CN108697975B - 用于处理炉气的工艺和装置 - Google Patents

用于处理炉气的工艺和装置 Download PDF

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CN108697975B
CN108697975B CN201680070874.1A CN201680070874A CN108697975B CN 108697975 B CN108697975 B CN 108697975B CN 201680070874 A CN201680070874 A CN 201680070874A CN 108697975 B CN108697975 B CN 108697975B
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W·B·埃瓦尔茨
P·D·克鲁特
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Abstract

一种用于处理流动经过通道(3)的具有大于1巴的压力的炉气流的工艺以及装置。粉末试剂(2)，例如包括碱性试剂(例如石灰)和/或吸附剂(例如活性炭)的粉末，在过压下通过居中地定位在所述通道内的喷射器(6)喷入所述炉气流。可以流化所述粉末试剂。可以通过控制经由排气出口(24)排出的流化气体的量调节用于喷射粉末的压力。

Description

用于处理炉气的工艺和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于处理从钢或铁生产工艺排放的炉气(例如高炉炉气或者用电弧炉(EAF)、碱性氧气炉(BOF)或直接还原铁(DRI)工艺产生的气体)的工艺以及装置。
背景技术
通常具有相对高的一氧化碳含量，例如约20-28％的高炉炉气，能够在各种类型的燃烧器中用作燃料气体。然而，离开高炉的高炉炉气含尘量对于燃烧器的稳定工作来说太高，因此必须显著降低高炉炉气的含尘量。这通常通过两步过程完成。在第一步中，较大的灰尘颗粒在气旋中分离。在第二步中，较小的颗粒通常通过湿法中的洗涤器分离。这种湿法工艺需要大量的水消耗，并产生淤泥和废水，需要进一步处理。水洗涤处理还导致经处理的高炉炉气的压力和温度的下降，这降低了其作为下游气体燃烧器中的燃料气体的效率。
为了克服湿气清洁工艺的缺陷，已经提出通过过滤袋(例如在WO2010/034791中的过滤袋，其还教导在过滤之前顶部去除污染物)来过滤气体。新的高炉炉气通常包括多种酸性污染物，例如氯化氢、氟化氢以及氢化硫。在WO2010/034791中通过将碱性试剂喷射至所述气流中来去除这些污染物。高炉炉气的其他典型污染物包括多环芳烃(PAH)、苯、甲苯以及二甲苯(BTX)。这些可以通过将吸附剂喷射至高炉炉气流中而去除，例如作为与用于中和所述酸性污染物的试剂的混合物。以粉末试剂的形式喷射这种试剂遇到的问题是粉末试剂应当在经过的气流上均匀分配。
US 4,501,599公开了一种用于使用氧化铝颗粒从铝生产工艺排放物中去除污染物的干式洗涤器。这种铝生产工艺气体中的压力通常低于大气压，因此氧化铝被吸入通过的气流中。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于清洁从钢生产工艺所排放的炉气的系统，使得通常在具有大于1巴的高压气流中更有效地去除污染物。
本发明的目的是通过用于通过在过压下将粉末试剂喷射至炉气流中处理流经通道的具有大于1巴的压力的炉气流的工艺实现的，其中通过居中地定位在所述通道内的喷射器将粉末试剂添加至所述气流。已经发现在通道中从中心点喷射会导致粉末试剂在所述气流上的改进的分布。
如果在喷射之前流化粉末试剂，则粉末颗粒的分布将进一步提高。为此其可从包括使用流化气体(例如氮气或者高炉炉气)的流化床的室分配。
可以例如通过控制经由排气出口排出的流化气体的量来调节用于喷射所述粉末试剂的压力。
例如沿径向方向(例如，经由径向朝向出口的环)将所述粉末试剂喷射至所述气流中。
所述粉末试剂可以例如包括一种或多种吸附剂和/或一种或多种碱性复合物。碱性复合物用来将酸性组分从气流去除。合适的碱性复合物包括碳酸钙、碳酸钠(苏打)、氢氧化钙或者它们的混合物。吸附剂可以用来去除高炉炉气的其他典型污染物，例如重金属、多环芳烃、苯、甲苯或者二甲苯。合适的吸附剂可以例如包括活性炭、褐煤或者细级沸石。
喷入气流中的试剂量的取决于污染物的浓度。碱性试剂的化学计量比将在1.5-4之间。活性炭的典型浓度例如在50-250mg/Nm3之间。
所使用的流化气体可以是例如氮气、回收的清洁高炉气体或任何其它合适的惰性气体。用于试剂的流化的流化气体的量可以例如为每吨试剂至少150升，例如每吨试剂约200-500升之间。
将粉末试剂以相对于通过的炉气流中的压力(其通常为至少约1.5巴，例如至少约2.5巴)以至少约10毫巴(例如至少约20毫巴，例如至多500毫巴或至多400毫巴)的净过压喷入气流中。
炉气的温度通常约为至少100℃，例如至多250℃，例如约200℃。
炉气流例如可以随后被例如通过过滤袋或类似的过滤器过滤。
限定高炉气流路径的通道可以是竖直的或非竖直的，例如水平的。如果通道竖直并且炉气流动路径向上，则会获得良好的结果。
令人惊讶地发现，使用根据本发明的工艺，铁或钢生产工艺的NOx排放显著降低。据信这是由于从处理的气体中有效去除氰化氢而引起的。因此，本公开还涉及一种通过喷射包含碱性组分(如石灰粉)的粉末试剂(例如如上文或下文所述的)来处理的、从铁或钢生产工艺排放的含HCN的炉气减小该工艺中的NOx排放的方法。
本公开的方法可以例如使用用于通过喷入粉末试剂来处理高炉炉气流的装置来执行。该装置包括流动通道和居中地布置在所述流动通道内的喷射器。喷射器设置有径向朝向的出口和用于容纳粉末试剂的流化床并具有用于流化气体的供应装置的室。
可选地，排气口可以连接所述室以将流化气体排放至通道外。排气口可以例如是可调节的，从而能够控制排出的流化气体的量。这使得可以控制粉末试剂喷射至气流中时的喷射速度。
流化气体的供应装置可以例如包括至少一个透气导管，例如烧结金属导管或过滤网金属导管。为了在流化床上实现相等的流化，导管可以在流化床的宽度和/或长度上延伸。或者，流化气体可以通过支撑粉床的透气底板供应。
可选地，导管可以从流化室去除以用于维护、清洁或修理的目的。
为了避免湍流并且使炉气流中的压降最小化，装置可以例如包括从所述径向出口沿流动方向延伸的下游锥部分。该装置还可以包括沿与流动方向相反方向从径向出口延伸的上游锥部分。
通道通常是筒形的，喷射器与通道同轴。所述径向出口可形成圆形阵列，也相对于通道同轴。
附图说明
将参考示出示例性实施例的附图来解释本发明的多个方面。
图1：在纵向横截面图中示出了用于处理高炉炉气的装置。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于通过喷射含有诸如活性炭的吸附剂材料和诸如石灰的碱性试剂的干粉末试剂2来处理高炉炉气流的装置1。装置1包括限定具有流动方向A的高炉炉气流动路径的气流通道3。所述通道3具有通道壁4，通常为柱形通道壁。喷射器6居中地布置在所述气流通道3内。为了示出喷射器6，在图1中部分壁4被破坏。喷射器6设置有径向朝向的出口8的环。喷射器6的第一空心锥部分10从具有径向出口8的部分延伸并指向下游。喷射器6的第二空心锥部分12从具有径向出口8的部分沿相反的方向延伸并指向上游。所述锥部分10、12引导高炉炉气流动以使由喷射器6引起的湍流最小化。也可以使用替代构造。
第二锥部分12的中空内部形成包含粉末试剂2的流化室14的一部分。在喷射器6通过法兰连接件18螺栓连接至通道壁的位置处，流化室14连接至所述通道壁4中的开口16。在所述通道3的外部，流化室14延伸有连接至用于供应新鲜粉末试剂的粉末试剂入口22的部分20和用于排放基本上高于流化室14中的粉末试剂床水平的流化气体的出口24。
在所述锥部分12和通道壁4之间的所述室14的部分可具有空气动力学横截面，例如指向上方以及指向下方。
烧结金属的透气导管26在流化室14的宽度和长度上定位于流化室14的底部部分中，例如从流化气体入口28延伸至至少第二锥部分12的中心线。
当流化室14被填充粉末试剂2时，通过粉末床将流化气体吹入流化室14。结果粉末床被流化。粉末试剂通过出口8逸出并且被高炉炉气流A带走。
粉末试剂2在压力下喷入高炉炉气流A。可通过控制经由出口24排出的流化气体的量来调节压力。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于处理炉气流的装置(1)，所述装置包括气流通道(3)以及居中地布置在所述气流通道内、设置有径向朝向的径向出口(8)的喷射器(6)，所述喷射器包括用于包含粉末试剂(2)的流化床的室(14)，所述室具有流化气体的供应装置，所述喷射器构造成以相对于炉气流中的压力至少10毫巴的过压将所述粉末试剂通过径向出口吹入所述炉气流中，所述装置还包括连接所述室(14)以将流化气体排放到所述气流通道外部的排气口(24)，其中所述排气口(24)可调节，以控制排出的流化气体的量，从而在粉末试剂喷射到炉气流中时控制粉末试剂的喷射速度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中流化气体的供应装置包括至少一个透气的导管(26)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置，其中所述至少一个导管(26)在所述流化床的宽度和/或长度上延伸。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的装置，其中所述导管(26)为烧结金属。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的装置，其中所述导管(26)为过滤网金属。
6.根据权利要求2或3所述的装置，其中所述导管(26)为可缩回的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置，包括从所述径向出口(8)沿流动方向延伸的下游锥部分(10)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置，包括从所述径向出口(8)沿与流动方向相反的方向延伸的上游锥部分(12)。
9.一种使用根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的装置用于处理流动通过所述气流通道(3)的具有大于1巴的压力的炉气流的工艺，其中在过压下将粉末试剂(2)喷射至所述炉气流中，其特征在于，首先将所述粉末试剂(2)流化，然后通过居中地定位在所述气流通道内的喷射器(6)将所述粉末试剂添加至所述炉气流，其中通过控制经由排气口(24)排出的流化气体的量调节所述粉末试剂(2)的喷射速度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的工艺，其中将所述粉末试剂(2)径向地喷射至高炉炉气流中。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的工艺，其中所述粉末试剂(2)包括一种或多种吸附剂。
12.根据权利要求9或10所述的工艺，其中所述粉末试剂(2)包括一种或多种碱性组分。
13.根据权利要求9或10所述的工艺，其中随后过滤所述炉气流。
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