US2365215A - Detergent composition - Google Patents
Detergent composition Download PDFInfo
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- US2365215A US2365215A US2365215DA US2365215A US 2365215 A US2365215 A US 2365215A US 2365215D A US2365215D A US 2365215DA US 2365215 A US2365215 A US 2365215A
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- sodium
- detergent composition
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- wetting agent
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 37
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title description 17
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 10
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 5
- PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Physostigmine Natural products C12=CC(OC(=O)NC)=CC=C2N(C)C2C1(C)CCN2C PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940048084 pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- JUNWLZAGQLJVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium diphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O JUNWLZAGQLJVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229940043256 calcium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019821 dicalcium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JXSJBGJIGXNWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(SP(=S)(OC)OC)C(=O)OCC JXSJBGJIGXNWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYQBBRRVRKFJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium pyrophosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])(=O)OP(O)([O-])=O GYQBBRRVRKFJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SNXYIOIMZXSIDC-UHFFFAOYSA-A hexadecasodium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O SNXYIOIMZXSIDC-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- 229940005740 hexametaphosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003573 neuralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate group Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 229940061319 ovide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/044—Hydroxides or bases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/08—Silicates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a certain new and useful detergent composition and it relates more particularly to adetergent powder composition.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a detergent composition which will be emcient and economical and which will possess good wett ng and cleansing properties in hard water as well as in soft water.
- I may p ovide a com osition comprising sodium metasilicate, tetrasodiurm pyrophosphate, sodium bicarbonate, a wetting agent, and sodium tetra pyrophosphate.
- wetting agent As a wetting agent. I prefer .to use an organic. foaming, wetting agent or a combination of such wetting agents-as for example the composition known in the trade as Esterine or Alrosene which contains quaternary ammonium compounds of fatty acids, including those acids derived from coconut oil.
- organic wetting agents which'I may use in my detergent composition are:
- Quaternary ammonium surface active compounds with the structure where N is a nitrogen atom v 'X is a halogen R1 and R2 are aliphatic radicals containing-less than '1 carbon atoms and which may be the same or different. l
- R is an aliphatic radical containing 8 to carbon atoms which may or may not contain a sulfonic group.
- R4 is an aryl or aralkyl radical which may or may I not contain one or more sulfonic groups.
- X may also be any other anionic or electronegative group sum as an, hydroxyl, sulphate. or nitrate group. as exemplified, for instance, by U. S. Patent No. 2,060,850 and British Patent 443,795.
- the percentage composition of the detergent constituting my present invention may be varied through quite broad limits.
- the sodium metasilicate may be approximately to '75 percent, the sodium carbonate from 10 to 40 percent.
- the sodium bicarbonate from 0 to percent, the wetting agent from 5 to 20 percent, and the tetrasodium pyrophosphate from 1 to 15 percent.
- compositions are illustrative: (A) Detergent composition for household use:
- composition A above listed is particularly eflicient for household use especially with washing machines (both of the rotary type and of the reversing agitator type).
- I may first mix the wetting agent (which is in the form of a paste as in the case of Esterine" or in the form of a liquid) with the tetrasodium pyrophosphate and the sodium carbonatethe mixing being continued until a dry powder is formed.
- the wetting agent which is in the form of a paste as in the case of Esterine" or in the form of a liquid
- the sodium bicarbonate is then added with further mixing. Finally, the sodium metasilicate is added with additional mixing.
- the detergent composition making up my present invention is used simply by adding a small amountlas for example 1%) to the water which is to be used in the washing operation.
- the addition of my detergent composition results in the formation of .a quick, copious and stable foam or suds.
- the composition is highly effective in removing dirt, grease and other stains and spots from clothing, and otherlaundered articles and for all other wet cleaning purposes.
- composition of the present invention has, at the same time, a gentle cleansing action and maybe used safely upon the great majority of laundered articles.
- composition of the present invention will produce abundant and immediate suds or foam even in hard water and will prevent the formation of the characteristic gray scum or deposit which results when ordinary soaps or soap powders are added to hard water.
- my present composition will give a pH of approximately 9.0 to 11.5.
- the sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate give a buffer action and act to reduce the relatively strong alkalinity of the sodium metasilicate.
- the sodium metasilicate In one percent solution, the sodium metasilicate has a pH of approximately 12.3 the sodium carbonate 11.4. and the sodium bicarbonate 8.
- the mixture in l solution has a pH of approximately so that the mixture is less strongly alkaline than the sodium metasilicate itself.
- the sodium carbonate also prevents the caking which results when sodium metasilicate and sodium bicarbonate are mixed alone-the sodium carbonate acting as a diluent to prevent the interaction of the other two constituents and to absorb any water which would cause reaction and caking and the formation of less soluble silicates.
- the wetting agent performs the usual functions of such a material in a detergent composition giving an emulsifying, wetting, and desorbing action.
- the tetrasodium pyrophosphate has several functions in my present composition; During the preparation of the composition, it acts ⁇ to dry the mixture by combining with the water present-' the adsorbed and absorbed water being converted to water of crystallization.
- the tetrasodium pyrophosphate also acts to increase the foaming efiect of the wetting agent.
- the primary efiect of the tetrasodium pyrophosphate is the softening of the water to be used during the laundering period. I believe that this is accomplished by the formation of a calciumpyrophosphate complexion which is soluble, very stable and very slightly dissociated so that the calcium, which is normally present in hard water is immobilized and tied up to such an extent that the formation of insoluble calcium salts (which constitute the scum usually formed when hard water is used in washing) is prevented.
- the orthosilicate may be used-in which case the buffer mixture ratio should be changed to correspond with the change in the degree of alkalinity of the silicate.
- the partially neutralized pyrophosphates as for example the di-sodium pyrophosphate NazHzPzO'r.
- the metasilicate may be used with part orall of the bicarbonate eliminated.
- Borax may be used to replace part of the carbonate and bicarbonate since it gives similar buffer and diluent action.
- Metaborate may be used to replace part of the metasilicate although generally somewhat more expensive.
- alkali metal salts may be used in place of the sodium salts described hereinabove.
- a finely divided free-flowing non-caking readily water-soluble detergent powder composition comprising by weight about25 to sodium metasilicate, 10 to 40% sodium carbonate, an effective amount up to 35% sodium bicarbonate, 5 to 20% of an organic wetting agent and 1 to 15% tetrasodium pyrophosphate in substantially unreacted form, said composition having a pH about 9 to about 11.5 in about 1% by weight aqueous solution. 7
- a finely divided free-flowing non-caking readily water-soluble detergent powder composition comprising by weight about 25 to 75% of an alkali metal metasilicate, 10 to 40% of an alkali metal carbonate, an effective amount up to 35% alkali metal bicarbonate, 5 to 20% of an organic wetting agent and 1 to 15% of an alkali metal said composition having a. pH about 9 to about 11.5 in about 1% by weight aqueous solution.
- a finely divided free-flowing non-caking readily water-soluble detergent powder composition comprising by weight about 25% sodium metasilicate, 30% sodium carbonate, 25% sodium bicarbonate, 10% of an organic wetting agent, and 10% tetrasodium pyrophosphate.
- An aqueous detergent bath comprising an aqueous solution of the composition defined in claim 1.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
Pat rnal). 19, 1944 DETERGENT COMPOSITION "John Cecil Rhodes, Wyncote, Pa.
No Drawing.
Application January 23, 1941, Serial No. 375,619 7 v 4 Claims. ('01. 252-137) The present invention relates to a certain new and useful detergent composition and it relates more particularly to adetergent powder composition. n
An object of the present invention is to provide a detergent composition which will be emcient and economical and which will possess good wett ng and cleansing properties in hard water as well as in soft water.
Other objects and purposes of the present in- .vention are apparent in the following specification and appended claims.
For the purpose'of illustrating the invention, certain embodiments thereof are described hereinbelowit being understood however that these are given for purposes of illustration on y and that it is possible to embody the present invention in other forms without departing from the spirit thereof.
In one embodiment of the present invention I may p ovide a com osition comprising sodium metasilicate, tetrasodiurm pyrophosphate, sodium bicarbonate, a wetting agent, and sodium tetra pyrophosphate. I
As a wetting agent. I prefer .to use an organic. foaming, wetting agent or a combination of such wetting agents-as for example the composition known in the trade as Esterine or Alrosene which contains quaternary ammonium compounds of fatty acids, including those acids derived from coconut oil. I
Among the organic wetting agents which'I may use in my detergent composition are:
1) Surface active compounds prepared by react n fa ty olefines w th mono-alkyl p enolsjn the presence of sulfuric acid and subsequently neu ralizing with alkali.
2) Surface active compounds prepared by reacting fatty alcohols with mono-a kyl phenols in the presence of sulfuric acid and subsequently neutralizing with alkali.
(3) Surface active compounds prepared by condensing, in the presence of sulfuric acid. phenols with condensation products prepared from fa tv acids and alkylol amines and subsequently neutralizing with alkali.
(4) Quaternary ammonium surface active compounds with the structure where N is a nitrogen atom v 'X is a halogen R1 and R2 are aliphatic radicals containing-less than '1 carbon atoms and which may be the same or different. l
R: is an aliphatic radical containing 8 to carbon atoms which may or may not contain a sulfonic group.
R4 is an aryl or aralkyl radical which may or may I not contain one or more sulfonic groups.
X may also be any other anionic or electronegative group sum as an, hydroxyl, sulphate. or nitrate group. as exemplified, for instance, by U. S. Patent No. 2,060,850 and British Patent 443,795.
The percentage composition of the detergent constituting my present invention may be varied through quite broad limits. Thus, I have found that the sodium metasilicate may be approximately to '75 percent, the sodium carbonate from 10 to 40 percent. the sodium bicarbonate from 0 to percent, the wetting agent from 5 to 20 percent, and the tetrasodium pyrophosphate from 1 to 15 percent.
The following compositions are illustrative: (A) Detergent composition for household use:
Sodium metasilicate ten pounds (25%) Sodium carbonate 12 pounds (30%) Sodium bicarbonate 10 pounds (25%) Wetting agent (Esterine) 4 pounds (10%) Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 4 pounds (10%) (B) Detergent composition for commercial laundry use:
Sodium metasilicate 7 pounds Sodium carbonate 1 /2 pounds (15%) Sodium bicarbonate 0 pounds Wetting agent (Esterine") 1% pounds Tetrasodium pyrophosphate I have found that composition A above listed is particularly eflicient for household use especially with washing machines (both of the rotary type and of the reversing agitator type).
In preparing the detergent composition constituting one embodiment of the present invention, I may first mix the wetting agent (which is in the form of a paste as in the case of Esterine" or in the form of a liquid) with the tetrasodium pyrophosphate and the sodium carbonatethe mixing being continued until a dry powder is formed.
The sodium bicarbonate is then added with further mixing. Finally, the sodium metasilicate is added with additional mixing.
pound OFFICE" While it may be desirable in some instances to grind the finalcomposition so that a smaller particle size may be obtained, my composition may be used in-most instances without any final grinding step. I prefer to sieve the final composition.
The detergent composition making up my present invention, is used simply by adding a small amountlas for example 1%) to the water which is to be used in the washing operation. The addition of my detergent composition results in the formation of .a quick, copious and stable foam or suds. The composition is highly effective in removing dirt, grease and other stains and spots from clothing, and otherlaundered articles and for all other wet cleaning purposes.
The composition of the present invention has, at the same time, a gentle cleansing action and maybe used safely upon the great majority of laundered articles. As hereinabove stated, the
' composition of the present invention will produce abundant and immediate suds or foam even in hard water and will prevent the formation of the characteristic gray scum or deposit which results when ordinary soaps or soap powders are added to hard water.
In 1% solution, my present composition will give a pH of approximately 9.0 to 11.5.
While I do not wish to be bound thereby, I believe that the function of the several ingredients and the action of the final composition may be explained as follows:
The sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate give a buffer action and act to reduce the relatively strong alkalinity of the sodium metasilicate. In one percent solution, the sodium metasilicate has a pH of approximately 12.3 the sodium carbonate 11.4. and the sodium bicarbonate 8. When the three above-listed ingredients: are mixed, the mixture in l solution has a pH of approximately so that the mixture is less strongly alkaline than the sodium metasilicate itself.
The sodium carbonate also prevents the caking which results when sodium metasilicate and sodium bicarbonate are mixed alone-the sodium carbonate acting as a diluent to prevent the interaction of the other two constituents and to absorb any water which would cause reaction and caking and the formation of less soluble silicates.
The wetting agent performs the usual functions of such a material in a detergent composition giving an emulsifying, wetting, and desorbing action. I- prefer to use the synthetic organic wetting agents above described since these are more effective than the ordinary soaps or soap powders.
The tetrasodium pyrophosphate has several functions in my present composition; During the preparation of the composition, it acts\to dry the mixture by combining with the water present-' the adsorbed and absorbed water being converted to water of crystallization.
The tetrasodium pyrophosphate also acts to increase the foaming efiect of the wetting agent.
The primary efiect of the tetrasodium pyrophosphate is the softening of the water to be used during the laundering period. I believe that this is accomplished by the formation of a calciumpyrophosphate complexion which is soluble, very stable and very slightly dissociated so that the calcium, which is normally present in hard water is immobilized and tied up to such an extent that the formation of insoluble calcium salts (which constitute the scum usually formed when hard water is used in washing) is prevented.
pyrophosphate in substantially unreacted form,
to water taken up from the ample the orthosilicate may be used-in which case the buffer mixture ratio should be changed to correspond with the change in the degree of alkalinity of the silicate.
In place of the tetrasodium pyrophosphate it is possible to use the partially neutralized pyrophosphates as for example the di-sodium pyrophosphate NazHzPzO'r.
It is also possible to use other phosphates such as the orthophosphate and the hexametaphosphate.
When silicates less alkaline than the metasilicate are used, it is possible to eliminate pant or all of the bicarbonate.
For specific purposes, where a detergent composition giving a high pH is desired, the metasilicate may be used with part orall of the bicarbonate eliminated.
Borax may be used to replace part of the carbonate and bicarbonate since it gives similar buffer and diluent action.
Metaborate may be used to replace part of the metasilicate although generally somewhat more expensive.
Other alkali metal salts may be used in place of the sodium salts described hereinabove.
The present invention may be embodied in other forms and it is therefore desired that the scope of the present invention be determined by the following claims rather than the foregoing specification.
Having thus 'described the invention, what is hereby claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:
1. A finely divided free-flowing non-caking readily water-soluble detergent powder composition comprising by weight about25 to sodium metasilicate, 10 to 40% sodium carbonate, an effective amount up to 35% sodium bicarbonate, 5 to 20% of an organic wetting agent and 1 to 15% tetrasodium pyrophosphate in substantially unreacted form, said composition having a pH about 9 to about 11.5 in about 1% by weight aqueous solution. 7
2. A finely divided free-flowing non-caking readily water-soluble detergent powder composition comprising by weight about 25 to 75% of an alkali metal metasilicate, 10 to 40% of an alkali metal carbonate, an effective amount up to 35% alkali metal bicarbonate, 5 to 20% of an organic wetting agent and 1 to 15% of an alkali metal said composition having a. pH about 9 to about 11.5 in about 1% by weight aqueous solution.
3. A finely divided free-flowing non-caking readily water-soluble detergent powder composition comprising by weight about 25% sodium metasilicate, 30% sodium carbonate, 25% sodium bicarbonate, 10% of an organic wetting agent, and 10% tetrasodium pyrophosphate.
4. An aqueous detergent bath comprising an aqueous solution of the composition defined in claim 1.
J. CECIL RHODES.
of time without caking or.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2365215A true US2365215A (en) | 1944-12-19 |
Family
ID=3434164
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2365215D Expired - Lifetime US2365215A (en) | Detergent composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2365215A (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2486922A (en) * | 1945-11-09 | 1949-11-01 | Procter & Gamble | Stabilized detergent composition |
| US2502881A (en) * | 1945-10-17 | 1950-04-04 | Parker Elizabeth Weston | Household cleaning composition |
| US2509440A (en) * | 1950-05-30 | Caustic alkali detergent | ||
| US2519747A (en) * | 1945-07-16 | 1950-08-22 | Onyx Oil & Chemical Company | Detergent composition |
| US2525079A (en) * | 1950-10-10 | Cleaning preparation for removing | ||
| US2622068A (en) * | 1948-06-04 | 1952-12-16 | Procter & Gamble | Process of making heat dried detergent compositions containing form ii sodium triphosphate |
| US2658873A (en) * | 1947-05-21 | 1953-11-10 | Armour & Co | Germicidal detergent composition |
| US2746930A (en) * | 1949-05-12 | 1956-05-22 | Monsanto Chemicals | Process for making detergent compositions |
| US2746929A (en) * | 1956-05-22 | Prqcess f or making detergent | ||
| US3000831A (en) * | 1957-07-22 | 1961-09-19 | Monsanto Chemicals | Detergent compositions |
| US3122508A (en) * | 1960-07-28 | 1964-02-25 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Heavy duty detergent compositions |
| US3168478A (en) * | 1960-07-28 | 1965-02-02 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Highly alkaline surface active compositions |
| US3996399A (en) * | 1974-06-10 | 1976-12-07 | Societe Francaise des Silicates Speciauz "SIFRANCE" | Process for improving the stability and shaping of anhydrous sodium metasilicate, and the products, and compositions containing same |
-
0
- US US2365215D patent/US2365215A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2509440A (en) * | 1950-05-30 | Caustic alkali detergent | ||
| US2525079A (en) * | 1950-10-10 | Cleaning preparation for removing | ||
| US2746929A (en) * | 1956-05-22 | Prqcess f or making detergent | ||
| US2519747A (en) * | 1945-07-16 | 1950-08-22 | Onyx Oil & Chemical Company | Detergent composition |
| US2502881A (en) * | 1945-10-17 | 1950-04-04 | Parker Elizabeth Weston | Household cleaning composition |
| US2486922A (en) * | 1945-11-09 | 1949-11-01 | Procter & Gamble | Stabilized detergent composition |
| US2658873A (en) * | 1947-05-21 | 1953-11-10 | Armour & Co | Germicidal detergent composition |
| US2622068A (en) * | 1948-06-04 | 1952-12-16 | Procter & Gamble | Process of making heat dried detergent compositions containing form ii sodium triphosphate |
| US2746930A (en) * | 1949-05-12 | 1956-05-22 | Monsanto Chemicals | Process for making detergent compositions |
| US3000831A (en) * | 1957-07-22 | 1961-09-19 | Monsanto Chemicals | Detergent compositions |
| US3122508A (en) * | 1960-07-28 | 1964-02-25 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Heavy duty detergent compositions |
| US3168478A (en) * | 1960-07-28 | 1965-02-02 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Highly alkaline surface active compositions |
| US3996399A (en) * | 1974-06-10 | 1976-12-07 | Societe Francaise des Silicates Speciauz "SIFRANCE" | Process for improving the stability and shaping of anhydrous sodium metasilicate, and the products, and compositions containing same |
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