TWI616231B - Dispersant and dispersion composition - Google Patents
Dispersant and dispersion composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI616231B TWI616231B TW105105891A TW105105891A TWI616231B TW I616231 B TWI616231 B TW I616231B TW 105105891 A TW105105891 A TW 105105891A TW 105105891 A TW105105891 A TW 105105891A TW I616231 B TWI616231 B TW I616231B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- dispersion
- dispersant
- group
- formula
- alcohol
- Prior art date
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- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 61
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011242 organic-inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 16
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 abstract description 4
- -1 aromatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 49
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 38
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 36
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 30
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000004440 Isodecyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCO PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 9
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 8
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 8
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-methyldodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCO XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOC(C)=O VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical group CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)CC(C)(C)C1 HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UODXCYZDMHPIJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N menthanol Chemical compound CC1CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 UODXCYZDMHPIJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-1-ol Chemical group CCC(C)CO QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ROPKTSNEQXDYQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropan-1-ol oxirane Chemical compound C1CO1.CC(C)CO ROPKTSNEQXDYQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LEACJMVNYZDSKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octyldodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(CO)CCCCCCCC LEACJMVNYZDSKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl acetate Chemical compound COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N (S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CC[C@@H](C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC(N)=N1 VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMBXCGGQNSVESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexanethiol Chemical compound CCCCCCS PMBXCGGQNSVESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNWHHMBRJJOGFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO WNWHHMBRJJOGFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-hexanedione Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(C)=O OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PFNHSEQQEPMLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-pentanol Chemical group CCCC(C)CO PFNHSEQQEPMLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZVINYQDSSQUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 RZVINYQDSSQUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-dodecyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-heptanone Chemical compound CCCC(=O)CCC HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005509 ACRYPET® VH Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZIVSTNTYNJDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1CO1.CC(CO)CCCCC Chemical compound C1CO1.CC(CO)CCCCC AZIVSTNTYNJDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940022663 acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical group OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NMJJFJNHVMGPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl formate Chemical compound CCCCOC=O NMJJFJNHVMGPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本發明提供一種非水性分散媒用分散劑,其係由下述式(1)所示之化合物所構成,並且係可適用於廣範圍之分散質,且添加少量即可發揮優異的分散安定性。
但是,式(1)的R表示包含具有支鏈之烷基及/或烯基且碳數為1至24之烷基及/或烯基,式(1)的AO表示碳數為1至4之氧伸烷基,n表示環氧烷的平均加成莫耳數且在1至30的範圍,式(1)的X為由碳原子、氫原子及/或氧原子所構成之連結基。
Description
本發明係有關一種分散劑、及使用該分散劑而成之分散體組成物。
源自無機物或源自有機物之等向性材料及/或異向性材料,係在下述用途領域中做為主體材料使用:混成材料、表面保護劑、導電膏、導電性印墨、感測器、精密分析元件、光記憶體、液晶顯示元件、奈米磁石、導熱介質、燃料電池用高機能觸媒、有機太陽能電池、奈米玻璃元件、研磨劑、藥物載體、環境觸媒、塗料、印刷印墨、噴墨用印墨、濾色片用阻劑、書寫工具用印墨等。此時,前述源自無機物或源自有機物之等向性材料及/或異向性材料,係做為微小粒子而在水性分散媒(水性分散介質)或非水性分散媒(非水性分散介質)調製分散體來利用,藉此在產業上利用作為有效率地提高加工特性、製品特性及材料物性而有助於品質安定化和提高製造時之良率之物質。
另一方面,以分散質之材料變更、粒子尺寸之微小化和形狀控制做為目標,而有難以使分散質安定
分散化且分散質在分散媒中會在短時間內發生凝集之問題點。分散質凝集,不僅在製造分散體時會導致生產性降低、加工特性降低、處理性降低及良率降低,且亦會造成最終製品之製品特性、材料物性及品質降低。其他,已知在外觀上亦會產生透明性、光澤、著色力的降低、色分離及發生龜裂等不佳現象。為了抑制如此的分散質凝集來達成分散安定化,而使用分散劑。
做為已提案之低分子量的分散劑,具有羧基之有機化合物,例如:除了甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、十一烷酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕櫚酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亞麻油酸、次亞麻油酸等碳數1~20之飽和、不飽和之羧酸類以外,還有羥基羧酸、碳數6~34之脂環族、芳香族羧酸類等。烯基琥珀酸酐類有:辛烯基琥珀酸酐、十二烯基琥珀酸酐、十六烯基琥珀酸酐等。具有硫醇基之有機化合物,例如有:巰基乙醇、巰基-2-丙醇、1-巰基-2,3-丙二醇、3-巰基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、巰基琥珀酸、己硫醇、戊二硫醇、十二烷硫醇、十一烷硫醇、癸硫醇等烷硫醇。具有酚環之有機化合物,例如有:三苯基膦、三丁基膦、三辛基膦、三丁基膦等。具有胺基之有機化合物,例如有:丙胺、丁胺、己胺、庚胺、辛胺、2-乙基己胺、壬胺、癸胺、十二烷胺、十六烷胺、油胺(oleylamine)等。
此外,高分子量的分散劑,主要是開發做為顏料等之分散劑之具有羧基、胺基、羥基、酯鍵、醯胺鍵、芳
香環、雜環等骨架之高分子型分散劑,亦被轉用於本用途中,已市售有:Byk Chemie公司製之DISPERBYK系列、EFKA Additives公司製之Ciba EFKA系列、Lubrizol公司製之Solsperse系列、楠本化成公司之DISPARLON系列等。
其他,亦提案利用現有之界面活性劑做為分散劑,陰離子界面活性劑,例如有:高級脂肪酸鹽、烷基磺酸鹽、α-烯烴磺酸鹽、烷磺酸鹽、烷基苯磺酸鹽、磺基琥珀酸酯鹽、烷基硫酸酯鹽、烷基醚硫酸酯鹽、烷基磷酸酯鹽、烷基醚磷酸酯鹽、烷基醚羧酸鹽、α-磺基脂肪酸甲酯鹽、甲基牛磺酸鹽等。非離子界面活性劑,例如有:甘油脂肪酸酯、聚甘油脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、山梨醣醇酐脂肪酸酯、聚氧伸乙基山梨醣醇酐脂肪酸酯、聚氧伸乙基烷基醚、聚氧伸乙基烷基苯基醚、聚氧伸乙基脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸烷醇醯胺、烷基葡萄糖苷等。兩性界面活性劑,例如有:烷基甜菜鹼、脂肪酸醯胺丙基甜菜鹼、烷基胺氧化物等。陽離子界面活性劑,例如有:烷基三甲基銨鹽、二烷基二甲基銨鹽、烷基二甲基苯甲基銨鹽、烷基吡啶鎓鹽等。其他還有:氟系界面活性劑和纖維素衍生物、多元羧酸鹽、聚苯乙烯磺酸鹽等高分子界面活性劑。
為了使用上述現有之分散劑來抑制分散體的凝集以獲得安定的分散體組成物,而正在進行研究,但在分散媒、分散質之多樣化、分散質之粒子尺寸之微小
化、形狀之多樣化、最終製品之高品質化、生產性提高、加工特性之高度要求等觀點上,已提案之分散劑尚無法充分滿足要求特性。
例如:當分散媒(分散介質)為水時,利用:依據分散劑之疏水性相互作用之界面吸附作用、離子性基所造成之電性吸附作用、和源自芳香環之π電子相互作用,並且在粒子間,利用形成電雙層所造成之粒子間之靜電排斥作用,以及形成立體障壁所造成之分散安定化作用、及添加保護膠體劑和增稠劑,均為有效方法,可採用能達成分散安定化及凝集抑制之多種方法。
另一方面,由於在非水性分散媒中,疏水性相互作用、離子性基所造成之電性界面吸附作用、靜電排斥作用之效果極有限,故分散劑對分散粒子之界面吸附,係大幅取決於分散質粒子與分散劑之特定部位間之酸鹼相互作用。換言之,實際上,選擇分散劑係會依分散質之表面特性來個別最適化,而分散劑之用途係處在極受限之狀況下,並且實際情形係連同分散劑對分散媒之親和性亦必須一併配合所使用之分散媒來個別選擇最適之分散劑。
前述各種離子性界面活性劑,在水系中做為分散劑極為有效,但在非水系分散媒中大多難以溶解,其適用範圍亦極有限。
此外,當分散質粒子之大小為微米尺寸時,由於可藉由複數個吸附點來採用多點吸附、和以立體障
壁之高密度且較厚的保護層來設計分散系,故較佳選擇高分子量分散劑,但當分散質粒子之大小為奈米尺寸和次奈米(sub-nano)尺寸時,因分散質粒子之大小與分散劑分子之大小不同,因此藉由高分子量分散劑來設計分散系係有困難或有限。換言之,由於若使用分子之大小相對於分散質粒子之大小顯著較大的高分子量分散劑,則在分散質粒子與分散劑之間和分散劑之分子與分散劑之分子之間會發生多點吸附、互相纏繞和橋接,而會促進分散質粒子之凝集,故在分散安定化之觀點上,有本質上的問題。
再者,為了以分散安定化做為目標,通常的方法係在分散質粒子與分散劑之間利用更強的相互作用來設計分散系,但是除了分散媒之置換和極性變更、確保分散體組成物之機械和化學安定性、分散質粒子之取出、成膜化(高光澤、在低溫且短時間內之成膜性)以外,在去除分散劑時,做為要求性能,亦要求兼具易於從分散劑的界面脫離的特性,該性能係在最終製品之生產性提高、加工特性、品質安定化方面為重要因子。在此觀點上,現有之分散劑亦未充分滿足要求性能。
此外,使奈米尺寸之無機微粒子(粒徑1~100nm)或有機填料和顏料等微分散在樹脂中而成之複合材料,係稱為聚合物奈米複合材料,但奈米尺寸之粒子係由於容易凝集,且對於樹脂之親和性低,故極難以均勻分散在樹脂中。在使奈米尺寸之粒子均勻分散在樹
脂中時,利用水性分散媒會有困難或有限,有效方法通常係使用分散劑使奈米粒子均勻分散在非水性分散媒中來調製分散體,並使樹脂溶於該分散體中而混合、或將使樹脂溶於溶劑中之溶液狀態者與上述分散體混合,並使其溶解及分散。
此外,做為用以使金屬粒子、金屬氧化物、顏料、各種填料類可容易地再分散在分散媒和樹脂中之前處理,已知有以表面修飾劑和表面保護劑來被覆分散質粒子、或使表面修飾劑等含浸於分散質粒子中來加以利用之技術,但先前技術常受限於分散媒之種類和分散質之添加量,利用範圍極有限,而尚未發現可解決此問題之分散劑或表面修飾劑和表面保護劑。若發現可解決前述問題之分散劑、亦即不受分散媒之種類和分散質之添加量限制而對廣泛的材料具有泛用性之分散劑,而獲得使用該分散劑之非水性分散體、和使用該分散劑做為分散質之表面修飾劑或表面保護劑來以該分散劑被覆或含浸該分散劑而成之粉狀、粒狀或糊漿狀之物質,則此等在溶劑置換和極性變更、與樹脂、樹脂溶液混合之觀點上,工業上的利用價值極大。
例如:做為此種先前技術,專利文獻1中揭示一種金屬膠體粒子,其係由金屬奈米粒子(A)、及被覆該金屬奈米粒子(A)之保護膠體(B)所構成,並且前述保護膠體(B)係由具有羧基之有機化合物(B1)、及高分子分散劑(B2)所構成。
專利文獻1:日本國特開2009-74171號公報
專利文獻1揭示一種具有羧基之分散劑。此分散劑,當分散媒為水時則有用,但在非水性分散媒中的分散性差。
本發明係鑒於習知技術所具有之如此之問題點而研發出來,其目的在於提供一種非水性分散媒用分散劑,其係可適用於廣範圍之分散質,且添加少量即可發揮優異的分散安定性。
此外,本發明之目的在於提供一種分散體組成物,其係使用該分散劑而成。
並且,本發明之目的在於提供一種有機物粒子或無機物粒子,其係經該分散劑所被覆、或是含浸該分散劑而成。
為了達成上述目的,本發明之非水性分散媒用分散劑,係由下述式(1)所示之化合物所構成。
但是,式(1)的符號之意義係如下述。R表示包含具有支鏈之烷基及/或烯基且碳數為1至24之烷基及/或烯基。AO表示碳數為1至4之氧伸烷基,n表示環氧烷的平均加成莫耳數且在1至30的範圍。X為由碳原子、氫原子及/或氧原子所構成之連結基。此外,式(1)的X以碳數1至15之伸烷基為佳。此外,式(1)的X以下述式(2)所示之物質為佳。
但是,式(2)的符號之意義係如下述。Y為從碳數1至15之伸烷基、伸乙烯基、伸苯基及含羧基之伸苯基中選出之任一者。較佳係一種有機物粒子及/或無機物粒子,其係經上述分散劑所被覆、或是含浸上述分散劑而成。較佳係一種分散體組成物,其係使用上述分散劑來使有機物粒子或無機物粒子分散在非水性分散媒中而成。較佳係一種構件,其係藉由將塗覆組成物塗佈於基材上後,進行物理反應或化學反應而得,該塗覆組成物係包含:上述分散體組成物,該分散體組成物係使用樹脂做為非水性分散媒。較佳係一種構件,其係藉由將塗覆組成物塗佈於基材上後,進行物理反應或化學反應
而得,該塗覆組成物係包含:將上述分散體組成物與樹脂混合而成者,該分散體組成物係使用溶劑做為非水性分散媒。
本發明之非水性分散媒用分散劑係由下述式(1)所示之化合物所構成。
本發明之非水性分散媒用分散劑,係如式(1)所示,由下述部位所構成:分散媒親和性部位,其係包含環氧烷鏈;以及分散質親和性部位,其係由羧基所構成;其中,分散媒親和性部位與分散質親和性部位係以連結基X連結。但是,式(1)的符號之意義係如下述。R表示包含具有支鏈之烷基及/或烯基且碳數為1至24之烷基及/或烯基。AO表示碳數為1至4之氧伸烷基,n表示環氧烷的平均加成莫耳數且在1至30的範圍。X表示由碳原子、氫原子及/或氧原子所構成之連結基。
以下,詳細說明本發明之較佳實施形態。
1.疏水基(R)
本發明之分散劑中可使用之疏水基(R),R為源自醇類之烴基,並且R為碳數1至24且分枝型之烷基及/或烯基。當R為烷基及/或烯基時,可使用之原料醇類的碳數可為單一,或為不同碳數之醇類之混合物。此外,該原料醇類可源自合成或源自天然,此外,其化學構造可為單一組成、或為由複數種異構物所構成之混合物。
可使用之原料醇類可選擇習知物,具體例除了源自合成之丁醇、異丁醇、戊醇及/或其異構物、己醇及/或其異構物、庚醇及/或其異構物、辛醇及/或其異構物、3,5,5-三甲基-1-己醇以外,經過衍生自丙烯或丁烯或是其混合物之高級烯烴並藉由酮基(oxo)法所製造之異壬醇、異癸醇、異十一烷醇、異十二烷醇、異十三烷醇、Shell Chemicals公司製之NEODOL 23、25、45、Sasol公司製之SAFOL 23、Exxon Mobil公司製之EXXAL 7、EXXAL 8N、EXXAL 9、EXXAL 10、EXXAL 11及EXXAL 13,亦為可較佳使用之高級醇之一例。並且,源自天然之辛醇、癸醇、月桂醇(1-十二烷醇)、肉豆蔻醇(1-十四烷醇)、鯨蠟醇(1-十六醇)、硬脂醇(1-十八醇)、油醇(順-9-十八烯-1-醇)等,亦為可使用之高級醇之一例。此外,具有2-烷基-1-烷醇型之化學構造之吉布特醇(Guerbet Alcohol)類之單一組成、或其混合物等,亦為可較佳使用之高級醇之一例,
除了2-乙基-1-己醇、2-丙基-1-己醇、2-丁基-1-己醇、2-乙基-1-庚醇、2-丙基-1-庚醇、2-乙基-1-辛醇、2-己基-1-癸醇、2-庚基-1-十一烷醇、2-辛基-1-十二烷醇、2-癸基-1-十四烷醇以外,還有衍生自分枝醇之異硬脂醇等。此外,上述各種醇類亦可調配2種以上使用。但是,本發明之分散劑,如前述,當較佳選擇之疏水基(R)為源自醇類之烴基,並且為碳數3~24且分枝型之烷基及/或烯基之含量為70重量%以上時,為了達成本發明之目的,而可較佳使用。
再者,當疏水基(R)為氫或碳數為1~2之烴基時、或碳數超過25時,並且即使疏水基(R)的碳數在3~24的範圍內,當直鏈型之烷基及/或烯基的含量超過30重量%時,有時在非水性分散媒中無法使分散質安定地分散,或是可使用之分散媒的選擇範圍受限、或在分散體之調製步驟中對不同種的分散媒發生置換或混合。結果,分散體之安定性顯著降低而立刻產生沉積物、或經時安定性顯著降低而產生最終製品之附加價值降低、生產性降低、加工特性降低及品質劣化等問題。為了避免此等問題,並且使本發明之分散劑之作用特別有效,疏水基(R)以碳數8~18之分枝型的烷基較佳。
2.氧伸烷基(AO)n
本發明之分散劑中,較佳選擇之環氧烷種類,在式(1)中,AO表示碳數為1至4之氧伸烷基,具體而言,碳
數2之環氧烷為環氧乙烷。碳數3之環氧烷為環氧丙烷。碳數4之環氧烷為四氫呋喃或環氧丁烷,以1,2-環氧丁烷或2,3-環氧丁烷為佳。在本發明之分散劑中,氧伸烷基鏈(-(AO)n-),為了調整分散劑之分散媒親和性之目的,環氧烷可為單一聚合鏈,或是2種以上之環氧烷的無規聚合鏈或嵌段聚合鏈,並且亦可為其組合。式(1)之表示環氧烷的平均加成莫耳數之n在1至30的範圍,以在3至20的範圍為佳。
3.連結基(X)
連結基(X)可從由碳原子、氫原子、氧原子所構成之習知構造中選出,以由飽和烴基、不飽和烴基、醚基、羰基、酯基所構成為佳,可具有脂環構造、芳香環構造,並且亦可具有重複單元。當連結基X中包含氮原子及/或硫原子及/或磷原子等時,由於具有降低羧基對分散質之親和效果之作用,故不適合做為本發明之分散劑之構造因子。
此外,式(1)的X以碳數1至15之伸烷基為佳,以碳數1至8之伸烷基較佳。
此外,式(1)的X以下述式(2)所示之物質為佳。
但是,式(2)的符號之意義係如下述。
Y為從碳數1至15之伸烷基、伸乙烯基、伸苯基及含羧基之伸苯基中選出之任一者。
4.更佳的分散劑
在本發明中,可更佳使用下述式(3)所記載之分散劑。
但是,在式(3)中,R以碳數8至18之分枝型的烷基為佳,n表示環氧乙烷的平均加成莫耳數,以在3至20的範圍為佳。將分散劑的組成限定在此範圍內,即可提高對下述情形之適用性:擴大調製分散體時可使用之非水性分散媒之選擇範圍;將不同種分散媒混合、置換。如此,將分散劑的組成範圍予以限定,即可對分散體之經時安定性更較佳地產生作用,結果可達成最終製品之附加價值提高、生產性提高、加工特性提高及品質安定化等。
5.分散劑之製造方法
本發明之分散劑,能以習知方法來製造。可藉由下述方法來製造,例如:以藉由習知方法來使環氧烷加成在醇類、胺類、硫醇類而成之一般的非離子界面活性劑
化合物做為原料,使用單鹵化低級羧酸或其鹽,在鹼存在下使其與環氧烷末端之羥基進行反應之方法、或藉由使用酸酐來與環氧烷末端之羥基進行開環反應之方法,但不限於此等方法。
6.分散質粒子
本發明之分散劑所分散之分散質粒子,可從源自無機物之粒子及/或源自有機物之粒子中選出。
例如:源自無機物之粒子可使用:鐵、鋁、鉻、鎳、鈷、鋅、鎢、銦、錫、鈀、鋯、鈦、銅、銀、金、鉑等;及該等之合金;或該等之混合物。此時,為了將前述金屬粒子從介質中安定地取出,可經下述保護劑所被覆:烷酸類和脂肪酸類、羥基羧酸類、脂環族、芳香族羧酸類、烯基琥珀酸酐類、硫醇類、酚衍生物類、胺類、兩親媒性聚合物、高分子界面活性劑、低分子界面活性劑等。其他還有:高嶺土、黏土、滑石、雲母、膨土、白雲石、矽酸鈣、矽酸鎂、石棉、碳酸鈣、碳酸鎂、碳酸鋇、硫酸鈣、硫酸鋇、硫酸鋁、氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鐵、矽酸鋁、氧化鋯、氧化鎂、氧化鋁、氧化鈦、氧化鐵、氧化鋅、三氧化銻、氧化銦、氧化銦錫、碳化矽、氮化矽、氮化硼、鈦酸鋇、矽藻土、碳黑、石墨、岩棉、玻璃棉、玻璃纖維、碳纖維、碳奈米纖維、碳奈米管(單壁奈米管、雙壁奈米管、多壁奈米管)等。
此外,源自有機物之粒子有:偶氮系、重氮系、縮合偶氮系、硫靛系、陰丹酮(indanthrone)系、喹吖啶酮(quinacridone)系、蒽醌系、苯并咪唑酮系、苝(perylene)系、酞菁系、蒽吡啶(anthrapyridine)系、二(dioxazine)系等有機顏料;聚乙烯樹脂、聚丙烯樹脂、聚酯樹脂、耐綸樹脂、聚醯胺樹脂、芳香族聚醯胺樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂、維尼綸(vinylon)樹脂、胺酯(urethane)樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、聚苯乙烯樹脂、聚乳酸、乙酸酯纖維、纖維素、半纖維素、木質素、幾丁質、幾丁聚醣(chitosan)、澱粉、聚乙醛、芳香族聚醯胺樹脂、聚碳酸酯、聚苯醚、聚醚醚酮、聚醚酮、聚對酞酸丁二酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二酯、聚碸(polysulfone)、聚苯硫醚、聚醯亞胺等。
本發明之分散劑所分散之前述分散質粒子,可為結晶狀或非晶質狀。此外,本發明之分散劑所分散之前述分散質粒子,可為等向性粒子或異向性粒子,亦可為纖維狀。
本發明中,做為被分散質之前述分散質粒子,可使用以習知方法來獲得者。微粒之調製方法大致有下述2種方式:將粗大粒子進行機械磨碎、微細化之自上而下(top-down)方式;及使數個單位粒子生成並經過該粒子凝集而成之叢集狀態來形成粒子之自下而上(bottom-up)方式,可較佳使用由任一方法所調製者。此外,該等可為藉由濕式法、乾式法之任一方法者。此
外,自下而上方式有物理方法及化學方法,但可為藉由任一方法者。本發明之分散劑可在將粗大粒子進行機械磨碎、微細化之自上而下方式之步驟中使用,亦可在使數個單位粒子生成並經過該粒子凝集而成之叢集狀態來形成粒子之自下而上方式之步驟中使用,或者亦可使用下述粒子:事先以前述方法來調製微粒後,為了將該分散質粒子從介質中安定地取出而以稱為表面修飾劑或表面保護劑之習知保護劑來被覆或含浸後取出之粒子。保護劑能以前述習知分散劑來代替使用。
為了更具體說明自下而上方式,而例示前述分散質粒子中之金屬奈米粒子之調製法。自下而上方式中,物理方法之代表例有:使塊狀金屬在惰性氣體中蒸發,並藉由與氣體之衝撞來使其冷凝,而生成奈米粒子之氣體中蒸發法。此外,化學方法有:在液相中在保護劑之存在下將金屬離子還原後,使所生成之0價金屬以奈米尺寸安定化之液相還原法;和金屬錯合物之熱分解法等。液相還原法可利用:化學還原法、電化學還原法、光還原法、或將化學還原法與光照射法組合之方法等。
此外,本發明中可較佳使用之分散質粒子,可如前述以自上而下方式、自下而上方式之任一手法來獲得,該等可在水系、非水系、氣相中之任一環境中調製。
7.分散媒
本發明中可使用之分散媒可舉出例如:甲苯、二甲苯、芳香族烴系溶劑、正己烷、環己烷、正庚烷等烴系溶劑;二氯甲烷、氯仿、二氯乙烷等鹵化烴系溶劑;乙醚、異丙醚、二烷(dioxane)、四氫呋喃、二丁醚、丁基乙基醚、甲基三級丁基醚、松油基甲基醚(terpinyl methyl ether)、二氫松油基甲基醚、二乙二醇二甲醚(diglyme)、1,3-二氧戊環(dioxolane)等醚系溶劑;丙酮、苯乙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基丙基酮、二乙基酮、甲基正丁基酮、甲基異丁基酮、二丙基酮、二異丁基酮、甲基戊基酮、丙酮基丙酮、異佛酮、環己酮、甲基環己酮、2-(1-環己烯基)環己酮、甲基異丁基酮、環己酮、異佛酮等酮系溶劑;甲酸乙酯、甲酸丙酯、甲酸丁酯、甲酸異丁酯、甲酸戊酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸異丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸異丁酯、乙酸二級丁酯、乙酸(異)戊酯、乙酸環己酯、乳酸乙酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丁酯、乙酸二級己酯、乙酸2-乙基丁酯、乙酸2-乙基己酯、乙酸苯甲酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、氯乙酸甲酯、氯乙酸乙酯、氯乙酸丁酯、乙醯乙酸甲酯、乙醯乙酸乙酯、丙酸丁酯、丙酸異戊酯、γ-丁內酯等酯系溶劑;乙二醇單乙基醚、乙二醇單異丙基醚、乙二醇單丁基醚、二乙二醇單乙基醚、二乙二醇單正丁基醚、丙二醇單甲基醚、丙二醇單乙基醚、丙二醇單正丙基醚、丙二醇單正丁基醚、二丙二醇單甲基醚、二丙二醇單乙基醚、二丙二醇單正丙基醚、二丙二醇單正丁基醚、三
乙二醇單甲基醚、三乙二醇單乙基醚、三乙二醇單正丙基醚、三乙二醇單正丁基醚、三丙二醇單乙基醚、三丙二醇單正丙基醚、三丙二醇單正丁基醚等二醇醚系溶劑、及該等單醚類之乙酸酯系溶劑;二乙二醇二甲基醚、二乙二醇二乙基醚、二乙二醇甲基異丁基醚、二丙二醇二甲基醚、二丙二醇二乙基醚等二烷基醚系溶劑。甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇、正丁醇、異丁醇、二級丁醇、三級丁醇、庚醇、正戊醇、二級戊醇、正己醇、四氫糠醇、糠醇、烯丙醇、氯乙醇、辛基十二烷醇、1-乙基-1-丙醇、2-甲基-1-丁醇、異戊醇、三級戊醇、二級異戊醇、新戊醇、己醇、2-甲基-1-戊醇、4-甲基-2-戊醇、庚醇、正辛醇、2-乙基己醇、壬醇、癸醇、十一烷醇、月桂醇、環戊醇、環己醇、苯甲醇、α-松油醇(terpineol)、松油醇C、L-α-松油醇、二氫松油醇、松油氧基乙醇、二氫松油氧基乙醇、日本Terpene化學股份有限公司製之Tersorb MTPH、Tersorb DTO-210、Tersorb THA-90、Tersorb THA-70、和環己醇、3-甲氧基丁醇、二丙酮醇、1,4-丁二醇、辛二醇等、和日產化學工業股份有限公司製之FINEOXOCOL 140N、FINEOXOCOL 1600、FINEOXOCOL 180、FINEOXOCOL 180N、FINEOXOCOL 2000等醇系溶劑;乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、己二醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇等二醇系溶劑。其他還可舉出例如:
二甲基乙醯胺、二甲基甲醯胺等醯胺系溶劑等。此外,分散媒亦可使用:具有反應性基之(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸酯類、乙酸乙烯酯等乙烯系單體、乙烯醚衍生物類、聚烯丙基衍生物等乙烯系不飽和單體類。
其他,亦可無特別限制地使用:通常的塗料用和黏接著用、成型用所利用之各種樹脂類、寡聚物類、單體類。具體而言可舉出例如:丙烯酸系樹脂、聚酯樹脂、醇酸(alkyd)樹脂、胺酯樹脂、矽氧樹脂、氟樹脂、環氧樹脂、聚碳酸酯樹脂、聚氯乙烯樹脂、聚乙烯醇等。再者,前述分散媒可單獨使用或適當混合2種以上使用。
再者,本發明之分散劑之目的為在非水性環境中提供微粒子分散體,但對於上述分散媒,無論是刻意地或偶然地,在微粒子分散體之製造步驟中、或為了目標用途、或在設計最終製品時,不否定會有水混入、混合。
8.其他
本發明之分散劑可以習知方法來製造,藉由在上述範圍內,將疏水基之種類、環氧烷種類及其加成形態、加成莫耳量、連結基等予以特別限定,來選擇最適組成,而在相較於習知分散劑,可使更廣泛的種類之分散質分散,可使分散質在更廣泛的種類之分散媒中分散安定化之觀點上,產業上之利用價值相當大。
此外,本發明之分散劑可藉由習知精製法來減少所含之離子物種之含量後使用,特別是鹼金屬離
子、鹼土金屬離子、重金屬離子、鹵素離子之各離子之含量。分散劑中之離子物種,由於對分散體之分散安定性、耐蝕性、耐氧化性、分散塗膜之電氣特性(導電特性、絕緣特性)、經時安定性、耐熱性、低濕性、耐候性造成大幅影響,故上述離子之含量可適當決定,但宜在分散劑中未達10ppm。
本發明中,較佳採用之分散質粒子之分散媒中之含量,只要可在前述非水性分散媒中均勻分散,則無特別限定,雖因用途等而異,但以在0.5~70質量%的範圍內為佳。此外,分散質粒子之平均粒徑以在1~500nm的範圍內為佳,以在10~100nm的範圍內較佳。此外,本發明之分散劑之較佳使用條件以相對於分散質粒子在1~300重量%的範圍內為佳。
此外,本發明之分散體組成物,可使用習知之攪拌手段、均勻化手段、分散化手段來調製。可採用之分散機之一例可舉出例如:2輥、3輥等輥磨機、球磨機、震動球磨機等球磨機、塗料搖動器(paint shaker)、連續盤型珠磨機、連續環型珠磨機等珠磨機、混砂機、噴射磨機等。此外,亦可在超音波產生浴中進行分散處理。
此外,本發明之分散劑,不僅對於在非水性分散媒中之分散質粒子之分散安定化,發揮較習知技術更優異的分散安定化效果,且亦可做為用以將分散質粒子從介質中安定地取出之保護劑使用。用以將分散質粒
子從介質中安定地取出之保護劑之機能可舉出例如:生成粒子之凝集抑制、對容器壁面之吸附抑制及污染防止、易再分散性賦予、金屬粒子之氧化防止、粒子表面之表面改質、機能性表面之劣化防止、溶劑之置換和極性變更時之衝擊緩和、粉末之流動性改良、粉末之固化防止等。本發明之分散劑係前述機能較習知保護劑更優異,藉由選擇最適的環氧烷之加成形態及其加成莫耳量、疏水基之種類和連結基等,即可使期望的分散質在較習知保護劑更廣泛的分散媒中分散安定化。
基材,其要塗佈包含本發明之分散體組成物之塗覆組成物並且該分散體組成物係使用樹脂做為非水性分散媒、或包含本發明之分散體組成物與樹脂之混合物之塗覆組成物並且該分散體組成物係使用溶劑做為非水性分散媒,該基材可使用例如:玻璃、樹脂薄膜、玻璃複合材料、陶瓷、金屬/鋼板等。
根據本發明,可提供一種非水性分散媒用分散劑,其係可適用於廣範圍之分散質,且添加少量即可發揮優異的分散安定性。此外,可提供一種分散體組成物,其係使用該分散劑而成,且可提供一種薄膜,其係由該分散體組成物所構成。並且,可提供一種有機物粒子或無機物粒子,其係經該分散劑所被覆、或是含浸該分散劑而成。
以下說明本發明之實施例及比較例。再者,以下,表示調配量之「份」係表示「重量份」,「%」係表示「重量%」。當然,本發明並不受下述實施例所限定,可在不脫離本發明之技術範圍內適當變更和修正。
在甲苯溶劑中,在反應器中加入異癸醇環氧乙烷10mol加成物598g(1mol)及氯乙酸鈉151g(1.3mol),並攪拌成為均勻。然後,在反應系統之溫度為60℃之條件下,添加氫氧化鈉52g(1.3mol)後,使反應系統之溫度升溫至80℃,進行反應3小時。反應後,經由滴入98%硫酸120g(1.2mol),而獲得白色懸浮溶液。接著,藉由以蒸餾水將此白色懸浮溶液洗淨,並將溶劑減壓餾去,而獲得分散劑1(R:異癸基、AO:環氧乙烷、n:10、X:CH2)。
除了使用2-丙基-1-庚醇環氧乙烷10mol加成物598g(1mol),取代異癸醇環氧乙烷10mol加成物598g(1mol)以外,其餘與製造例1進行同樣的操作,而獲得分散劑2(R:2-丙基-1-庚基、AO:環氧乙烷、n:10、X:CH2)。
除了使用異十三烷醇環氧乙烷10mol加成物640g(1mol),取代異癸醇環氧乙烷10mol加成物598g(1mol)以外,其餘與製造例1進行同樣的操作,而獲得分散劑3(R:異十三烷基、AO:環氧乙烷、n:10、X:CH2)。
除了使用異十三烷醇環氧乙烷20mol加成物1080g(1mol),取代異癸醇環氧乙烷10mol加成物598g(1mol)以外,其餘與製造例1進行同樣的操作,而獲得分散劑4(R:異十三烷基、AO:環氧乙烷、n:20、X:CH2)。
除了使用分枝C11~14醇(製品名:EXXAL 13,Exxon Mobil公司製)之環氧乙烷5mol/環氧丙烷5mol無規加成物710g(1mol),取代異癸醇環氧乙烷10mol加成物598g(1mol)以外,其餘與製造例1進行同樣的操作,而獲得分散劑5(R:分枝C11~14烷基、AO:環氧乙烷及環氧丙烷、n:10、X:CH2)。
除了使用分枝C11~14醇(製品名:EXXAL 13,Exxon Mobil公司製)之環氧丙烷2mol/環氧乙烷
8mol嵌段加成物668g(1mol),取代異癸醇環氧乙烷10mol加成物598g(1mol)以外,其餘與製造例1進行同樣的操作,而獲得分散劑6(R:分枝C11~14烷基、AO:環氧丙烷及環氧乙烷、n:10、X:CH2)。
除了使用異丁醇環氧乙烷20mol加成物954g(1mol),取代異癸醇環氧乙烷10mol加成物598g(1mol)以外,其餘與製造例1進行同樣的操作,而獲得分散劑7(R:異丁基、AO:環氧乙烷、n:20、X:CH2)。
除了使用異丁醇環氧丙烷4mol加成物306g(1mol),取代異癸醇環氧乙烷10mol加成物598g(1mol)以外,其餘與製造例1進行同樣的操作,而獲得分散劑8(R:異丁基、AO:環氧丙烷、n:4、X:CH2)。
在120℃使異丁醇環氧乙烷20mol加成物954g(1mol)及辛二酸酐156g(1mol)反應2小時,而獲得分散劑9(R:異丁基、AO:環氧乙烷、n:20、X:CO(CH2)6)。
在120℃使2-丙基-1-庚醇環氧乙烷8mol加成物510g(1mol)及琥珀酸酐100g(1mol)反應2小時,而獲得分散劑10(R:2-丙基-1-庚基、AO:環氧乙烷、n:8、X:COCH2CH2)。
在120℃使異癸醇環氧乙烷10mol加成物598g(1mol)及馬來酸酐98g(1mol)反應2小時,而獲得分散劑11(R:異癸基、AO:環氧乙烷、n:10、X:COCH=CH)。
在120℃使異十三烷醇環氧乙烷10mol加成物640g(1mol)及馬來酸酐98g(1mol)反應2小時,而獲得分散劑12(R:異十三烷基、AO:環氧乙烷、n:10、X:COCH=CH)。
除了使用異十三烷醇(80重量%)/月桂醇(20重量%)混合物之環氧乙烷10mol加成物637g(1mol),取代異癸醇環氧乙烷10mol加成物598g(1mol)以外,其
餘與製造例1進行同樣的操作,而獲得分散劑13(R:異十三烷基及月桂基、AO:環氧乙烷、n:10、X:CH2)。
在120℃使異丁醇環氧乙烷20mol加成物954g(1mol)及偏苯三甲酸酐192g(1mol)反應2小時,而獲得分散劑14(R:異丁基、AO:環氧乙烷、n:20、X:COC6H3)。
使本發明之分散劑1.5份(以固形份來換算)或比較例之分散劑1.5份(以固形份來換算),溶於做為分散媒之溶劑(異丙醇或二乙二醇單丁基醚乙酸酯)68.5份中,再加入做為分散質之氧化鎂(MgO)30份及直徑10mm之氧化鋯球100mL後,使用球磨機對所得之溶液實施微細化處理24小時,該本發明之分散劑係由包含以下表1所示之組成之疏水基(R)、氧伸烷基(-(AO)n-)及連結基(X)之式(1)所示之化合物所構成,該比較例之分散劑係由包含以下表2所示之組成之疏水基(R)、氧伸烷基(-(AO)n-)及連結基(X)之式(1)所示之化合物所構成。結果,將所得之處理液移入透明的容器中後,藉由以肉眼來觀察該處理液,而以下述基準來評估容器內之處理液之分散性。結果如表1及表2所示。
◎:所有的分散質分散在溶液中,且在容器之底部未觀察到沉積物。
○:大部分的分散質分散在溶液中,但在容器之底部可觀察到極些微的沉積物。
×:在溶液中可觀察到分散質之小塊、或溶液呈現白濁。
由表1可知,使用本發明之分散劑者之分散性優異。
使本發明之分散劑(表3之左端所示之編號為1、2、3、4、7、10、12、13者)預定量或比較例之分散劑(表3所示之比較例1、2、3、5、11)預定量,溶於做為分散媒之甲基乙基酮預定量中,再加入做為分散質之氧化鋯(ZrO2)5份後,使用壽工業公司製之商品名ULTRA APEX MILL UAM-005(使用直徑50μm之氧化鋯珠,周速10m/秒)對所得之溶液實施微細化處理2小時,該本發明之分散劑係由包含以下表3所示之組成之疏水基(R)、氧伸烷基(-(AO)n-)及連結基(X)之式(1)所示之化合物所構成,該比較例之分散劑係由包含以下表3所示之組成之疏水基(R)、氧伸烷基(-(AO)n-)及連結基(X)之式(1)所示之化合物所構成。結果,將所得之處理液移入透明的容器中後,藉由以肉眼來觀察處理液,而以與上述相同的基準來評估剛進行微細化處理後之容器內之處理液之分散性、及24小時後之容器內之處理液(分散劑為0.25份且分散質為5份之處理液)之分散安定性。此外,對一部分之處理液(分散劑為0.25份且分散質為5份之處理液),使用Microtrac UPA MODEL 9230,測定剛進行微細化處理後之氧化鋯之粒徑。再者,甲基乙基酮相對於分散劑之調配量,係相對於分散
劑0.5份、0.25份、0.15份、0.05份,甲基乙基酮分別為94.5份、94.75份、94.85份、94.95份。上述分散性及分散安定性之肉眼評估及氧化鋯之粒徑測定結果如表3所示。
此外,使本發明之分散劑或比較例之分散劑、做為分散媒之甲基乙基酮、以及做為分散質之氧化鋯之比例成為0.25份:94.75份:5份而製作成分散體,並在溶有丙烯酸樹脂(三菱Rayon公司製之商品名ACRYPET VH)25份之甲基乙基酮溶液70份中混合該分散體70份,而獲得分散液後,使用壽工業公司製之商品名ULTRA APEX MILL UAM-005(使用直徑50μm之氧化鋯珠,周速10m/秒)對該分散液實施微細化處理2小時,該本發明之分散劑係由具有以下表3所示之組成之式(1)所示之化合物所構成,該比較例之分散劑係由具有以下表3所示之組成之式(1)所示之化合物所構成。結果,將所得之處理液移入透明的容器中後,藉由以肉眼來觀察處理液,而以與上述相同的基準來評估容器內之處理液之分散性。結果如表3所示。
此外,將上述分散液(進行微細化處理2小時後者)塗佈於乾淨的厚度10mm之玻璃板上後,使用乾燥機在120℃乾燥1小時,而獲得塗膜。接著,在上述玻璃板之下方放置記錄有以12號字印刷之字母之紙後,從隔著該塗膜是否可辨識字母之觀點,以下述基準來評估玻璃板上所得之塗膜之透明性。結果如表3所示。
◎:可鮮明地辨識12號字的字母文字。
○:塗膜產生極些許的混濁,但仍可辨識12號字的字母文字。
×:塗膜混濁,而無法辨識12號字的字母文字。
[表3]
由表3可知,使用本發明之分散劑者之分散性及分散安定性均優異。此外,如表3所示,使用本發明之分散劑而成之分散體中之分散質之粒徑,遠小於比較例之分散體中之分散質之粒徑,此事實為本發明之分散體之分散性優異之證據。並且,如表3所示,由本發明之分散體所構成之塗膜之透明性優異,證實本發明之分散體具有優異的分散性。
再者,未對比較例之分散劑測定分散安定性。此外,未測定比較例3、比較例5、比較例11之氧化鋯的粒徑。
使本發明之分散劑(表4的左端所示的編號為1、2、3、4、12者)1份或比較例(表4所示之比較例1、2、3、14)之分散劑1份,溶於做為分散媒之二乙二醇單丁基醚乙酸酯70份中,再加入做為分散質之多壁碳奈米管(昭和電工公司製之商品名VGCF-X)1份後,使用塗料搖動器(SEIWA技研製之ROCKING MILL,商品名RM-5,使用直徑0.5mm之氧化鋯珠者)對所得之溶液實施微細化處理12小時,該本發明之分散劑係由包含以下表4所示之組成之疏水基(R)、氧伸烷基(-(AO)n-)及連結基(X)之式(1)所示之化合物所構成,該比較例之分散劑係由包含以下表4所示之組成之疏水基(R)、氧伸烷基(-(AO)n-)及連結基(X)之式(1)所示之化合物所
構成。結果,將所得之處理液移入透明的容器中後,藉由以肉眼來觀察該處理液,而以與上述相同的基準來評估剛進行微細化處理後之容器內之處理液之分散性、及24小時後之容器內之處理液之分散安定性。結果如表4所示。
此外,使本發明之分散劑或比較例之分散劑、做為分散媒之二乙二醇單丁基醚乙酸酯、以及做為分散質之多壁碳奈米管(昭和電工公司製之商品名VGCF-X)之比例成為1份:70份:1份而製作成分散體,並在該分散體10份中加入30份之二乙二醇單丁基醚乙酸酯後,使用上述塗料搖動器實施微細化處理1小時,該本發明之分散劑係由具有以下表4所示之組成之式(1)所示之化合物所構成,該比較例之分散劑係由具有以下表4所示之組成之式(1)所示之化合物所構成。將以二乙二醇單丁基醚乙酸酯稀釋後之處理液之分散安定性定義為稀釋安定性,以與分散性相同的基準來評估此稀釋安定性。結果如表4所示。
此外,對使本發明之分散劑或比較例之分散劑、做為分散媒之二乙二醇單丁基醚乙酸酯、以及做為分散質之與上述相同的多壁碳奈米管之比例成為1份:70份:1份者,使用上述塗料搖動器實施微細化處理12小時,而獲得分散體後,在溶有丙烯酸樹脂(三菱Rayon公司製之商品名ACRYPET VH)25份之甲基乙基酮溶液70份中混合該分散體70份,而獲得分散液後,將該分
散液塗佈於乾淨的厚度10mm之玻璃板上後,使用乾燥機在120℃乾燥1小時,而獲得塗膜,該本發明之分散劑係由具有以下表4所示之組成之式(1)所示之化合物所構成,該比較例之分散劑係由具有以下表4所示之組成之式(1)所示之化合物所構成。接著,在上述玻璃板之下方放置記錄有以12號字印刷之字母之紙後,從隔著該塗膜是否可辨識字母之觀點,以與上述相同的基準來評估玻璃板上所得之塗膜之透明性。結果如表4所示。
由表4可知,使用本發明之分散劑者之分散性、分散安定性及稀釋安定性均優異。此外,如表4所示,
由本發明之分散體所構成之塗膜之透明性優異,證實本發明之分散體具有優異的分散性。再者,未對比較例之分散劑測定透明性。
在將氧化鋯粉末(日本電工公司製之商品名PCS,一次粒徑30nm者)100份及甲基乙基酮400份混合而成者中,添加本發明之分散劑(表5之左端所示之編號為(1)-1至(1)-6者)10份或比較例之分散劑(表5所示之(1)-比較例1、(1)-比較例1’)10份後,使用壽工業公司製之商品名ULTRA APEX MILL UAM-005(使用直徑50μm之氧化鋯珠,周速10m/秒)對所得之溶液實施微細化處理4小時,而製作氧化鋯分散體,該本發明之分散劑係由包含以下表5所示之組成之疏水基(R)、氧伸烷基(-(AO)n-)及連結基(X)之式(1)所示之化合物所構成,該比較例之分散劑係由包含以下表5所示之組成之疏水基(R)、氧伸烷基(-(AO)n-)及連結基(X)之式(1)所示之化合物所構成。在所得之氧化鋯分散體100份中添加丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯(第一工業製藥公司製之商品名NEW FRONTIER PHE)10份及季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(第一工業製藥公司製之商品名NEW FRONTIER PET-3)10份並混合後,使用旋轉蒸發器將溶劑之甲基
乙基酮減壓除去,而獲得氧化鋯之丙烯酸酯單體分散體(1)。
在市售之氧化鋯分散體(堺化學公司製之商品名SZR-M,一次粒徑3nm,包含30重量%之甲醇之分散體)100份中,添加本發明之分散劑(表5之左端所示之編號為(2)-1至(2)-13者)3份或比較例之分散劑(表5所示之(2)-比較例2、(2)-比較例2’)3份、丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯(第一工業製藥公司製之商品名NEW FRONTIER PHE)15份及季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(第一工業製藥公司製之商品名NEW FRONTIER PET-3)15份並混合後,使用旋轉蒸發器將溶劑之甲基乙基酮減壓除去,而獲得氧化鋯之丙烯酸酯單體分散體(2),該本發明之分散劑係由具有以下表5所示之組成之式(1)所示之化合物所構成,該比較例之分散劑係由具有以下表5所示之組成之式(1)所示之化合物所構成。
a.外觀之透明性
將氧化鋯之丙烯酸酯單體分散體加入透明的玻璃容器中,並在上述容器的下方放置記錄有以12號字印刷之字母之紙後,從隔著該分散體是否可辨識字母之觀點,以下述基準來評估分散體之透明性。結果如表5所示。
◎:在將分散體加入5cm深之玻璃容器中後,可觀察到12號字的字母文字。分散體透明。
○:在將分散體加入1cm深之玻璃容器中後,可清楚觀察到12號字的字母文字。分散體些許混濁。
×:在將分散體加入1cm深之玻璃容器中後,無法清楚觀察到12號字的字母文字。分散體混濁。
b.黏度測定
對氧化鋯之丙烯酸酯單體分散體之黏度,使用E型黏度計(東機產業公司製之商品名RE-80R)在25℃進行測定。結果如表5所示。
c.折射率
對氧化鋯之丙烯酸酯單體分散體之折射率,使用Abbe折射率計(ATAGO公司製之商品名NAR-1T)在25℃進行測定。結果如表5所示。
在上述氧化鋯之丙烯酸酯單體分散體(1)或(2)100份中,添加光聚合起始劑(IGACURE 184)1份並混合,而獲得氧化鋯糊漿。藉由使用撒布器(applicator)(小平製作所製之YA型),於聚對酞酸乙二酯薄膜上將該氧化鋯糊漿塗佈成約50μm之膜厚後,使用高壓水銀燈來照射強度80W/cm且能量約
200mJ/cm2之紫外線,而獲得氧化鋯之丙烯酸酯單體分散體之光聚合硬化膜。
a.外觀之透明性
在聚對酞酸乙二酯薄膜之下方放置記錄有以12號字印刷之字母之紙後,從隔著該硬化膜是否可辨識字母之觀點,以下述基準來評估聚對酞酸乙二酯薄膜上所得之光聚合硬化膜之透明性。結果如表5所示。◎:可鮮明地辨識12號字的字母文字。○:硬化膜產生極些許的混濁,但仍可辨識12號字的字母文字。×:硬化膜混濁,而無法辨識12號字的字母文字。
b.折射率
對光聚合硬化膜之折射率,使用Seki Technotron公司製之PRISM COUPLER(MODEL 2010/M)在25℃進行測定。結果如表5所示。
c.鉛筆硬度
對光聚合硬化膜之鉛筆硬度,依據JISK5400,使用預定硬度之鉛筆進行光聚合硬化膜之刮擦測試。結果如表5所示。
由表5可知,本發明之分散體係具有優異的分散性(外觀之透明性)及高折射率,並且本發明之分散體之光聚合硬化膜係具備優異的透明性、高折射率及良好的鉛筆硬度。
然而,比較例之分散體((1)-比較例1、(1)-比較例1’、(2)-比較例2、(2)-比較例2’)由於發生凝集,故無法測定黏度及折射率,且混濁。此外,比較例之分散體之光聚合硬化膜係混濁,而無法測定折射率及鉛筆硬度。
在表1至表5中,EO表示環氧乙烷,PO表示環氧丙烷。
再者,無法測定由比較例之分散劑所構成之分散體之折射率。此外,無法測定由比較例之分散劑所構成之分散體之光聚合硬化膜之折射率及鉛筆硬度。
本發明之分散體組成物可在下述領域中使用:混成材料、表面保護劑、導電膏、導電性印墨、感測器、精密分析元件、光記憶體、液晶顯示元件、奈米磁石、導熱介質、燃料電池用高機能觸媒、有機太陽能電池、奈米玻璃元件、研磨劑、藥物載體、環境觸媒、塗料、印刷印墨、噴墨用印墨、濾色片用阻劑、書寫工具用印墨、光學薄膜、黏著劑、抗反射膜、硬塗膜等。本發明之分散劑可有效地使在前述用途製品及其製造步驟中做為主體成分之奈米尺寸之源自無機物或源自有機物之等向性材料及/或異向性材料在非水性分散媒中分
散安定化,而抑制分散媒中之分散質凝集,達成長時間分散安定化,而獲得期望的製品特性、加工特性、品質安定化、生產性提高。
已詳細地並且參照特定實施態樣來說明本發明,但對本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者而言,可在不脫離本發明之精神及範圍之情形下加以各種變更和修正是屬顯而易知。
本申請案係依據2010年5月26日所申請之日本專利申請案(日本特願2010-120122)及2010年12月22日所申請之日本專利申請案(日本特願2010-286489),並且係將該等之內容援用於此做為參照。
Claims (4)
- 一種分散體組成物,其係使用由下述式(1)所示之化合物所構成之非水性分散媒用分散劑,來使平均粒徑為1~500nm之有機物粒子或無機物粒子分散在非水性分散媒中而成:但是,式(1)的R表示碳數8~18之分枝型的烷基,式(1)的AO表示碳數為1至4之氧伸烷基,n表示環氧烷的平均加成莫耳數且在1至30的範圍,式(1)的X為碳數1至15之伸烷基。
- 一種塗覆組成物,其係包含:請求項1所述之分散體組成物,該分散體組成物係使用樹脂來做為非水性分散媒。
- 一種塗覆組成物,其係包含:請求項1所述之分散體組成物與樹脂之混合物,該分散體組成物係使用溶劑來做為非水性分散媒。
- 一種構件,其係藉由將請求項2或3所述之塗覆組成物塗佈於基材上後,進行物理反應或化學反應而得。
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CN102906060A (zh) | 2013-01-30 |
TWI533925B (zh) | 2016-05-21 |
CN102906060B (zh) | 2015-02-04 |
TW201622807A (zh) | 2016-07-01 |
KR101472651B1 (ko) | 2014-12-15 |
JP6046330B2 (ja) | 2016-12-14 |
KR20130023254A (ko) | 2013-03-07 |
JP2012006005A (ja) | 2012-01-12 |
TW201141602A (en) | 2011-12-01 |
WO2011148520A1 (ja) | 2011-12-01 |
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