TWI737644B - 處理爐氣的方法及裝置 - Google Patents

處理爐氣的方法及裝置 Download PDF

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TWI737644B
TWI737644B TW105135707A TW105135707A TWI737644B TW I737644 B TWI737644 B TW I737644B TW 105135707 A TW105135707 A TW 105135707A TW 105135707 A TW105135707 A TW 105135707A TW I737644 B TWI737644 B TW I737644B
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奧特 伯納德 伊沃特斯
彼特 德克 克勒特
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荷蘭商達涅利康力斯公司
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Abstract

一種處理流經流道(3)具有大於1巴的壓力的爐氣流的方法及裝置。一粉劑(2)係例如包含例如石灰的鹼性劑及/或例如活性炭的吸附劑的粉末，經由位於流道內部中心的噴射器(6)在超壓之下被噴入爐氣流。粉劑可被流化。噴射粉末的壓力可藉由控制經由排氣出口(24)所排出的流化氣體的體積被調整。

Description

處理爐氣的方法及裝置
本發明係相關於一種處理從鋼或鐵生產程序所發出的爐氣的方法及裝置，該爐氣例如是高爐氣，或電弧爐(EAF)、鹼性氧氣爐(BOF)或直接還原鐵(DRI)程序所產生的氣體。
高爐器典型上具有相對高的一氧化碳含量，如，大約20-28%，容許用作各種類型的燃燒器中的燃料氣體。然而，離開高爐的高爐氣的塵含量對於燃燒器的穩定運作是太高，所以高爐氣的塵含量必須大量降低。這通常採用兩步驟方法為之。在第一步驟中，較大的塵粒在旋風分離器中被分離。在第二步驟中，較小顆粒通常利用濕法洗滌器分離。此一濕法需要消耗大量的水且產生需要進一步處理的爛泥及廢水。水洗滌處理亦導致處理的高爐器壓力及溫度的下降，這種下降減少其作為下游氣體燃燒器中的燃燒氣體的效能。
為了克服濕法氣體清潔程序的缺點，利用過濾袋過濾氣體已被提出，例如，在WO/034791中，亦教導過濾之前的頂部移除污染物。新鮮的高爐氣典型上包含多個酸性污染物，例如氯化氫、氟化氫以及硫化氫。在WO2010/034791中這些污染物係藉由噴射鹼劑入氣流中。其它典型的高爐氣污染物包含多環芳烴(PAH)，苯，甲苯和二甲苯(BTX)。這些污染 物能藉由噴射吸附劑入高爐氣流中，如作為具有中和酸性污染物的試劑的混合物。噴射此種粉末形式的化學劑所遭遇的問題係粉末應平均分配於整個通過的氣流。
US4,501,599揭示一乾式洗滌器，用於使用氧化鋁顆粒移除來自鋁生產過程排放的污染物。在此種鋁生產過程氣體中的壓力通常低於大氣壓力，所以氧化鋁被吸入通過的氣流中。
本發明的目的係提供清潔鋼生產過程放出的爐氣的系統，使能更有效移除通常在具有壓力大於1巴的高壓氣流中的污染物。
本發明的目的係利用一方法達成，該方法用於藉由超壓下噴射粉末劑入爐氣流中處理流經通道的大於1巴壓力的爐氣流，其中該粉末係經由位於通道內部中心的噴射器加入氣流。經發現通道中的中心點的噴射產生整個氣流的粉末劑的改善的分布。
若粉劑在噴射之前被流體化，粉末顆粒的分布會進一步改善。粉劑可從包含使用例如氫或高爐氣的流化氣體的流化床的腔室分配。
噴射粉劑的壓力能例如藉由控制經由排氣出口所排出的流化氣體的體積調整。
粉劑例如如經由徑向指向的出口徑向噴射入氣流。
粉劑可例如包含一個或多個吸附劑及/或一個多個鹼性化合物。鹼性化合物用來從氣流移除酸性成分。合適的鹼性化合物包含碳酸鈣、碳酸鈉(蘇打)、熟石灰或它們的混合物。吸附劑能使用來移除其它形式的高爐氣污染物，例如重金屬、多環芳烴、苯、甲苯或二甲苯。合適的吸附 劑例如包含活性炭、褐煤焦炭或細級沸石。
噴入氣流的粉劑量取決於污染物的濃度。鹼劑的化學計量比會是在1.5-4之間。活性炭的典型濃度例如是在50-250mg/Nm3之間。
使用的流化氣體例如可以是氫、回收的乾淨爐氣或任何其它的惰性氣體。使用來流化粉劑的流化氣體的量例如可以是至少150升每噸粉劑，例如在大約200-500升每噸粉劑之間。
粉劑以至少大約10毫巴，如至少大約20毫巴，如至最多500毫巴或至最多400毫巴的相對於通過的爐氣流中的壓力的淨超壓射入氣流，該通過的爐氣流通常係至少大約1.5巴，例如，至少大約2.5巴。
爐氣的溫度通常會是大約至少100℃，例如至多250℃，例如大約200℃。
爐氣流例如能例如利用過濾袋或類似的過濾器接著被過濾。
界定高爐氣流徑的通道可以是直立或非直立，例如水平。如果通道係直立且爐氣流徑係向上，可得到好的效果。
出人意料地，經發現使用本發明的方法，鐵或鋼生產過程所排放的氧氮化物係大量減少。可相信的是這係由從處理的氣體有效地移除氰化氫所導致。因而，例如如上或下所述，本發明亦相關於從鋼或鐵生產過程排放的含氫氰酸的爐氣減少由該過程所排出的氧氮化物的方法，該爐氣係藉由包含例如石灰粉的鹼性組分處理。
揭示的方法可例如使用藉由噴射粉劑處理高爐氣流的裝置進行。該裝置包含一流道以及位於流道內部中心的噴射器。噴射器具有徑向指向的出口以及一內含供應流化氣體的粉劑流化床的腔室。
可選擇性地，一排氣出口可以將腔室連接到通道外部的流化氣體排出口。排氣出口例如能調整，使能控制排出流化氣體的體積。這可控制粉劑噴入氣流時的粉劑噴速達成。
流化氣體的供應器可以例如包括至少一個透氣導管，例如，一燒結金屬或過濾網金屬的導管。為了達成相等的流化於整個流化床，導管可延伸於流化床的整個寬度及/或長度。另外地，經由支撐粉末床的透氣底板可供應流化氣體。
可選擇性地，導管可從流化室移除，以便維護、清潔或修理。
為了避免亂流並最小化爐氣流的壓降，裝置可例如包含從徑向出口延伸於流向的下游錐段。裝置亦可包含於相反於流向的方向從徑向出口延伸的上游錐段。
通道通常會是圓柱狀且噴射器與通道同軸。徑向出口可形成一圓形陣列，也相對於通道同軸。
1‧‧‧爐氣處理裝置
2‧‧‧粉劑
3‧‧‧流道
4‧‧‧道壁
6‧‧‧噴射器
8‧‧‧徑向指向出口
10‧‧‧第一中空錐段
12‧‧‧第二中空錐段
14‧‧‧流化室
16‧‧‧開口
18‧‧‧連接凸緣
20‧‧‧段部
22‧‧‧粉末入口
24‧‧‧出口
26‧‧‧透氣導管
28‧‧‧流化氣體入口
本發明的觀點將參考顯示一例示實施例的所附圖式說明於下：第1圖係處理高爐氣的裝置的縱向剖面圖。
第1圖顯示一藉由噴射例如活性炭的含乾粉劑2的吸附材料以及例如石灰的鹼性劑處理高爐氣流的裝置1。裝置1包含一界定具有流向A的高爐氣流徑的流道3。流道3具有一通常是圓柱道壁的道壁4。一噴射器6係設置成在流道3內部中心。為了顯示噴射器6，部分的壁4在第1圖中被剖 開。噴射器6具有一圈的徑向指向出口8。噴射器6的第一中空錐段10從具有徑向出口8的段延伸且指向下游。噴射器6的第二中空錐段12從具有徑向出口8的段於相反方向延伸並指向上游。錐段10、12引導高爐氣流動以最小化由噴射器6導致的亂流。另外的設置亦能被使用。
第二錐段12的中空內部形成部分的內含粉劑2的流化室14。流化室14連接於道壁4中的開口16，其中噴射器6係利用連接凸緣18閂至道壁4。在流道3的外部流化室14延伸有一連接供應新鮮粉劑的粉末入口22以及一實質於流化室14中的粉末床階之上排出流化氣體的出口24的段部20。
錐段12和道壁4之間的流化室14的區段可具有例如向上指向及向下指向的氣動橫截面。
燒結金屬的透氣導管26係於流化室14的整個寬度及長度定位於流化室14的底部，例如，從流化氣體入口28延伸至少至第二錐段12的中心線。
當流化室14係充有粉劑2時，流化氣體經由粉末床被吹入流化室14。因此，粉末床被流化。粉末通過出口8逸出並與高爐氣流A一起被取走。
粉劑2在壓力之下被噴入高爐氣流A中。壓力能藉由控制經由出口24排出的流化氣體的體積被調整。
1‧‧‧爐氣處理裝置
2‧‧‧粉劑
3‧‧‧流道
4‧‧‧道壁
6‧‧‧噴射器
8‧‧‧徑向指向出口
10‧‧‧第一中空錐段
12‧‧‧第二中空錐段
14‧‧‧流化室
16‧‧‧開口
18‧‧‧連接凸緣
20‧‧‧段部
22‧‧‧粉末入口
24‧‧‧出口
26‧‧‧透氣導管
28‧‧‧流化氣體入口

Claims (11)

  1. 一種處理爐氣流的裝置(1)，該裝置包含一流道(3)以及配置於該流道內部中心且具有徑向指向的出口(8)的噴射器(6)，該噴射器包含一內含具有流化氣體的供應器(28)的粉劑的流化床的腔室(14)，該噴射器設置來以相對於該爐氣流中的壓力至少10毫巴的超壓將該粉劑經由該等徑向出口噴入該爐氣流中，該裝置更包含一排氣出口(24)，連接該腔室(14)於該流道外側的流化氣體排出口，其中該排氣出口(24)係可調整以控制排出的流化氣體的體積，以便控制將該粉劑注入該氣流中時的噴射速度。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之裝置，其中該流化氣體供應器包含至少一個透氣導管(26)。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之裝置，其中該至少一個透氣導管(26)延伸於該流化床的整個寬度及/或長度。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第2或3項之裝置，其中該導管(26)係由燒結金屬或過濾網金屬製成。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第2或3項之裝置，其中該導管(26)係可縮回的。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之裝實，包含一從該徑向出口(8)延伸於流向的下游錐段(10)。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之裝置，包含一從該等徑向出口(8)延伸於該流向的相反方向的上游錐段(12)。
  8. 一種使用如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之裝置處理具有大於1巴的壓力的爐氣流的方法，其中該爐氣流流經該流道(3)，其中粉劑(2)係 於一超壓下噴入該爐氣流，其中該粉劑係首先流化且然後經由位於該通道內部中心的噴射器(6)加至該爐氣流，其中該粉劑(2)的噴射速度係藉由控制經由該排氣出口(24)所排出的流化氣體的體積調整。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法，其中該粉劑(2)係徑向噴入該高爐氣流。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第8至9項中任一項之方法，其中該粉劑(2)包含一個或多個吸附劑及/或一個或多個鹼性組分。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第8至9項中任一項之方法，其中該爐氣流接著被過濾。
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