TWI696344B - 線性度改善系統及線性度改善方法 - Google Patents
線性度改善系統及線性度改善方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一種線性度改善系統及線性度改善方法。線性度改善系統包括一訊號耦合電路、一降頻電路及一轉換電路。訊號耦合電路用以耦合部分之一輸入射頻訊號。降頻電路耦接於訊號耦合電路。降頻電路用以將輸入射頻訊號降至基頻,以輸出一調變訊號。轉換電路耦接於降頻電路。轉換電路用以調整調變訊號之相位及功率。輸入射頻訊號及調整過之調變訊號輸入至一放大器電路後,放大器電路輸出一輸出射頻訊號。
Description
本揭露是有關於一種線性度改善系統及線性度改善方法。
因應5G世代的來臨,為了要達成更高的傳輸資料量,調變訊號之頻率寬度必須由LTE的20MHz,進一步提升至100MHz以上更寬的傳輸頻寬。一般而言,功率放大器的輸出功率增加時,傳輸效率雖然有效增加,但訊號失真程度也變得嚴重。基地台的功率放大器需要極低的訊號失真程度,通常是透過功率退回(power back-off)技術來達到此目標。然而,此時的功率放大器之效率不佳。
線性度可以反應訊號失真程度,若能夠較有效改善線性度,將可獲的更大的輸出功率與效率。尤其是因應5G之寬頻世代的來臨,更需開發新的寬頻線性改善技術。
本揭露係有關於一種線性度改善系統及線性度改善方法,其利用調變訊號注入機制,使得傳輸寬頻訊號時,可以改善放大器電路之線性度。
根據本揭露之一實施例,提出一種線性度改善系統。線性度改善系統包括一訊號耦合電路(coupler)、一降頻電路(down converter)及一轉換電路(transformer)。訊號耦合電路用以耦合部分之一輸入射頻訊號。降頻電路耦接於訊號耦合電路。降頻電路用以將輸入射頻訊號降至基頻,以輸出一調變訊號。轉換電路耦接於降頻電路。轉換電路用以調整調變訊號之相位及功率。輸入射頻訊號及調整過之調變訊號輸入至一放大器電路後,放大器電路輸出一輸出射頻訊號。
根據本揭露之另一實施例,提出一種線性度改善方法。線性度改善方法包括以下步驟。耦合部分之一輸入射頻訊號,將輸入射頻訊號降至基頻,以輸出一調變訊號。調整調變訊號之相位及功率。輸入射頻訊號及調整過之調變訊號輸入至一放大器電路後,輸出一輸出射頻訊號。
為了對本揭露之上述及其他方面有更佳的瞭解,下文特舉實施例,並配合所附圖式詳細說明如下:
100:線性度改善系統
110:訊號耦合電路
120:降頻電路
130:轉換電路
131、131’:負群速度延遲器
132:基頻放大器
200:線性度改善系統
210:訊號耦合電路
211:電解質電容器
212:可調式衰減器
213:平衡-不平衡轉換器
300:線性度改善系統
340:低通濾波器電路
900:放大器電路
910:偏壓電路
920:放大器
A、B:點
C1、C2:線性度曲線
LPF:濾波曲線
RF_IN:輸入射頻訊號
RF_M:調變訊號
RF_OUT:輸出射頻訊號
S1、S2、S3、S4、S4’、S5、S5’、S6、S7:訊號
S110、S120、S130:步驟
TH:線性度規範
Vtune:可調式電壓
VB1、VB2、VE1、VE2:電壓
ω 1、ω 2、2ω1-ω 2、2ω2-ω 1、2ω2、2ω1、2(ω2-ω 1):頻率
(a)、(b)、(b’)、(c):節點
第1圖繪示線性度曲線之改善情況的示意圖。
第2圖繪示根據一實施例之線性度改善系統之示意圖。
第3圖繪示根據一實施例之線性度改善方法的流程圖。
第4A~4C圖說明訊號調變之過程。
第5圖繪示根據另一實施例之線性度改善系統之示意圖。
第6圖繪示根據一實施例之可調式衰減器的示意圖。
第7圖繪示根據一實施例之降頻電路之示意圖。
第8A圖繪示根據一實施例之負群速度延遲器之示意圖。
第8B圖繪示根據一實施例之負群速度延遲器之示意圖。
第9圖繪示放大器電路之示意圖。
第10圖繪示根據另一實施例之線性度改善系統之示意圖。
第11圖繪示根據一實施例之低通濾波器電路的示意圖。
本揭露提出各種實施例來提升功率放大器之線性度。如第1圖所示,其繪示線性度曲線之改善情況的示意圖。如線性度曲線C1所示,線性度與輸出功率呈現負相關,輸出功率越高,線性度越低。因此,在線性度規範TH之下,線性度曲線C1最佳僅能達到點A之輸出功率。經過本揭露之改良,線性度曲線C2之線性度惡化的情況可以有效改善。因此,在線性度規範TH下,線性度曲線C2最佳可以達到點B之輸出功率。
請參照第2圖,其繪示根據一實施例之線性度改善系統100之示意圖。線性度改善系統100包括一訊號耦合電路(coupler)110、一降頻電路(down converter)120及一轉換
電路(transformer)130。訊號耦合電路110耦合一輸入射頻訊號RF_IN。降頻電路120耦接於訊號耦合電路110。轉換電路130耦接於降頻電路120。一放大器電路900耦接於轉換電路130及訊號耦合電路110,以輸出一輸出射頻訊號RF_OUT。以下搭配一流程圖說明各項元件之運作。
請參照第3圖,其繪示根據一實施例之線性度改善方法的流程圖。首先,在步驟S110中,訊號耦合電路110耦合部分之輸入射頻訊號RF_IN後。在此實施例中,訊號耦合電路110用以提供0度相位訊號與180度相位訊號。
接著,在步驟S120中,降頻電路120將輸入射頻訊號RF_IN降至基頻,以輸出一調變訊號RF_M。在本實施例中,所採用的訊號耦合電路110與降頻電路120可以減少寬頻調變訊號的損耗,與一般功率偵測器不同。
然後,在步驟S130中,轉換電路130調整調變訊號RF_M之相位及功率。輸入射頻訊號RF_IN及調整過之調變訊號RF_M輸入至放大器電路900後,放大器電路900輸出上述之輸出射頻訊號RF_OUT。在本實施例中,轉換電路130包括一負群速度延遲器(negative group delay,NGD)131及一基頻放大器(baseband amplifier)132。負群速度延遲器131用以調整調變訊號RF_M之相位。基頻放大器132用以調整調變訊號RF_M之功率。在本實施例中,降頻電路120、負群速度延遲器131、及基頻放大器132依序耦接,而先進行相位的調整,再進行功率的調整。
在另一實施例中,亦可以是降頻電路120、基頻放大器132、及負群速度延遲器131依序耦接,而先進行功率的調整,再進行相位的調整。
放大器電路900包括一偏壓電路(bias circuit)910及一放大器920。輸入射頻訊號RF_IN及調變訊號RF_M輸入至放大器電路900後,輸出射頻訊號RF_OUT之線性度能夠較有效提升。
請參照第4A~4C圖,其說明訊號調變之過程。第2圖之節點(a)輸入第4A圖之混合雙頻之訊號S1、S2時,利用訊號耦合電路110將訊號S1、S2少量耦合至降頻電路120,再經由降頻電路120降至基頻。此時在第2圖之節點(b)可產生如於第4B圖之結果(即訊號S1、S2、S3)。接著,透過負群速度延遲器131及基頻放大器132將訊號S1、S2、S3由第2圖之節點(b’)注入至放大器電路900之偏壓電路910之中。透過負群速度延遲器131與基頻放大器132的設計,可以調整適合的相位與功率。放大器電路900具有非線性的特性,於輸出端與頻率ω1之訊號S1、頻率ω2之訊號S2交互調變而在第2圖之節點(c)產生頻率2ω1-ω2之訊號S4’與頻率2ω2-ω1之訊號S5’,以抑制頻率2ω1-ω2之訊號S4與頻率2ω2-ω1之訊號S5。如此一來,訊號S1、S2不會受到訊號S4、S5之干擾,而可較有效提升了線性度。
因此,透過上述實施例之線性度改善系統100及線性度改善方法,在傳輸寬頻訊號時可以改善功率放大器電路900之線性度。
上述實施例使用類比電路架構,相較於數位的失真現象,上述實施例能夠減少直流功率消耗,且實現成本較低。
此外,上述實施例於傳輸混合雙頻訊號時,可有效改善其三階諧波失真。尤其是於傳輸寬頻訊號(例如是40,100MHz LTE)時,可以有效抑制其鄰近通道洩漏功率(ACLR)。
請參照第5圖,其繪示根據另一實施例之線性度改善系統200之示意圖。在此實施例中,線性度改善系統200之訊號耦合電路210包括一電解質電容器211、一可調式衰減器(tunable attenuator)212及一平衡-不平衡轉換器(balun)213。電解質電容器211接收輸入射頻訊號RF_IN。可調式衰減器212耦接於電解質電容器211。平衡-不平衡轉換器213耦接於可調式衰減器212。第5圖之實施例所描述之訊號耦合電路210僅為本揭露之其中一種實施方式,並非用以侷限本揭露之範圍。
更詳細來說,請參照第6圖,其繪示根據一實施例之可調式衰減器212的示意圖。可調式衰減器212例如是由數個電阻、二極體、電容所組成,透過可調式電壓Vtune的調整,可以實現可調整訊號大小之功能。然而,第6圖之可調式衰減器212僅為本揭露之其中一種實施方式,並非用以侷限本揭露之範圍。
平衡-不平衡轉換器213又稱為單端轉差動平衡電路,例如是由兩組九十度耦合器所組成。
請參照第7圖,其繪示根據一實施例之降頻電路120之示意圖。降頻電路120例如是由數個電晶體、電阻所組成。降頻電路120又可稱為降頻轉換器、向下變換器(down convertor)。降頻電路120透過電壓VE1、VE2、VB1、VB2的輸入,實現將訊號降至基頻之功能。然而,第7圖之降頻電路120僅為本揭露之其中一種實施方式,並非用以侷限本揭露之範圍。
請參照第8A圖,其繪示根據一實施例之負群速度延遲器131之示意圖。負群速度延遲器131例如是由數個電阻、電感、電容所組成。負群速度延遲器131例如為一濾波器之形式,目的在於產生與鄰近通道功率訊號相位相反之訊號。透過適當的電路設計,負群速度延遲器131可以在某一特定頻率範圍內,使相位與頻率之關係呈現正相關。然而,第8A圖之負群速度延遲器131僅為本揭露之其中一種實施方式,並非用以侷限本揭露之範圍。
請參照第8B圖,其繪示根據一實施例之負群速度延遲器131’之示意圖。負群速度延遲器131’例如是由數個電阻、電感所組成。透過適當的電路設計,可以在某一特定頻率範圍內,使相位與頻率之關係呈現正相關。然而,第8B圖之負群速度延遲器131’僅為本揭露之其中一種實施方式,並非用以侷限本揭露之範圍。
基頻放大器132之目的則為產生與鄰近通道功率訊號大小相等之訊號。
請參照第9圖,其繪示放大器電路900之示意圖。放大器電路900之偏壓電路910及放大器920例如是由數個電晶體、二極體、電感、電容、電阻所組成。輸入射頻訊號RF_IN輸入至放大器電路900後,透過輸入至偏壓電路910之調變訊號RF_M的輔助,將輸入射頻訊號RF_IN放大為輸出射頻訊號RF_OUT。如此一來,輸出射頻訊號RF_OUT之線性度能夠較有效提升。
請參照第10圖,其繪示根據另一實施例之線性度改善系統300之示意圖。在本實施例中,線性度改善系統300更包括一低通濾波器電路(low pass filter)340。低通濾波器電路(low pass filter)340耦接於降頻電路120及轉換電路130之負群速度延遲器131之間。低通濾波器電路340用以濾除高頻的訊號。舉例來說,請參照第4B圖,濾波曲線LPF表示濾波範圍,經過低通濾波器電路340之後,僅保留頻率2(ω2-ω1)以下之訊號。如此一來,後續交互調變程序可以更有效率,而不會受到過多高頻訊號的干擾。
詳細來說,請參照第11圖,其繪示根據一實施例之低通濾波器電路340的示意圖。低通濾波器電路340例如是由數個電感、電容所組成。透過適當的電路設計,低通濾波器電路340可以濾除高於某一參考頻率之高頻的訊號。
透過上述各種實施例之線性度改善系統100、200、300、及訊號控制方法,提出一種調變訊號注入機制,其利用將輸入射頻訊號RF_IN耦合至線性度改善系統100、200、300中,並利用線性度改善系統100、200、300產生之調變訊號RF_M,注回放大器電路900之偏壓電路910中,藉以產生相同大小、相位相反的訊號,並與原訊號產生混波。如此一來,能夠有效抑制三階調變項或鄰近通道漏波功率,改善放大器電路900之線性度。
綜上所述,雖然本揭露已以實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本揭露。本揭露所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本揭露之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾。因此,本揭露之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
200:線性度改善系統
120:降頻電路
130:轉換電路
131:負群速度延遲器
132:基頻放大器
210:訊號耦合電路
211:電解質電容器
212:可調式衰減器
213:平衡-不平衡轉換器
900:放大器電路
910:偏壓電路
920:放大器
RF_IN:輸入射頻訊號
RF_M:調變訊號
RF_OUT:輸出射頻訊號
Claims (7)
- 一種線性度改善系統,包括:一訊號耦合電路(coupler),用以耦合部分之一輸入射頻訊號,該訊號耦合電路用以提供0度相位訊號與180度相位訊號;一降頻電路(down converter),耦接於該訊號耦合電路,該降頻電路用以將該輸入射頻訊號降至基頻,以輸出一調變訊號;以及一轉換電路(transformer),耦接於該降頻電路,該轉換電路用以調整該調變訊號之相位及功率,其中該輸入射頻訊號及調整過之該調變訊號同時輸入至一放大器電路後,該放大器電路輸出一輸出射頻訊號,其中該轉換電路設置於該降頻電路與該放大器電路之間,包括:一負群速度延遲器(negative group delay,NGD),用以調整該調變訊號之相位;以及一基頻放大器(baseband amplifier),用以調整該調變訊號之功率。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之線性度改善系統,其中該負群速度延遲器耦接於該降頻電路,該基頻放大器耦接於該負群速度延遲器。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之線性度改善系統,其中該基頻放大器耦接於該降頻電路,該負群速度延遲器耦接於該基頻放大器。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之線性度改善系統,其中該訊號耦合電路包括:一電解質電容器,接收該輸入射頻訊號;一可調式衰減器(tunable attenuator),耦接於該電解質電容器;以及一平衡-不平衡轉換器(balun),耦接於該可調式衰減器。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之線性度改善系統,更包括:一低通濾波器電路(low pass filter),耦接於該降頻電路及該轉換電路之間。
- 一種線性度改善方法,包括:耦合部分之一輸入射頻訊號;將該輸入射頻訊號降至基頻,以輸出一調變訊號;以及調整該調變訊號之相位及功率,其中該輸入射頻訊號及調整過之該調變訊號同時輸入至一放大器電路後,輸出一輸出射頻訊號, 其中在調整該調變訊號之相位及功率之步驟中,係先調整該調變訊號之功率,再調整該調變訊號之相位,或者先調整該調變訊號之相位,再調整該調變訊號之功率。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之線性度改善方法,更包括:以一低通濾波器電路(low pass filter),濾波該調變訊號。
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