TWI641880B - 在相同晶片上之電性與光學通孔連接 - Google Patents
在相同晶片上之電性與光學通孔連接 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明涉及半導體結構,尤其涉及在相同晶片上之電性與光學通孔連接及其製造方法。此結構包括光學基板通孔,係包括光學材料填充該基板通孔。該結構更包括電性基板通孔,係包括具有光學材料的襯墊層及填充該電性基板通孔的其餘部分的導電材料。
Description
本發明涉及半導體結構,尤其涉及在相同晶片上之電性與光學通孔連接。
對於多功能晶片上系統(Multifunctional systems on chip,MSoC)而言,例如,具有光學電路與電性電路於單一晶片上,整合光學與電性的矽通孔(through silicon vias,TSVs)至為關鍵。然而,光學與電性矽通孔的整合仍為一大挑戰。具體來說,目前製程需要使用到多個遮罩組及複雜的步驟,導致整體產率降低且製造成本較為昂貴。
根據本揭露之一面向提供的結構,包括:光學基板通孔,包括填充該基板通孔的光學材料;電性基板通孔,包括具有光學材料的襯墊層及填充該電性基板通孔的其餘部分的導電材料。
根據本揭露之一面向提供的結構,包括:光學基板通孔,為環形並包括光學材料;電性基板通孔, 為通孔形狀並包括該光學材料的襯墊層及填充該電性基板通孔的其餘部分的導電材料;空氣間隙,形成在矽中並對齊該光學基板通孔;以及光電偵測器,對齊該空氣間隙與該光學基板通孔。
根據本揭露之一面向提供的方法,包括:使用相同光刻製程形成環形通孔及通孔狀通孔於基板上;於相同沉積製程中,以光學材料填充該環形通孔,並以該光學材料形成襯墊層於電性基板通孔的側壁;以導電材料填充該電性基板通孔的其餘部分;移除該基板的背側以形成環形光學基板通孔,該環形光學基板通孔包括具有該光學材料的該環形通孔及電性通孔,該電性通孔係從具有該光學材料與該導電材料的該電性基板通孔而來;以及形成空氣間隙於該基板上並對齊該環形光學基板通孔。
5‧‧‧結構
10、10’‧‧‧基板
12‧‧‧遮罩
14‧‧‧額外裝置
16‧‧‧光學通孔
18‧‧‧電性通孔
20‧‧‧透明材料
20a‧‧‧襯墊層
22‧‧‧導電材料
24‧‧‧承載晶圓或承載物
26‧‧‧光學基板通孔
28、28’‧‧‧導電基板通孔
30‧‧‧光電偵測器
32‧‧‧空氣間隙
D1、d1、d2‧‧‧尺寸
本揭露的一個或多個態樣被特別指出並在說明書的結束處的聲明中被明確稱為示例。結合附圖參照下面的詳細說明可清楚本發明的上述及其它目的、特徵以及優點。
第1A圖繪示根據本揭露提供的結構及其對應製程中的俯視圖。
第1B圖繪示第1A圖的結構沿A-A線切割的剖面圖。
第2圖繪示根據本揭露於對應製程中填充有光學材料的光學通孔及具有光學材料襯墊的電性通孔。
第3圖繪示根據本揭露於對應製程中填充有導電材料的電性通孔。
第4圖繪示根據本揭露於對應製程中承載晶圓連接至第3圖所示結構。
第5圖繪示根據本揭露於對應製程中具有填充光學通孔及電性通孔的薄型化晶圓。
第6A圖繪示根據本揭露於對應製程中光學矽基板通孔與電性矽基板通孔的俯視圖。
第6B圖繪示第6A圖結構沿A-A線切割的剖面圖。
第7圖繪示根據本揭露於對應製程中最終結構的剖面圖。
本揭露涉及半導體結構,特別是涉及在相同晶片上的電性及光學通孔連接及其製造方法。具體而言,本揭露提供方法以在相同晶片上製造光學基板通孔與電性基板通孔,使設計的結構更具優異性。於實施例中,例如,環形光學基板通孔與通孔狀電性基板通孔可同步在單一晶片上形成,達成免遮罩製程的目的。環形光學基板通孔與通孔狀電性基板通孔也可形成於相同晶片的其他裝置上。
本揭露的電性與光學通孔連接可藉由數個不同工具以不同方式製作。然而,通常這些方法與工具係用於形成微米或奈米等級尺寸的結構。用於製造本揭露的 電性與光學通孔連接的技術方法係採自積體電路技術。例如,將結構建構在晶圓上,透過在晶圓頂部以光刻製程圖案化薄膜實現。特別是,電性與光學通孔連接的製作使用三個基本的建構方塊:一、於基板上沉積材料薄膜;二、透過光刻成像在薄膜上方形成圖案化遮罩;三、透過遮罩選擇性地蝕刻薄膜。
第1A圖繪示根據本揭露提供的結構及其對應製程中的俯視圖。第1B圖繪示第1A圖的結構沿A-A線切割的剖面圖。需注意的是,第1A圖的俯視圖並未包括遮罩,以清楚表達形成在基板上或基板中的不同裝置或電路。
請參照第1A圖與第1B圖,結構5包括具有複數個裝置14的基板10。於實施例中,基板10可以是半導體材料如矽,然而也可考慮其他基板,如矽鍺等。裝置14可為任何透過互補式金屬氧化物半導體(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor,CMOS)製程形成的主動或被動裝置。例如,裝置14可為邏輯裝置、類比裝置、處理器、電阻器、電容器等,或其他前段製程(Front End of Line,FEOL)或後段製程(Back End of Line,BEOL)裝置。
再參照第1A圖與第1B圖,光學通孔16與電性通孔18可形成於基板10中。於實施例中,光學通孔16較佳為環形通孔並具有d1的通孔寬度,且其環形的核心部分具有d2的寬度,例如圓周尺寸。電性通孔18具有 D1的寬度(直徑),其中,D1大於d1。於實施例中,尺寸d1可為約50奈米至約2微米,而尺寸d2可為約100奈米至約5微米,或依照需求增加尺寸,然而其他尺寸也可被考慮用於d1與d2。另一方面,尺寸D1較佳大於300奈米,另較佳地介於約1微米至約10微米之間,或可依需求增加。雖然圖示的電性通孔18具有圓形截面,然而其他形狀亦可被考慮。
於實施例中,光學通孔16與電性通孔18可透過單一遮罩12製作,例如於單一光刻製程步驟中使用遮罩12完成。例如,於實施例中,遮罩12可為氧化物材料、氮化物材料、碳化物等。於更具體的實施例中,以能量(例如為光)曝曬形成於遮罩12上的光阻以形成一或多個對應尺寸d1與D1的開口(例如為圖案)。蝕刻製程,如反應式離子蝕刻(Reactive Ion Etching,RIE),可選擇性地透過遮罩12的開口,與其下的半導體材料10執行化學反應。此蝕刻步驟會在半導體材料10中形成貫穿部分深度的開口。之後再以習知的剝除劑(stripant),如氧灰化(oxygen ashing),移除光阻。
第2圖中,執行沉積步驟以在光學通孔16中填充光學材料,其同時也在電性通孔18的側壁上形成襯墊層20a。本領域技術人員當可理解,由於電性通孔18較寬的尺寸D1,因此,沉積的光學材料不會將電性通孔18整個阻斷。相反地,於實施例中,光學材料將會形成襯墊層20a,其具有近似於光學通孔16尺寸d1的厚度,例如 約50奈米至約2微米。於實施例中,沉積製程可為採用例如是光學材料的化學氣相沉積(chemical vapor deposition,CVD)製程。舉例來說,光學材料可為透明材料,如氧化物材料,而化學氣相沉積可為氧化物流(oxide flow)。任何在遮罩12上形成的殘留材料可藉由化學機械研磨製程(chemical mechanical process,CMP)移除。
如第3圖所示,導電材料22填充電性通孔18的其餘部分。於實施例中,導電材料22可為金屬材料。於更具體的實施例中,導電材料22可為鎢、銅、鋁、鈦、鈷或其他金屬或金屬合金材料。導電材料22可由化學氣相沉積製程形成,接續以化學機械研磨製程去除掉遮罩12上任何的殘留材料。
請參照第4圖,遮罩已被移除且承載晶圓或承載物24連接至基板10上。於實施例中,可於上述的化學機械研磨製程移除遮罩,例如用於移除任何殘留導電材料的化學機械研磨製程。承載晶圓或承載物24可為矽芯(Si mandrel),係透過氧化物對氧化物連結連接到基板10。於其他實施例中,承載晶圓或承載物24可藉由黏著劑或有機黏膠連接到基板10,黏著劑或有機黏膠例如可為本領域技術人員所熟知的材料,無須在此多做說明。
第5圖中,基板10的背側係已被移除以曝露出導電材料22以及透明材料20、20a。藉此方式,光學基板通孔26與電性基板通孔28可完整地形成在相同晶片的基板10上,同時可以減少遮罩步驟,得以減少製程的複 雜度並降低製造成本。於實施例中,光學基板通孔26係為環形光學基板通孔,而導電基板通孔28可為任意的通孔形狀。基板10背側的移除步驟可藉由任何習知製程,例如蝕刻、研磨、拋光或其組合達成。
第6A圖繪示根據本揭露於對應製程中光學基板通孔26與電性基板通孔28的俯視圖,而第6B圖繪示第6A圖中的結構沿A-A線的剖面圖。於這些代表性的圖式中可見,光學基板通孔26包括具有基板10材料的核心。而電性基板通孔28包括具有光學材料的襯墊層,光學材料例如為介電材料以隔絕導電材料24與基板10。於實施例中,承載晶圓也可透過習知技術移除。
第7圖繪示根據本揭露對應製程中最終結構的剖面圖。更具體而言,光學基板通孔26連接至具有光電偵測器30的基板10’。於更具體的實施例中,光電偵測器30對齊光學基板通孔26,且更特別的是,空氣間隙32形成於基板10中並對齊光學基板通孔26。於實施例中,空氣間隙32可藉由如前所述的習知光刻與蝕刻製程形成。更具體而言,在連接基板10與基板10’之前,空氣間隙32可形成在基板10中對齊,例如重疊光學基板通孔26。
於實施例中,空氣間隙32具有約100奈米至約10微米的深度。此外,空氣間隙32跨過環形光學基板通孔26的核心並與填充此光學基板通孔26的光學材料重疊。本領域技術人員當可理解的是,環形光學基板通孔26的核心是由基板10的材料,例如矽所組成。
基板10與基板10’可藉由氧化物對氧化物連結結合。於實施例中,形成在基板10中的電性基板通孔28也同時對齊並電性接觸形成於基板10’中的電性基板通孔28’。於實施例中,也可在基板10’中以類似於前述說明的方式形成額外裝置14。
上述(多種)方法係用於製作積體電路晶片。產生的積體電路晶片可由製作商以空白晶圓形式(亦即,如具有多個未封裝晶片之單一晶圓)來分布,如裸晶粒、或已封裝形式。在後例中,晶片係嵌裝於單晶片封裝(例如:塑膠載體,具有黏貼至主機板或其它更高層次載體之引線)中、或嵌裝於多晶片封裝(例如:具有表面互連或埋置型互連任一者或兩者之陶瓷載體)中。在任一例中,晶片接著是與其它晶片、離散電路元件及/或其它信號處理裝置整合成(a)諸如主機板之中間產品、或(b)最終產品中任一者之部分。最終產品可以是任何包括積體電路晶片之產品,範圍囊括玩具與其它低端應用至具有顯示器、鍵盤或其它輸入裝置及中央處理器的進階電腦產品。
本揭露的說明是出於示例及說明目的,並非意圖詳盡無遺或將本揭露限於所揭露的形式。本領域的技術人員很容易瞭解許多修改及變更,而不背離本揭露的範圍及精神。實施例中的用語係經選擇以最好地解釋本揭露的一個或多個實施例的原理、實際應用或相較於現有技術的技術改良,並使本領域的技術人員能夠理解本揭露的一個或多個實施例。
Claims (19)
- 一種半導體結構,包括:光學基板通孔(through substrate vis,TSV),形成在基板中且包括填充該基板通孔的光學材料,形成在由該基板的一部分構成的核心部分周圍的該光學基板通孔為環形通孔,其中,該環形通孔具有鄰近該核心部分之該環形通孔的內壁以及與該核心部分間隔開之該環形通孔的外壁之間的通孔寬度d1,且其中,該核心部分具有圓周尺寸d2;以及電性基板通孔,形成在該基板中且包括該光學材料的襯墊層及填充該電性基板通孔的其餘部分的電性導電材料,其中,該電性基板通孔具有直徑D1,其中D1>d1。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的半導體結構,其中,該基板為矽基材,而該基板通孔為矽通孔。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的半導體結構,其中,該光學材料為氧化物材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的半導體結構,其中,該電性基板通孔為通孔形狀。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的半導體結構,其中,該光學基板通孔的寬度尺寸小於該電性基板通孔的寬度尺寸。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的半導體結構,其中,該光學基板通孔與該電性基板通孔延伸貫穿由矽組成的該基板。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的半導體結構,更包括至少一額外的裝置於該基板材料中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的半導體結構,更包括空氣間隙,形成在該基板材料中並對齊該光學基板通孔。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的半導體結構,更包括光電偵測器,對齊該空氣間隙與該光學基板通孔。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述的半導體結構,其中,該空氣間隙跨過該核心並與填充該光學基板通孔的該基板通孔的該光學材料重疊。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述的半導體結構,其中,該光電偵測器設置於另一基板中,該另一基板係連接至具有該光學基板通孔的該基板材料。
- 一種半導體結構,包括:光學基板通孔,形成於矽中且具有填充光學材料的環形形狀,該光學基板通孔圍繞由該矽組成之核心;電性基板通孔,形成於該矽中且具有通孔形狀,並包括該光學材料的襯墊層及填充該電性基板通孔的其餘部分的電性導電材料;其中,該光學材料凹入該矽中且空氣間隙形成在該矽中並對齊該光學基板通孔之該光學材料的凹面;以及光電偵測器,對齊該空氣間隙與該光學基板通孔,其中,該空氣間隙介於該光電偵測器和該光學基板通孔之該光學材料的該凹面之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述的半導體結構,其中,該光學材料為氧化物材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述的半導體結構,其中,該光學基板通孔的寬度尺寸小於該電性基板通孔的寬度尺寸。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述的半導體結構,更包括至少一額外的裝置於矽基板中,該矽基板具有該光學基板通孔與該電性基板通孔。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述的半導體結構,其中,該空氣間隙跨過該核心並與填充該光學基板通孔的該基板通孔的該光學材料重疊。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述的半導體結構,其中,該光電偵測器設置於另一基板中,該另一基板係連接至具有該光學基板通孔的矽基板。
- 如申請專利範圍第17項所述的半導體結構,其中,該另一基板包括電性基板通孔,其電性接觸具有該襯墊層與該導電材料的該電性基板通孔。
- 一種製造半導體結構之方法,該方法包括:使用相同光刻製程形成具有基板材料之核心區域的環形的第一通孔以及不同於該第一通孔的形狀的第二通孔於基板上;於相同沉積製程中,以光學材料填充圍繞由該基板材料構成的該核心區域之該第一通孔,並以該光學材料形成襯墊層於該第二通孔的側壁上;以電性導電材料填充該第二通孔的其餘部分;移除該基板的背側,以形成環形光學基板通孔及電性通孔,該環形光學基板通孔包括具有該光學材料及核心區域的該第一通孔,該電性通孔係從具有該光學材料與該電性導電材料的該第二通孔而來;透過凹入該光學材料以及該第一通孔中的該基板材料的該核心區域形成空氣間隙於該基板上並對齊該環形光學基板通孔;以及連接光電偵測器至該基板上並對齊該空氣間隙與在該第一通孔的該基板材料的該光學材料及該核心區域的凹面。
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