulated, that is, milled either to small particles of such size as to be individually visible to the eye or milled to a fine powder. With the soap and borate containing an excess of the sodium oxide over that required to form metaborate with the boron trioxide, the cleansing effect was very high for each proportion of the alkali as compared tothe cleansing power of present detergent mixtures of the same pH when dissolved in water.
Various comparisons show the superiority of the borate over comparable sodium carbonate and sodium metasilicate as soap builder at similar pH values, as is the case in the following example with sodium metasilicate, a builder which is commonly used for the higher pH levels of detergency as in power laundry work where the solution does I find my new detergent builder to be definitely superior to others on the market but not in as great a ratio for a given pH of the solution as when the molecular ratio of boron trioxide to sodium oxide is about 1:1. The most desirable range is from about 11 to 2 mols of NazO to 1 B203, borates with higher ratios of sodium oxide being more alkaline and of somewhat limited applicability although useful when such relatively highly alkaline detergents are permissible.
Instead ofwomm'ercial borax, it is advantageous from the standpoint of cost for a given effectiveness to use crude borate ore. Thus ores representing crude forms of soluble boron compounds may be used, provided the proper ratio of alkali to boron obtains and insoluble matter in the crude is not come into contact with the hands of the operator. In each case, washing of the'fabric was conducted for 15 minutes and there was used an aqueous 0.1% soap solution containing in one in.-
stance 0.1% of metasilicate and in the-other 0.1%
of a sodium borate in which the sodium oxide is present in a ratio to boron trioxide of approximately 2:1. The two solutions were of pHs 11.9
and 11.8, respectively. The increase in brightness due to the laundering with the sodium borate and soap composition 'was 14 units as compared to only 12 units with the soap and metasilicate. It
is found that at these higher pH levels the advantage of the sodium borate compositions is somewhat less relatively than at lower levels but nevertheless definitely better than that of other alkaline builders of comparable or even somewhat higher pH. I
In addition to the greater eifectiveness of the borate and soap composition of a given pH, the new sodium borate contains a larger proportion of sodium oxide to the total weight of the material on the anhydrous basis than any of the other salts which will give a comparable pH in the same concentration. Thus a solution; of the borate composition which in 0.1% concentration of anhydrous borate will give the same pH as a 0.1% solution of sodium carbonate contains more sodium oxide and has greater buffer value. The same is true of a borate composition which in 0.1% solution will give the same pH as a 0.1% solution of sodium metasilicate, the two being present in the same content of anhydrous builder. Therefore, the new borate composition will have a. greater efiect in uses where the detergent must neutralize acidity in the soil being removed. Generally it may be said that the borate composition will stand more abuse (unfavorable conditions of use) without losing its effectiveness than will any other known soap builder. 7
In the manufacture of the borate, I form a solution including the relatively inexpensive commercial borax and sodium hydroxide in proportion at least equal to the amount required theoretically to convert the borax to sodium metaborate according to the following equation:
This reaction requires at least 2 mols of sodium hydroxide for 1 mol of the borax and gives a product containing sodium and boron in the ratio corresponding approximately to 1 mol of sodium oxide (NazO) to l mol of boron trioxide (B203). Particularly satisfactory results in detergent compositions are obtained, however, when the ratio of sodium hydroxide to borax is increased to a higher ratio up to 3 mols of sodium oxide to one of boron trioxide. In these higher ratios,
filtered out. The amount of sodium hydroxide to add in establishing the proper ratio must be determined by analysis of. the particular lot of raw boron material to be treated, to give the stated M20320: ratio. It is understood that the sodium oxide and boron trioxide are combined in the finished product but the ratios of the sodium and boron are most conveniently stated in the form of the ratios of their two oxides which may be considered as jointly forming the molecule of the borate. Thus in sodium metaborate, the molar ratio would be 1:1, in sodium sesquiborate 2:1, and in sodium orthoborate 3:1.
In treating the ore or boron-containing raw material, I dissolve the said material in water with the selected proportion of sodium hydroxide, filter if necessary to separate undissolved foreign mating residue, and then mill it to particles of desired size that are substantially non-caking and freeflowing. This requires that the moisture content be not appreciably above 50 per cent in any case. I have found it desirable to dry at 230 F., and get a much lower moisture content with a resulting greater concentration of active agent and greater stability against caking.
In a typical preparation of the sodium borate of kind described, there were dissolved in parts of water 20.2 parts by weight of borax (N02B4O7.10H2O) and 9 parts of sodium hydroxide calculated on the anhydrous basis. After the solution was made uniform, it was subjected to evaporation to produce a residue of the desired sodium borate. This was then further heated until the moisture content of the borate was 50 per cent or less. The resulting material was then sent through a hammer mill and formed to particles predominantly finer than 20 mesh in which form the material is ready for use in the detergent composition. When it is desired that the finished detergent composition be more alkaline, the amount of sodium hydroxide in the above example is increased to as much as 40 parts of sodium hydroxide to 20.2 of the borax. For most practical uses the amount of sodium hydroxide used should be between 9 and 24 parts.
If soap is used as the surface-active agent, there is selected a water-soluble soap such as any of the common sodium soaps including the sodium stearate, palmitate, oleate, laurate or like sodium salts of higher fatty acids, either alone or mixed with each other, a mixture ordinarily being selected. For purposes of economy and also to produce profuse lathering, sodium abietate may be included or even substituted entirely for the other soaps. The soap may contain alkali salts of the fatty acids present in coconut and similar oils of relatively low average molecular weight of acids present.
Examples of surface-active agents that may be used in place of soap are sodium lauryl sulfate; sodium keryl benzene sulfonate; sodium 'dialkyl succinyl sulfonate, the size of the alkyl radical selected being reduced as the desired degree of alkalinity of the borate solution is increased; fatty acid derivatives of N-phenyl taurine or N-phenyl methyl taurine such as Igepon T; and like agents that are stable in alkaline solutions. I do not find it advantageous to add my borate to cation-active agents or to the non-ionizing types such as the polyethylene oxide compounds.
In addition to the surface-active agent and sodium borate there may be incorporated also decrease the sequesterer to an amount substantially below the proportion of the borate. When the sequestration agent is used, then the effectiveness of the detergent composition in hard water is increased because of the protection afforded by the agent against precipitation of the soap and borate by hardness of the water used.
While I find it advantageous to use these sequesterers with soap and the new borate they are not as advantageous with other surface-active agents and my borate, although they can be used without detriment and oiler some advantage. Similarly inexpensive neutral salts such as sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, etc, when added to a surface-active agent give advantages that more than offset their cost when the amount of such salts used is substantially less than that ot the combined weight of borate and surface-active agent.
It will be understood that certain details that have been given are tor the purpose of illustration, not restriction, and that variations within the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope oi! the appended claims. Thus while these compositions have been described in relation to dishwashing or home laundering they are also effective for such diverse purposes as bottle washing; metal cleaning, particularly before plating; floor, wall and tile cleaning, the composition to. be selected in accordance with theintent to clean by hand or by machine; and other analogous and related purposes. In some of its forms it is a desirable packaged soap composition for sale to the public for general home use.
l. A cleansing composition in dry form comprising an intimate mixture of a water soluble fatty acid soap and a soap builder consisting of a sodium borate having 1.1 to 2 mols of sodium oxide to one mol of boron trioxide, the proportion of sodium borate being substantial but not above 5 parts of the borate to one part of the soap.
2. The cleansing composition described in claim 1 including a molecularly dehydrated sodium phosphate serving as a calcium sequestration agent.
FOSTER DEE SNELL.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US424919A US2376096A (en) | 1941-12-30 | 1941-12-30 | Detergent composition |
GB7613/42A GB561294A (en) | 1941-12-30 | 1942-06-04 | Improvements in detergent compositions and methods of producing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US424919A US2376096A (en) | 1941-12-30 | 1941-12-30 | Detergent composition |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2376096A true US2376096A (en) | 1945-05-15 |
Family
ID=23684434
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US424919A Expired - Lifetime US2376096A (en) | 1941-12-30 | 1941-12-30 | Detergent composition |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2376096A (en) |
GB (1) | GB561294A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2530837A (en) * | 1943-08-02 | 1950-11-21 | Gilron Products Company | Lubricant composition composed of high-titre soap, borax, and an inorganic compound |
US2579380A (en) * | 1951-12-18 | nazsox | ||
US2595300A (en) * | 1950-12-23 | 1952-05-06 | Wilson & Co Inc | Soap compositions and soap flakes |
US2662810A (en) * | 1949-09-26 | 1953-12-15 | Borax Cons Ltd | Stabilization of borax supersaturation in solutions |
US3394653A (en) * | 1965-10-12 | 1968-07-30 | Robert E. Riesberg | Novel method of cleaning paper planographic plates |
US4297229A (en) * | 1979-10-23 | 1981-10-27 | United States Borax & Chemical Corporation | Particulate borate-soap compositions |
-
1941
- 1941-12-30 US US424919A patent/US2376096A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1942
- 1942-06-04 GB GB7613/42A patent/GB561294A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2579380A (en) * | 1951-12-18 | nazsox | ||
US2530837A (en) * | 1943-08-02 | 1950-11-21 | Gilron Products Company | Lubricant composition composed of high-titre soap, borax, and an inorganic compound |
US2662810A (en) * | 1949-09-26 | 1953-12-15 | Borax Cons Ltd | Stabilization of borax supersaturation in solutions |
US2595300A (en) * | 1950-12-23 | 1952-05-06 | Wilson & Co Inc | Soap compositions and soap flakes |
US3394653A (en) * | 1965-10-12 | 1968-07-30 | Robert E. Riesberg | Novel method of cleaning paper planographic plates |
US4297229A (en) * | 1979-10-23 | 1981-10-27 | United States Borax & Chemical Corporation | Particulate borate-soap compositions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB561294A (en) | 1944-05-15 |
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