TWI599845B - 光阻材料及圖案形成方法 - Google Patents
光阻材料及圖案形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI599845B TWI599845B TW105132962A TW105132962A TWI599845B TW I599845 B TWI599845 B TW I599845B TW 105132962 A TW105132962 A TW 105132962A TW 105132962 A TW105132962 A TW 105132962A TW I599845 B TWI599845 B TW I599845B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 2
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- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 25
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- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- ZFDIRQKJPRINOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N transbutenic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC(=O)C=CC ZFDIRQKJPRINOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004205 trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0045—Photosensitive materials with organic non-macromolecular light-sensitive compounds not otherwise provided for, e.g. dissolution inhibitors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
- C07C303/32—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of salts of sulfonic acids
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Description
本發明係關於光阻材料及圖案形成方法。
伴隨LSI之高整合化與高速化,圖案規則之微細化急速進展。尤其,快閃記憶體市場之擴大與記憶容量之增大牽引著微細化。作為最先進的微細化技術,利用ArF微影所為之65nm節點之器件已進行量產,下一世代之ArF浸潤微影所為之45nm節點之量產準備正進行中。就下一世代之32nm節點而言,利用比起水有更高折射率之液體與高折射率透鏡、高折射率光阻材料組合而成的超高NA透鏡所為之浸潤微影、波長13.5nm之極端紫外線(EUV)微影、ArF微影之雙重曝光(雙重圖案化微影)等係候選者,並正在研究當中。
對於添加酸產生劑並照射光或電子束(EB)而使酸產生並引起脱保護反應之化學增幅正型光阻材料、及利用酸使交聯反應產生之化學增幅負型光阻材料而言,為了控制酸向未曝光部分之擴散並使對比度提高的目的,淬滅劑之添加效果非常有效。所以已有許多的胺淬滅劑被提出(專利文獻1~3)。
伴隨微細化進展且逼近光之繞射極限,光之對比度降低。由於光之對比降低,在正型光阻膜會發生孔圖案、溝渠圖案之解像性、對焦寬容度降低。
為了防止因為光之對比度降低導致光阻圖案之解像性降低之影響,已有人嘗試使光阻膜之溶解對比度改善。
有人提出利用因酸產生酸之酸增殖機構的化學增幅光阻材料。通常因為曝光量之增大,酸之濃度會以線形漸增,但酸增殖的情形,酸濃度會因應曝光量之增大而以非線形地急劇增大。酸增殖系統,有能夠更發揮化學增幅光阻膜之高對比度、高感度此類長處的好處,但是因胺之污染導致環境耐性劣化,且因酸擴散距離增大導致極限解像性降低,使得化學增幅光阻膜之缺點更劣化,所以欲將其供實用時,是非常難控制的機構。
為了提高對比度的另一方法,有伴隨曝光量增大而降低胺濃度之方法。針對此點,有人考慮採用因光而喪失作為淬滅劑之作用的化合物。
ArF用之(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物中採用之酸不安定基,會因為採用產生α位經氟取代之磺酸的光酸產生劑而進行脱保護反應,但產生α位未經氟取代之磺酸、羧酸之酸產生劑則不進行脱保護反應。若將產生α位經氟取代之磺酸之鋶鹽、錪鹽、和產生α位未經氟取代之磺酸之鋶鹽、錪鹽混合,則產生α位未經氟取代之磺酸之鋶鹽、錪鹽會和α位經氟取代之磺酸發生離子交換。因光而發生之α位經氟取代之磺酸,因為離子交換而回復成鋶鹽、錪鹽,故α位未經氟取代之磺酸、羧酸之鋶鹽、錪鹽係作為淬滅劑的作用。
又,產生α位未經氟取代之磺酸之鋶鹽、錪鹽,會因光分解而造成淬滅劑能喪失,故也作為光分解性淬滅劑之作用。結構式不明瞭,但顯示因光分解性淬滅劑之添加會擴大溝渠圖案之寬容度(非專利文獻3)。但是對於性能改善的影響微小,希望開發出對比度更改善之淬滅劑。
專利文獻4提出因光而產生有胺基之羧酸且其因酸而生成內醯胺導致鹼性降低之鎓鹽型之淬滅劑。利用因酸而降低鹼性之機構,在酸之發生量少之未曝光部分會因高鹼性而使酸之擴散受控制,在酸之發生量多之過曝光部分則因淬滅劑之鹼性降低導致酸擴散增大。藉此,能夠擴大曝光部與未曝光部之酸量之差距,對比度提高。
利用有機溶劑顯影形成負調之方法受人重視。原因在於欲以光曝光形成孔圖案時,以明亮圖案之遮罩與負型光阻之組合形成時能夠形成節距最小之孔圖案。在此,曝光後之曝光後烘烤(PEB)與顯影之間之放置時間(PPD:Post PEB Delay)導致顯影後之圖案之尺寸變化成為問題。原因據認為是PEB後之室溫放置中,酸會緩慢擴散到未曝光部分,且脱保護反應進行。為了解決PPD問題,使用高活化能量之保護基進行高溫之PEB係其中的一方法。PPD係在室溫反應,故和PEB之溫度差距越大,PPD之影響越可減輕。使用產生有大體積陰離子之酸之酸產生劑對於減少PPD之影響亦為有效。酸質子和陰離子係成對,但陰離子之尺寸越大,質子之跳躍(hopping)越可減小。
期待對於減少PPD之影響為有效的另一成分係淬滅劑。以往淬滅劑之開發,目的為減少在高溫之PEB中之酸擴散而改善脱保護反應之對比度,但是為了減少PPD之影響,希望改變觀點而開發能有效壓抑在室溫之酸擴散的淬滅劑。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1] 日本特開2001-194776號公報 [專利文獻2] 日本特開2002-226470號公報 [專利文獻3] 日本特開2002-363148號公報 [專利文獻4] 日本特開2015-90382號公報 [非專利文獻]
[非專利文獻1] SPIE Vol. 5039 p1 (2003) [非專利文獻2] SPIE Vol. 6520 p65203l-1 (2007) [非專利文獻3] SPIE Vol. 7639 p76390W (2010)
[發明欲解決之課題] 就如此的淬滅劑而言,希望相較於胺淬滅劑、磺酸、羧酸之鋶鹽、錪鹽等淬滅劑更能抑制於室溫之酸擴散,且溶解對比度更高,能更減小邊緣粗糙度(LW R)。
本發明有鑑於前述情事,目的在於提供於正型光阻材料、負型光阻材料皆為溶解對比度大,且LWR可為小,於PPD亦不生尺寸變化之光阻材料,並提供使用此材料之圖案形成方法。 [解決課題之方式]
本案發明人等為了達成前述目的而努力研究,結果發現到藉由使用含有經環狀烴基取代之胺基的磺酸的鋶鹽或錪鹽作為淬滅劑,可獲得LWR小、溶解對比度高,即使於PPD亦不生尺寸變化之光阻膜,乃完成本發明。
因此本發明提供下列光阻材料及使用此材料之圖案形成方法。 1. 一種光阻材料,包括:下式(A)表示之鋶鹽或錪鹽、及基礎聚合物; 【化1】式中,圓RA
係碳數3~12之環狀烴基,在該環之中也可以有醚基、酯基、硫醇基、碸基或雙鍵,也可係有橋環、或碳數6~10之芳基;R1
為氫原子、或碳數1~6之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烷基;m為0~5之整數;R2
為氫原子、碳數1~6之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烷基、乙醯基、甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、正丙氧羰基、異丙氧基羰基、第三丁氧基羰基、第三戊氧基羰基、甲基環戊氧基羰基、乙基環戊氧基羰基、甲基環己氧基羰基、乙基環己氧基羰基、9-茀基甲氧基羰基、烯丙氧基羰基、苯基、苄基、萘基、萘基甲基、甲氧基甲基、乙氧基甲基、丙氧基甲基、或丁氧基甲基; R3
為碳數1~24之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之伸烷基,也可以含有羥基、烷氧基、醚基、酯基、磺酸酯基、氰基、鹵素原子、雙鍵、參鍵或芳香族基;A+
為下式(B)表示之鋶陽離子或下式(C)表示之錪陽離子; 【化2】式中,R4
、R5
及R6
各自獨立地為碳數1~12之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烷基或側氧基烷基、碳數1~12之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烯基或側氧基烯基、碳數6~20之芳基、或碳數7~12之芳烷基或芳基側氧基烷基,且該等基之一部分或全部氫原子也可取代為醚基、酯基、羰基、碳酸酯基、羥基、羧基、鹵素原子、氰基、醯胺基、硝基、磺內酯基、磺酸酯基、碸基、硫醇基或含鋶鹽之取代基,也可R4
與R5
鍵結並和它們所鍵結之硫原子一起形成環;R7
及R8
各自獨立地為碳數6~20之芳基,且也可其一部分或全部氫原子取代成碳數1~10之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烷基或烷氧基。 2. 如1.之光阻材料,更包括產生磺酸、醯亞胺酸或甲基化酸之酸產生劑。 3. 如1.或2.之光阻材料,更包括有機溶劑。 4. 如1.至3.中任一項之光阻材料,其中,該基礎聚合物含有下式(a1)表示之重複單元或下式(a2)表示之重複單元; 【化3】式中,R11
及R13
各自獨立地為氫原子或甲基;R12
及R14
各自獨立地為酸不安定基;X為單鍵、酯基、伸苯基、伸萘基、或含內酯環之碳數1~12之連結基;Y為單鍵或酯基。 5. 如4.之光阻材料,更包括溶解抑制劑。 6. 如4.或5.之光阻材料,其係化學增幅正型光阻材料。 7. 如1.至3.中任一項之光阻材料,其中,該基礎聚合物不含酸不安定基。 8. 如7.之光阻材料,更含有交聯劑。 9. 如7.或8.之光阻材料,係化學增幅負型光阻材料。 10. 如1.至9.中任一項之光阻材料,其中,該基礎聚合物更含有選自下式(f1)~ (f3)表示之重複單元中之至少1個重複單元; 【化4】式中,R51
、R55
及R59
各自獨立地為氫原子或甲基;R52
為單鍵、伸苯基、-O-R63
-、或-C(=O)-Y1
-R63
-,Y1
為-O-或-NH-,R63
為也可含有羰基、酯基、醚基或羥基之碳數1~6之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之伸烷基或伸烯基、或伸苯基;R53
、 R54
、R56
、R57
、R58
、R60
、R61
及R62
各自獨立地為也可以含有羰基、酯基或醚基之碳數1~12之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烷基、或碳數6~12之芳基、碳數7~20之芳烷基、或巰基苯基;A1
為單鍵、-A0
-C(=O)-O-、-A0
-O-或-A0
-O-C(=O)-,A0
為也可含有羰基、酯基或醚基之碳數1~12之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之伸烷基;A2
為氫原子或三氟甲基;Z1
為單鍵、亞甲基、伸乙基、伸苯基、氟化之伸苯基、-O-R64
-、或-C(=O)-Z2
-R64
-,Z2
為-O-或-NH-,R64
為也可以含有羰基、酯基、醚基或羥基之碳數1~6之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之伸烷基或伸烯基、或伸苯基、氟化之伸苯基、或經三氟甲基取代之伸苯基;M-
表示非親核性相對離子;f1、f2及f3為符合0≦f1≦0.5、0≦f2≦0.5、0≦f3≦0.5、及0<f1+f2+f3≦0.5之正數。 11. 如1.至10.中任一項之光阻材料,更含有界面活性劑。 12. 一種圖案形成方法,包括以下步驟: 將如1.至11.中任一項之光阻材料塗佈在基板上; 加熱處理後以高能射線曝光;及 使用顯影液進行顯影。 13. 如12.之圖案形成方法,其中,該高能射線係波長193nm之ArF準分子雷射或波長248nm之KrF準分子雷射。 14. 如12.之圖案形成方法,其中,該高能射線係電子束或波長3~15nm之極端紫外線。 [發明之效果]
含有式(A)表示之鋶鹽或錪鹽之光阻膜因溶解對比度高,具有作為鹼顯影之正型光阻膜或負型光阻膜、及有機溶劑顯影之負型光阻膜的優良解像性與寬廣的對焦寬容度,且LWR小,於PPD不發生尺寸變化。
[光阻材料] 本發明之光阻材料包括含有經環狀烴基取代之胺基之磺酸之鋶鹽或錪鹽、及基礎聚合物。前述鋶鹽或錪鹽係因光照射而產生含有經環狀烴基取代之胺基之磺酸的酸產生劑,因為含有氮原子,故作為淬滅劑之作用。前述磺酸不具有引起酸不安定基之脱保護反應之程度之酸性度,故如後述,為了引起酸不安定基之脱保護反應,另外添加產生係強酸之α位經氟化之磺酸、醯亞胺酸或甲基化酸之酸產生劑係為有效。又,產生α位經氟化之磺酸、醯亞胺酸或甲基化酸之酸產生劑可為添加型,但也可為鍵結於基礎聚合物之鍵結(bound)型。
若於將前述產生含有經環狀烴基取代之胺基之磺酸的鋶鹽或錪鹽與產生超強酸之全氟烷基磺酸之酸產生劑混合之狀態進行光照射,會產生含有經環狀烴基取代之胺基之磺酸與全氟烷基磺酸。酸產生劑並不會完全分解,故在附近會存在未分解之酸產生劑。在此,若產生含有經環狀烴基取代之胺基之磺酸的鋶鹽或錪鹽與全氟烷基磺酸共存,會產生離子交換,生成全氟烷基磺酸之鋶鹽,並放出含有經環狀烴基取代之胺基之磺酸。原因在於就酸而言之強度較高之全氟烷基磺酸鹽較為安定。另一方面,即使有全氟烷基磺酸之鋶鹽與含有經環狀烴基取代之胺基之磺酸存在,亦不會發生離子交換。此由於酸強度之序列引起的離子交換,不只是鋶鹽,在錪鹽的情形也同樣會發生。不只是全氟烷基磺酸,比起含有經環狀烴基取代之胺基之磺酸有更強的酸強度的芳基磺酸、烷基磺酸、醯亞胺酸、甲基化酸等也會發生同樣的離子交換。
本發明必需包括含有經環狀烴基取代之胺基之磺酸之鋶鹽或錪鹽,但也可以另外添加其他的鋶鹽或錪鹽作為淬滅劑。此時作為淬滅劑添加之鋶鹽、錪鹽宜為羧酸、磺酸、醯亞胺酸、糖精等鋶鹽、錪鹽。此時之羧酸,α位亦可未經氟化。
前述含有經環狀烴基取代之胺基之磺酸之鋶鹽或錪鹽獲致之對比度改善效果,無論是利用鹼顯影所為之正圖案形成、負圖案形成、有機溶劑顯影之負圖案形成皆有效。
[含有經環狀烴基取代之胺基之磺酸] 前述含有經環狀烴基取代之胺基之磺酸之鋶鹽或錪鹽以下式(A)表示。 【化5】
式中,圓RA
為碳數3~12之環狀烴基,該環之中也可以有醚基、酯基、硫醇基、碸基或雙鍵,且可為有橋環、或碳數6~10之芳基。
R1
為氫原子、或碳數1~6之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烷基。m為0~5之整數。
R2
為氫原子、碳數1~6之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烷基、乙醯基、甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、正丙氧基羰基基、異丙氧基羰基、第三丁氧基羰基、第三戊氧基羰基、甲基環戊氧基羰基、乙基環戊氧基羰基、甲基環己氧基羰基、乙基環己氧基羰基、9-茀基甲氧基羰基、烯丙氧基羰基、苯基、苄基、萘基、萘基甲基、甲氧基甲基、乙氧基甲基、丙氧基甲基、或丁氧基甲基。
R3
為碳數1~24之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之伸烷基,也可以含有羥基、烷氧基、醚基、酯基、磺酸酯基、氰基、鹵素原子、雙鍵、參鍵或芳香族基。
A+
為下式(B)表示之鋶陽離子或下式(C)表示之錪陽離子。 【化6】
式中,R4
、R5
及R6
各自獨立地為碳數1~12之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烷基或側氧基烷基、碳數1~12之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烯基或側氧基烯基、碳數6~20之芳基、或碳數7~12之芳烷基或芳基側氧基烷基,且該等基之一部分或全部氫原子也可取代為醚基、酯基、羰基、碳酸酯基、羥基、羧基、鹵素原子、氰基、醯胺基、硝基、磺內酯基、磺酸酯基、碸基、硫醇基或含鋶鹽之取代基,也可R4
與R5
鍵結並和它們所鍵結之硫原子一起形成環。
R7
及R8
各自獨立地為碳數6~20之芳基,其一部分或全部氫原子也可取代為碳數1~10之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烷基或烷氧基。
式(A)表示之鋶鹽或錪鹽之陰離子部分可列舉如下但不限於此等。 【化7】
【化8】
【化9】
【化10】
【化11】
【化12】
式(B)表示之鋶陽離子可列舉如下但不限於此等。 【化13】
【化14】
【化15】
【化16】
【化17】
【化18】
【化19】
【化20】
式(C)表示之錪陽離子可列舉如下但不限於此等。 【化21】
式(A)表示之鋶鹽或錪鹽之合成方法可列舉將下式(A’)表示之磺酸和比起該磺酸為較弱酸之鋶鹽或錪鹽進行離子交換之方法。比起如此的磺酸更弱之酸可列舉碳酸。或也可將下式(A’)表示之磺酸之鈉鹽和氯化鋶或氯化錪進行離子交換而合成。 【化22】式中,RA
、R1
~R3
、及m同前述。
式(A’)表示之磺酸也可使用市售品。
本發明之光阻材料中,式(A)表示之鋶鹽或錪鹽之摻合量,考量感度與酸擴散抑制效果,相對於基礎聚合物100質量份宜為0.001~50質量份較理想,0.01~20質量份更理想。
[基礎聚合物] 本發明之光阻材料中含有的基礎聚合物,於正型光阻材料的情形,包括含酸不安定基之重複單元。作為含有酸不安定基之重複單元,宜為下式(a1)表示之重複單元(以下稱為重複單元a1)、或式(a2)表示之重複單元(以下稱為重複單元a2)較佳。 【化23】
式中,R11
及R13
各自獨立地為氫原子或甲基。R12
及R14
各自獨立地為酸不安定基。X為單鍵、酯基、伸苯基、伸萘基、或含內酯環之碳數1~12之連結基,但宜為單鍵、伸苯基、或伸萘基為較佳。Y為單鍵或酯基,但單鍵為較佳。
重複單元a1可列舉如下但不限於此等。又,下式中,R11
及R12
同前述。 【化24】
重複單元a1及a2中之R12
及R14
表示之酸不安定基有各種可以選擇,例如可使用日本特開2013-80033號公報、日本特開2013-83821號公報記載之酸不安定基。
典型上,前述酸不安定基可列舉下式(AL-1)~(AL-3)表示者。 【化25】
式(AL-1)及(AL-2)中,R15
及R18
為碳數1~40,尤其1~20之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烷基等1價烴基,也可以含有氧原子、硫原子、氮原子、氟原子等雜原子。R16
及R17
各自獨立地為氫原子、或碳數1~20之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烷基等1價烴基,也可以含有氧原子、硫原子、氮原子、氟原子等雜原子。A1為0~10,尤其1~5之整數。R16
與R17
、R16
與R18
、或R17
與R18
也可互相鍵結並和它們所鍵結之碳原子或碳原子與氧原子一起形成碳數3~20,較佳為4~16之環,尤其脂環。
式(AL-3)中,R19
、R20
及R21
各自獨立地為碳數1~20之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烷基等1價烴基,也可以含有氧原子、硫原子、氮原子、氟原子等雜原子。R19
與R20
、R19
與R21
、或R20
與R21
也可以互相鍵結並和它們所鍵結之碳原子一起形成碳數3~20,較佳為4~16之環,尤其脂環。
前述基礎聚合物也可以更包括含作為密合性基之苯酚性羥基之重複單元b。 給予重複單元b之單體可列舉如下但不限於此等。
【化26】
前述基礎聚合物也可以更包括含其他之作為密合性基之羥基、內酯環、醚基、酯基、羰基或氰基之重複單元c。給予重複單元c之單體可列舉如下但不限於此等。
【化27】
【化28】
【化29】
【化30】
【化31】
【化32】
【化33】
【化34】
為含羥基之單體時,聚合時可先將羥基以乙氧基乙氧基等易以酸脱保護之縮醛基取代,於聚合後利用弱酸與水進行脱保護,也可先以乙醯基、甲醯基、三甲基乙醯基等取代,於聚合後進行鹼水解。
前述基礎聚合物也可以更含有來自茚、苯并呋喃、苯并噻吩、乙烯合萘、色酮、香豆素、降莰二烯或該等之衍生物之重複單元d。作為給予重複單元d之單體可列舉如下但不限於此等。
【化35】
前述基礎聚合物也可以更含有來自苯乙烯、乙烯基萘、乙烯基蒽、乙烯基芘、亞甲基二氫茚、乙烯基吡啶、乙烯基咔唑等之重複單元e。
前述基礎聚合物也可以更包括來自含聚合性烯烴之鎓鹽的重複單元f。日本特開2005-84365號公報提出包括產生特定磺酸之聚合性烯烴的鋶鹽、錪鹽。在日本特開2006-178317號公報提出磺酸直接鍵結於主鏈之鋶鹽。
理想的重複單元f可列舉下式(f1)~(f3)表示之重複單元(以下各稱為重複單元f1、重複單元f2、重複單元f3)。又,重複單元f1~f3可單獨使用1種也可組合使用2種以上。 【化36】
式中,R51
、R55
及R59
各自獨立地為氫原子或甲基。R52
為單鍵、伸苯基、-O-R63
-、或-C(=O)-Y1
-R63
-,Y1
為-O-或-NH-,R63
為也可以含有羰基、酯基、醚基或羥基之碳數1~6之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之伸烷基或伸烯基、或伸苯基。R53
、R54
、R56
、R57
、R58
、R60
、R61
及R62
各自獨立地為也可以含有羰基、酯基或醚基之碳數1~12之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烷基、或碳數6~12之芳基、碳數7~20之芳烷基、或巰基苯基。A1
為單鍵、-A0
-C(=O)-O-、-A0
-O-或-A0
-O-C(= O)-,A0
為也可以含有羰基、酯基或醚基之碳數1~12之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之伸烷基。A2
為氫原子或三氟甲基。Z1
為單鍵、亞甲基、伸乙基、伸苯基、氟化之伸苯基、-O-R64
-、或-C(=O)-Z2
-R64
-,Z2
為-O-或-NH-,R64
為也可以含有羰基、酯基、醚基或羥基之碳數1~6之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之伸烷基或伸烯基、或伸苯基、氟化之伸苯基、或經三氟甲基取代之伸苯基。M-
表示非親核性相對離子。f1、f2及f3為符合0≦f1≦0.5、0≦f2≦0.5、0≦f3≦0.5、及0<f1+f2+f3≦0.5之正數。
作為給予重複單元f1之單體可列舉如下但不限於此等。又,下式中,M-
表示非親核性相對離子。 【化37】
作為M-
表示之非親核性相對離子,可舉例如:氯化物離子、溴化物離子等鹵化物離子、三氟甲烷磺酸根、1,1,1-三氟乙烷磺酸根、九氟丁烷磺酸根等氟烷基磺酸根、甲苯磺酸根、苯磺酸根、4-氟苯磺酸根、1,2,3,4,5-五氟苯磺酸根等芳基磺酸根、甲磺酸根、丁烷磺酸根等烷基磺酸根、雙(三氟甲基磺醯基)醯亞胺、雙(全氟乙基磺醯基)醯亞胺、雙(全氟丁基磺醯基)醯亞胺等醯亞胺酸、參(三氟甲基磺醯基)甲基化物、參(全氟乙基磺醯基)甲基化物等甲基化酸。
前述非親核性相對離子可更列舉下式(K-1)表示之α位經氟取代之磺酸離子、 下式(K-2)表示之α及β位經氟取代之磺酸離子等。 【化38】
式(K-1)中,R65
為氫原子、碳數1~20之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基、或碳數6~20之芳基,也可以含有醚基、酯基、羰基、內酯環或氟原子。
式(K-2)中,R66
為氫原子、碳數1~30之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之烷基、醯基、碳數2~20之烯基、碳數6~20之芳基、或芳氧基,也可以含有醚基、酯基、羰基或內酯環。
作為給予重複單元f2之單體可列舉如下但不限於此等。 【化39】
【化40】
【化41】
【化42】
【化43】
作為給予重複單元f3之單體可列舉如下但不限於此等。 【化44】
【化45】
藉由使酸產生劑鍵結於聚合物主鏈,能減小酸擴散並防止因為酸擴散之模糊導致解像性降低。又,酸產生劑均勻地分散,能夠使邊緣粗糙度有所改善。又,使用含有選自重複單元f1~f3中之至少1個重複單元之基礎聚合物時,可省略後述光酸產生劑之摻合。
正型光阻材料用之基礎聚合物必需有含酸不安定基之重複單元a1或a2。於此情形,重複單元a1、a2、b、c、d、e、f1、f2及f3之含有比率為0≦a1<1.0、0≦a2<1.0、0<a1+a2<1.0、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.9、0≦d≦0.8、0≦e≦0.8、0≦f1≦0.5、0≦f2≦0.5、及0≦f3≦0.5較理想,0≦a1≦0.9、0≦a2≦0.9、0.1≦a1+a2≦0.9、0≦b≦0.8、0≦c≦0.8、0≦d≦0.7、0≦e≦0.7、0≦f1≦0.4、0≦f2≦0.4、及0≦f3≦0.4更佳,0≦a1≦0.8、0≦a2≦0.8、0.1≦a1+a2≦0.8、0≦b≦0.75、0≦c≦0.75、0≦d≦0.6、0≦e≦0.6、0≦f1≦0.3、0≦f2≦0.3、及0≦f3≦0.3更理想。又,a1+a2+b+c+d+e+f1+f2+f3=1.0。
另一方面,負型光阻材料用之基礎聚合物並不一定需要酸不安定基。如此的基礎聚合物可列舉含有重複單元b且視需要更含有重複單元c、d、e、f1、f2及/或f3者。該等重複單元之含有比率為0<b≦1.0、0≦c≦0.9、0≦d≦0.8、0≦e≦0.8、0≦f1≦0.5、0≦f2≦0.5、及0≦f3≦0.5,較佳為0.2≦b≦1.0、0≦c≦0.8、0≦d≦0.7、0≦e≦0.7、0≦f1≦0.4、0≦f2≦0.4、及0≦f3≦0.4,又更佳為0.3≦b≦1.0、0≦c≦0.75、0≦d≦0.6、0≦e≦0.6、0≦f1≦0.3、0≦f2≦0.3、及0≦f3≦0.3。又,b+c+d+e+f1+f2+f3=1.0。
為了合成前述基礎聚合物,例如可將給予前述重複單元之單體在有機溶劑中,添加自由基聚合起始劑進行加熱聚合。
聚合時使用之有機溶劑可列舉甲苯、苯、四氫呋喃、二乙醚、二烷等。聚合起始劑可列舉2,2’-偶氮雙異丁腈(AIBN)、2,2’-偶氮雙(2,4-二甲基戊腈)、2,2-偶氮雙(2-甲基丙酸)二甲酯、過氧化苯甲醯、過氧化月桂醯等。聚合時之溫度較佳為50~80℃。反應時間較佳為2~100小時,更佳為5~20小時。
將羥基苯乙烯、羥基乙烯基萘進行共聚合時,也可將羥基苯乙烯、羥基乙烯基萘替換成使用乙醯氧基苯乙烯、乙醯氧基乙烯基萘,聚合後以前述鹼水解將乙醯氧基脱保護而成為羥基苯乙烯、羥基乙烯基萘。
鹼水解時之鹼可使用氨水、三乙胺等。又,反應溫度較佳為-20~100℃,更佳為0~60℃。反應時間較佳為0.2~100小時,更佳為0.5~20小時。
前述基礎聚合物使用四氫呋喃(THF)作為溶劑之凝膠滲透層析(GPC)獲得之聚苯乙烯換算重量平均分子量(Mw)較佳為1,000~500,000,更佳為2,000~30,000。Mw若太小,光阻材料的耐熱性不佳,若太大則鹼溶解性降低,且圖案形成後易生拖尾現象。
又,前述基礎聚合物之分子量分布(Mw/Mn)廣時,存在低分子量、高分子量之聚合物,故曝光後會有圖案上出現異物、或圖案之形狀惡化之虞。隨著圖案規則微細化,Mw、分子量分布之影響會容易增大,故為了獲得適合微細圖案尺寸的光阻材料,前述基礎聚合物之分子量分布為1.0~2.0,尤其1.0~1.5之窄分散較佳。
前述基礎聚合物也可以含有組成比率、Mw、分子量分布不同的2種以上之聚合物。
[酸產生劑] 藉由在含有式(A)表示之鋶鹽或錪鹽及前述基礎聚合物之光阻材料中添加酸產生劑,可作為化學增幅正型光阻材料或化學增幅負型光阻材料之作用。前述酸產生劑,例如感應活性光線或放射線而產酸之化合物(光酸產生劑)。光酸產生劑只要是因高能射線照射產酸之化合物皆可,但宜為產生磺酸、醯亞胺酸或甲基化酸者較佳。理想的光酸產生劑有鋶鹽、錪鹽、磺醯基重氮甲烷、N-磺醯氧基醯亞胺、肟-O-磺酸酯型酸產生劑等。光酸產生劑之具體例可列舉日本特開200 8-111103號公報之段落[0122]~[0142]記載者。
又,光酸產生劑可理想地使用下式(1)或(2)表示者。 【化46】
式(1)中,R101
、R102
及R103
各自獨立地表示也可以含有雜原子之碳數1~20之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之1價烴基。又,也可R101
、R102
及R103
中的任二者以上互相鍵結並和它們所鍵結之硫原子一起形成環。
式(1)中,X-
表示選自下式(1A)~(1D)之陰離子。 【化47】
式(1A)中,Rfa
表示氟原子、或也可以含有雜原子之碳數1~40之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之1價烴基。
式(1A)表示之陰離子宜為下式(1A’)表示者較佳。 【化48】
式(1A’)中,R104
表示氫原子或三氟甲基,較佳為三氟甲基。R105
表示也可以含有雜原子之碳數1~38之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之1價烴基。前述雜原子宜為氧原子、氮原子、硫原子、鹵素原子等較理想,氧原子更理想。前述1價烴基從考量在微細圖案形成時之高解像性之觀點,尤其碳數6~30者較佳。前述1價烴基可列舉甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、戊基、新戊基、環戊基、己基、環己基、3-環己烯基、庚基、2-乙基己基、壬基、十一基、十三基、十五基、十七基、1-金剛烷基、2-金剛烷基、1-金剛烷基甲基、降莰基、降莰基甲基、三環癸基、四環十二基、四環十二基甲基、二環己基甲基、二十基、烯丙基、苄基、二苯基甲基、四氫呋喃基、甲氧基甲基、乙氧基甲基、甲硫基甲基、乙醯胺甲基、三氟乙基、(2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲基、乙醯氧基甲基、2-羧基-1-環己基、2-側氧基丙基、4-側氧基-1-金剛烷基、3-側氧基環己基等。又,該等基之一部分氫原子也可取代為含氧原子、硫原子、氮原子、鹵素原子等雜原子之基,或該等基之一部分之碳原子間也可插入含氧原子、硫原子、氮原子等雜原子之基,其結果也可以含有羥基、氰基、羰基、醚基、酯基、磺酸酯基、碳酸酯基、內酯環、磺內酯環、羧酸酐、鹵烷基等。
關於含式(1A’)表示之陰離子之鋶鹽之合成,詳見日本特開2007-145797號公報、日本特開2008-106045號公報、日本特開2009-7327號公報、日本特開2009- 258695號公報等。又,日本特開2010-215608號公報、日本特開2012-41320號公報、日本特開2012-106986號公報、日本特開2012-153644號公報等記載之鋶鹽也可適用。
含式(1A)表示之陰離子之鋶鹽可列舉如下但不限於此等。又,下式中,Ac表示乙醯基、Ph表示苯基。 【化49】
【化50】
【化51】
式(1B)中,Rfb1
及Rfb2
各自獨立地表示氟原子、或也可以含有雜原子之碳數1~40之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之1價烴基。前述1價烴基可列舉和就前述R105
之説明中列舉者為同樣者。Rfb1
及Rfb2
較佳為氟原子或碳數1~4之直鏈狀氟化烷基。又,Rfb1
與Rfb2
也可互相鍵結並和它們所鍵結之基(-CF2
-SO2
-N-
-SO2
-CF2
-)一起形成環,尤其以氟化伸乙基或氟化伸丙基形成環結構者較佳。
式(1C)中,Rfc1
、Rfc2
及Rfc3
各自獨立地表示氟原子、或也可以含有雜原子之碳數1~40之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之1價烴基。前述1價烴基可列舉和就前述R105
之説明中列舉者為同樣者。Rfc1
、Rfc2
及Rfc3
較佳為氟原子或碳數1~4之直鏈狀氟化烷基。又,Rfc1
與Rfc2
也可互相鍵結並和它們所鍵結之基(-CF2
-SO2
-C-
- SO2
-CF2
-)一起形成環,尤其以氟化伸乙基、氟化伸丙基形成環結構較佳。
式(1D)中,Rfd
表示也可以含有雜原子之碳數1~40之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之1價烴基。前述1價烴基可列舉和就前述R105
之説明中列舉者為同樣者。
關於含式(1D)表示之陰離子之鋶鹽之合成詳見日本特開2010-215608號公報及特開2014-133723號公報。
含式(1D)表示之陰離子之鋶鹽可列舉如下但不限於此等。又,下式中,Ph表示苯基。 【化52】
【化53】
又,含式(1D)表示之陰離子之光酸產生劑在磺基之α位不具氟,但因為β位有2個三氟甲基,故具有將光阻聚合物中之酸不安定基切斷所需的充分酸性度。故可作為光酸產生劑使用。
式(2)中,R201
及R202
各自獨立地表示也可以含有雜原子之碳數1~30之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之1價烴基。R203
表示也可以含有雜原子之碳數1~30之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之2價烴基。又,R201
、R202
及R203
中的任二者以上也可以互相鍵結並和它們所鍵結之硫原子一起形成環。LA
表示單鍵、醚基、或也可以含有雜原子之碳數1~20之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之2價烴基。XA
、XB
、XC
及XD
各自獨立地表示氫原子、氟原子或三氟甲基。惟XA
、XB
、XC
及XD
中的至少一者表示氫原子以外之取代基。k表示0~3之整數。
前述1價烴基可列舉甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、第三戊基、正戊基、正己基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基、環戊基、環己基、2-乙基己基、環戊基甲基、環戊基乙基、環戊基丁基、環己基甲基、環己基乙基、環己基丁基、降莰基、氧雜降莰基、三環[5.2.1.02,6
]癸基、金剛烷基、苯基、萘基、蒽基等。又,該等基之一部分氫原子也可取代氧原子、硫原子、氮原子、鹵素原子等雜原子,或一部分碳原子也可取代為氧原子、硫原子、氮原子等雜原子,其結果也可以含有羥基、氰基、羰基、醚鍵、酯鍵、磺酸酯鍵、碳酸酯鍵、內酯環、磺內酯環、羧酸酐、鹵烷基等。
前述2價烴基可列舉亞甲基、伸乙基、丙烷-1,3-二基、丁烷-1,4-二基、戊烷-1,5-二基、己烷-1,6-二基、庚烷-1,7-二基、辛烷-1,8-二基、壬烷-1,9-二基、癸烷-1,10-二基、十一烷-1,11-二基、十二烷-1,12-二基、十三烷-1,13-二基、十四烷-1,14-二基、十五烷-1,15-二基、十六烷-1,16-二基、十七烷-1,17-二基等直鏈狀烷二基;環戊烷二基、環己烷二基、降莰烷二基、金剛烷二基等飽和環狀2價烴基;伸苯基、伸萘基等不飽和環狀2價烴基等。又,該等基之一部分氫原子也可取代為甲基、乙基、丙基、正丁基、第三丁基等烷基。又,該等基之一部分氫原子也可取代為含氧原子、硫原子、氮原子、鹵素原子等雜原子之基,或在該等基之一部分之碳原子間也可插入含氧原子、硫原子、氮原子等雜原子之基,其結果也可含有羥基、氰基、羰基、醚基、酯基、磺酸酯基、碳酸酯基、內酯環、磺內酯環、羧酸酐、鹵烷基等。前述雜原子宜為氧原子較佳
式(2)表示之光酸產生劑宜為下式(2’)表示者較佳。 【化54】
式(2’)中,LA
同前述。R表示氫原子或三氟甲基,較佳為三氟甲基。R301
、R302
及R303
各自獨立地表示氫原子、或也可以含有雜原子之碳數1~20之直鏈狀、分支狀或環狀之1價烴基。前述1價烴基可列舉和就前述R105
之説明列舉者為同樣者。x及y各自獨立地表示0~5之整數,z表示0~4之整數。
式(2)表示之光酸產生劑可列舉如下但不限於此等。又,下式中,R同前述,Me表示甲基。 【化55】
【化56】
【化57】
前述光酸產生劑之中,含式(1A’)或(1D)表示之陰離子者,酸擴散小且對於光阻溶劑之溶解性優良,特別理想。又,含式(2’)表示之陰離子者,酸擴散極小,尤其理想。
酸產生劑之摻合量相對於基礎聚合物100質量份為0.1~50質量份較理想,1~ 40質量份更理想。
[其他成分] 藉由在包括式(A)表示之鋶鹽或錪鹽、基礎聚合物及酸產生劑之化學增幅正型光阻材料或化學增幅負型光阻材料中,因應目的而適當組合並摻合有機溶劑、界面活性劑、溶解抑制劑、交聯劑等而構成正型光阻材料及負型光阻材料,於曝光部,前述基礎聚合物因觸媒反應而加快對於顯影液之溶解速度,所以能成為極高感度之正型光阻材料及負型光阻材料。於此情形,光阻膜之溶解對比度及解像性高,有曝光餘裕度,處理適應性優異,曝光後之圖案形狀良好,且特別能夠抑制酸擴散,故疏密尺寸差小,基於該等觀點故實用性高,作為超LSI用光阻材料非常有效。尤其,若含有酸產生劑且成為利用了酸觸媒反應之化學增幅正型光阻材料,能成為更高感度者,各特性更為優良,極為有用。
為正型光阻材料的情形,藉由摻合溶解抑制劑,曝光部與未曝光部之溶解速度之差可更為增大,解像度能更改善。為負型光阻材料的情形,藉由添加交聯劑,使曝光部之溶解速度降低,能獲得負圖案。
前述有機溶劑可以列舉在日本特開2008-111103號公報之段落[0144]~[0145]記載之環己酮、環戊酮、甲基-2-正戊酮等酮類、3-甲氧基丁醇、3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁醇、1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、1-乙氧基-2-丙醇等醇類、丙二醇單甲醚、乙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單乙醚、乙二醇單乙醚、丙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二甲醚等醚類、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、丙二醇單乙醚乙酸酯、乳酸乙酯、丙酮酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、乙酸第三丁酯、丙酸第三丁酯、丙二醇單第三丁醚乙酸酯等酯類、γ-丁內酯等內酯類、及該等之混合溶劑。
前述有機溶劑之摻合量相對於基礎聚合物100質量份為100~10,000質量份較理想,200~8,000質量份更理想。
前述界面活性劑可以列舉日本特開2008-111103號公報之段落[0165]~[0166]記載者。藉由添加界面活性劑,能更改善或控制光阻材料之塗佈性。界面活性劑之摻合量相對於基礎聚合物100質量份為0.0001~10質量份為較佳。
前述溶解抑制劑的分子量較佳為100~1,000,更佳為150~800,且可列舉在分子內含有2個以上之苯酚性羥基之化合物之該苯酚性羥基之氫原子以就全體而言為0~100莫耳%之比例取代為酸不安定基而得之化合物,或在分子內含羧基之化合物之該羧基之氫原子以就全體而言為平均50~100莫耳%之比例取代為酸不安定基而得之化合物。具體而言,可列舉雙酚A、參苯酚、苯酚酚酞、甲酚酚醛清漆、萘羧酸、金剛烷羧酸、膽酸(cholic acid)之羥基、羧基之氫原子取代為酸不安定基之化合物等,例如記載於日本特開2008-122932號公報之段落[0155]~ [0178]。
溶解抑制劑之摻合量,於為正型光阻材料之情形,相對於基礎聚合物100質量份為0~50質量份較理想,5~40質量份更理想。
交聯劑可列舉經選自羥甲基、烷氧基甲基及醯氧基甲基中之至少1個基取代之環氧化合物、三聚氰胺化合物、胍胺化合物、甘脲化合物或脲化合物、異氰酸酯化合物、疊氮化合物、含烯醚基等雙鍵之化合物等。它們可作為添加劑使用,也可以導入到聚合物側鏈作為懸吊基。又,也可以將含羥基之化合物作為交聯劑使用。
前述環氧化合物可以列舉參(2,3-環氧丙基)異氰尿酸酯、三羥甲基甲烷三環氧丙醚、三羥甲基丙烷三環氧丙醚、三羥乙基乙烷三環氧丙醚等。
前述三聚氰胺化合物可列舉六羥甲基三聚氰胺、六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺、六羥甲基三聚氰胺之1~6個羥甲基經甲氧基甲基化而得之化合物或其混合物、六甲氧基乙基三聚氰胺、六醯氧基甲基三聚氰胺、六羥甲基三聚氰胺之1~6個羥甲基經醯氧基甲基化而得之化合物或其混合物等。
胍胺化合物可以列舉四羥甲基胍胺、四甲氧基甲基胍胺、四羥甲基胍胺之1~4個羥甲基經甲氧基甲基化而得之化合物或其混合物、四甲氧基乙基胍胺、四醯氧基胍胺、四羥甲基胍胺之1~4個羥甲基經醯氧基甲基化而得之化合物或其混合物等。
甘脲化合物可列舉四羥甲基甘脲、四甲氧基甘脲、四甲氧基甲基甘脲、四羥甲基甘脲之1~4個羥甲基經甲氧基甲基化而得之化合物或其混合物、四羥甲基甘脲之1~4個羥甲基經醯氧基甲基化而得之化合物或其混合物等。脲化合物可列舉四羥甲基脲、四甲氧基甲基脲、四羥甲基脲之1~4個羥甲基經甲氧基甲基化而得之化合物或其混合物、四甲氧基乙基脲等。
異氰酸酯化合物可以列舉甲伸苯基二異氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯、六亞甲基二異氰酸酯、環己烷二異氰酸酯等。
疊氮化物化合物可以列舉1,1’-聯苯-4,4’-雙疊氮化物、4,4’-亞甲基雙疊氮化物、4,4’-氧基雙疊氮化物。
含有烯醚基之化合物可列舉乙二醇二乙烯醚、三乙二醇二乙烯醚、1,2-丙二醇二乙烯醚、1,4-丁二醇二乙烯醚、四亞甲基二醇二乙烯醚、新戊二醇二乙烯醚、三羥甲基丙烷三乙烯醚、己烷二醇二乙烯醚、1,4-環己烷二醇二乙烯醚、新戊四醇三乙烯醚、新戊四醇四乙烯醚、山梨醇四乙烯醚、山梨醇五乙烯醚、三羥甲基丙烷三乙烯醚等。
交聯劑之摻合量,於為負型光阻材料的情形,相對於基礎聚合物100質量份為0.1~50質量份較理想,1~40質量份更理想。
本發明之光阻材料中也可以摻合式(A)表示之鋶鹽以外之淬滅劑(以下稱為其他淬滅劑)。其他的淬滅劑可列舉習知型之鹼性化合物。習知型之鹼性化合物可列舉1級、2級、3級之脂肪族胺類、混成胺類、芳香族胺類、雜環胺類、具羧基之含氮化合物、具磺醯基之含氮化合物、具羥基之含氮化合物、具羥基苯基之含氮化合物、醇性含氮化合物、醯胺類、醯亞胺類、胺甲酸酯類等。尤其日本特開2008-111103號公報之段落[0146]~[0164]記載之1級、2級、3級胺化合物,尤其具羥基、醚基、酯基、內酯環、氰基、磺酸酯基之胺化合物或日本專利第3790649號公報記載之具胺甲酸酯基之化合物等較佳。藉由添加如此的鹼性化合物,例如能更抑制酸在光阻膜中之擴散速度、或校正形狀。
又,作為其他的淬滅劑,可列舉日本特開2008-158339號公報記載之α位未經氟化之磺酸及羧酸之鋶鹽、錪鹽、銨鹽等鎓鹽。α位經氟化之磺酸、醯亞胺酸或甲基化酸,對於使羧酸酯之酸不安定基脱保護為必要,會因為和α位未氟化之鎓鹽之鹽交換而放出α位未氟化之磺酸或羧酸。因為不使α位未氟化之磺酸及羧酸發生脱保護反應,係作為淬滅劑之作用。
其他淬滅劑可更列舉日本特開2008-239918號公報記載之聚合物型淬滅劑。其藉由配向在塗佈後之光阻表面而提高圖案後之光阻之矩形性。聚合物型淬滅劑也有防止採用浸潤曝光用之保護膜時之圖案之膜損失、圖案頂部圓化的效果。
其他淬滅劑之摻合量相對於基礎聚合物100質量份宜為0~5質量份較理想,0~4質量份更理想。
本發明之光阻材料中,也可以摻合為了使旋塗後之光阻表面之撥水性改善之高分子化合物(撥水性改善劑)。撥水性改善劑可使用在不採用面塗之浸潤微影。撥水性改善劑宜為含氟化烷基之高分子化合物、有特定結構之含1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2-丙醇殘基之高分子化合物等較理想,日本特開2007-297590號公報、日本特開2008-111103號公報等中有例示。前述撥水性改善劑需溶於有機溶劑顯影液。 前述特定之具1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2-丙醇殘基之撥水性改善劑對於顯影液之溶解性良好。就撥水性改善劑而言,包括含胺基、胺鹽之重複單元之高分子化合物防止酸在PEB中蒸發且防止顯影後之孔圖案之開口不良之效果高。撥水性改善劑之摻合量,相對於基礎聚合物100質量份為0~20質量份較理想,0.5~10質量份更理想。
本發明之光阻材料中也可以摻合乙炔醇類。前述乙炔醇類可以列舉在日本特開2008-122932號公報之段落[0179]~[0182]記載者。乙炔醇類之摻合量相對於基礎聚合物100質量份為0~5質量份較佳。
[圖案形成方法] 本發明之光阻材料使用在各種積體電路製造時,可適用公知之微影技術。
例如:本發明之正型光阻材料利用旋塗、輥塗、流塗、浸塗、噴塗、刮刀塗佈等適當塗佈方法塗佈在積體電路製造用之基板(Si、SiO2
、SiN、SiON、TiN、WSi、BPSG、SOG、有機抗反射膜等)或遮罩電路製造用之基板(Cr、CrO、CrON、MoSi、SiO2
等)上,使塗佈膜厚成為0.1~2.0μm。將其於熱板上,較佳為於60~150℃進行10秒~30分鐘,更佳為於80~120℃進行30秒~20分鐘預烘。其次,以紫外線、遠紫外線、EB、EUV、X射線、軟X射線、準分子雷射、γ射線、同步加速放射線等高能射線,將目的圖案通過預定之遮罩曝光或直接曝光。進行曝光以曝光量為約1~200mJ/cm2
,尤其約10~100mJ/cm2
、或約0.1~100μC/cm2
,尤其0.5~50 μC/cm2
較佳。然後在熱板上,較佳為於60~150℃進行10秒~30分鐘,更佳為於80~ 120℃進行30秒~20分鐘PEB。
進一步,使用0.1~10質量%,較佳為2~5質量%之四甲基氫氧化銨(TMAH)、四乙基氫氧化銨(TEAH)、四丙基氫氧化銨(TPAH)、四丁基氫氧化銨(TBAH)等鹼水溶液之顯影液,依浸漬(dip)法、浸置(puddle)法、噴塗(spray)法等常法進行顯影3秒~3分鐘,較佳為5秒~2分鐘,將已照光之部分溶於顯影液,未曝光之部分不溶解,在基板上形成目的之正型圖案。負光阻的情形和正光阻的情形相反,亦即,已照光之部分不溶於顯影液,未曝光之部分則溶解。又,本發明之光阻材料尤其適合高能射線之中之KrF準分子雷射、ArF準分子雷射、EB、EUV、X射線、軟X射線、γ射線、同步加速放射線所為之微細圖案化。
也可使用包括含酸不安定基之基礎聚合物之正型光阻材料,以有機溶劑顯影進行獲得負圖案之負顯影。此時使用之顯影液可列舉2-辛酮、2-壬酮、2-庚酮、3-庚酮、4-庚酮、2-己酮、3-己酮、二異丁酮、甲基環己酮、苯乙酮、甲基苯乙酮、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸異丁酯、乙酸戊酯、乙酸丁烯酯、乙酸異戊酯、甲酸丙酯、甲酸丁酯、甲酸異丁酯、甲酸戊酯、甲酸異戊酯、戊酸甲酯、戊烯酸甲酯、巴豆酸甲酯、巴豆酸乙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丙酯、乳酸丁酯、乳酸異丁酯、乳酸戊酯、乳酸異戊酯、2-羥基異丁酸甲酯、2-羥基異丁酸乙酯、苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸乙酯、乙酸苯酯、乙酸苄酯、苯基乙酸甲酯、甲酸苄酯、甲酸苯基乙酯、3-苯基丙酸甲酯、丙酸苄酯、苯基乙酸乙酯、乙酸2-苯基乙酯等。該等有機溶劑可單獨使用1種也可混用2種以上。
顯影結束時進行淋洗。淋洗液宜為和顯影液混溶且不溶解光阻膜之溶劑較佳。如此的溶劑宜使用碳數3~10之醇、碳數8~12之醚化合物、碳數6~12之烷、烯、炔、芳香族系之溶劑較理想。
具體而言,碳數3~10之醇可列舉正丙醇、異丙醇、1-丁醇、2-丁醇、異丁醇、第三丁醇、1-戊醇、2-戊醇、3-戊醇、第三戊醇、新戊醇、2-甲基-1-丁醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、3-甲基-3-戊醇、環戊醇、1-己醇、2-己醇、3-己醇、2,3-二甲基-2-丁醇、3,3-二甲基-1-丁醇、3,3-二甲基-2-丁醇、2-乙基-1-丁醇、2-甲基-1-戊醇、2-甲基-2-戊醇、2-甲基-3-戊醇、3-甲基-1-戊醇、3-甲基-2-戊醇、3-甲基-3-戊醇、4-甲基-1-戊醇、4-甲基-2-戊醇、4-甲基-3-戊醇、環己醇、1-辛醇等。
碳數8~12之醚化合物可列舉選自二正丁醚、二異丁醚、二第二丁醚、二正戊醚、二異戊醚、二第二戊醚、二第三戊醚、二正己醚中之1種以上之溶劑。
碳數6~12之烷可列舉己烷、庚烷、辛烷、壬烷、癸烷、十一烷、十二烷、甲基環戊烷、二甲基環戊烷、環己烷、甲基環己烷、二甲基環己烷、環庚烷、環辛烷、環壬烷等。碳數6~12之烯可以列舉己烯、庚烯、辛烯、環己烯、甲基環己烯、二甲基環己烯、環庚烯、環辛烯等。碳數6~12之炔可以列舉己炔、庚炔、辛炔等。
芳香族系之溶劑可以列舉甲苯、二甲苯、乙基苯、異丙苯、第三丁苯、均三甲苯等。
藉由進行淋洗能夠減少光阻圖案之崩塌、缺陷之發生。又,淋洗並非必要,藉由不進行淋洗可以減少溶劑之使用量。
顯影後之孔圖案、溝渠圖案可利用熱流、RELACS技術或DSA技術使其收縮。 在孔圖案上塗佈收縮劑,因為來自烘烤中之光阻層之酸觸媒之擴散,會在光阻之表面發生收縮劑之交聯,收縮劑附著在孔圖案之側壁。烘烤溫度較佳為70~180℃,更佳為80~170℃,時間較佳為10~300秒,將多餘的收縮劑去除並使孔圖案縮小。 [實施例]
以下舉合成例、實施例及比較例對於本發明具體説明,但本發明不限於下列實施例。
[合成例] 淬滅劑1~13之合成 在下列實施例使用之式(A)表示之鋶鹽或錪鹽(淬滅劑1~13)之結構如以下所示。淬滅劑1~13係利用各自對應之氯化鋶或氯化錪、與含有經環狀烴基取代之胺基之磺酸間的離子交換反應以合成。 【化58】
【化59】
[合成例] 聚合物1~6之合成 將各單體組合並於四氫呋喃溶劑中進行共聚合反應,析出於甲醇,再以己烷反複洗淨後單離、乾燥,獲得以下所示組成之基礎聚合物(聚合物1~6)。獲得之基礎聚合物之組成利用1
H-NMR確認,Mw及分子量分布利用GPC(溶劑:THF)確認。
【化60】
【化61】
[實施例、比較例] 光阻材料之製備 將於以表1及2所示之組成使各成分溶解於已溶有作為界面活性劑之100ppm之住友3M(股)製界面活性劑FC-4430而得之溶劑而得之溶液,以0.2μm尺寸之濾器過濾,製備成正型光阻材料及負型光阻材料。
表1及2中,各成分如下。 聚合物1~6(參照前述結構式) 有機溶劑:PGMEA(丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯) GBL(γ-丁內酯) CyH(環己酮) PGME(丙二醇單甲醚) CyP(環戊酮)
酸產生劑:PAG1~3 【化62】
淬滅劑:淬滅劑1~13(參照前述結構式)、比較胺1~2、比較淬滅劑1~2 【化63】
撥水劑聚合物1: 【化64】
[ArF浸潤曝光評價] [實施例1-1~1-13、比較例1-1~1-4] 將表1所示之光阻材料旋塗於已在矽晶圓成膜200nm之信越化學工業(股)製旋塗式碳膜ODL-102(碳之含量為80質量%)、於其上已成膜35nm之含矽旋塗式硬遮罩SHB-A940(矽之含量為43質量%)而得的三層處理用之基板上,使用熱板於100℃烘烤60秒,使光阻膜之厚度為80nm。將其使用ArF準分子雷射掃描曝光機(Nikon(股)製NSR-S610C、NA1.30、σ0.98/0.78、35度交叉極(crosspole)照明、Azimuthally偏光照明、6%半階調位相偏移遮罩),使用晶圓上尺寸60nm之線、200nm節距之遮罩曝光,於表1記載之溫度進行60秒PEB,連續以乙酸正丁酯進行30秒顯影,形成尺寸60nm之間距、200nm節距之溝渠之負圖案。然後直到前述曝光與PEB為止同樣進行,將晶圓在FOUP內於23℃保存24小時後以乙酸正丁酯進行30秒顯影,形成200nm節距之溝渠之負圖案。以日立先端科技(股)製測長SEM(CG-4000)測定溝渠圖案之尺寸,從直到顯影為止連續形成之溝渠圖案之尺寸扣減在PEB後放置24小時而形成之溝渠圖案之尺寸,將得到的値定義為PPD尺寸。結果示於表1。
【表1】
[EB描繪評價] [實施例2-1~2-5、比較例2-1~2-2] 將表2中所示之光阻材料旋塗在已經過六甲基二矽氮烷蒸汽預處塗處理之Si基板上,使用熱板於110℃預烘60秒,製得80nm之光阻膜。對其使用日立製作所(股)製HL-800D,於加速電壓50kV進行真空腔室內描繪。描繪後立即在熱板上於90℃進行60秒PEB,以2.38質量%之四甲基氫氧化銨之水溶液進行30秒顯影,獲得圖案。 針對獲得之光阻圖案,進行以下的評價。 為正型光阻膜的情形,將120nm之溝渠按尺寸解像之曝光量之最小溝渠之尺寸定義為解像力。為負型光阻膜的情形,將120nm之孤立線按尺寸解像之曝光量之最小孤立線之尺寸定義為解像力。又,實施例2-1~2-4及比較例2-1~2-2,為正型光阻材料,實施例2-5為負型光阻材料。 結果示於表2。
【表2】
如表1及2所示結果可知:已添加含有經環狀烴基取代之胺基之磺酸之鋶鹽或錪鹽的本發明之光阻材料,於PPD之尺寸之安定性優異,有充分解像力。
無
Claims (13)
- 一種光阻材料,包括:下式(A)表示之鋶鹽或錪鹽、及基礎聚合物,該基礎聚合物含有選自下式(f1)~(f3)表示之重複單元中之至少1個重複單元;
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之光阻材料,更包括產生磺酸、醯亞胺酸或甲基化酸之酸產生劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之光阻材料,更包括有機溶劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之光阻材料,其中,該基礎聚合物含有下式(a1)表示之重複單元或下式(a2)表示之重複單元;
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之光阻材料,更包括溶解抑制劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之光阻材料,其係化學增幅正型光阻材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之光阻材料,其中,該基礎聚合物不含酸不安定基。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之光阻材料,更含有交聯劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之光阻材料,係化學增幅負型光阻材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之光阻材料,更含有界面活性劑。
- 一種圖案形成方法,包括以下步驟:將如申請專利範圍第1至10項中任一項之光阻材料塗佈在基板上;加熱處理後以高能射線曝光;及使用顯影液進行顯影。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之圖案形成方法,其中,該高能射線係波長193nm之ArF準分子雷射或波長248nm之KrF準分子雷射。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之圖案形成方法,其中,該高能射線係電子束或波長3~15nm之極端紫外線。
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