TWI608091B - Freezer used as a fluid and fluid composition - Google Patents

Freezer used as a fluid and fluid composition Download PDF

Info

Publication number
TWI608091B
TWI608091B TW103110755A TW103110755A TWI608091B TW I608091 B TWI608091 B TW I608091B TW 103110755 A TW103110755 A TW 103110755A TW 103110755 A TW103110755 A TW 103110755A TW I608091 B TWI608091 B TW I608091B
Authority
TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
acid
ester
carbon number
polyol
fluid composition
Prior art date
Application number
TW103110755A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
TW201439298A (zh
Inventor
Takeshi Okido
Souichirou Konno
Original Assignee
Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp filed Critical Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp
Publication of TW201439298A publication Critical patent/TW201439298A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TWI608091B publication Critical patent/TWI608091B/zh

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32Esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/008Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10Components
    • C09K2205/12Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/126Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/283Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/2835Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/30Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/301Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/30Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/302Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids derived from the combination of monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
    • C10M2207/3025Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids derived from the combination of monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/30Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/304Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids derived from the combination of monohydroxy compounds, dihydroxy compounds and dicarboxylic acids only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
    • C10M2207/3045Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids derived from the combination of monohydroxy compounds, dihydroxy compounds and dicarboxylic acids only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/09Characteristics associated with water
    • C10N2020/097Refrigerants
    • C10N2020/101Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

冷凍機用作動流體組合物
本發明係關於一種冷凍機用作動流體組合物。再者,於本發明中所言及之「冷凍機」包含汽車用空調、除濕器、冰箱、冷凍冷藏倉庫、自動販賣機、展示櫃、化學工廠等中之冷卻裝置、住宅用空氣調節器、櫃式空氣調節器、供給熱水用熱泵等。
於冷凍、空調之領域中,目前,作為冰箱、車載空調、房間空調、產業用冷凍機等之冷媒,廣泛使用氫氟碳(HFC)之1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(R134a)、或二氟甲烷(R32)與五氟乙烷(R125)之以質量比計1/1之混合冷媒之R410A等。然而,雖然該等HFC冷媒之臭氧破壞係數(ODP)為零,但全球暖化係數(GWP)高達1000以上,故而以地球環境保護為目標,使用受到所謂含氟(F)氣體法規限制。
作為GWP較高之冷媒之代替物,四氟丙烯就其熱力學特性之方面而言,業界將其作為候補進行研究。2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)之GWP低至4,而將其作為有力候補進行研究。
關於通常之工業用潤滑油之基礎油,於專利文獻1中提出有一種包含如下合成酯之潤滑油基礎油,該合成酯係使包含三羥甲基丙烷90質量%以上之醇成分、與包含碳數8~12之一元脂肪酸及己二酸且包含以總量計90質量%以上之辛酸及/或癸酸之碳數8~12之一元脂肪酸、及包含以總量計90質量%以上之己二酸之羧酸成分進行反應而獲得。
[先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2012-102235號公報
然而,今後之方向為於冷凍機器之滑動部之負荷條件變得更嚴格,故而於共存四氟丙烯冷媒並溶解於冷凍機油中之情形時,要求耐磨耗性優異之作動流體。
本發明係鑒於上述課題而完成者,其目的在於提供一種冷凍機用作動流體組合物,其即便於共存冷媒並溶解於冷凍機油中所產生之嚴格之潤滑條件下,亦可維持較厚之油膜,耐磨耗之效果較大,長期可靠性優異。
本發明者等人發現:含有以調配由特定之多元醇、多元酸、一元醇或一元脂肪酸所合成之複合酯、與由特定之多元醇與一元脂肪酸所合成之多元醇酯而成之酯作為基礎油之冷凍機油、以及作為冷媒之四氟丙烯,並且於特定條件下之冷媒溶解黏度較高之冷凍、空調用作動流體會形成較厚之油膜,顯示出較高之耐磨耗性,從而完成本發明。
即,本發明提供一種下述[1]至[6]記載之冷凍機用作動流體組合物。
[1]一種冷凍機用作動流體組合物,其包含:冷凍機油,其含有將(A)由選自新戊二醇、三羥甲基丙烷及季戊四醇中之至少1種多元醇、碳數6~12之多元酸、及碳數4~18之一元醇或碳數為4~18之一元脂肪酸所合成之複合酯、及(B)由選自新戊二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、季戊四醇及二季戊四醇中之至少1種多元醇與碳 數4~18之一元脂肪酸所合成之多元醇酯以上述(A)複合酯/上述(B)多元醇酯之質量比5/95~95/5混合而成之混合酯作為基礎油;以及作為冷媒之四氟丙烯;並且於溫度80℃、絕對壓力1.6MPa下之冷媒溶解黏度為1.5mm2/s以上。
[2]如[1]之冷凍機用作動流體組合物,其中構成上述(A)複合酯之上述多元醇為新戊二醇及/或三羥甲基丙烷。
[3]如[1]或[2]之冷凍機用作動流體組合物,其中構成上述(A)複合酯之多元酸為己二酸及/或癸二酸。
[4]如[1]至[3]中任一項之冷凍機用作動流體組合物,其中構成上述(A)複合酯之上述一元醇為碳數8~10之醇。
[5]如[1]至[4]中任一項之冷凍機用作動流體組合物,其中上述(B)多元醇酯為由新戊二醇及/或季戊四醇與碳數4~9之一元脂肪酸所合成之酯。
[6]如[1]至[5]中任一項之冷凍機用作動流體組合物,其中上述(B)多元醇酯為由季戊四醇、與碳數4之一元脂肪酸及3,5,5-三甲基己酸之混合酸、碳數5之一元脂肪酸及3,5,5-三甲基己酸之混合酸、或者碳數4之一元脂肪酸、碳數5之一元脂肪酸及3,5,5-三甲基己酸之混合酸中之任一種混合酸所合成之酯。
本發明之冷凍機用作動流體組合物發揮出如下顯著之效果:即便於四氟丙烯冷媒溶解而使冷凍機油之黏度降低之嚴格之潤滑條件下,耐磨耗性亦較高,穩定性亦良好而可長期穩定地使用機器。
以下,對本發明之較佳之實施形態詳細地說明。
本發明之實施形態之冷凍機用作動流體組合物包含:冷凍機油,其含有將(A)由選自新戊二醇、三羥甲基丙烷及季戊四醇中之至少1種多元醇、碳數6~12之多元酸、及碳數4~18之一元醇或碳數4~18之一元脂肪酸所合成之複合酯、及(B)由選自新戊二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、季戊四醇及二季戊四醇中之至少1種多元醇與碳數4~18之一元脂肪酸所合成之多元醇酯以上述(A)複合酯/上述(B)多元醇酯之質量比5/95~95/5混合而成之混合酯作為基礎油;以及作為冷媒之四氟丙烯;並且於溫度80℃、絕對壓力1.6MPa下之冷媒溶解黏度為1.5mm2/s以上。
關於上述複合酯,與先前之冷凍機油相比,冷媒不易溶解,故而雖與冷媒之相溶性較低,但具有可將油膜維持較厚之特性。又,上述多元醇酯與冷媒之相溶性良好。於本實施形態中,藉由如此調配特性(尤其是冷媒溶解度)不同之複合酯與多元醇酯,可增厚冷媒共存時之油膜,進而可提高作動流體之耐磨耗性。
再者,複合酯由於分子量增大,故而成為黏度較高之酯,因此就不易與冷媒相溶、向壓縮機中回油之方面而言,不適合單獨使用其作為需要與冷媒之相溶性之冷凍機油之基礎油。於本實施形態中之特徵之一在於可藉由將複合酯與如上述多元醇酯般與冷媒之相溶性良好之油進行混合而獲得特性平衡之方面。
複合酯之較佳之動黏度係於40℃下為20~500mm2/s,更佳之黏度為40~400mm2/s,進而較佳之黏度為50~300mm2/s。又,黏度指數較佳為100以上,尤佳為110~160。
作為複合酯之合成方法,可列舉:(a)調整多元醇與多元酸之莫耳比而製成殘留多元酸之羧基之酯中間物,並將該羧基利用一元醇進行酯化之方法 (b)調整多元醇與多元酸之莫耳比而製成殘留多元醇之羥基之酯中間物,並將該羥基利用一元脂肪酸進行酯化之方法等。藉由上述(b)之方法所獲得之複合酯若於用作冷凍機油時發生水解,則產生相對較強之酸,故而與藉由上述(a)之方法所獲得之複合酯相比,穩定性變得稍差。作為本實施形態中之複合酯,較佳為穩定性更高之藉由上述(a)之方法所獲得之複合酯。
作為構成複合酯之多元醇,為了製成作為基礎油之較佳之黏度,較佳為新戊二醇、三羥甲基丙烷。再者,於使用四元之季戊四醇之情形時,有與新戊二醇及三羥甲基丙烷相比,所獲得之複合酯之黏度較高,低溫特性亦較差之傾向。進而,更佳為可範圍寬廣地調整黏度之新戊二醇。
又,若構成複合酯之多元醇除了含有選自新戊二醇、三羥甲基丙烷及季戊四醇中之至少1種以外,亦進而含有新戊二醇以外之碳數為2~10之二元醇,則可謀求潤滑性之提高而較佳。作為新戊二醇以外之碳數為2~10之二元醇,可列舉:乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、2,2-二乙基-1,3-戊二醇等,較佳為所合成之基礎油之特性平衡較佳之丁二醇,丁二醇有1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇等,就特性之方面而言,更佳為1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇。新戊二醇以外之碳數為2~10之二元醇相對於選自新戊二醇、三羥甲基丙烷及季戊四醇中之多元醇1莫耳較佳為1.2莫耳以下,尤佳為0.8莫耳以下,進而較佳為0.4莫耳以下。
構成複合酯之多元酸為碳數為6~12之多元酸。作為該多元酸,可列舉:己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、鄰苯二甲酸、偏苯三甲酸等,較佳為所合成之酯之特性平衡優異、獲取性良好之己二酸、癸二酸,其中,更佳為己二酸。該多元酸相對於選自新戊二 醇、三羥甲基丙烷及季戊四醇中之多元醇1莫耳較佳為0.4~4莫耳,尤佳為0.5莫耳~3莫耳,進而較佳為0.6莫耳~2.5莫耳。
於在藉由上述多元醇與多元酸之反應所產生之複合酯中間物中殘留羧基之情形時,該羧基藉由碳數4~18之一元醇而酯化。作為碳數4~18之一元醇,可列舉:直鏈或分支之丁醇、直鏈或分支之戊醇、直鏈或分支之己醇、直鏈或分支之庚醇、直鏈或分支之辛醇、直鏈或分支之壬醇、直鏈或分支之癸醇、直鏈或分支之十二烷醇、油醇等脂肪族醇。就特性平衡之方面而言,較佳為碳數6~10之一元醇,尤佳為碳數8~10之一元醇,其中,就所合成之複合酯之良好之低溫特性之方面而言,較佳為2-乙基己醇及3,5,5-三甲基己醇。
又,於在藉由上述多元醇與多元酸之反應所產生之複合酯中間物中殘留羥基之情形時,該羥基藉由碳數4~18之一元脂肪酸而酯化。作為碳數4~18之一元脂肪酸,可列舉:直鏈或分支之丁酸、直鏈或分支之戊酸、直鏈或分支之己酸、直鏈或分支之庚酸、直鏈或分支之辛酸、直鏈或分支之壬酸、直鏈或分支之癸酸、直鏈或分支之十二烷酸、油酸等。較佳為碳數8~10之一元脂肪酸,其中,就低溫特性之方面而言,較佳為2-乙基己酸及3,5,5-三甲基己酸。
另一方面,於本實施形態中之多元醇酯係由選自新戊二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇中之至少1種多元醇與碳數4~18之一元脂肪酸所合成之多元醇酯。
作為構成多元醇酯之多元醇,就特性平衡之方面而言,較佳為三羥甲基丙烷及季戊四醇,更佳為季戊四醇。
作為構成多元醇酯之碳數4~18之一元脂肪酸,可列舉:直鏈或分支之丁酸、直鏈或分支之戊酸、直鏈或分支之己酸、直鏈或分支之庚酸、直鏈或分支之辛酸、直鏈或分支之壬酸、直鏈或分支之癸酸、直鏈或分支之十二烷酸、油酸等。就低溫特性之方面而言,較佳為碳 數4~9之一元脂肪酸,尤其更佳為分支之丁酸、分支之戊酸、分支之己酸、分支之庚酸、2-乙基己酸及3,5,5-三甲基己酸。尤佳為碳數4或5之飽和一元脂肪酸。
就與冷媒之相溶性之方面而言,最佳為由多元醇為季戊四醇且一元脂肪酸為碳數4~9之分支脂肪酸之混合酸所合成之多元醇酯。
於本實施形態之冷凍機用作動流體組合物中,若將上述複合酯之含量設為(A),將上述多元醇酯之含量設為(B),則(A)/(B)以質量比計為5/95~95/5,為了進一步發揮各自之酯之特性,就潤滑性之方面而言,較佳為50/50~95/5,就與冷媒之相溶性之方面而言,較佳為50/50~5/95。
於本實施形態中之冷凍機油之40℃下之動黏度較佳為3~500mm2/s,更佳為8~150mm2/s,進而較佳為20~100mm2/s。又,冷凍機油之黏度指數較佳為50以上,尤佳為80~120。
於本實施形態中之冷凍機油之流動點較佳為-10℃以下,更佳為-20℃以下。
關於本實施形態中之冷凍機油之酸值,為了防止對冷凍機或配管所使用之金屬之腐蝕,抑制冷凍機油本身之劣化,較佳為將其設為0.1mgKOH/g以下,更佳為設為0.05mgKOH/g以下。再者,所謂本發明中之酸值,意指依據JIS K2501「酸值試驗方法」所測得之酸值。
又,於本實施形態中之冷凍機油之引火點較佳為120℃以上,更佳為200℃以上。
又,於本實施形態中之冷凍機油之水分含量較佳為200ppm以下,更佳為100ppm以下,最佳為50ppm以下。尤其是於用於密閉型冷凍機之情形時,就針對冷凍機油之穩定性或電氣絕緣性之觀點而言,要求水分含量較少。
又,於本實施形態中之冷凍機油除了含有上述複合酯及多元醇 酯以外,亦可進而含有礦物油系基礎油、合成系基礎油等其他基礎油。上述複合酯及多元醇酯之合計含量較佳為冷凍機油之80質量%以上,尤佳為95質量%以上。
於冷凍機之情形時,就如上述般防止全球暖化之觀點而言,有自GWP較高之現行之HFC冷媒轉變為低GWP之冷媒之動向,而需要適合該等之冷凍機油,要求混合有冷媒與冷凍機油之較佳之作動流體。於本發明中,作為冷媒,為含有四氟丙烯者,冷媒中之四氟丙烯之含量較佳為60~100質量%,尤佳為80~100質量%。作為四氟丙烯(HFO-1234),可使用:2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)、1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234ze)、1,2,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234ye)等。
本實施形態之冷凍機用作動流體組合物中之冷凍機油組合物與冷媒之調配比率並無特別限制,相對於冷媒100質量份,冷凍機油組合物較佳為1~500質量份,更佳為2~400質量份。
本實施形態之冷凍機用作動流體組合物之於溫度80℃、絕對壓力1.6MPa下之冷媒溶解黏度為1.5mm2/s以上,較佳為1.7mm2/s以上,通常為15.0mm2/s以下。
為了進一步提高耐磨耗性,本實施形態之作動流體組合物可含有各種添加劑。作為較佳之添加劑為磷酸酯,其中,作為較佳之化合物,為磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、磷酸三甲苯酯(TCP)。
又,作為較佳之硫系添加劑有硫醚,作為該硫醚化合物存在多種,較佳為單硫醚化合物。其原因在於:例如二硫醚化合物之類的活性較高之硫化合物會使冷凍機油之穩定性變差,使大量用於冷凍機器內部之銅變質。
為了進一步提高性能,本實施形態之冷凍機用作動流體組合物除了含有上述添加劑以外,於無損本發明目的之範圍內,亦可含有自先前以來一直用於潤滑油之抗氧化劑、摩擦調整劑、抗磨耗劑、極壓 添加劑、防銹劑、金屬鈍化劑、消泡劑等添加劑。
作為抗氧化劑,可含有:二-第三丁基-對甲酚之類的酚系化合物、烷基二苯胺之類的胺系化合物等。尤佳為含有以冷凍機油總量基準計0.02~0.5質量%之酚系化合物抗氧化劑。
作為摩擦調整劑,可列舉:脂肪族胺、脂肪族醯胺、脂肪族醯亞胺、醇、酯、酸性磷酸酯胺鹽、亞磷酸酯胺鹽等,作為抗磨耗劑,可列舉:二烷基二硫代磷酸鋅等,作為極壓添加劑,可列舉:硫化烯烴、硫化油脂等,作為防銹劑,可列舉:烯基琥珀酸酯或偏酯等,作為金屬鈍化劑,可列舉:苯并三唑、苯并三唑衍生物等,作為消泡劑,可列舉:聚矽氧化合物、聚酯化合物等。
[實施例]
以下,基於實施例及比較例更具體地說明本發明,但本發明不受以下實施例之任何限定。
[實施例1~8、比較例1~3]
於實施例1~8及比較例1~3中,首先,使用以下所示之基材製備具有表1~2所示之組成之基礎油。
[A]複合酯
(A-1)使己二酸(2.4莫耳)與新戊二醇(1莫耳)及1,4-丁二醇(0.3莫耳)反應而獲得酯中間物,使該酯中間物進而與3,5,5-三甲基己醇(2.5莫耳)進行反應,利用蒸餾去除殘存之未反應物而獲得之酯(40℃下之動黏度67.8mm2/s,黏度指數145)。
(A-2)使癸二酸(2.4莫耳)與三羥甲基丙烷(1莫耳)及1,3-丁二醇(0.2莫耳)反應而獲得酯中間物,使該酯中間物進而與正庚醇(1.6莫耳)進行反應,利用蒸餾去除殘存之未反應物而獲得之酯(40℃下之動黏度77.3mm2/s,黏度指數148)。
(A-3)使己二酸(2.4莫耳)與三羥甲基丙烷(1莫耳)反應而獲得酯中 間物,使該酯中間物進而與2-乙基己醇(2.0莫耳)進行反應,利用蒸餾去除殘存之未反應物而獲得之酯(40℃下之動黏度68.8mm2/s,黏度指數120)。
(A-4)使己二酸(0.8莫耳)與新戊二醇(1莫耳)反應而獲得酯中間物,使該酯中間物進而與3,5,5-三甲基己酸(0.5莫耳)進行反應,利用蒸餾去除殘存之未反應物而獲得之酯(40℃下之動黏度71.5mm2/s,黏度指數114)。
[B]多元醇酯
(B-1)季戊四醇、與2-甲基丙酸與3,5,5-三甲基己酸以莫耳比計35:65之混合酸之酯(40℃下之動黏度69.4mm2/s,黏度指數95)
(B-2)季戊四醇、與2-乙基己酸與3,5,5-三甲基己酸以莫耳比計45:55之混合酸之酯(40℃下之動黏度70.1mm2/s,黏度指數90)
(B-3)新戊二醇、與2-乙基己酸之酯(40℃下之動黏度8.3mm2/s,黏度指數56)
(B-4)季戊四醇、與戊酸與3,5,5-三甲基己酸以莫耳比計40:60之混合酸之酯(40℃下之動黏度53.8mm2/s,黏度指數99)
該等基礎油中,[A]、[B]之酯之合成反應係不使用觸媒、溶劑而進行,於最終步驟中,進行藉由吸附處理(白土處理)去除微量之雜質。再者,動黏度及黏度指數係依據JIS K2283進行測定、計算。
繼而,於實施例1~8及比較例1~3之各基礎油中,於任意之情形時均調配0.1質量%之作為抗氧化劑之二-第三丁基-對甲酚(DBPC)而製備冷凍機油。
對於實施例1~8及比較例1~3之冷凍機油,以如下方式測定溶解黏度。
(冷媒溶解黏度之測定)
向放有振動式黏度計之200ml之耐壓容器中添加冷凍機油100 g,對容器內進行真空脫氣,其後添加HFO-1234yf冷媒而製備作動流體組合物,於溫度80℃、絕對壓力1.6MPa之條件下調整冷媒之壓力與耐壓容器之溫度,從而進行黏度測定。將所獲得之結果示於表1~2。
可知實施例1~8之作動流體組合物之冷媒溶解黏度較高。
又,針對於實施例1~8之冷凍機油,藉由以下之潤滑性試驗而確認出潤滑性(耐磨耗性)良好。
(潤滑性試驗)
試驗機:神鋼造機(股)製造之高壓環境摩擦試驗機(旋轉葉片材料與固定圓盤材料之旋轉滑動方式)
油量:600ml
試驗溫度:110℃
轉數:500rpm
負荷荷重:80kgf
試驗時間:1小時
葉片材料:SKH-51
圓盤材料:FC250
冷媒:HFO-1234yf
試驗容器內壓力:1.6MPa
[產業上之可利用性]
本發明之冷凍機用作動流體組合物具有四氟丙烯冷媒溶解時之黏度較高而大幅度提高潤滑性之明顯之效果。因此,可較佳地用於具有壓縮機、冷凝器、節流裝置、蒸發器等且使冷媒於該等之間循環之冷卻效率較高之冷凍、空調系統,尤其是具有旋轉式、擺動式、渦旋式等之壓縮機之系統中,於房間空調、櫃式空調、冰箱、車載空調、產業用冷凍機等領域中較為有用。

Claims (6)

  1. 一種冷凍機用作動流體組合物,其包含:冷凍機油,其含有將(A)(i)由選自新戊二醇、三羥甲基丙烷及季戊四醇中之至少1種多元醇、碳數6~12之多元酸、及碳數4~18之一元醇所合成的第一複合酯、或(ii)由選自新戊二醇、三羥甲基丙烷及季戊四醇中之至少1種多元醇、碳數6~12之多元酸、及碳數4~18之一元脂肪酸所合成且溫度40℃下動黏度為40~400mm2/s的第二複合酯,及(B)由選自新戊二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、季戊四醇及二季戊四醇中之至少1種多元醇、及碳數4~18之一元脂肪酸所合成之多元醇酯以上述(A)第一或第二複合酯/上述(B)多元醇酯之質量比5/95~95/5混合而成之混合酯作為基礎油;以及作為冷媒之四氟丙烯;並且於溫度80℃、絕對壓力1.6MPa下之冷媒溶解黏度為1.5mm2/s以上。
  2. 如請求項1之冷凍機用作動流體組合物,其中構成上述(A)複合酯之上述多元醇為新戊二醇及/或三羥甲基丙烷。
  3. 如請求項1或2之冷凍機用作動流體組合物,其中構成上述(A)複合酯之多元酸為己二酸及/或癸二酸。
  4. 如請求項1或2之冷凍機用作動流體組合物,其中構成上述(A)複合酯之上述一元醇為碳數8~10之醇。
  5. 如請求項1或2之冷凍機用作動流體組合物,其中上述(B)多元醇酯為由新戊二醇及/或季戊四醇與碳數4~9之一元脂肪酸所合成之酯。
  6. 如請求項1或2之冷凍機用作動流體組合物,其中上述(B)多元醇 酯為由季戊四醇、與碳數4之一元脂肪酸及3,5,5-三甲基己酸之混合酸、碳數5之一元脂肪酸及3,5,5-三甲基己酸之混合酸、或者碳數4之一元脂肪酸、碳數5之一元脂肪酸及3,5,5-三甲基己酸之混合酸中之任一種混合酸所合成之酯。
TW103110755A 2013-03-25 2014-03-21 Freezer used as a fluid and fluid composition TWI608091B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2013062527 2013-03-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
TW201439298A TW201439298A (zh) 2014-10-16
TWI608091B true TWI608091B (zh) 2017-12-11

Family

ID=51623718

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TW103110755A TWI608091B (zh) 2013-03-25 2014-03-21 Freezer used as a fluid and fluid composition

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US9719001B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2980191B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6067103B2 (zh)
KR (2) KR102002763B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN105189714B (zh)
BR (1) BR112015020797A2 (zh)
TW (1) TWI608091B (zh)
WO (1) WO2014156737A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101857425B1 (ko) * 2014-10-03 2018-05-15 제이엑스티지 에네루기 가부시키가이샤 윤활유 기유 및 냉동기유
US9683158B2 (en) * 2015-06-26 2017-06-20 Lanxess Solutions Us, Inc. Working fluids comprising fluorinated olefins and polyol esters
JP6615526B2 (ja) * 2015-07-31 2019-12-04 Jxtgエネルギー株式会社 冷凍機油、および冷凍機用作動流体組成物
JP6736019B2 (ja) * 2016-02-08 2020-08-05 Eneos株式会社 冷凍機、冷凍機の製造方法及びcopの向上方法
SG11201810717XA (en) * 2016-06-14 2018-12-28 Nof Corp Lubricant base oil
CN107964444A (zh) * 2016-10-20 2018-04-27 上海海立电器有限公司 一种冷冻机油组合物、流体组合物、压缩机及制冷设备
WO2018105575A1 (ja) * 2016-12-05 2018-06-14 日油株式会社 冷凍機油組成物およびこれを含有する冷凍機用作動流体組成物
JP7119083B2 (ja) * 2017-11-03 2022-08-16 カウンスィル オブ サイエンティフィック アンド インダストリアル リサーチ 環境に優しく生物分解性の潤滑剤配合物とその調製方法
FR3077822B1 (fr) 2018-02-15 2020-07-24 Arkema France Compositions de transfert de chaleur en remplacement du r-134a
FR3077773B1 (fr) 2018-02-15 2023-05-26 Arkema France Procede de chauffage et / ou de climatisation d’un vehicule
WO2019194195A1 (ja) * 2018-04-02 2019-10-10 Jxtgエネルギー株式会社 冷凍機、冷凍機油及び冷凍機用作動流体組成物
TWI699432B (zh) * 2018-11-09 2020-07-21 百達精密化學股份有限公司 基礎油及潤滑油

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102216438A (zh) * 2008-11-13 2011-10-12 科聚亚公司 用于制冷系统的润滑剂

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03252497A (ja) * 1990-02-28 1991-11-11 Tonen Corp 冷凍機用潤滑油
DE638630T1 (de) 1990-01-31 1995-11-30 Tonen Corp Ester als Schmiermittel für Haloalkangefriermittel.
ATE184310T1 (de) 1992-06-03 1999-09-15 Henkel Corp Polyol/ester-gemisch als schmiermittel für wärmeträgerflüssigkeiten in kälteanlagen
EP0648250B1 (en) 1992-06-03 1999-09-08 Henkel Corporation Blended polyol ester lubricants for refrigerant heat transfer fluids
US5922658A (en) 1996-09-06 1999-07-13 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Two-cycle engine oil formed from a blend of a complex alcohol ester and other basestocks
JP2009074018A (ja) * 2007-02-27 2009-04-09 Nippon Oil Corp 冷凍機油および冷凍機用作動流体組成物
JP5592597B2 (ja) * 2008-03-17 2014-09-17 Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 冷凍機油及び冷凍機用作動流体組成物
EP2486112B1 (en) * 2009-10-07 2015-10-21 Chemtura Corporation Polyolester lubricants for refrigeration systems
JP2012031239A (ja) * 2010-07-29 2012-02-16 Hitachi Appliances Inc 冷凍空調用圧縮機及び冷凍空調装置
JP5631702B2 (ja) 2010-11-10 2014-11-26 花王株式会社 潤滑油基油
JP5681659B2 (ja) * 2012-03-02 2015-03-11 Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 冷凍機用作動流体組成物、冷凍機油及びその製造方法
EP2878652B1 (en) * 2012-07-26 2018-02-28 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation Refrigerator oil and working fluid composition for refrigerators

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102216438A (zh) * 2008-11-13 2011-10-12 科聚亚公司 用于制冷系统的润滑剂

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2980191A4 (en) 2016-04-06
EP2980191A1 (en) 2016-02-03
KR20150138188A (ko) 2015-12-09
JP6067103B2 (ja) 2017-01-25
TW201439298A (zh) 2014-10-16
JPWO2014156737A1 (ja) 2017-02-16
CN105189714A (zh) 2015-12-23
CN105189714B (zh) 2018-07-17
KR20170081192A (ko) 2017-07-11
KR102002763B1 (ko) 2019-07-23
WO2014156737A1 (ja) 2014-10-02
EP2980191B1 (en) 2021-03-10
US9719001B2 (en) 2017-08-01
US20160053153A1 (en) 2016-02-25
BR112015020797A2 (pt) 2017-07-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
TWI608091B (zh) Freezer used as a fluid and fluid composition
TWI506130B (zh) The freezer is used as a moving fluid composition
KR102100613B1 (ko) 윤활유 기유, 냉동기유 및 냉동기용 작동 유체 조성물
KR101987631B1 (ko) 냉동기유 및 냉동기용 작동 유체 조성물
TWI613287B (zh) 冷凍機用作動流體組合物
KR101847373B1 (ko) 냉동기용 작동 유체 조성물 및 냉동기유