TWI827628B - 噻二(thiadiazine)衍生物 - Google Patents
噻二(thiadiazine)衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI827628B TWI827628B TW108122604A TW108122604A TWI827628B TW I827628 B TWI827628 B TW I827628B TW 108122604 A TW108122604 A TW 108122604A TW 108122604 A TW108122604 A TW 108122604A TW I827628 B TWI827628 B TW I827628B
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Classifications
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D285/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D275/00 - C07D283/00
- C07D285/15—Six-membered rings
- C07D285/16—Thiadiazines; Hydrogenated thiadiazines
-
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
- A61K31/549—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame having two or more nitrogen atoms in the same ring, e.g. hydrochlorothiazide
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- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Nitrogen- Or Sulfur-Containing Heterocyclic Ring Compounds With Rings Of Six Or More Members (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Abstract
本發明關於噻二𠯤衍生物,或其醫藥上可接受的鹽、生物活性代謝物、前驅藥,外消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物和水合物,以及含有彼等之醫藥組成物及彼等作為哺乳動物對象的α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性的調節劑之用途。
Description
乙醯膽鹼(ACh)藉由與膽鹼能受體的結合而在哺乳動物中樞神經系統(CNS)中發揮其神經遞質的功能。根據毒蕈鹼和菸鹼的促效活性,哺乳動物CNS含有二種主要類型的ACh受體:分別為蕈毒(mAChR)和菸鹼(nAChR)受體。菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體為由五個次單元組成的配體閘控離子通道(Purves et al.Neuroscience 4th ed.(2008)122-126)。菸鹼受體的次單元屬於多基因家族且根據彼等的胺基酸序列分成二組;一組含有α次單元,另一組含有β次單元。不同
次單元組合的五聚體組合體導致大量具有各種藥理學性質的受體次單元。最廣泛表現之亞型的組合體包括肌型((α1)2β1δε)、神經節型((α3)2(β4)3)和CNS型(α4)2(β2)3或(α7)5)nAChR亞型(Le Novère N et al.Journal of Molecular Evolution 40(1995)155-172)。α7次單元已顯示當單獨表現時,形成功能性受體,並因此推測形成同源寡聚物(homooligomeric)五聚體。
nAChR離子通道的活化主要由配體結合在習知促效劑之結合位置來控制,但也受負向或正向異位調節劑(positive allosteric modulator)(NAM和PAM)的調節。nAChR的異位過渡態模式至少涉及靜止狀態、活化狀態和“脫敏”封閉通道狀態、受體變得對促效劑不敏感的過程。不同的nAChR配體可穩定彼等優先結合的受體之構形狀態。例如,促效劑ACh和(-)-菸鹼分別穩定活化和脫敏狀態。菸鹼受體之活性的改變與許多疾病有關。菸鹼受體的減少已被假設可媒介疾病中所見的認知缺陷,諸如阿茲海默症和思覺失調症。來自煙草的菸鹼之作用也是由菸鹼受體媒介,並且因為菸鹼之作用係穩定在脫敏狀態下的受體,所以菸鹼受體的活性增加可能會降低吸煙的慾望。
然而,以作用於與Ach相同的位置之菸鹼受體促效劑治療是有問題的,因為ACh不僅活化,而且亦透過過程阻斷受體活性,其包括脫敏和非競爭性阻斷。此外,長時間的活化似乎會誘發持久的去活。因此,可預期ACh的促效劑在長期投予(chronic administration)後失去效用。
而α7 nAChR的特徵在於其相較於其他亞型的快速活化動力學及對Ca2+的高滲透性(Delbono et al.J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.280(1997)428-438),其亦呈現暴露於在正構(orthosteric)位置之促效劑後的快速脫敏(Castro et al.Neurosci.Lett.164(1993)137-140;Couturier et al.Neuron 5(1990)847-856)。儘管近年來已進行經開發各種α7-選擇性促效劑和部分促效劑,但由於促效劑活化之後的此受體阻斷(脫敏),彼等臨床療效被證明是次優的。此問題可藉由用PAM治療,增強由內源促進劑媒介的α7 nAChR活化而克服。在各種臨床前模式中已證明α7 nAChRs的正調節具有認知效益(Thomsen et al.Curr Pharm Des 16(2010)323-343;Lendvai et al.Brain Res Bull 93(2013)86-96)。
本發明之化合物可用於治療由α7 nAChR的正向異位調節媒介或與其相關的疾病和病況,包括但不限於精神病症(例如思覺失調症(Deutsch SI et al.Schizophr Res 148(2013)138-144)、類思覺失調症(Rowe AR et al.J Psychopharmacol 29(2015)197-211)、情感思覺失調症(Martin LF et al.Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 144B(2007)611-614)、妄想症(Carson R et al.Neuromolecular Med 10(2008)377-384)、短暫精神病症、一般醫學狀況誘發之精神病症、物質誘發之精神病症或其他未注明之精神病症)、認知損傷(包括例如治療認知功能損傷,以及由於中風引起的認知損傷)、阿茲海默症(Lewis
AS et al.Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 75(2017)45-53)、亨汀頓氏症(Foucault-Fruchard L et al.Neural Regen Res 13(2018)737-741)、匹克症(Fehér A et al.Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 28(2009)56-62)、與HIV相關失智症(Capó-Vélez CM et al.Sci Rep 8(2018)1829)、額顳葉失智症(Minami SS et al.Biochem Pharmacol 97(2015)454-462)、路易氏體失智症(Perry EK et al.Neuroscience 64(1995)385-395)、血管型失智症(Putignano S et al.Clin Interv Aging 7(2012)113-118)、腦血管疾病(Si ML和Lee TJF Circ Res 91(2002)62-69)或其他失智症狀態、及與其他退化型疾病(肌肉萎縮性脊髓側索硬化症(Kawamata et al.Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2(2011)197-208)、等等)相關的失智症、其他可引起認知衰退的急性或亞急性病況諸如譫妄(Sfera A et al.Front Med 2(2015)56)、外傷性腦損傷(Shin SS et al.Neural Regen Res 10(2015)1552-1554)、老年失智症(Whitehouse PJ et et al.Science 215(1982)1237-1239)、輕度認知損傷(Ikonomovic MD et al.Arch Neurol 66(2009)646-651)、唐氏症(Deutsch SI et al.Clin Neuropharmacol 26(2003)277-283)、憂鬱和與其他疾病相關的認知缺陷及運動障礙(Parameswaran N et al.Soc Neurosci Abstr(2007)(諸如帕金森氏病症(Quik M et al.Biochem Pharmacol 97(2015)399-407)、以及精神抑制劑誘發之帕金森病、或遲發性運動障礙(Terry AV和Gearhart DA Eur J Pharmacol 571(2007)29-32))、憂鬱和
情感症,包括憂鬱症和發作(Philip NS et al.Psychopharmacology 212(2010)1-12)、躁鬱症(Leonard S和Freedman R.Biol Psychiatry 60(2006)115-122)、循環型情感症(Ancín I et al.J Affect Disord 133(2011)340-345)和其他未注明之躁鬱症、其他情感症(Shytle RD et al.Depression和Anxiety 16(2002)89-92)、物質誘發之情感症和其他未注明之情感症、焦慮症(Picciotto MR et al.Neuropharmacology 96(2015)235-243)、恐慌症和恐慌發作(Zvolensky MJ et al.Clin Psychol Rev 25(2005)761-789)、強迫症(Tizabi Y et al.Biol Psychiatry 51(2002)164-171)、創傷後壓力症(Sun R et al.Neuroscience 344(2017)243-254)、急性壓力症(Mineur YS et al.Neuropsychopharmacology 41(2015)1579-1587)、廣泛性焦慮症(Cocores JA Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 10(2008)253-254)、一般醫學狀況誘發之焦慮症、物質誘發之焦慮症、恐懼症和其他未注明之焦慮症、與物質相關病症例如物質使用或物質誘發之病症,例如酒精-(de Fiebre NC和de Fiebre CM Alcohol 31(2003)149-153;Diaper AM et al.Br J Clin Pharmacol 77(2014)302-314)、菸鹼-(Leslie FM et al.Mol Pharmacol 83(2013)753-758)、安非他命-(Pubill D et al.Pharmaceuticals 4(2011)822-847)、苯環己哌啶-(Thomsen MS et al.Neuropharmacology 56(2009)1001-1009)、類鴉片-(Zhang W,Int J Clin Exp Med 8(2015)1871-1879)、大麻-(Solinas M et al.J
Neurosci 27(2007)5615-5620)、古柯鹼-(Francis MM et al.Mol Pharmacol 60(2001)71-79)、咖啡因-、迷幻劑-、吸入劑-、鎮靜劑-、安眠藥-、抗焦慮藥-、多物質-或其他物質-相關疾病;睡眠障礙(McNamara JP et al.Psychol Health Med 19(2014)410-419)諸如嗜睡症(Krahn et al J Clin Sleep Med 5(2009)390)、睡眠異常、原發型嗜睡症、與呼吸相關的睡眠障礙、晝夜節律性睡眠障礙和其他未注明之睡眠異常、異睡症、睡眠驚恐障礙、夢遊症和其他未注明之異睡症(parasomnia)、與另一種精神障礙相關的睡眠障礙(包括與另一種精神障礙相關的失眠症和與另一種精神障礙相關的嗜睡症)、一般醫學狀況誘發之睡眠障礙和物質誘發之睡眠障礙;代謝和飲食障礙(Somm E Arch Immunol Ther Exp 62(2014)62:87-101),諸如神經性厭食症(Cuesto G et al.J Neurogenet 31(2017)266-287)、神經性暴食症、肥胖症(Lakhan SE和Kirchgessner A J Transl Med 9(2011)129-139)、強迫性飲食障礙、暴食症和其他未注明之飲食障礙;糖尿病(Marrero MB et al.J Pharmacol Exp Ther 332(2010)173-180)、潰瘍性結腸炎(Salaga et al.JPET 356(2016)157-169)、克隆氏病(Bencherif M et al.Cell Mol Life Sci 68(2011)931-949)、腸躁症候群(Keszthelyi D et al.Neurogastroenterol Motil 21(2009)1239-1249)、泛自閉症障礙(Deutsch et al.Clin Neuropharmacol 33(2010)114-120),包括自閉症、亞斯伯格症、雷特氏症、兒童期崩解症和其他未注明之廣泛性發
展障礙、注意力缺陷過動症(Wilens TE和Decker MW Biochem Pharmacol 74(2007)1212-1223)、破壞性行為障礙、對立性反抗症和其他未注明之破壞性行為障礙、及抽動障礙諸如妥瑞症(GottiC和Clementi F Prog Neurobiol 74(2004)363-396)、人格障礙(Kamens HM et al.Behav Genet 46(2016)693-704)、性功能障礙,諸如性慾障礙、性興奮障礙、性高潮障礙、性疼痛障礙、其他未注明之性功能障礙、性倒錯、性別認同障礙、不孕症(Bray C et al.Biol Reprod 73(2005)807-814)、經前症候群(Gündisch D和Eibl C Expert Opin Ther Pat 21(2011)1867-1896)、和其他未注明之性功能障礙、呼吸系統之病症如咳嗽(Canning BJ Am J Respir Crit Care Med 195(2017)A4498)、哮喘(Santana FPR et al.Eur Respir J 48(2016)PA5066)、慢性阻塞性肺臟疾病(Maouche K et al.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(2013)4099-4104)、肺部炎症(Enioutina EY et al.PLoS One 10(2015)e0121128)、心血管系統之病症諸如心臟衰竭(Mai XK et al.J Immunol 200(2018)108.11)、心律不整(Mazloom R et al.PLoS One 8(2013)e82251)、和高血壓(Chen JK et al.BMC Cardiovasc Disord 12(2012)38)。
本發明之化合物也可用於治療炎症、炎性和神經性疼痛(Alsharari SD et al.Biochem Pharmacol 86(2013)1201-1207)、類風濕性關節炎(van Maanen MA et al.Arthritis & Rheumatism 60(2009)1272-1281)、骨關節炎(Lee SE Neurosci Lett 548(2013)291-295)、過敏(Yamamoto T et
al.PLoS One 9(2014)e85888)、類肉瘤病(Nicotine Treatment for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis:A Clinical Trial Pilot Study Elliott Crouser MD,Principal Investigator,Ohio State University ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02265874)、牛皮癬(Westman M et al.Scand J Immunol 70(2009)136-140)、失調症(Taslim N et al.Behav Brain Res 217(2011)282-292)、肌肉緊張不足(Zimmerman CN et al.Front Syst Neurosci 11(2017)43)、全身性紅斑狼瘡(Fairley AS和Mathis KW Physiol Rep 5(2017)e13213)、躁狂症(Janowsky DS et al.Lancet 2(1972)632-635)、不寧腿症候群(Buchfuhrer MJ Neurotherapeutics 9(2012)776-790)、進行性核上性麻痺(Warren NM et al.Brain 128(2005)239-245)、癲癇(Bertrand D Epilepsy Curr 2(2002)191-193)、肌陣攣(Leppik IE Epilepsia 44(2003)2-6)、偏頭痛(Liu Q et al.J Pain Res 11(2018)1129-1140)、健忘症(Bali Zs K et al.Front Cell Neurosci 11(2017)271)、慢性疲勞症候群(Shan ZY et al.J Magn Reson Imaging 44(2016)1301-1311)、猝倒症(Ebben MR和Krieger AC J Clin Sleep Med 8(2012)195-196)、腦缺血(Han Z et al.J Neurochem 131(2014)498-508)、多發性硬化症(Di Bari M et al.Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 17(2017)109-115)、腦脊髓炎(Hao J et al.Exp Neurol 227(2011):110-119)、時差(Shi M et al.eLife 3(2014)e01473)、大腦類澱粉血管病變(Clifford
PM et al.Brain Res 1234(2008)158-171)、敗血症(Ren C et al.Int J Biol Sci 14(2018)748-759),且通常,可用於治療與α7 nAChR之正向異位調節相關的所有類型之疾病和病症。
此外,此等化合物也可與包括但不限於下列之其他治療劑組合:乙醯膽鹼酯酶抑制劑(諸如加蘭他敏(galantamine)、利斯的明(rivastigmine)、多奈派齊(donepezil)、他克林(tacrine)、吩色蘭(phenserine)、拉多替吉(ladostigil)和ABT-089);NMDA受體促效劑或拮抗劑(諸如美金剛胺(memantine)、奈拉美生(neramexane)、EVT101和AZD4282);抗類澱粉蛋白抗體,包括抗類澱粉蛋白人源化單株抗體(諸如巴匹珠單抗(bapineuzumab)、ACCOOl、CAD 106、AZD3102、H12A11V1);β-(諸如維羅斯他(verubecestat)、和AZD3293)或γ-分泌酶抑制劑(諸如LY450139和TAK 070)或調節劑;tau磷酸化抑制劑;ApoE4構形調節劑;p25/CDK5抑制劑;NK1/NK3受體拮抗劑;COX-2抑制劑(諸如塞來昔布(celecoxib)、羅非昔布(rofecoxib)、伐地昔布(valdecoxib)、406381和644784);LRRK2抑制劑;HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑;NSAID(諸如伊布洛芬(ibuprofen));維生素E;甘胺酸運輸抑制劑;甘胺酸位置拮抗劑(諸如拉科醯胺(lacosamide));LXR β促效劑;雄性激素受體調節劑;Aβ寡聚物形成的阻斷劑;NR2B拮抗劑、抗發炎化合物(諸如(R)-氟比洛芬(flurbiprofen)、硝基氟比洛芬(nitroflurbiprofen)、ND-
1251、VP-025、HT-0712、和EHT-202);PPAR γ促效劑(諸如匹格列酮(pioglitazone)和羅格列酮(rosiglitazone));CB-1受體拮抗劑或逆促效劑(諸如AVE1625);CB-2促效劑(諸如842166和SAB378);VR-1拮抗劑(諸如AMG517、705498、782443、PAC20030、VI 14380和A425619);緩激肽Bl受體拮抗劑(諸如SSR240612和NVPSAA164);鈉通道阻斷劑和拮抗劑(諸如VX409和SPI860);NOS抑制劑(諸如SD6010和274150);抗生素;生長激素促泌素(諸如伊布莫崙(ibutamoren)、伊布莫侖甲磺酸鹽(ibutamoren mesylate)、和卡莫瑞林(capromorelin));鉀通道開放劑;AMPA促效劑或AMPA調節劑(諸如CX-717、LY 451395、LY404187和S-18986);GSK3抑制劑(諸如AZD1080、SAR502250和CEP16805);神經元菸鹼促效劑;MARK配體;M1或M4 mAChR促效劑或PAM;mGluR2拮抗劑或NAM或PAM;mGluR5拮抗劑(諸如AZD9272);α-腎上腺素能促效劑;ADAM-10配體;鎮定劑、安眠藥、抗焦慮劑、抗精神病藥、環吡咯酮、咪唑并吡啶、吡唑并嘧啶、輕鎮靜劑、褪黑激素促效劑和拮抗劑、褪黑激素劑;食慾激素拮抗劑和促效劑;前動力蛋白(prokineticin)促效劑和拮抗劑;T型鈣通道拮抗劑;三唑并吡啶苯并二氮呯、巴比妥酸鹽;5-HT1A拮抗劑(諸如列可左坦(lecozotan));5-HT2拮抗劑;5-HT4促效劑(諸如PRX-03140);5-HT6拮抗劑(諸如GSK 742467、SGS-518、FK-962、SL-65.0155、SRA-333和紮利羅登(xaliproden));組織胺H3受體拮抗劑和逆促效
劑(諸如S38093、ABT-834、ABT 829、GSK 189254和CEP16795);PDE4抑制劑(諸如HT0712);PDE9抑制劑(諸如BI40936);PDE10抑制劑;HDAC抑制劑;KCNQ拮抗劑;GABAA逆促效劑;GABA信號增強劑;GABA促效劑、GABAA受體α5次單元NAM或PAM、抗精神病藥;MAO-B抑制劑;多巴胺轉運抑制劑;降腎上腺素轉運抑制劑;D2促效劑和部分促效劑;抗膽鹼劑(諸如比哌立登(biperiden));COMT抑制劑(諸如恩他卡朋(entacapone));A2a腺苷受體拮抗劑;膽鹼能促效劑;來自精神抑制劑之啡噻、噻噸(thioxanthene)(諸如氯普噻噸(chlorprothixene)和替沃噻噸(thiothixene))、雜環二苯并氮呯(諸如氯氮平(clozapine))、丁醯苯(諸如氟派醇(haloperidol))、二苯基丁基哌啶(諸如匹莫齊特(pimozide))和吲哚酮(諸如嗎啉吲酮(molindolone))的類別之化合物;洛沙平(loxapine)、舒必利(sulpiride)和利培酮(risperidone);左旋多巴;鈣通道阻斷劑(諸如齊考諾肽(ziconotide)和NMED160);MMP抑制劑;血栓溶解劑;類鴉片止痛劑(諸如可待因、芬太尼(fentanyl)、氫嗎啡酮(hydromorphone)、左啡諾(levorphanol)、嘜啶(meperidine)、美沙酮(methadone)、嗎啡、羥考酮(oxycodone)、氧化嗎啡酮(oxymorphone)、噴他佐辛(pentazocine)、丙氧芬(propoxyphene);普拉克索(pramipexole);羅匹尼羅(ropinirole);嗜中性細胞抑制因子;SSRI或SSNRI;三環抗抑鬱藥;降腎上腺素調節劑;
鋰;丙戊酸;加巴噴丁(gabapentin);普瑞巴林(pregabaline);利紮曲坦(rizatriptan);佐米曲坦(zolmitriptan);那拉曲坦(naratriptan)、和舒馬曲坦(sumatriptan)或影響增加效力、安全性、方便性、或減少本發明化合物的不良副作用或毒性之受體或酶的其他藥物。
α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體之已知正向異位調節劑包括2-苯胺-4-芳基噻唑衍生物(WO 2007/031440 A2,JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA NV)、醯胺衍生物(WO 2009/100294 A2,ABBOT LAB.)、三取代之1,2,4-三唑(WO 2009/115547 A1,JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA NV)、吲哚衍生物(WO 2009/127678 A1,GLAXO GROUP LTD.)和WO 2009/127679 A1,GLAXO GROUP LTD.)、四唑取代之芳基醯胺衍生物(WO 2009/043780 A1,HOFFMANN LA ROCHE)、環丙基芳基醯胺衍生物(WO 2009/043784 A1,HOFFMANN LA ROCHE)、經三取代之吡唑(WO 2009/135944 A1,JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA NV)、吡咯衍生物(WO 2014/141091 A1,LUPIN LTD)、環丙基苯衍生物(WO 2017/165256 A1,MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP.)、和經取代之雙環雜芳基衍生物(WO 2018/085171 A1,MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP.)。
本發明係關於一種呈現α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體的正向異位調節之化合物的新穎類別。
其中A為飽和、不飽和或芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接碳環基、或飽和、不飽和或芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接雜環基,隨意地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子等、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基或鹵C1-6烷基取代;B為飽和、不飽和或芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接碳環基、或飽和、不飽和或芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接雜環基,隨意地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子等、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、鹵C1-6烷基、CN、C(O)C1-6烷基、或鹵C1-6烷氧基取代;R1為C1-6烷基、C1-6烯基、鹵C1-6烷基、C3-8環烷基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基、或C4-6雜環基;或其醫藥上可接受的鹽、生物活性代謝物、前驅藥、外消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物和水合物。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種用於治療或預防與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病之如上述所定義的式(I)
化合物。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種如上述所定義的式(I)化合物之用途,其係用於製造供治療或預防與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病之藥物。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種治療或預防與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病之方法,其包含將有效量的至少一種如上述所定義的式(I)化合物投予至需要該治療或預防的哺乳動物。
在另一態樣中,如上述所定義的式(I)化合物可與用於治療或預防與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病之其他化合物組合投予。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種製造式(I)化合物之方法。
其中A為飽和、不飽和或芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接碳環基、或飽和、不飽和或芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接雜
環基,隨意地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子等、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基或鹵C1-6烷基取代;B為飽和、不飽和或芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接碳環基、或飽和、不飽和或芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接雜環基,隨意地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子等、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、鹵C1-6烷基、CN、C(O)C1-6烷基、或鹵C1-6烷氧基取代;R1為C1-6烷基、C1-6烯基、鹵C1-6烷基、C3-8環烷基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基、或C4-6雜環基;或其醫藥上可接受的鹽、生物活性代謝物、前驅藥、外消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物和水合物。
術語“飽和、不飽和或芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接碳環基”單獨或與其他基團組合係指包含3至10個碳環原子之單價單環或雙環的稠合或橋接飽和單-或雙-不飽和、或芳族環系統。飽和碳環包括包含3至10個碳環原子之單價單環或雙環的稠合或橋接飽和碳環基團。實例包括環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環戊烯基、環己基、環庚基、環辛基、雙環[3.1.0]己基、雙環[2.2.1]庚基、雙環[2.2.2]辛基或金剛烷基等等。不飽和碳環包括包含4至10個碳環原子之單價單環或雙環的稠合或橋接單-或雙-不飽和碳環基團。實例包括環丁烯基、環戊烯基、環己烯基、環己二烯基、環庚烯基等等。芳族碳環包括包含6至10個碳環原子之單價單環或雙環芳族碳環基團。實例包括苯基和萘基。
術語“飽和、不飽和或芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接雜環基”單獨或與其他基團組合係指包含3至12個環原子之單價單環或雙環的稠合或橋接飽和單-或雙-不飽和、或芳族環系統,具有至少一個包含一、二、或三或四個選自氮、氧或硫(較佳氮和氧)之環雜原子的環。飽和雜環包括包含3至12個環原子之單價單環或雙環的稠合或橋接飽和雜環基團,具有至少一個包含一、二、或三或四個選自氮、氧或硫(較佳氮和氧)之環雜原子的環。實例包括氮呾基、氧呾基、吡咯啶基、吡唑啶基(pirazolidinyl)、異唑啶基(izoxasolidinyl)、四氫呋喃基、哌啶基、哌基、四氫哌喃基、嗎啉基、硫嗎啉基、十氫喹啉基、十氫異喹啉基、氮雜金剛烷基。不飽和雜環包括包含5至12個環原子之單價單環或雙環的稠合或橋接單-、或雙-不飽和雜環基團,具有至少一個包含一、二、或三或四個選自氮、氧或硫(較佳氮和氧)之環雜原子的環。實例包括吡咯啉基、吡唑啉基、苯并噁唑基、苯并噻唑基、吲哚基、異吲哚基、氮雜吲哚基、苯并二氧雜環戊烯基(benzodioxolyl)、吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶基、吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶基、1,2,3,4-四氫-異喹啉基。芳族雜環包括包含5至12個環原子的之單價單環或雙環芳族雜環基,具有至少一個包含一、二、或三或四個選自氮、氧或硫(較佳氮和氧)之環雜原子的環。實例包括吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基、硫苯基、唑基、異唑基、噻唑基、吡啶基、噠嗪基(pyridazyl)、嘧啶基、吡基、苯并咪唑基、喹啉基、異喹啉基。
術語“鹵”或“鹵素”,如本文所用,原樣或作為另一基團的一部分,係指氟基、氯基、溴基或碘基。
術語“C1-6烷基”,如本文所用,原樣或作為另一基團的一部分,係指具有一、二、三、四、五或六個碳原子的支鏈或直鏈飽和烴基,包括但不限於甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基、和三級丁基。
術語“鹵C1-6烷基”,如本文所用,係指透過如上述所定義的“C1-6烷基”基團鍵結至母分子部分之至少一種如上述所定義的鹵素。當存在幾個鹵素時,鹵素可為相同或不同且鹵素可連接至不同的碳原子,或者幾個鹵素可連接至相同的碳原子。鹵C1-6烷基基團包括但不限於二氟甲基、三氟甲基、三氟乙基和2-氯乙基。
術語“C1-6烷氧基”,如本文所用係指透過氧原子鍵結至母分子部分之如上述所定義的C1-6烷基,包括但不限於甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基和三級丁氧基。
術語“鹵C1-6烷氧基”,如本文所用係指透過如上述所定義的“C1-6烷氧基”基團鍵結至母分子部分之至少一種如上述所定義的鹵素。當存在幾個鹵素時,鹵素可為相同或不同且鹵素可連接至不同的碳原子,或者幾個鹵素可連接至相同的碳原子。鹵C1-6烷氧基包括但不限於三氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟乙氧基。
術語“C1-6烯基”,如本文所用,係指具有至少一個不飽和位置(即碳-碳sp雙鍵)的2至6個碳原子之直鏈或支鏈單價烴基,其中烯基基團包括具有“順”和“反”位向,或者
“E”和“Z”位向。實例包括但不限於乙烯基或乙烯基(-CH=CH2)、烯丙基(-CH2CH=CH2)、等等。
術語“C3-8環烷基”,如本文所用,原樣或作為另一基團的一部分,係指環丙基、環丁基或環戊基、環己基、環庚基、環辛基。
術語“C3-8環烷基C1-6烷基”,如本文所用,係指透過如上述所定義的“C1-6烷基”基團鍵結至母分子部分之如上述所定義的C3-8環烷基基團,包括但不限於環丙基甲基和環丁基甲基。
術語“C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基”,如本文所用係指透過如上述所定義的“C1-6烷基”基團鍵結至母分子部分之如上述所定義的C1-6烷氧基基團,包括但不限於-C2H5-O-CH3、-CH3-O-C2H5、-CH3-O-CH3、-C2H5-O-C2H5、-C3H7-O-CH3、-CH3-O-C3H7、-C3H7-O-C2H5、-C2H5-O-C3H7。
術語“C4-6雜環基”,如本文所用係指隨意地經取代之部分,其由形成1至2個環的4-6個原子組成,合併有1、2或3或4個選自氮、氧或硫的雜原子。雜環基部分之實例包括但不限於隨意經取代之哌啶基、哌基、高哌基、氮呯基、吡咯啶基、吡唑啶基、咪唑啉基、咪唑啶基、吡啶基、嗒基、嘧啶基、唑啶基、異唑啶基、嗎啉基、噻唑啶基、異噻唑啶基、噻二唑啶基、二氫呋喃基、四氫呋喃基、二氫哌喃基、四氫哌喃基、硫嗎啉基。
術語“醫藥上可接受的”描述可用於製備醫藥組成物的成分通常為安全無毒的且不是生物學上也不是其他方面不
合適的,並包括彼等獸醫用途以及人類醫藥用途可以接受者。
術語“水合物”表示水和溶質之間的非共價組合。
術語“溶劑合物”表示溶劑和溶質之間的非共價組合。溶劑包括但不限於乙醇、2-丙醇、乙腈和四氫呋喃。
“隨意的”或“隨意地”表示隨後描述的事件或狀況可能但不一定發生,且該說明包括事件或狀況發生的情況以及事件或狀況不發生的情況。
“隨意地經取代”表示未經取代或經一或多個如本文所述的取代基取代。在此,“一或多個”表示從一個到最高可能的取代數,即,從置換一個氫到置換所有的氫。給定原子上的一個、二個或三個取代基是較佳的。
疾病狀態的“治療(Treating或treatment)”包括:a)預防疾病狀態,即在可能暴露於或易患疾病狀態,但尚未經歷或顯示疾病狀態的症狀之對像中不會發生導致疾病狀態的臨床症狀,b)抑制疾病狀態,即阻止疾病狀態或其臨床症狀的發生,或c)緩解疾病狀態,即導致疾病狀態或其臨床症狀的暫時或永久性消退。
術語“醫藥上可接受的鹽”係指習知酸加成鹽或鹼加成鹽,其保持式(I)化合物的生物效力和性質且可與適當無毒有機或無機酸或有機或無機鹼形成。酸加成鹽之實例包括衍生自無機酸(諸如但不限於鹽酸、氫溴酸、氫碘酸、硫
酸、胺磺酸、磷酸、硝酸和過氯酸)以及衍生自各種有機酸(諸如但不限於乙酸、丙酸、苯甲酸、乙醇酸、苯基乙酸、水楊酸、丙二酸、馬來酸、油酸、雙羥萘酸、棕櫚酸、苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、甲烷磺酸、草酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、檸檬酸、蘋果酸、乳酸、麩胺酸、富馬酸)等等之鹽。鹼加成鹽之實例為衍生自銨-、鉀-、鈉-和四級銨氫氧化物,諸如氫氧化四甲基銨。
術語“前驅藥”係指根據本發明之式(I)化合物的衍生物,本身沒有治療效果但含有該等在活體內化學或代謝降解(生物轉化)後成為負責治療效果的“生物活性代謝物”之基團。與本發明之式(I)化合物相關的該等分解基團,特別是適用於前藥的基團,為該項技術已知的且也可應用於本發明之化合物(Rautio et al.,Nature Reviews-Drug Discovery 2008,7:255-270)。
在一實施態樣中,本發明關於式(I)化合物,其中A為飽和、不飽和或芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接碳環基、或含有1-3個選自氮、氧和硫之群組的雜原子之飽和、不飽和或芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接雜環基,隨意地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子等、C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、鹵C1-3烷基取代;B為飽和、不飽和或芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接碳環基、或含有1-3個選自氮、氧和硫之群組的雜原子之飽和、不飽和或芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接雜環基,隨意地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子等、C1-3烷基、C1-3烷
氧基、鹵C1-3烷基、CN、C(O)1-3烷基或鹵C1-3烷氧基取代;R1為C1-4烷基、C1-3烯基、鹵C1-3烷基、C3-5環烷基C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基C1-3烷基、或C4-6雜環基;或其醫藥上可接受的鹽、生物活性代謝物、前驅藥、外消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物和水合物。
在一實施態樣中,本發明關於式(I)化合物,其中A為飽和、不飽和或芳族4-9員單環或雙環的稠合或橋接碳環基、或含有1-3個選自氮和氧之群組的雜原子之飽和、不飽和或芳族4-9員單環或雙環的稠合或橋接雜環基,隨意地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子等、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、或鹵C1-6烷基取代;B為飽和、不飽和或芳族4-9員單環或雙環的稠合或橋接碳環基、或含有1-3個選自氮和氧之群組的雜原子之飽和、不飽和或芳族4-9員單環或雙環的稠合或橋接雜環基,隨意地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子等、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、鹵C1-6烷基、CN、C(O)C1-6烷基、或鹵C1-6烷氧基取代;R1為C1-6烷基、C1-6烯基、鹵C1-6烷基、C3-8環烷基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基、或C4-6雜環基。
或其醫藥上可接受的鹽、生物活性代謝物、前驅藥、外消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物和水合物。
在一實施態樣中,本發明關於式(I)化合物,其中A為飽和、不飽和或芳族4-9員單環或雙環的稠合或橋接碳環基、或含有1-3個選自氮和氧之群組的雜原子之飽和、不飽和或芳族4-9員單環或雙環的稠合或橋接雜環基,隨意地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子等、C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、或鹵C1-3烷基取代;B為飽和、不飽和或芳族4-9員單環或雙環的稠合或橋接碳環基、或含有1-3個選自氮和氧之群組的雜原子之飽和、不飽和或芳族4-9員單環或雙環的稠合或橋接雜環基,隨意地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子等、C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、鹵C1-3烷基、CN、C(O)C1-3烷基、或鹵C1-3烷氧基取代;R1為C1-4烷基、C1-3烯基、鹵C1-3烷基、C3-5環烷基C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基C1-3烷基、或C4-6雜環基;或其醫藥上可接受的鹽、生物活性代謝物、前驅藥、外消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物和水合物。
在一實施態樣中,本發明關於式(I)化合物,A為環戊烯基、環己基、苯基、環庚基、雙環[3.1.0]己基或吲唑基、隨意地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子等、C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、或鹵C1-3烷基取代;B為苯基、吡啶基、吡嗪基(pyrazyl)、吡基、嘧啶基、苯并二氧雜環戊烯基(benzodioxolyl)、1,2,3,4-四氫-異喹啉基、或吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶基,隨意地經一或多個鹵
素原子或鹵素原子等、C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、鹵C1-3烷基、CN、C(O)C1-3烷基、或鹵C1-3烷氧基取代;R1為CH3、C2H5、nPr、iPr、nBu、secBu、烯丙基、-CH2-CF3、-CH2-cBu、-CH2-cPr、-C2H5-O-CH3、或四氫呋喃基;或其醫藥上可接受的鹽、生物活性代謝物、前驅藥、外消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物和水合物。
在一實施態樣中,本發明關於選自下列群組之式(I)化合物:5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基-N-(3-甲基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(1,3-二甲基-1H-吲唑-5-基)-2-甲基-N-(3-甲基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2-乙基-N-(3-甲基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2-乙基-1,1-二側氧基-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-乙基-5-[4-甲氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-N-(3-甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-乙基-5-[4-甲氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-N-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-乙基-1,1-二側氧基-5-[(1r,4r)-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;
N-(6-氰基吡啶-2-基)-2-乙基-1,1-二側氧基-5-[(1r,4r)-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-(丙-2-基)-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-丙基-N-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-丙基-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-[4-甲氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1,1-二側氧基-2-丙基-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-丙基-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3-氯-4-甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-丙基-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-(環丙基甲基)-1,1-二側氧基-5-[(1r,4r)-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-(丙-2-烯-1-基)-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-N-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-丙基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-N-(3-甲基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-丙基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-[4-甲氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1,1-二側氧基-2-丙基-
N-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-N-(6-氟吡啶-2-基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-(丙-2-基)-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;N-(6-氟吡啶-2-基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-(丙-2-基)-5-[(1r,4r)-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-(環丙基甲基)-N-(6-氟吡-2-基)-1,1-二側氧基-5-[(1r,4r)-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-[(2R)-丁-2-基]-5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-乙基-5-[4-甲氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1,1-二側氧基-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;1,1-二側氧基-2-(丙-2-基)-5-[(1r,4r)-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-(環丙基甲基)-5-(4,4-二氟環己基)-1,1-二側氧基-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-(環丙基甲基)-1,1-二側氧基-5-[(1r,4r)-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]-N-[2-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-4-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;或其醫藥上可接受的鹽、生物活性代謝物、前驅藥、外消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物和水合物。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種用於治療或預防與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病之如上述所定義的式(I)化合物。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種如上述所定義的式(I)化合物之用途,其係用於製造供治療或預防與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病之藥物。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種治療或預防與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病之方法,其包含將有效量的至少一種如上述所定義的式(I)化合物投予至需要該治療或預防的哺乳動物。
在一實施態樣中,與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病係選自下列群組:精神病症(包括但不限於思覺失調症、類思覺失調症、情感思覺失調症、妄想症、短暫精神病症、一般醫學狀況誘發之精神病症、物質誘發之精神病症或其他未注明之精神病症)、認知損傷(包括但不限於由於中風引起的認知損傷)、阿茲海默症、亨汀頓氏症、匹克症、與HIV相關失智症、額顳葉失智症、路易氏體失智症、血管型失智症、腦血管疾病或其他失智症狀態及與其他退化型疾病(包括但不限於肌肉萎縮性脊髓側索硬化症)相關的失智症、其他可引起認知衰退的急性或亞急性病況(包括但不限於譫妄)、外傷性腦損傷、老年失智症、輕度認知損傷、唐氏症、憂鬱和與其他疾病相關的認知缺陷、及運動障礙(包括但不限於帕金森氏病症、精神抑制劑誘發之帕金森病、或遲發性運動障礙)、憂鬱和情感症(包括
但不限於憂鬱症和發作、躁鬱症、循環型情感症和其他未注明之躁鬱症、其他情感症、物質誘發之情感症和其他未注明之情感症);焦慮症、恐慌症和恐慌發作、強迫症、創傷後壓力症、急性壓力症、廣泛性焦慮症、一般醫學狀況誘發之焦慮症、物質誘發之焦慮症、恐懼症和其他未注明之焦慮症;與物質相關病症(包括但不限於物質使用或物質誘發之病症,包括但不限於酒精-、菸鹼-、安非他命-、苯環己哌啶-、類鴉片-、大麻-、古柯鹼-、咖啡因-、迷幻劑-、吸入劑-、鎮靜劑-、安眠藥-、抗焦慮藥-、多物質-或其他物質-相關疾病);睡眠障礙(包括但不限於嗜睡症、睡眠異常、原發型嗜睡症、與呼吸相關的睡眠障礙、晝夜節律性睡眠障礙和其他未注明之睡眠異常);異睡症、睡眠驚恐障礙、夢遊症和其他未注明之異睡症(parasomnia);與另一種精神障礙相關的睡眠障礙;一般醫學狀況誘發之睡眠障礙和物質誘發之睡眠障礙;代謝和飲食障礙(包括但不限於神經性厭食症、神經性暴食症、肥胖症、強迫性飲食障礙、暴食症和其他未注明之飲食障礙);糖尿病、潰瘍性結腸炎、克隆氏病、腸躁症候群;泛自閉症障礙(包括但不限於自閉症、亞斯伯格症、雷特氏症、兒童期崩解症和其他未注明之廣泛性發展障礙);注意力缺陷過動症、破壞性行為障礙、對立性反抗症和其他未注明之破壞性行為障礙;及抽動障礙(包括但不限於妥瑞症);人格障礙;性功能障礙(諸如性慾障礙、性興奮障礙、性高潮障礙、性疼痛障礙、其他未注明之性功能障
礙)、性倒錯、性別認同障礙、不孕症、經前症候群和其他未注明之性功能障礙、呼吸系統之病症(如咳嗽、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺臟疾病、肺部炎症)、心血管系統之病症(諸如心臟衰竭、心律不整、高血壓);炎症、炎性和神經性疼痛、類風濕性關節炎、骨關節炎、過敏、類肉瘤病、牛皮癬、失調症、肌肉緊張不足、全身性紅斑狼瘡、躁狂症、不寧腿症候群、進行性核上性麻痺、癲癇、肌陣攣、偏頭痛、健忘症、慢性疲勞症候群、猝倒症、腦缺血、多發性硬化症、腦脊髓炎、時差、大腦類澱粉血管病變和敗血症。
在一實施態樣中,與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病係選自下列群組:認知損傷、思覺失調症和自閉症。
本發明進一步關於組合治療,其中本發明化合物或包含本發明化合物之醫藥組成物或調配物係與另一種治療劑或治療劑等一起投予,用於治療前示一或多種病況。該等治療劑可選自:乙醯膽鹼酯酶抑制劑、NMDA受體促效劑或拮抗劑、抗類澱粉蛋白抗體(包括抗類澱粉蛋白人源化單株抗體)、β-或γ-分泌酶抑制劑或調節劑、tau磷酸化抑制劑、ApoE4構形調節劑、p25/CDK5抑制劑、NK1/NK3受體拮抗劑、COX-2抑制劑、LRRK2抑制劑、HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑、NSAID、維生素E、甘胺酸運輸抑制劑、甘胺酸位置拮抗劑、LXR β促效劑、雄性激素受體調節劑、Aβ寡聚物形成的阻斷劑、NR2B拮抗劑、抗發炎化合物、PPAR γ促效劑、CB-1受體拮抗劑或逆促效劑、CB-2促效
劑、VR-1拮抗劑、緩激肽Bl受體拮抗劑、鈉通道阻斷劑和拮抗劑、NOS抑制劑、抗生素、生長激素促泌素、鉀通道開放劑、AMPA促效劑或AMPA調節劑、GSK3抑制劑、神經元菸鹼促效劑、MARK配體、M1或M4 mAChR促效劑或PAM、mGluR2拮抗劑或NAM或PAM、mGluR5拮抗劑、α-腎上腺素能促效劑、ADAM-10配體、鎮定劑、安眠藥、抗焦慮劑、抗精神病藥、環吡咯酮、咪唑并吡啶、吡唑并嘧啶、輕鎮靜劑、褪黑激素促效劑和拮抗劑、褪黑激素劑、食慾激素拮抗劑和促效劑、前動力蛋白(prokineticin)促效劑和拮抗劑、T型鈣通道拮抗劑、三唑并吡啶苯并二氮呯、巴比妥酸鹽、5-HT1A拮抗劑、5-HT2拮抗劑、5-HT4促效劑、5-HT6受體拮抗劑、組織胺H3受體拮抗劑和逆促效劑、PDE4抑制劑、PDE9抑制劑、PDE10抑制劑、HDAC抑制劑、KCNQ拮抗劑、GABAA逆促效劑、GABA信號增強劑、GABA促效劑、GABAA受體α5次單元NAM或PAM、抗精神病藥、MAO-B抑制劑、多巴胺轉運抑制劑、降腎上腺素轉運抑制劑、D2促效劑和部分促效劑、抗膽鹼劑、COMT抑制劑、A2a腺苷受體拮抗劑、膽鹼能促效劑、精神抑制劑、洛沙平(loxapine)、舒必利(sulpiride)和利培酮(risperidone)、左旋多巴、鈣通道阻斷劑、MMP抑制劑、血栓溶解劑、類鴉片止痛劑、普拉克索(pramipexole)、羅匹尼羅(ropinirole)、嗜中性細胞抑制因子、SSRI或SSNRI、三環抗抑鬱藥、降腎上腺素調節劑、鋰、丙戊酸、加巴噴丁(gabapentin)、普瑞巴林(pregabaline)、利紮
曲坦(rizatriptan)、佐米曲坦(zolmitriptan)、那拉曲坦(naratriptan)、和舒馬曲坦(sumatriptan)。
在一實施態樣中,治療劑係選自下列群組:乙醯膽鹼酯酶抑制劑、NMDA受體拮抗劑、β-分泌酶抑制劑、抗精神病藥、GABAA受體α5次單元NAM或PAM、組織胺H3受體拮抗劑、5-HT6受體拮抗劑、M1或M4 mAChR促效劑或PAM、mGluR2拮抗劑或NAM或PAM、和左旋多巴。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種根據下列路徑製造式(I)化合物之方法:在整個說明書中,通式係以羅馬數字(I)、(II)、(III)、等等表示。
使式(IIa)之甲酸或式(IIb)之甲酸衍生物-其中A的意義係如上對於式(I)化合物所述-與甲基鋰反應,或使式(IIc)化合物-其中A的意義為芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接碳環基或飽和、不飽和或芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接雜環基,隨意地經C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、或鹵C1-6烷基中之一或多者取代-與三丁基(1-乙氧基乙烯基)錫反應,或使式(IId)化合物與乙醯氯反應-其中A的意義為芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接碳環基或飽和、不飽和或芳族單環或雙環的稠合或橋接雜環基,隨意地經C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、鹵C1-6烷基、或鹵素中之一或多者取代-獲得式(III)之酮衍生物
-其中A和R1的意義係如上對於式(I)所述-其與適當胺(B-NH2)偶合-其中B的意義係如上對於式(I)所述-以提供所需的式(I)醯胺或路徑B)將式(V)之酯衍生物水解,以提供式(VIII)之羧酸衍生物
-其中A和R1的意義係如上對於式(I)所述-然後與適當的胺(B-NH2)反應,導致式(I)之目標醯胺衍生物,或式(X)化合物藉由與適當胺(B-NH2)反應直接轉化為式(I)之醯胺衍生物。
式(III)之酮衍生物可購買或以以下方式合成:
i 式(IIa)之甲酸衍生物與甲基鋰之反應較佳在適當溶劑(例如,乙醚)中進行。反應較佳在-15℃下進行。必要反應時間為2-4小時。以薄層層析法追踪反應。較佳藉由添加飽和氯化銨溶液將反應混合物淬滅。藉由用適當有機溶劑(例如,乙醚)萃取將產物分離。
ii 式(IIb)Weinreb醯胺與甲基鋰之反應較佳在適當溶劑(例如,乙醚)中進行。反應較佳在-78℃下進行。必要反應時間為2-4小時。以薄層層析法追踪反應。較佳藉由添加氯化氫水溶液將反應混合物淬滅。藉由用適當有機溶劑(例如,乙醚)萃取將產物分離。
iii 式(IIc)之對應鹵化物與三丁基(1-乙氧基乙烯基)錫之反應在適當鈀觸媒(例如,肆(三苯膦)鈀(0)和鹼(較佳磷酸三鉀)存在下在適當溶劑(例如,甲苯或N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮)中。反應較佳在80-90℃下進行。必要反應時間為6-7小時。以薄層層析法追踪反應。將反應混合物用水稀釋並用
適當有機溶劑(例如,乙酸乙酯)萃取。在室溫下藉由劇烈攪拌30分鐘將有機相用1M鹽酸溶液處理。藉由添加25%氨水溶液將混合物之pH調整至7-8並用適當有機溶劑(例如,乙酸乙酯)萃取及藉由管柱層析純化。
iv在40℃下進行式(IId)之對應芳族化合物與乙醯氯在適當鹼(較佳氯化鋁)存在下、在適當溶劑(較佳二氯甲烷)中的Friedel-Crafts反應。必要反應時間為2小時。將反應溶液倒入3M HCl溶液中並用乙醚萃取。將合併的有機層用飽和NaHCO3溶液和鹽水洗滌,乾燥並蒸發至乾。
式(I)化合物的合成更詳細地描述於下文:
式(III)之乙醯基衍生物與草酸二乙酯至式(IV)之二側氧基酯酯衍生物的Claisen縮合反應較佳在強鹼(較佳乙醇鈉)存在下在適當溶劑(例如,乙醇)中進行。反應較佳在室溫下進行。必要反應時間為6-15小時。以薄層層析法追踪反應。藉由倒入稀鹽酸水溶液(pH=1-3)中將反應混合物淬滅,並藉由過濾或藉由用適當有機溶劑(例如,乙酸乙酯)萃取將產物分離。
提供式(V)之1,1-二側氧基-1,3-噻二甲酸酯衍生物的式(IV)之二側氧基酯與磺醯胺的環化在作為溶劑的以在乙醇中之鹽酸飽和的無水乙醇存在下進行。反應較佳在60-
80℃下進行。必要反應時間為2-15小時。以薄層層析法追踪反應。藉由過濾,或藉由萃取分離產物。
在65-80℃下使式(V)之噻二衍生物與適當鹵烷在適當溶劑(較佳丙酮、乙腈或N,N-二甲基甲醯胺)中在適當胺(例如,三乙胺、二異丙基乙胺)存在下反應。必要反應時間為2-24小時。將反應混合物用水稀釋並用鹽酸水溶液酸化。用適當有機溶劑(較佳乙酸乙酯)萃取分離產物,及藉由管柱層析分離產物之異構物。藉由NMR光譜法和質譜法測定產物之結構。
式(VI)之N-烷基化酯的水解係在室溫下在適當溶劑(例
如,四氫呋喃,或較佳乙醇)中用鹼(例如,1-5M NaOH或LiOH溶液)進行。必要反應時間為1-3小時。用鹽酸水溶液中和反應混合物。在真空中蒸發有機溶劑,將水性殘餘物酸化至pH=1-2,並將產物藉由過濾分離或用適當的有機溶劑(較佳乙酸乙酯)萃取。
使用適當偶合劑(諸如HATU(1-[雙(二甲胺基)亞甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸鹽)或EDC(1-乙基-3-(3-二甲胺基丙基)碳二亞胺))在適當鹼(例如,三乙胺、二異丙基乙胺)存在下、在適當溶劑(較佳N,N-二甲基甲醯胺)中將式(VII)甲酸與對應胺偶合。反應較佳在室溫下進行。必要反應時間為6-48小時。將反應混合物藉由蒸發溶劑,或倒入鹽酸水溶液並用適當有機溶劑(較佳乙酸乙酯)萃取進行後處理。藉由管柱層析分離產物。藉由NMR光譜法和質譜法測定產物之結構。
式(VII)甲酸之醯胺化可如下所示經由對應羧醯氯進行:使用催化量的N,N-二甲基甲醯胺在適當有機溶劑(較佳二氯甲烷)中以草醯氯處理式(VII)甲酸。揮發成分蒸發後,將醯氯與對應胺在適當鹼(例如,三乙胺、二異丙基乙胺或磷酸三鉀)存在下在適當溶劑(例如,二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷或四氫呋喃)中反應。在25-80℃下進行反應。必要反應時間為3-16小時。藉由蒸發溶劑,或倒入鹽
酸水溶液,並用適當有機溶劑(例如,乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷)萃取將反應混合物進行後處理。藉由管柱層析分離產物。藉由NMR光譜法和質譜法測定產物之結構。
在50-110℃下、在強鹼(較佳三乙鋁)存在下、在適當溶劑(例如,1,2-二氯乙烷或甲苯)中進行式(VI)之N-烷基化酯與對應胺的反應。必要反應時間為6-48小時。將反應混合物與鹽酸水溶液一起在25-40℃下劇烈攪拌。藉由用適當有機溶劑(例如,乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷)萃取和後續管柱層析分離產物。藉由NMR光譜法和質譜法測定產物之結構。
i)將反應混合物用鹽酸水溶液中和,並在真空中蒸發至乾,將以此方式獲得之含有氯化鈉的產物使用於下一步而無需進一步純化。
ii)將反應混合物用鹽酸水溶液中和。在真空中蒸發有機溶劑,將水性殘餘物酸化至pH=1-2並藉由過濾分離產
物。
在65-80℃下在適當溶劑(較佳乙腈或N,N-二甲基甲醯胺)中、在適當胺(例如,三乙胺、二異丙基乙胺)或氫化鈉存在下進行式(VIII)之1,1-二側氧基-1,3-噻二甲酸衍生物與適當一級鹵烷或假鹵烷(諸如溴丙烷、溴丁烷或2-溴乙基甲基醚)之N,O-二烷基化。必要反應時間為2-24小時。將反應混合物用水稀釋並用鹽酸水溶液酸化。藉由用適當有機溶劑(較佳乙酸乙酯)萃取分離產物,及藉由管柱層析分離產物之異構物。藉由NMR光譜法和質譜法測定產物之結構。
在室溫下用鹼(例如,1-2M NaOH或LiOH溶液)在適當溶劑(例如,四氫呋喃,或較佳乙醇)中進行式(X)之N-烷基化酯的水解。必要反應時間為1-3小時。將反應混合物用鹽酸水溶液中和。在真空中蒸發有機溶劑,將水性殘餘物酸化至pH=1-2,並藉由過濾或用適當有機溶劑(較佳乙酸乙酯)萃取分離產物。
如上述步驟5中所述進行提供式(I)醯胺的式(VII)之N-烷基化羧酸的醯胺化。
如上述步驟6中所述進行式(X)之N-烷基化酯與對應胺的反應。
本揭示內容在其範圍內包括化合物的所有可能同位素標記形式。
本發明之化合物可以口服、腸胃外(例如、肌內、腹膜內、靜脈內、關節內、鞘內、腹膜內、直接心室內、腦室內、髓內注射、腦池內注射或輸注、皮下注射或植入)、眼、鼻、陰道、直腸、舌下和局部之投予路徑且可單獨或與以包含適用於各投予路徑的醫藥上可接受的賦形劑之適當劑量單元調配物一起投予。
或者,吾人可以局部而非全身方式,例如經由將化合物直接注射至腎臟或心臟區域中,經常以改良釋放調配物來投予化合物。此外,吾人可以靶向藥物遞送系統,例如以組織特異性抗體塗佈之脂質體來投予藥物。脂質體被靶向組織選擇性吸收。
本發明之醫藥組成物通常在單一劑量單元中含有0.01至500mg的活性成分。然而,一些組成物中的活性成分之量可能超過上述定義的上限或下限。
化合物可以每天1至4次,較佳每天一次或二次的方案投予。
可調整此劑量含量和方案以提供最佳治療反應。然而,應該理解,任何特定患者的特定劑量含量和劑量頻率可改變,且取決於各種因素包括所用特定化合物的活性、代謝穩定性和該化合物的作用長度、年齡、體重、一般健康、性別、飲食、投予的模式和時間、排泄率、藥物組合、特定病況的嚴重性和接受治療的宿主。
作為本發明的另一態樣,提供含有式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽、生物活性代謝物、前驅藥、外消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物和水合物的藥物之醫藥製造。
本發明之醫藥組成物可調配成不同的醫藥劑型,包括但不限於固體口服劑型如錠劑(例如,頰、舌下、發泡性、咀嚼性、口腔分散性、冷凍乾燥)、膠囊、口含錠、錠劑、丸劑、口腔分散膜、顆粒、粉末;液體口服劑型,包括但不限於溶液、乳液、懸浮液、糖漿、酏劑、口服滴劑;腸胃外劑型,包括但不限於靜脈注射、肌內注射、皮下注射;其他劑型,包括但不限於滴眼液、半固體眼製劑、滴鼻液或噴霧劑、透皮劑型、栓劑、直腸膠囊、直腸溶液、乳液和懸浮液、等等。
本發明之醫藥組成物可以任何習知方式製造,例如,藉由混合、溶解、乳化、懸浮、包埋、冷凍乾燥、擠出、層壓、薄膜鑄造、製粒、研磨、包封、糖衣錠製造或壓片方法製造。
根據本發明使用的醫藥組成物因此可以任何習知方式使用一或多種生理學上可接受的賦形劑調配。如適合且如該項技術理解可使用任何眾所周知的技術和賦形劑。
用於製備劑型之適當賦形劑可選自下列類別,包括但不限於錠劑和膠囊填充劑、錠劑和膠囊黏合劑、釋放改良劑、崩散劑、助滑劑、潤滑劑、甜味劑、味道掩蓋劑、調味劑、塗佈劑、界面活性劑、抗氧化劑、緩衝劑、錯合
劑、乳化劑、凍乾助劑、微包封劑、軟膏基劑、滲透增強劑、助溶劑、溶劑、栓劑基劑、和懸浮劑。
在一實施態樣中,本發明關於特定賦形劑的使用,其能夠改良活性成分的溶解性、溶解、滲透性、吸收性及/或生體可用率,包括但不限於親水聚合物、熱熔擠出賦形劑、界面活性劑、緩衝劑、錯合劑、乳化劑、凍乾助劑、超崩散劑、微包封劑、滲透增強劑、助溶劑、共溶劑、和懸浮劑。
上述成分和製造之不同路徑僅僅是代表性的。也可使用該項技術中眾所周知的其他材料和加工技術等等。
本發明之一示例性實施態樣以舉例的方式示出於附圖中,其中相同的參考編號表示相同或相似的元件(element)且其中:圖1說明化合物實施例1之位置識別試驗的結果。描述花在Y形迷宮的新穎[N]對熟悉[O]臂之探索時間)。Scop:莨菪鹼(1mg/kg,ip.)。+p<0.05;++p<0.01;+++p<0.001。
圖2說明化合物實施例21之位置識別試驗的結果。描述花在Y形迷宮的新穎[N]對熟悉[O]臂之探索時間)。
Scop:莨菪鹼(1mg/kg,ip.)。+p<0.05;++p<0.01;+++p<0.001。
圖3說明化合物實施例29之位置識別試驗的結果。描述花在Y形迷宮的新穎[N]對熟悉[O]臂之探索時間)。
Scop:莨菪鹼(1mg/kg,ip.)。+p<0.05;++p<0.01;+++p<0.001。
圖4說明化合物實施例33之位置識別試驗的結果。描述花在Y形迷宮的新穎[N]對熟悉[O]臂之探索時間)。
Scop:莨菪鹼(1mg/kg,ip.)。+p<0.05;++p<0.01;+++p<0.001。
圖5說明化合物實施例37之位置識別試驗的結果。描述花在Y形迷宮的新穎[N]對熟悉[O]臂之探索時間)。
Scop:莨菪鹼(1mg/kg,ip.)。+p<0.05;++p<0.01;+++p<0.001。
圖6說明化合物實施例86之位置識別試驗的結果。描述花在Y形迷宮的新穎[N]對熟悉[O]臂之探索時間)。
Scop:莨菪鹼(1mg/kg,ip.)。+p<0.05;++p<0.01;+++p<0.001。
圖7說明化合物實施例89之位置識別試驗的結果。描述花在Y形迷宮的新穎[N]對熟悉[O]臂之探索時間)。
Scop:莨菪鹼(1mg/kg,ip.)。+p<0.05;++p<0.01;+++p<0.001。
本發明進一步定義於下列實施例中。應了解,實施例僅以說明的方式提供。從上述討論及實例,熟習該項技術者可確定本發明之必要特徵,且在不悖離其精神和範疇
下,可進行各種改變和修飾以使其適應各種用途及條件。因此,本發明不受以下本文所闡述之說明性實施例限制,而是由其隨附之申請專利範圍限定。
通常,式(I)化合物可根據熟習該項技術者的一般知識及/或使用接著的實施例及/或中間物部分中所述的方法製備。一般技術人士可容易地選擇溶劑、溫度、壓力和其他反應條件。起始材料為市售的及/或由熟習該項技術者容易地製備。
現將以下列非限制性實施例說明本發明。
在下列實施例中,“室溫”表示範圍從20℃至25℃之溫度。
具體實施例中所使用的縮寫具有下列意義:AlEt3 三乙鋁
conc. 濃縮
DMSO 二甲亞碸
EDC (1-乙基-3-(3-二甲胺基丙基)碳二亞胺)
ESI 電噴霧離子化
HATU (1-[雙(二甲胺基)亞甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸鹽)
LC-MS 液相層析法結合質譜法
THF 四氫呋喃
4-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2,4-二側氧基丁酸乙酯
在惰性氛圍中,將草酸二乙酯(20ml,0.15mol)加至從鈉(3.5g,0.15mol)和乙醇(300mL)新製備的乙醇鈉溶液。滴加1-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)乙酮(9,20g,0.05mol)在乙醚(150mL)中之溶液,並將混合物在室溫下攪拌2小時。
將反應混合物倒入冰水(500mL)中並在用冰冷卻期間,藉由添加6M HCl溶液酸化至pH=1-2。藉由過濾收集黃色沉澱物,用水洗滌,並在真空下於室溫乾燥。產率:13.5g(94%)黃色固體,m/z(M+H)+:281.2
根據關於中間物1所述之程序合成表1中之中間物。所有必要的起始材料係自不同供應商處購買。
4-(4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)-2,4-二側氧基丁酸乙酯
根據關於中間物1所述的方法從1-(4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)乙酮製備標題化合物。
在惰性氛圍下,將氯化鋁(9.45g,70.9mmol)加至2-甲基大茴香醚(7.92g,64.8mmol)在二氯甲烷(40mL)中之溶液。將乙醯氯滴加至所得混合物(5.1mL,71.5mmol),並將混合物在回流下加熱2小時。
將反應混合物緩慢倒入3M HCl溶液中,並用乙醚萃取。將合併的有機層用飽和NaHCO3溶液和鹽水洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥並蒸發至乾。產率:10.33g(97%)淡黃色油。
4-(3-甲氧基-4-甲基苯基)-2,4-二側氧基丁酸乙酯根據關於中間物1所述的方法從1-(3-甲氧基-4-甲基苯基)乙酮製備標題化合物。
在惰性氛圍下,在用冰冷卻期間在0-2℃下將氯化甲
鎂溶液(5mL,在四氫呋喃中之3M)滴加至3-甲氧基-4-甲基苯甲腈(2.00g,13.6mmol)在四氫呋喃(50mL)中之溶液,並將混合物在40℃下攪拌12小時。
藉由滴加6M HCl溶液(3.4mL)將反應混合物淬滅,並在40℃下攪拌另一小時。用乙酸乙酯萃取混合物,將合併的有機層用鹽水洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥,蒸發,並用管柱層析在矽膠上用梯度溶析,使用二氯甲烷和環己烷之混合物作為溶析液,將粗製殘餘物純化。產率:356mg(16%)。
4-[3-甲氧基-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-2,4-二側氧基丁酸乙酯
根據關於中間物1所述的方法從1-(3-甲氧基-4-三氟甲基苯基)乙酮製備標題化合物。
在惰性氛圍下,在用冰冷卻期間在0-2℃下將氯化甲鎂溶液(7.5mL,在四氫呋喃中之3M)滴加至3-甲氧基-4-
(三氟甲基)苯甲腈(4.11g,20.4mmol)在乙醚(100mL)中之溶液,並將混合物攪拌在室溫下另外2小時。
藉由滴加6M HCl溶液(100mL)將反應混合物淬滅,並在室溫下攪拌另一小時。用乙酸乙酯萃取混合物,將合併的有機層用鹽水洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥,蒸發,並用管柱層析在矽膠上使用乙酸乙酯和環己烷之1:9混合物作為溶析液將粗殘餘物純化。產率:600mg(13%)黃色固體。
4-(1-甲基-1H-吲唑-5-基)-2,4-二側氧基丁酸乙酯
根據關於中間物1所述的方法從1-(1-甲基-1H-吲唑-5-基)乙酮製備標題化合物。
將5-溴-1-甲基-1H-吲唑(2.91g,13.8mmol)在N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮(55mL)中之溶液用氬氣吹掃15分鐘。添加磷酸三鉀(5.85g,27.6mmol)、三丁基(1-乙氧基乙烯基)錫(4.7mL,13.9mmol)和肆(三苯膦)鈀(0)(0.80g,0.69mmol),並將混合物在氬氛圍下於80-90℃攪拌6小時。將反應混合物用水稀釋,並用乙酸乙酯萃取。將有機相在室溫下藉由劇烈攪拌30分鐘用1M鹽酸溶液處理。藉由添加
25% w/w氨水溶液將混合物的pH調節至7-8,並用乙酸乙酯萃取。將有機相用水洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥,並蒸發至乾。藉由管柱層析法在矽膠上使用乙酸乙酯和環己烷(3:1)之混合物作為溶析液將殘餘物純化。產率:1.64g(68%)。
4-(1,3-二甲基-1H-吲唑-5-基)-2,4-二側氧基丁酸乙酯
根據關於中間物1所述的方法從1-(1,3-二甲基-1H-吲唑-5-基)乙酮製備標題化合物。
根據關於中間物15所述的方法從5-溴-1,3-二甲基-1H-吲唑製備1-(1,3-二甲基-1H-吲唑-5-基)乙酮。
在惰性氣氛下於室溫將5-溴-3-甲基-1H-吲唑(4.30g,20.4mmol)分批加至氫化鈉(0.98g,24.5mmol,在礦油中的60%)在N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(70mL)中之懸浮液,並將所得懸浮液進一步攪拌15分鐘。添加碘甲烷(1.7ml,27.5mmol),並將混合物在室溫下進一步攪拌3小時。加水,並用乙酸乙酯萃取混合物。將有機相用2M Na2S2O3溶液和水洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥,並蒸發至乾。藉由管柱層析在矽
膠上使用乙酸乙酯和環己烷(2:1)之混合物作為溶析液分離區域異構產物。產率:3.16g(69%)之所需的產物5-溴-1,3-二甲基-1H-吲唑和1.26g(27%)之5-溴-2,3-二甲基-1H-吲唑。
2,4-二側氧基-4-[(1r,4r)-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]丁酸乙酯
根據關於中間物1所述的方法從1-[反-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]乙酮製備標題化合物。
在氬氛圍下,經45-60分鐘-20℃至15℃下將在乙醚中之甲基鋰溶液(1.6M,25mL,40mmol)滴加至反-4-(三氟甲基)環己烷甲酸(3.14g,16mmol)在乾燥乙醚(75mL)中之溶液,並將混合物在-15℃下進一步攪拌1小時。藉由在0℃下添加NH4Cl溶液(25mL)(pH ~8)和水(25mL)將反應混合物淬滅,並用乙醚萃取。將合併的有機層用Na2SO4乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮(在室溫下於350-400毫巴)。產率:3.075g(99%)無色油。
4-(環戊-3-烯-1-基)-2,4-二側氧基丁酸乙酯
根據關於中間物1所述的方法從1-(環戊-3-烯-1-基)乙酮製備標題化合物。
在氬氛圍下於25℃將在二氯甲烷(5mL)中之草醯氯(2.03mL,24mmol)滴加至環戊-3-烯-1-甲酸(1.346g,12mmol)和幾滴N,N-二甲基甲醯胺在乾燥二氯甲烷(30mL)中之溶液。將反應混合物攪拌30分鐘並在真空中移除揮發性成分。將所得環戊-3-烯-1-羰基氯溶解在二氯甲烷(25mL)中,並在25℃下將溶液滴加至N,O-二甲基羥胺鹽酸鹽(1.117g,12mmol)和三乙胺(3.68mL,26.41mmol)在乾燥二氯甲烷(25mL)中之混合物。將反應混合物在真空中濃縮並懸浮在乙酸乙酯(30mL)中。過濾懸浮液,並在真空中濃縮濾液。在矽膠上用環己烷和乙酸乙酯(7:3)之混合物溶析將殘餘物進行層析以產生1.043g(78%)的Weinreb醯胺。
在-65℃至-78℃下,將在乙醚中之甲基鋰溶液(1.6M,4.54mL,7.26mmol)滴加至Weinreb醯胺(1.043g,
6.1mmol)在乙醚(50mL)中之溶液,並將混合物在-78℃下進一步攪拌2小時。使反應混合物加熱至0℃,並在冰冷卻期間,藉由添加1M HCl溶液(10mL)和水(10mL)淬滅。用乙醚萃取反應混合物,將合併的有機層用Na2SO4乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮(在室溫下於350-400毫巴)。獲得呈油之標題化合物(0.663g,99%)。
將磺醯胺(9.4g,98mmol)和用氯化氫(30%,35mL)飽和之乙醇加至中間物1(4-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2,4-二側氧基丁酸乙酯,13.5g,48,2mmol)在乙醇(280mL)中之懸浮液中,並將混合物在60℃(內部)下攪拌過夜。將所得懸浮液在冰水浴中冷卻,並藉由過濾收集黃色沉澱,用冷乙醇洗滌,在真空中於40℃下乾燥。產率:15,79g(96%)黃色固體,m/z(M+H)+:341.1
根據關於中間物19所述之程序從對應中間物(1-18)合成下列表2中之中間物。
將中間物19(8.26g,24.27mmol)、三乙胺(3.7mL,26.7mmol)和碘甲烷(17mL,273mmol)在丙酮(430mL)中之混合物在56℃下攪拌4.5小時。
在減壓下移除溶劑,將5% HCl溶液(120mL)加至殘餘物,並用二氯甲烷萃取混合物。將有機相用水、5% Na2S2O3溶液和水再次洗滌。將合併的有機層用Na2SO4乾燥,過濾,在真空中濃縮並藉由管柱層析在矽膠上使用環己烷和二異丙醚之混合物作為溶析液的逐步梯度(40:1至10:1)將殘餘物純化,以產生5.60g(65%)的呈黃色結晶之產物。
根據關於中間物37所述之程序從對應中間物(參見步驟2中之中間物)合成下列表3中之中間物。
在用冰冷卻期間在惰性氛圍下將偶氮二甲酸二異丙酯(2.2mL,11mmol)滴加至中間物19(5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲酸乙酯,3.74g,11mmol)、三苯膦(2.88g,11mmol)和R-(-)-丁-2-醇(0.92mL,10mmol)在四氫呋喃(50mL)和N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(10mL)的混合物中之懸浮液。將所得溶液在回流下加熱7小時,蒸發至乾並藉由急速管柱層析在矽膠上分兩個階段將殘餘物純化。首先,使用二氯甲烷作為溶析液,及在第二階段中使用乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷的混合物之緩慢梯度。產率:460mg(12%)黃色油。
在此階段中沒有確定旋光純度,下一步驟使用該產物而不分離鏡像異構物。
根據關於中間物58所述之程序在Mitsunobu反應中從中間物19合成下列表4中之中間物。
將1M NaOH水溶液(3mL)加至中間物40(5-(4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)-2-甲基-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲酸乙酯,520mg,1.54mmol)在乙醇(35mL)中之懸浮液,並將混合物在室溫下攪拌1小時。在用冰冷卻期間藉由添加1% HCl溶液將混合物的pH調節至4-5。在減壓下移除乙醇,加水,並藉由添加10% HCl將混合物進一步酸化至pH=1-2。用乙酸乙酯萃取混合物,將合併的有機層用鹽水洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥,過濾及蒸發至乾以定量產率產生產
物。
根據關於中間物62所述之程序經由對應酯中間物的水解合成下列表5中之中間物。
在惰性氛圍下,在用冰冷卻期間將間甲苯胺(0.46mL,4.3mmol)和N,N-二異丙基乙胺(1.48mL,8.50mmol)加至中間物65(5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲酸,700mg,2.15mmol)和1-
[雙(二甲胺基)亞甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓氧化物六氟磷酸鹽(HATU,1.06g,2.79mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(20mL)中之懸浮液,並將所得溶液在室溫下攪拌2天。添加10% HCl溶液(100mL),並用乙酸乙酯萃取混合物,將合併的有機層用水洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥,並蒸發至乾。藉由急速管柱層析在矽膠上使用具有0至2.5% V/V乙酸乙酯-二氯甲烷混合物作為溶析液之梯度溶析將殘餘物純化,以及隨後從二氯甲烷和乙醚之混合物結晶。產率:460mg(52%)黃色結晶,m/z(M+H)+:416.1。
根據關於實施例1所述之程序(經由HATU偶合)合成下列表6中之實施例。
在惰性氛圍中,在室溫下將草醯氯(0.24mL,2.82mmol)在二氯甲烷(10mL)中之溶液滴加至中間物75(2-乙基-1,1-二側氧基-5-[(1r,4r)-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲酸;500mg,1.41mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(3滴)在二氯甲烷(20mL)中之溶液。在室溫下攪拌15分鐘後,將反應混合物蒸發至乾,添加二氯甲烷(20mL),及將其再蒸發至乾。在惰性惰性氛圍下將殘餘物(羰基氯)溶於四氫呋喃,冷卻至0℃,添加磷酸三鉀(375mg,1.76mmol)和2-胺基-6-(三氟甲基)吡啶(229mg,1.41mmol),並將混合物在室溫下攪拌3小時。
濾出無機鹽,濃縮濾液,並藉由管柱層析在矽膠上用環己烷、乙酸乙酯和二異丙醚(40:10:1)之三元(terner)混合物作為溶析液將殘餘物純化。產率:440mg(63%),m/z(M+H)+:499.1。
根據關於實施例53所述之程序(經由醯氯偶合)合成下列表7中之實施例。
在惰性氛圍下,將1-丙基-1H-吡唑-3-胺(99mg,0.79mmol)和4-(二甲胺基)吡啶(209mg,1.71mmol)加至中間
物65(5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲酸;210mg,0.64mmol)和N-(3-二甲胺基丙基)-N'-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(EDC,248mg,1.29mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(9mL)中之混合物,並將混合物在室溫下攪拌4天。添加另一部分之在N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(2mL)中的1-丙基-1H-吡唑-3-胺(85mg,0.68mmol),並將混合物進一步攪拌兩天。添加10% HCl溶液,並用乙酸乙酯萃取混合物。將合併的有機層用水洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥,並蒸發至乾。藉由管柱層析在矽膠上用乙酸乙酯和環己烷(1:1)之混合物作為溶析液將殘餘物純化。產率:5mg(2%)黃色結晶,m/z(M+H)+:434.1。
N-(1-丁基-1H-吡唑-4-基)-5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺(購買的圖書館化合物,Chemdiv(目錄編號:E135-0831))。
在氬氛圍下在輕微冷卻期間在20-25℃下將三乙鋁(1.9M,1.25mL)在甲苯中之溶液滴加至2-胺基-6-(三氟甲基)吡啶(389mg,2.4mmol)在1,2-二氯乙烷(3mL)中之溶液,並將溶液在室溫下攪拌另一小時。添加中間物46(2-乙基-5-[4-甲氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲酸乙酯,203mg,0.5mmol)在1,2-二氯乙烷(3mL)中之溶液,並將混合物在65℃下加熱過夜。
冷卻至室溫後,滴加1M HCl溶液(10mL),並將混合物在35-40℃下攪拌1小時。分離各相,用二氯甲烷萃取水相。將合併的有機層用水洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥,過濾,在減壓下濃縮並藉由急速管柱層析在矽膠上用二異丙醚和二氯甲烷之混合物的梯度將殘餘物純化。產率:206mg(79%),m/z(M+H)+:523.1。
根據關於中間物82所述之程序從中間物50合成實施例88。
將5M NaOH水溶液(19mL)加至中間物19(5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲酸乙酯,8.00g,23.5mmol)在乙醇(400mL)中之懸浮液,並將混合物在室溫下攪拌2.5小時。在用冰冷卻期間藉由添
加3M HCl溶液將混合物的pH調節至5-6。在真空中移除溶劑,及在乾燥爐中在40℃乾燥下,直到已經達到永久質量。將所得產物(含有大量的NaCl)使用於下一步驟而無需進一步純化(m/z(M+H)+:313.1)。
根據關於中間物87所述之程序合成下列表8中之中間物。
在惰性氛圍下將氫化鈉(1.88g,47.0mmol,在礦油中的60%)加至中間物87(5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲酸;11.8mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(80mL)中之懸浮液。添加1-溴丙烷(21.3mL,235mmol),並將混合物在80℃下攪拌過夜。使反應混合物冷卻至室溫,添加水(20mL)和10% HCl溶液(20mL),並將其用乙酸乙酯萃取。將合併的有機層用水、1M Na2S2O3溶液和鹽水洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥,過濾,並蒸發至乾。藉由管柱層析在矽膠上使用二氯甲烷和二異丙醚(60:1)之混合物作為溶析液將殘餘物純化。產率:3.14g(67%)黃色結晶。
根據關於中間物94所述之程序合成下列表9中之中間物。
根據關於中間物62所述之程序合成下列表10中之中間物,除了使用1.2-1.5莫耳當量,1-2M NaOH或LiOH溶液之外。
根據關於實施例87所述之程序(經由在AlEt3存在下之酯醯胺化)合成下列表11中之實施例。
根據關於實施例1所述之程序合成下列表12中之實施例(醘胺與HATU試劑偶合)。
根據關於實施例53所述之程序合成下列表13中之實施例(經由醯氯衍生物形成醯胺)。
下列調配物實施例說明本發明的代表性醫藥組成物。然而,本發明不限於下列醫藥組成物。
I.錠劑
II.口腔分散膜
III.口服懸浮液
IV.糖漿
V.靜脈注射
VI.栓劑
VII.滴鼻液或鼻噴霧劑
細胞:Flp-In 293細胞穩定地表現人類α7 nAchR和人類RIC-3(α7細胞,機構內部產生)。
材料:塗佈PDL(Falcon)之96孔盤、培養基、分析緩衝液、DMSO、FLIPR鈣5套件(Molecular Devices)、丙磺舒、促效劑和PAM試驗化合物。
在以上詳述的培養基中培養穩定地表現人類α7 nAchR之α7細胞,每週分離二次。關於細胞溶質Ca2+離子濃度([Ca2+]i)之螢光測量,將細胞以60000細胞/孔的密度接種在96孔微量培養盤中,並在組織培養培養器中在95%空氣/5% CO2的氛圍下於37℃保持過夜。平板接種培養基與培養基相同。用細胞洗滌器(BioTek Elx405UCVWS)吸出50μl生長培養基。接著使用8通道移液器手動添加2倍稀釋於分析緩衝液中之50μl/孔鈣5套件。培養期(20分鐘,37℃)之後,手動添加50μl/孔含媒液(DMSO,4%添加)或參考α7 PAM(4倍的最終濃度)之分析緩衝液及將細胞在37℃下培養另外10分鐘。使用FlexStation II(Molecular Devices,Sunnyvale,CA),具有集成的8通道流體添加性能之盤式讀數器螢光計,監測基線和促效劑誘發之[Ca2+]i改變。螢光測量在37℃下進行。染料於485nm激發,以1.4s間隔於525nm取樣發射。記錄基線20秒,接著進行促效劑刺激。
使用FlexStation II的移液器將50μl 4×濃縮促效劑溶液加至細胞中,並監測螢光另外40秒。所有處理的最終DMSO濃度為1%。為此,從所有試驗化合物製備一系列DMSO儲備溶液。將這些儲備溶液儲存在0℃下,並進一步稀釋於分析緩衝液中,以在測量前立即獲得所需的最終濃度。分別在飽和濃度的PAM(主要是PNU-120596,5μM)和促效劑(主要是PNU-282987,1μM)存在下進行促進劑和PAM濃度-反應研究。使用SoftMax Pro軟體(Molecular Devices)將結果表示為ΔF/F值,其中F為促效劑應用之前的靜止螢光,且ΔF為於給定時間的螢光增加(ΔF=刺激後的最大螢光強度值減去刺激前的平均螢光強度值)。在所有實驗中,將所有處理在多個孔中平行測量,並且將平均ΔF/F值用於分析。
動物:雄性NMRI小鼠(Toxicoop,Hungary)
物質:將莨菪鹼溶解於鹽水中並以1mg/kg劑量i.p.投予。試驗化合物在習得試驗(acquisition trial)(T1)之前30分鐘投予及習得試驗(acquisition trial)之後以0.1ml/10g的體積投予莨菪鹼。
程序:在透明塑膠玻璃Y形迷宮(每臂具有40cm的長度,11cm的內部寬度,30cm的高度)進行作業。在臂周圍放置許多目視提示,並且在實驗期間保持不變。試驗由二個間隔30分鐘的試驗間隔之試驗(T1和T2)組成。在每次試驗開始時將小鼠置於迷宮的起始臂中。在T1中,關閉迷宮的對稱臂中之一(在T2中其為新穎的)且允許動物探索迷宮5分鐘(習得期)。在T2中,小鼠可自由進入所有三個臂2分鐘(檢索期)(retrieval phase)。測量在T2期間花在新穎和熟悉臂探索的時間。藉由MANOVA評估各組花在迷宮的熟悉對新穎臂的探索時間之間的差異,接著Duncan事後試驗(post hoct test)。
花在迷宮的新穎對熟悉臂的探索時間之間觀察到顯著差異(+p<0.05;++p<0.01;+++p<0.001)。
Claims (12)
- 一種式(I)化合物,
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之化合物,其係選自下列群組: 5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基-N-(3-甲基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(1,3-二甲基-1H-吲唑-5-基)-2-甲基-N-(3-甲基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2-乙基-N-(3-甲基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2-乙基-1,1-二側氧基-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-乙基-5-[4-甲氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-N-(3-甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-乙基-5-[4-甲氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-N-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-乙基-1,1-二側氧基-5-[(1r,4r)-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;N-(6-氰基吡啶-2-基)-2-乙基-1,1-二側氧基-5-[(1r,4r)-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-(丙-2-基)-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-丙基-N-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-丙基-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-[4-甲氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1,1-二側氧基-2-丙基-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺; 5-(4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-丙基-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3-氯-4-甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-丙基-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-(環丙基甲基)-1,1-二側氧基-5-[(1r,4r)-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-(丙-2-烯-1-基)-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-N-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-丙基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-N-(3-甲基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基2-丙基-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-[4-甲氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1,1-二側氧基-2-丙基-N-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-N-(6-氟吡啶-2-基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-(丙-2-基)-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;N-(6-氟吡啶-2-基)-1,1-二側氧基-2-(丙-2-基)-5-[(1r,4r)-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-(環丙基甲基)-N-(6-氟吡-2-基)-1,1-二側氧基-5-[(1r,4r)-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-[(2R)-丁-2-基]-5-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-1,1-二側氧基- N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-乙基-5-[4-甲氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1,1-二側氧基-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;1,1-二側氧基-2-(丙-2-基)-5-[(1r,4r)-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-(環丙基甲基)-5-(4,4-二氟環己基)-1,1-二側氧基-N-[6-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;2-(環丙基甲基)-1,1-二側氧基-5-[(1r,4r)-4-(三氟甲基)環己基]-N-[2-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-4-基]-2H-1λ6,2,6-噻二-3-甲醯胺;或其醫藥上可接受的鹽、外消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物和水合物。
- 一種根據申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物於製造藥物之用途,該藥物係用於治療與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病。
- 根據申請專利範圍第4項之用途,其中該疾病係選自下列群組:精神病症、認知損傷、阿茲海默症、亨汀頓氏症、匹克症、與HIV相關失智症、額顳葉失智症、路易氏體失智症、血管型失智症、腦血管疾病或其他失智症狀態及與其他退化型疾病相關的失智症、其他可引起認知衰退的急性或亞急性病況、外傷性腦損傷、老年失智症、輕度 認知損傷、唐氏症、憂鬱和與其他疾病相關的認知缺陷、及運動障礙、憂鬱和情感症、焦慮症、恐慌症和恐慌發作、強迫症、創傷後壓力症、急性壓力症、廣泛性焦慮症、一般醫學狀況誘發之焦慮症、物質誘發之焦慮症、恐懼症、和其他未注明之焦慮症、與物質相關病症、睡眠障礙、代謝和飲食障礙、糖尿病、潰瘍性結腸炎、克隆氏病、腸躁症候群、泛自閉症障礙、注意力缺陷過動症、破壞性行為障礙、對立性反抗症和其他未注明之破壞性行為障礙、及抽動障礙、人格障礙、性功能障礙、性倒錯、性別認同障礙、不孕症、經前症候群和其他未注明之性功能障礙、呼吸系統之病症、心血管系統之病症、炎症、炎性和神經性疼痛、類風濕性關節炎、骨關節炎、過敏、類肉瘤病、牛皮癬、失調症、肌肉緊張不足、全身性紅斑狼瘡、躁狂症、不寧腿症候群、進行性核上性麻痺、癲癇、肌陣攣、偏頭痛、健忘症、慢性疲勞症候群、猝倒症、腦缺血、多發性硬化症、腦脊髓炎、時差、大腦類澱粉血管病變和敗血症。
- 根據申請專利範圍第5項之用途,其中該疾病係選自下列群組:認知損傷、思覺失調症、和自閉症。
- 一種醫藥組成物,其包含作為活性成分之根據申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物和至少一種醫藥上可接受的賦形劑。
- 根據申請專利範圍第7項之醫藥組成物,其中該組成物另外包含至少一種其他活性成分。
- 根據申請專利範圍第8項之醫藥組成物,其中該其他活性成分係選自下列群組:乙醯膽鹼酯酶抑制劑、NMDA受體拮抗劑、β-分泌酶抑制劑、抗精神病藥、GABAA受體α5次單元NAM或PAM、組織胺H3受體拮抗劑、5-HT6受體拮抗劑、M1或M4 mAChR促效劑或PAM、mGluR2拮抗劑或NAM或PAM、和左旋多巴。
- 一種根據申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物與至少一種其他活性成分之組合物於製造藥物之用途,該藥物係用於治療與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病,其中該疾病係選自下列群組:精神病症、認知損傷、阿茲海默症、亨汀頓氏症、匹克症、與HIV相關失智症、額顳葉失智症、路易氏體失智症、血管型失智症、腦血管疾病或其他失智症狀態及與其他退化型疾病相關的失智症、其他可引起認知衰退的急性或亞急性病況、外傷性腦損傷、老年失智症、輕度認知損傷、唐氏症、憂鬱和與其他疾病相關的認知缺陷、及運動障礙、憂鬱和情感症、焦慮症、恐慌症和恐慌發作、強迫症、創傷後壓力症、急性壓力症、廣泛性焦慮症、一般醫學狀況誘發之焦慮症、物質誘發之焦慮症、恐懼症、和其他未注明之焦慮症、與物質相關病 症、睡眠障礙、代謝和飲食障礙、糖尿病、潰瘍性結腸炎、克隆氏病、腸躁症候群、泛自閉症障礙、注意力缺陷過動症、破壞性行為障礙、對立性反抗症和其他未注明之破壞性行為障礙、及抽動障礙、人格障礙、性功能障礙、性倒錯、性別認同障礙、不孕症、經前症候群和其他未注明之性功能障礙、呼吸系統之病症、心血管系統之病症、炎症、炎性和神經性疼痛、類風濕性關節炎、骨關節炎、過敏、類肉瘤病、牛皮癬、失調症、肌肉緊張不足、全身性紅斑狼瘡、躁狂症、不寧腿症候群、進行性核上性麻痺、癲癇、肌陣攣、偏頭痛、健忘症、慢性疲勞症候群、猝倒症、腦缺血、多發性硬化症、腦脊髓炎、時差、大腦類澱粉血管病變和敗血症。
- 根據申請專利範圍第10項之用途,其中該其他活性成分係選自下列群組:乙醯膽鹼酯酶抑制劑、NMDA受體拮抗劑、β-分泌酶抑制劑、抗精神病藥、GABAA受體α5次單元NAM或PAM、組織胺H3受體拮抗劑、5-HT6受體拮抗劑、M1或M4 mAChR促效劑或PAM、mGluR2拮抗劑或NAM或PAM、和左旋多巴。
- 一種製造根據申請專利範圍第1項之式(I)化合物之方法,其特徵在於使式(IIa)或式(IIb)與甲基鋰反應,
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BR112020027016A2 (pt) | 2021-04-06 |
PH12021550007A1 (en) | 2021-09-20 |
HU231414B1 (hu) | 2023-08-28 |
CL2021000081A1 (es) | 2021-10-29 |
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