US1615146A - Heinrich spindler - Google Patents

Heinrich spindler Download PDF

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Publication number
US1615146A
US1615146A US1615146DA US1615146A US 1615146 A US1615146 A US 1615146A US 1615146D A US1615146D A US 1615146DA US 1615146 A US1615146 A US 1615146A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
water
washing
magnesium
soap
insoluble
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
    • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
    • C11D9/06—Inorganic compounds
    • C11D9/18—Water-insoluble compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
    • C11D2111/12—Soft surfaces, e.g. textile

Definitions

  • the insoluble calciumand magnesium salts deposit upon the fibres, fabrics and the like, as a tough, viscous mass, enveloping the dirty substances so that they cannot be acted upon by the soap, and rendering the fibres brittle after the drying, dull in colour and less easily dyed. According to the degree of hardness of the water the normal progress of the washing process is therefore disturbed more or less and the qualities of the fabrics are more or less unfavorably influenced in chemical and physical respect. For this reason the washing water has been hitherto always submitted to a softening process before it is used for washing.
  • soaps are used for washing which contain insoluble metal compounds of a feebly basic character such as for instance oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, calcium, barium, aluminium, zinc and the like.
  • insoluble substances can be incorporated in soaps in the simplest manner for instance by adding to the elementary substances of the soaps, before or during the sa-ponification, salts or double salts of the metals in question, which are soluble in water, for instance magnesium sulphate, such quantities of said salts being added as are necessary to react with the alkali to form the desired amount of metal oxide or bydroxide, so that the water is softened during the washing process.
  • a determined quantity of fatty acids is heated with such a quantity of alkaline lye that the alkali present in the lye is sufficient for the saponification of the fatty acid and for the transformation of the soluble salt added.
  • the action of the water insoluble metal compounds may be explained according to the following theory, it being understood that the invention is not dependent upon this or any other theory:
  • the hardness coustituents commonly present in hard water are the acid carbonates, (i. c., bicarboir ates) of calcium and/or magnesium.
  • the finely divided water-insoluble metal compounds added to the hard water in the soap vehicle react with the said acid carbonates, thereby forming ⁇ v: 1.ter-insolul')le normal carbonates, as illustrated by the following equation CaO-l-Call (C0,) :QCaCCL-JLO
  • the quantities of insoluble metallic combinations to be incorporated in the soap depend evidently on the hardness of the water.
  • a soap solution which contains 100 gr. of soap to 10 liters (:10000 c. c.) of water.
  • the soap contains on an average of 50% of fatty acid, and as 1 degree of hardness corresponds to 1 gr. of calcium oxide (equivalent to 0.8 gr. of magnesium oxide) in 100,000 c. c. of water, the said 10 liters of soap solution contain 50 gr. of fatty acid, and to each degree of hardness, 0.1 gr. of calcium oxide or 0.08 gr. of magnesium oxide. If therefore 0.17 gr. of magnesium oxide are produced by adding 1 gr. of crystallized magnesium sulphate to every 100 gr. of fatty acid in the soap, the soap solution taken as an example contains 008 gr.
  • magnesium oxide incorporated in 50 gr. of fatty acid and capable of expelling from 10 liters of Water 0.1 gr. of hardness producing calcium oxide corresponding to 1 degree of hardness; that is, every gram of water so that for a water of, for instance,
  • a soap which has an addition of 10 parts of magnesium sulphate, or about 6 parts of magnesium oxi-de, for 100 parts of fatty acid, or, to make quite sure, a soap which contains an excess, for instance up to 4:5 or 50 parts of magnesium sulphate, or about 6 parts of magnesium oxide, for 100 parts of fatty acid.
  • the soaps containing insoluble metal oxides or the like are used for washing purpose, the calciumand magnesium combinations dissolved in the Water are separated in the form of a loose powder without the use of valuable fatty acids and without precipitation of insoluble fatty acid combinations upon the material to be washed, so that the quality of this material is not influenced unfavorably.
  • a process of washing and cleaning fabrics and other materials which comprises washing the material in hard water with a soap containing a quantity of an uncombined finely divided water-insoluble metal compound of a weak basic character capable of precipitating calcium and magnesium compounds from the water, so that the water is softened during the washing process.
  • a process of washing and cleaning fabrics and other materials which comprises washing the material in hard Water containing an acid carbonate of an alkaline earth metal with a soap containing anuncombined finely divided water-insoluble metal compound having a weak basic character capabio of reacting with the said acid carbonate, thereby precipitating the water-insoluble normal carbonate of said alkaline metal.
  • a process of washing and cleaning fabrics and other materials as defined in claim 2, in which the said water-insoluble metal compound is magnesium oxide.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US1615146D 1922-06-02 Heinrich spindler Expired - Lifetime US1615146A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEH90092D DE400131C (de) 1922-06-02 1922-06-02 Verfahren zum Waschen und Reinigen von Textil- und anderem Waschgut

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1615146A true US1615146A (en) 1927-01-18

Family

ID=7165773

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US1615146D Expired - Lifetime US1615146A (en) 1922-06-02 Heinrich spindler

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US1615146A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE400131C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB198681A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5417878A (en) * 1991-03-07 1995-05-23 Kao Corporation Solid detergent composition
US5976193A (en) * 1997-04-08 1999-11-02 Cigone Enterprises, Inc. Method composition and system for removing

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE750703C (de) * 1934-05-10 1945-01-24 Waschverfahren
US2437253A (en) * 1940-01-08 1948-03-09 Lever Brothers Ltd Detergent composition
BE604014A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1960-05-20
US4094807A (en) * 1974-03-07 1978-06-13 Lever Brothers Company Preparation of detergent bars containing zinc oxide

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5417878A (en) * 1991-03-07 1995-05-23 Kao Corporation Solid detergent composition
US5976193A (en) * 1997-04-08 1999-11-02 Cigone Enterprises, Inc. Method composition and system for removing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB198681A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1924-08-07
DE400131C (de) 1924-08-01

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