TWI599574B - 鏻化合物、含有其的環氧樹脂組成物及使用其製造的半導體裝置 - Google Patents
鏻化合物、含有其的環氧樹脂組成物及使用其製造的半導體裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI599574B TWI599574B TW105104672A TW105104672A TWI599574B TW I599574 B TWI599574 B TW I599574B TW 105104672 A TW105104672 A TW 105104672A TW 105104672 A TW105104672 A TW 105104672A TW I599574 B TWI599574 B TW I599574B
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- Prior art keywords
- epoxy resin
- resin composition
- phenol
- compound
- curing
- Prior art date
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- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 title claims description 178
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 137
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- -1 Phosphonium compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
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- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Substances NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- 150000001785 cerium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006668 (C1-C30) aliphatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- IMHDGJOMLMDPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxybiphenyl Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1O IMHDGJOMLMDPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LJBWJFWNFUKAGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)O)C1=CC=CC=C1O LJBWJFWNFUKAGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JIGUICYYOYEXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-tert-butylbenzene-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1O JIGUICYYOYEXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000004844 aliphatic epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4,4'-diol Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011353 cycloaliphatic epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VEIOBOXBGYWJIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane;methanol Chemical compound OC.OC.C1CCCCC1 VEIOBOXBGYWJIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethanediamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(N)(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- AFEQENGXSMURHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethanamine Chemical compound NCC1CO1 AFEQENGXSMURHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001622 bismuth compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- AHNZVFVNAQKFBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-amino-n-(n-aminoanilino)aniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(N)N(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 AHNZVFVNAQKFBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzopyrrole Natural products C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
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- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 16
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 11
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoren-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CCCN=C21 GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- BRKFQVAOMSWFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraphenylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BRKFQVAOMSWFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- ARWCZKJISXFBGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ARWCZKJISXFBGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LYQFWZFBNBDLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Cs+] LYQFWZFBNBDLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DEPDDPLQZYCHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazol-2-amine Chemical compound NC1=NC=CN1 DEPDDPLQZYCHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCS UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFYGYTNMHPUJBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(trimethoxymethyl)dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound SCCCC(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCCCCCCC DFYGYTNMHPUJBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCCRFHKQDVMDKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[9-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10h-anthracen-9-yl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2CC2=CC=CC=C21 HCCRFHKQDVMDKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XEHUIDSUOAGHBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Cr].CC(=O)CC(C)=O.CC(=O)CC(C)=O.CC(=O)CC(C)=O XEHUIDSUOAGHBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RGBIPJJZHWFFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RGBIPJJZHWFFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JDVIRCVIXCMTPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanamine;trifluoroborane Chemical compound CCN.FB(F)F JDVIRCVIXCMTPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011417 postcuring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QLAGHGSFXJZWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylborane;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1B(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QLAGHGSFXJZWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWIKJCUKFNLGOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(methoxymethyl) phosphite Chemical compound P(OCOC)(OCOC)OCOC RWIKJCUKFNLGOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O.CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/68—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used
- C08G59/688—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used containing phosphorus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C255/49—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
- C07C255/53—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing cyano groups and hydroxy groups bound to the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C39/00—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C39/02—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring monocyclic with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
- C07C39/08—Dihydroxy benzenes; Alkylated derivatives thereof
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C39/00—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C07C39/10—Polyhydroxy benzenes; Alkylated derivatives thereof
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C39/00—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C39/12—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic with no unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
- C07C39/15—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic with no unsaturation outside the aromatic rings with all hydroxy groups on non-condensed rings, e.g. phenylphenol
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C39/00—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C07C39/17—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic with no unsaturation outside the aromatic rings containing other rings in addition to the six-membered aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexylphenol
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C39/00—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C39/235—Metal derivatives of a hydroxy group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
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- C07C49/83—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups polycyclic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
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- C07F9/5442—Aromatic phosphonium compounds (P-C aromatic linkage)
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G59/04—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof
- C08G59/06—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof of polyhydric phenols
- C08G59/08—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof of polyhydric phenols from phenol-aldehyde condensates
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- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/62—Alcohols or phenols
- C08G59/621—Phenols
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K13/04—Ingredients characterised by their shape and organic or inorganic ingredients
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K5/50—Phosphorus bound to carbon only
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- H01L23/3107—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection characterised by the arrangement or shape the device being completely enclosed
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2603/00—Systems containing at least three condensed rings
- C07C2603/02—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems
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Description
本發明是關於鏻化合物、包含其的環氧樹脂組成物以及使用其製造的半導體裝置。
轉移模塑(transfer molding)由於其低成本及適用於大批量生產之優勢而被廣泛用作用環氧樹脂組成物封裝諸如積體電路(integrated circuit;IC)及大規模積體電路(Large Scale Integration;LSI)晶片之半導體裝置以獲得半導體裝置的方法。在轉移模塑中,作為固化劑之環氧樹脂或酚樹脂的改質可以改進半導體裝置之特性及可靠性。
所述環氧樹脂組成物包含環氧樹脂、固化劑、固化催化劑等。作為固化催化劑,通常採用咪唑催化劑、胺催化劑以及膦催化劑。
在朝向緊密、輕質並且高效能電子裝置之趨勢下,半導體裝置之高積集度已經逐年加快。隨著對半導體裝置之表面安裝的
需求遞增,出現了習知環氧樹脂組成物未解決之問題。半導體裝置之封裝材料的其他要求為快速可固化性,以提高生產力及儲存穩定性以提高分配及儲存期間的處置效能。
韓國專利公開案第10-2014-0082528A號揭示一種使用四價鏻鹽之環氧樹脂固化催化劑。
本發明之一個態樣為提供一種用於固化催化劑之化合物,其能夠加速固化環氧樹脂,具有良好的模塑時流動性及高固化強度,並且甚至可在短固化時間下固化。
本發明之另一態樣為提供一種用於固化催化劑之化合物,其能夠在低溫下加速固化環氧樹脂。
本發明之另一態樣為提供一種用於固化催化劑之化合物,其具有高儲存穩定性,僅在所要固化溫度下催化固化,但在偏離所要固化溫度的溫度下不顯示任何固化活性。
本發明之另一態樣為提供一種包含所述環氧樹脂組成物之半導體裝置。
本發明之一個態樣是關於一種鏻化合物。
所述鏻化合物由式1表示:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4、X、Y、l、m以及n如實施方式中所
定義。
在所述鏻化合物中,R1、R2、R3以及R4可以為C6至C30芳基。
當R1、R2、R3以及R4為C6至C30芳基時,R1、R2、R3以及R4中之至少一者可以經羥基取代。
X可以為C6至C30芳基。
所述鏻化合物可以為由式1a至式1f表示的化合物中的任一者:
[式1d]
本發明之另一態樣是關於一種環氧樹脂組成物。所述環氧樹脂組成物包含環氧樹脂、固化劑、無機填充劑以及固化催化劑,其中所述固化催化劑包含充當固化加速劑之鏻化合物。
環氧樹脂可以包含以下各者中之至少一者:雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚F型環氧樹脂、苯酚酚醛清漆型(phenol novolac type)環氧樹脂、第三丁基兒茶酚型(tert-butyl catechol type)環氧樹脂、萘型(naphthalene type)環氧樹脂、縮水甘油基胺型(glycidylamine type)環氧樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型(cresol novolac type)環氧樹脂、聯苯型(biphenyl type)環氧樹脂、線性脂族環氧樹脂、環脂族環氧樹脂、雜環環氧樹脂、含螺環之環氧樹脂、環己烷二甲醇型(cyclohexane dimethanol type)環氧樹脂、三羥甲基型trimethylol type)環氧樹脂以及鹵化環氧樹脂。
固化劑可以包含酚樹脂。
固化劑可以包含以下各者中之至少一者:苯酚芳烷基型(phenol aralkyl type)酚樹脂、苯酚酚醛清漆型酚樹脂、紮洛克(xyloc)型酚樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型酚樹脂、萘酚型(naphthol type)酚樹脂、萜烯型(terpene type)酚樹脂、多官能酚樹脂、二環戊二烯類酚樹脂、從雙酚A及間苯二酚(resorcinol)合成之酚醛清漆型酚樹脂、多羥基酚化合物(包含三(羥基苯基)甲烷(tris(hydroxyphenyl)methane)及二羥基聯苯(dihydroxybiphenyl))、酸酐(包含順丁烯二酸酐(maleic anhydride)及鄰苯二甲酸酐(phthalic anhydride))、間苯二胺(metaphenylenediamine)、二胺基二苯基甲烷(diaminodiphenylmethane)以及二胺基二苯碸(diaminodiphenylsulfone)。
固化催化劑可以按約0.01重量%(wt%)至約5重量%的量存在於環氧樹脂組成物中。
鏻化合物可以按約10重量%至約100重量%的量存在於固化催化劑中。
如根據方程式1所計算,環氧樹脂組成物可以具有約0.4%或小於0.4%的固化收縮率:固化收縮率=|C-D|/C×100,其中C為藉由在175℃下在70公斤力/平方公分的負載下對環氧樹脂組成物進行轉移模塑所獲得之樣本的長度,並且D為在170℃至180℃下後固化(post-curing)所述樣本4小時並且冷卻之後,所述樣本的長度。
如根據方程式2所計算,環氧樹脂組成物可以具有約80%
或大於80%的儲存穩定性:儲存穩定性=(F1-F0)/F0×100
其中F1為在25℃及50%相對濕度(relative humidity,RH)下儲存所述環氧樹脂組成物72小時之後,使用轉移模塑壓床(transfer molding press),在175℃及70公斤力/平方公分下,根據EMMI-1-66量測的所述環氧樹脂組成物的流動長度(吋),並且F0為所述環氧樹脂組成物的初始流動長度(吋)。
本發明之另一態樣是關於一種用所述環氧樹脂組成物包覆的半導體裝置。
本發明可以提供一種能夠加速固化環氧樹脂及在低溫下固化環氧樹脂之鏻化合物。
另外,包含本發明之鏻化合物的環氧樹脂組成物可甚至在預定範圍的時間及溫度下使黏度改變降至最低。因此,在高溫下固化之後獲得之環氧樹脂組成物不會由於流動性降低而展現出模塑產物之可模塑性、機械特性、電特性以及化學特性的任何劣化。
10‧‧‧接線板
20‧‧‧半導體晶片
30‧‧‧凸塊
40‧‧‧環氧樹脂組成物
100‧‧‧半導體裝置
200‧‧‧半導體裝置
300‧‧‧半導體裝置
圖1為根據本發明之一個實施例的半導體裝置的截面視圖。
圖2為本發明之另一實施例的半導體裝置的截面視圖。
圖3為本發明之另一實施例的半導體裝置的截面視圖。
如本文所用,在「經取代或未經取代」中之術語「經取代」意指對應的官能基中之至少一個氫原子經以下各者取代:羥基、鹵素原子、氨基、硝基、氰基、C1至C20烷基、C1至C20鹵烷基、C6至C30芳基、C3至C30雜芳基、C3至C10環烷基、C3至C10雜環烷基、C7至C30芳烷基或C1至C30雜烷基。術語「鹵基」意指氟、氯、碘或溴。
如本文所用,術語「芳基」是指如下取代基,其中環狀取代基中之所有元素具有p軌域並且p軌域形成共軛系統。芳基可以例如為單環或稠合多環C6至C30烴基。芳基之特定實例包含苯基、聯苯基、萘基、萘酚基以及蒽基,但不限於這些。
如本文所用,術語「雜芳基」意指如下C6至C30芳基,其中環包括碳原子及1至3個由氮、氧、硫以及磷中選出之雜原子。雜芳基之實例包含(但不限於)吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、噠嗪基、三嗪基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、喹喏啉基、吖啶基、喹唑啉基、噌啉基、酞嗪基、噻唑基、苯并噻唑基、異噁唑基、苯并異噁唑基、噁唑基、苯并噁唑基、吡唑基、吲唑基、咪唑基、苯并咪唑基、嘌呤基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、呋喃基、苯并呋喃基或異苯并呋喃基。
如本文所用,術語「雜」是指由氮(N)、氧(O)、硫(S)或磷(P)中選出之原子。
首先,將描述根據本發明之鏻化合物。
根據本發明之鏻化合物由式1表示:[式1]
其中R1、R2、R3以及R4各自獨立地為經取代或未經取代之C1至C30脂族烴基、經取代或未經取代之C6至C30芳族烴基或經取代或未經取代之包含雜原子的C1至C30烴基;X及Y彼此不同且各自獨立地為經取代或未經取代之C1至C30脂族烴基、經取代或未經取代之C6至C30芳族烴基或經取代或未經取代之包含雜原子的C1至C30烴基;l為0至4之整數;m為1至6之整數;且n為1至5之整數。
在式1中,R1、R2、R3以及R4可以為C6至C30芳基。
在式1中,R1、R2、R3以及R4中之至少一者可以經羥基取代。
在式1中,X可以為C6至C30芳基。在此實施例中,包含鏻化合物之組成物可具有相對良好流動性及可模塑性以及良好儲存穩定性。
所述鏻化合物可以為例如由式1a到式1f表示的化合物中的任一者:
[式1b]
所述鏻化合物可以添加到包含環氧樹脂、固化劑以及無機填充劑中之至少一者的組成物中以便用作潛在固化催化劑。
根據本發明之鏻化合物可以提供如下環氧樹脂組成物,
所述環氧樹脂組成物能夠加速固化環氧樹脂及固化劑並且能夠確保低溫可固化性及較高儲存穩定性,同時使包含所述化合物以及環氧樹脂、固化劑等之混合物的黏度改變降至最低(甚至在所需時間及溫度範圍內)。儲存穩定性是指如下活性,其僅在所需固化溫度下催化固化,在偏離所需固化溫度範圍的溫度下無任何固化活性。因此,有可能儲存環氧樹脂組成物較長時間,且不引起黏度變化。一般而言,固化反應的進行在環氧樹脂組成物為液體時會導致黏度增加及流動性劣化,並且在環氧樹脂組成物為固體時可以展現黏度。
根據本發明之鏻化合物經由在具有酚類-OH基團之不同化合物之間生成簇(cluster)而形成單價陰離子。在所述化合物中,陽離子及陰離子之位置經適當安排,從而允許兩個分子之間的離子鍵相對較強。由於所述簇利用相對較弱氫鍵形成,故施加足夠熱能將快速斷裂氫鍵以破壞陰離子簇,從而使陽離子及陰離子解離,此將引起快速固化反應。因此,鏻化合物可展現相對較長流動性同時在固化持續相同的固化時間之後維持相同的固化強度。
接下來,將描述根據本發明之環氧樹脂組成物。
根據本發明之環氧樹脂組成物可包含環氧樹脂、固化劑、無機填充劑以及固化催化劑中之至少一者。在下文中,將更詳細地描述本發明之環氧樹脂組成物的每一組分。
環氧樹脂可以每分子具有兩個或超過兩個環氧基。環氧樹脂之實例包含雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚F型環氧樹脂、苯酚酚
醛清漆型環氧樹脂、第三丁基兒茶酚型環氧樹脂、萘型環氧樹脂、縮水甘油基胺型環氧樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、聯苯型環氧樹脂、線性脂族環氧樹脂、環脂族環氧樹脂、雜環環氧樹脂、含螺環之環氧樹脂、環己烷二甲醇型環氧樹脂、三羥甲基型環氧樹脂以及鹵化環氧樹脂,但不限於這些。這些環氧樹脂可單獨使用或以其組合形式使用。舉例而言,環氧樹脂可以每分子具有兩個或超過兩個環氧基及一個或多個羥基。環氧樹脂可以包含固相環氧樹脂及液相環氧樹脂中之至少一者。較佳地使用固相環氧樹脂。
在一個實施例中,環氧樹脂可以為由式2表示之聯苯型環氧樹脂、由式3表示之苯酚芳烷基型環氧樹脂或其組合:
其中R為C1至C4烷基且a平均為0至7之數字。
其中b平均為1至7之數字。
就固體含量而言,所述組成物所包含的環氧樹脂的量可以為約2重量%至約17重量%,例如約3重量%至約15重量%,例如約3重量%至約12重量%。在此範圍內,所述組成物可以確保可固化性。
固化劑可以包含苯酚芳烷基型酚樹脂、苯酚酚醛清漆型酚樹脂、紮洛克(xyloc)型酚樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型酚樹脂、萘酚型酚樹脂、萜烯型酚樹脂、多官能酚樹脂、二環戊二烯類酚樹脂、自雙酚A及甲階酚醛樹脂(rcsol)合成之酚醛清漆型酚樹脂、多羥基酚化合物(包含三(羥基苯基)甲烷及二羥基聯苯)、酸酐(包含順丁烯二酸酐及鄰苯二甲酸酐)以及芳族胺(包含間苯二胺、二胺基二苯基甲烷、二胺基二苯碸)等。較佳地,固化劑可以為具有一個或多個羥基的酚樹脂。
在一個實施例中,固化劑可以為由式4表示的紮洛克型酚樹脂及由式5表示的苯酚芳烷基型酚樹脂。
其中c平均為0至7之數字。
其中d平均為1至7之數字。
就固體含量而言,環氧樹脂組成物所包含的固化劑的量可以為約0.5重量%至約13重量%,例如約1重量%至約10重量%,例如約2重量%至約8重量%。在此範圍內,所述組成物可以
確保可固化性。
環氧樹脂組成物可更包含無機填充劑。無機填充劑用於改進環氧樹脂組成物之機械特性,同時降低其應力。無機填充劑之實例包含以下各者中的至少一者:熔融矽石、結晶矽石、碳酸鈣、碳酸鎂、氧化鋁、氧化鎂、黏土、滑石、矽酸鈣、氧化鈦、氧化銻以及玻璃纖維。
環氧樹脂組成物可更包含無機填充劑。無機填充劑用於改進環氧樹脂組成物之機械性質,同時降低環氧樹脂組成物中之應力。無機填充劑之實例包含以下各者中的至少一者:熔融矽石、結晶矽石、碳酸鈣、碳酸鎂、氧化鋁、氧化鎂、黏土、滑石、矽酸鈣、氧化鈦、氧化銻以及玻璃纖維。
就降低應力而言,具有低線性膨脹係數的熔融矽石為較佳的。熔融矽石是指比重為2.3或小於2.3之非結晶矽石。熔融矽石可以藉由熔融結晶矽石製備或可以包含由各種原材料合成之非結晶矽石產物。熔融矽石之形狀及粒子直徑不受特定限制。無機填充劑可以包含以無機填充劑之總重量計40重量%至100重量%的熔融矽石混合物,其中熔融矽石混合物包含約50重量%至約99重量%之平均粒子直徑為約5微米至約30微米的球形熔融矽石及約1重量%至約50重量%之平均粒子直徑為約0.001微米至約1微米之球形熔融矽石。取決於環氧樹脂組成物的應用,無機填充劑亦可以調整至約45微米、約55微米或約75微米的最大粒子直徑。球形熔融矽石可以在矽石表面上包含導電碳作為外來物質。球形熔融矽石必須併有較少量的極性外來物質。
取決於環氧樹脂組成物的所需物理特性,例如可模塑性、低應力特性以及高溫強度,無機填充劑可以按恰當量存在。具體而言,無機填充劑可以按以環氧樹脂組成物之總重量計約60重量%至約95重量%、較佳地約75%至約92重量%的量存在。在此範圍內,環氧樹脂組成物可以確保良好的阻燃性、流動性以及可靠性。
環氧樹脂組成物可以包含固化催化劑,所述固化催化劑包含由式1表示的鏻化合物。鏻化合物可以按約0.01重量%至約5重量%、例如約0.02重量%至約1.5重量%、例如約0.05重量%至約1.5重量%的量存在於環氧樹脂組成物中。在此範圍內,環氧樹脂組成物可以確保流動性,但不延長固化反應時間。
環氧樹脂組成物可以更包含不含鏻之非鏻固化催化劑。非鏻固化催化劑之實例可以包含三級胺、有機金屬化合物、有機磷化合物、咪唑、硼化合物等。三級胺之實例可以包含苯甲基二甲胺、三乙醇胺、三亞乙基二胺、二乙基胺基乙醇、三(二甲基胺基甲基)苯酚、2,2-(二甲基胺基甲基)苯酚、2,4,6-三(二胺基甲基)苯酚、己酸三-2-乙酯等。有機金屬化合物之實例包含乙醯丙酮酸鉻、乙醯丙酮酸鋅、乙醯丙酮酸鎳等。有機磷化合物之實例可以包含三-4-甲氧基膦、三苯基膦、三苯基膦三苯基硼烷、三苯基膦-1,4-苯醌加合物等。咪唑之實例可以包含2-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-胺基咪唑、2-甲基-1-乙烯基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-十七烷基咪唑及類似物。硼化合物之實例可以包含硼酸三苯基膦四苯酯、硼酸四苯酯、三氟硼烷正己胺、三氟硼烷單乙胺、四氟硼烷三乙胺、四氟硼烷胺等。另外,有可能使用1,5-二氮雜雙環[4.3.0]壬-5-烯(DBN)、
1,8-二氮雜雙環[5.4.0]十一-7-烯(DBU)、苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂鹽等。確切而言,有機磷化合物、硼化合物以及胺或咪唑固化促進劑可以單獨使用或以組合形式使用。藉由使環氧樹脂或固化劑預反應獲得之加合物(adduct)可以用作固化催化劑。
根據本發明之鏻化合物可以按以固化催化劑的總重量計約10重量%至約100重量%、例如約60重量%至約100重量%的量存在。在此範圍內,環氧樹脂組成物可以確保流動性,但不延長固化反應時間。
固化催化劑可以按約0.01重量%至約5重量%、例如約0.02重量%至約1.5重量%、例如約0.05重量%至約1.5重量%的量存在於環氧樹脂組成物中。在此範圍內,環氧樹脂組成物可以確保流動性,但不延長固化反應時間。
根據本發明之組成物可以更包含典型的添加劑。在一個實施例中,所述添加劑可以包含以下各者中之至少一者:偶合劑、脫模劑、應力鬆弛劑、交聯強化劑、流平劑以及著色劑。
偶合劑可以包含由環氧矽烷、胺基矽烷、巰基矽烷、烷基矽烷以及烷氧基矽烷中選出的至少一者,但不限於這些。偶合劑可以按約0.1重量%至約1重量%的量存在於環氧樹脂組成物中。
脫模劑可以包含由石蠟、酯蠟、高級脂肪酸、高級脂肪酸的金屬鹽、天然脂肪酸以及天然脂肪酸金屬鹽中選出的至少一者。脫模劑可以按約0.1重量%至約1重量%的量存在於環氧樹脂組成物中。
應力釋放劑可以包含由改質矽酮油、矽酮彈性體、矽酮粉末以及矽酮樹脂中選出的至少一者,但不限於這些。應力釋放劑可
以視情況按約6.5重量%或小於6.5重量%、例如約1重量%或小於1重量%、例如約0.1重量%至約1重量%的量存在於環氧樹脂組成物中。關於改質矽酮油,可以使用具有良好耐熱性的任何矽酮聚合物。改質矽酮油可以包含以環氧樹脂組成物的總重量計約0.05重量%至約1.5重量%的矽酮油混合物,其中所述混合物包含由以下各者所組成的群組中之至少一者:具有環氧基官能基之矽酮油、具有胺官能基之矽酮油、具有羧基官能基之矽酮油以及其組合。然而,若矽酮油的量大於1.5重量%,則容易發生表面污染並且會遭遇過長樹脂溢出(lengthy resin bleed)。若矽酮油的量小於0.05重量%,則會存在如下問題:無法獲得足夠低的彈性模量。另外,平均粒子直徑為15微米的矽酮粉末為尤其較佳的,因為所述粉末不會降低可模塑性。矽酮粉末可以視情況按以環氧樹脂組成物的總重量計5重量%或小於5重量%、例如0.1重量%至5重量%的量存在。
添加劑可以按0.1重量%至10重量%、例如0.1重量%至3重量%的量存在於環氧樹脂組成物中。
環氧樹脂組成物可在低溫下固化。舉例而言,固化引發溫度可以介於90℃至120℃範圍內。在此範圍內,環氧樹脂組成物可以在低溫下固化,從而確保在低溫下固化。
環氧樹脂組成物可具有使用轉移模塑壓床在175℃及70公斤力/平方公分下根據EMMI-1-66量測的59吋至75吋、較佳地65吋至85吋之流動長度。在此範圍內,環氧樹脂組成物可用於廣泛應用中,用於包覆半導體裝置、黏性膜、絕緣樹脂片(諸如預浸材料(prepreg)等)、電路板、阻焊劑、底層填料、晶粒接合材料、
組分補充樹脂等。
如根據方程式1所計算,環氧樹脂組成物可以具有0.40%或小於0.40%、例如0.01%至0.39%之固化收縮率。在此範圍內,環氧樹脂組成物可用於需要此類環氧樹脂組成物的廣泛應用中,用於包覆半導體裝置、黏性膜、絕緣樹脂片(諸如預浸材料等)、電路板、阻焊劑、底層填料、晶粒接合材料、組分補充樹脂等。
[方程式1]固化收縮率=|C-D|/C×100
其中C為藉由在175℃下,在70公斤力/平方公分的負載下對環氧樹脂組成物進行轉移模塑獲得之樣本的長度,並且D為在170℃至180℃下後固化所述樣本4小時並且冷卻之後,所述樣本的長度。
如根據方程式2所計算,環氧樹脂組成物可以具有約80%或大於80%、較佳約90%或大於90%的儲存穩定性:[方程式2]儲存穩定性=(F1-F0)/F0×100
其中F1為在25℃及50% RH下儲存所述組成物72小時之後,使用轉移模塑壓床,在175℃及70公斤力/平方公分下,根據EMMI-1-66量測的所述環氧樹脂組成物的流動長度(吋),並且F0為所述環氧樹脂組成物的初始流動長度(吋)。
在環氧樹脂組成物中,環氧樹脂可以單獨使用或以加合物形式使用,所述加合物諸如熔融母料,藉由環氧樹脂與諸如固化劑、固化催化劑、脫模劑、偶合劑以及應力鬆弛劑的添加劑的預反應獲得。雖然關於根據本發明之環氧樹脂組成物的製備方法不存
在特定限制,但是環氧樹脂組成物可以藉由如下製備:使用合適的混合器(諸如亨舍爾混合器(Henschel mixer)或雷迪格混合器(Redige mixer))均勻地混合樹脂組成物的所有組分,緊接著在輥筒研磨機或捏合機中,在90℃至120℃下熔融捏合,冷卻並且研磨。
根據本發明之環氧樹脂組成物可以用於需要此類環氧樹脂組成物的廣泛應用中,用於包覆半導體裝置、黏性膜、絕緣樹脂片(諸如預浸材料等)、電路基板、阻焊劑、底層填料、晶片接合材料以及組分補充樹脂,但不限於這些。
接下來,將描述根據本發明之半導體裝置。
根據本發明之半導體裝置可以用環氧樹脂組成物包覆。
圖1為根據本發明之一個實施例的半導體裝置的截面視圖。參看圖1,根據一個實施例的半導體裝置100包含接線板10、形成於接線板10上的凸塊30以及形成於凸塊30上的半導體晶片20,其中接線板10與半導體晶片20之間的間隙用環氧樹脂組成物40包覆,並且環氧樹脂組成物可以為根據本發明實施例的環氧樹脂組成物。
圖2為根據本發明之另一實施例的半導體裝置的截面視圖。參看圖2,根據另一實施例的半導體裝置200包含接線板10、形成於接線板10上的凸塊30以及形成於凸塊30上的半導體晶片20,其中接線板10與半導體晶片20之間的間隙及半導體晶片20的整個頂表面用環氧樹脂組成物40包覆,並且環氧樹脂組成物可以為根據本發明實施例的環氧樹脂組成物。
圖3為根據本發明之另一實施例之半導體裝置的截面視圖。參看圖3,根據另一實施例的半導體裝置300包含接線板10、形成於接線板10上的凸塊30以及形成於凸塊30上的半導體晶片20,其中接線板10與半導體晶片20之間的間隙及半導體晶片20中除了頂表面的整個側表面用環氧樹脂組成物40包覆,並且環氧樹脂組成物可以為根據本發明實施例的環氧樹脂組成物。
在圖1至圖3中,接線板、凸塊以及半導體晶片各自的大小以及凸塊的數量為視情況的並且可以修改。
半導體裝置可以最常用環氧樹脂組成物藉由低壓轉移模塑來包覆。然而,半導體裝置亦可以藉由注塑、澆鑄等模塑。可以利用此類模塑製程製造的半導體裝置可以包含銅引線框架、鐵引線框架、預鍍覆至少一種由鎳、銅以及鈀中選出的金屬的鐵引線框架或有機層壓框架。
接下來,將參考一些實例更詳細描述本發明。應瞭解,這些實例只是為了說明而提供的,並且不應以任何方式理解為限制本發明。
向50公克MeOH中添加13.5公克3,4-二羥基苯甲腈及17.0公克2-苯基苯酚,緊接著添加21.6公克25%甲醇鈉溶液,其繼而完全溶解同時在室溫下反應30分鐘。向所述溶液中緩慢添加41.9公克預先溶解於50公克甲醇中的四苯基溴化鏻之溶液,且允許混合物進一步反應1小時,接著引入300公克蒸餾水。過濾所得白色固體,獲得54公克化合物。所述化合物基於NMR資料鑑
別為由式1a表示的化合物。
1H NMR δ 8.00-7.94(4H,dt),7.85-7.70(16H,m),7.44-7.38(6H,m),6.88-6.83(6H,m)
向50公克MeOH中添加21.4公克3,4-二羥基二苯甲酮及12.4公克4-甲基兒茶酚,緊接著添加21.6公克25%甲醇鈉溶液,其繼而完全溶解同時在室溫下反應30分鐘。向所述溶液中緩慢添加41.9公克預先溶解於50公克甲醇中的四苯基溴化鏻之溶液,且允許混合物進一步反應1小時,接著引入300公克蒸餾水。過濾所得棕色固體,獲得60公克化合物。所述化合物基於NMR資料鑑別為由式1b表示的化合物。
1H NMR δ 8.00-7.94(4H,dt),7.85-7.70(16H,m),7.60(2H,d),7.43-7.38(3H,m),7.09(1H,d),6.97(1H,s),6.75-6.71(3H,m),6.51(1H,d),2.21(3H,s)
向50公克MeOH中添加21.4公克3,4-二羥基二苯甲酮及35.0公克9,9-雙(4-羥苯基)茀,緊接著添加21.6公克25%甲醇鈉溶液,其繼而完全溶解同時在室溫下反應30分鐘。向所述溶液中緩慢添加41.9公克預先溶解於50公克甲醇中的四苯基溴化鏻之溶液,且允許混合物進一步反應1小時,接著引入300公克蒸餾水。過濾所得白色固體,獲得66公克化合物。所述化合物基於NMR資料鑑別為由式1c表示的化合物。
1H NMR δ 8.00-7.94(4H,dt),7.85-7.70(18H,m),7.60(2H,d),7.47(2H,d),7.30-7.24(8H,m),6.88(4H,d),6.61(4H,d),6.34(1H,d),6.21(1H,s)
向50公克MeOH中添加23.0公克2,3,4-三羥基二苯甲酮及12.4公克連苯三酚(pyrogallol),緊接著添加21.6公克25%甲醇鈉溶液,其繼而完全溶解同時在室溫下反應30分鐘。向所述溶液中緩慢添加41.9公克預先溶解於50公克甲醇中的四苯基溴化鏻之溶液,且允許混合物進一步反應1小時,接著引入300公克蒸餾水。過濾所得棕色固體,獲得61公克化合物。所述化合物基於NMR資料鑑別為由式1d表示的化合物。
1H NMR δ 8.00-7.94(4H,dt),7.85-7.70(16H,m),7.60(2H,d),7.32-7.27(3H,m),6.96(1H,d),6.55-6.50(2H,m),6.06(2H,d)
向1公升圓底燒瓶中引入100公克三苯基膦、60公克4-溴苯酚以及3.7公克NiBr2,緊接著添加130公克乙二醇,並且接著在180°℃下反應6小時,從而獲得由式1e'表示的具有經取代之苯酚的溴化鏻(鹽)。
向50公克MeOH中添加21.4公克2,4-二羥基二苯甲酮及18.4公克2,2-聯苯酚,緊接著添加21.6公克25%甲醇鈉溶液,其繼而完全溶解同時在室溫下反應30分鐘。向所述溶液中緩慢添加43.5公克預先溶解於50公克甲醇中的由式1e'表示之溴化鏻(鹽)之溶液,且允許混合物進一步反應1小時,接著引入300公克蒸餾水。過濾所得白色固體,獲得68公克化合物。所述化合物基於NMR資料鑑別為由式1e表示的化合物。
1H NMR δ 7.87(3H,t),7.77-7.73(6H,m),7.69-7.65(6H,m),7.60(2H,d),7.39(1H,dd),7.32(2H,d),7.28-7.24(3H,m),7.08-7.02(4H,m),6.88(2H,dd),6.79(2H,d),6.55(2H,dd),6.34(1H,d),6.21(1H,s)
向50公克MeOH中添加21.4公克3,4-二羥基二苯甲酮及12.4公克間苯三酚,緊接著添加21.6公克25%甲醇鈉溶液,其繼而完全溶解同時在室溫下反應30分鐘。向所述溶液中緩慢添加43.5公克預先溶解於50公克甲醇中的由式1e'表示之溴化鏻(鹽)之溶液,且允許混合物進一步反應1小時,接著引入300公克蒸餾水。過濾所得白色固體,獲得61公克化合物。所述化合物基於NMR資料鑑別為由式1f表示的化合物。
1H NMR δ 7.87(3H,t),7.77-7.73(6H,m),7.69-7.65(6H,m),7.60(2H,d),7.42-7.37(3H,m),7.09(1H,d),6.97(1H,s),6.88(2H,dd),6.55(2H,dd),6.51(1H,d),5.83(3H,s)
實例及比較例中所用之組分詳情如下。
(A)環氧樹脂
NC-3000(由日本化藥(Nippon Kayaku)製造)用作聯苯型環氧樹脂。
(B)固化劑
HE100C-10(由爰沃特(Air Water)製造)用作紮洛克型酚樹脂。
(C)固化催化劑
在製備實例1至製備實例6中製備的鏻化合物用作(C1)至(C6)。
(C7)
三苯基膦
(C8)
三苯基膦及1,4-苯醌的加合物
(D)無機填充劑
使用平均粒子直徑為18微米之球形熔融矽石及平均粒子直徑為0.5微米之球形熔融矽石(重量比9:1)的混合物。
(E)偶合劑
使用(e1)巰基丙基三甲氧基矽烷KBM-803(由信越株式會社(Shinetsu Co.,Ltd.)製造)及(e2)甲基三甲氧基矽烷SZ-6070(由道康寧化學公司(Dow Corning Chemical Co.,Ltd.)製造)的混合物。
(F)添加劑
使用(f1)巴西棕櫚蠟作為脫模劑並且使用(f2)碳黑MA-
600(由松下化學株式會社(Matsushita Chemical Co.,Ltd.)製造)作為著色劑。
實例及比較例
對組分進行稱重,如表1中所列(單位:重量份)並且使用亨舍爾混合器均勻地混合,從而製備第一粉末組成物。接著,利用連續式捏合機,在95℃下,熔融捏合所述組成物中的每一個,將其冷卻並且研磨,從而製備用於包覆半導體裝置的環氧樹脂組成物。
藉助於以下量測方法評估實例及比較例中製造之環氧樹脂組合物及其中使用相應環氧樹脂組成物之封裝的表2中列出的物理特性。
(1)流動性(吋):使用轉移模塑壓床,在試驗模具中,在175℃及70公斤力/平方公分下,根據EMMI-1-66量測環氧樹脂組成物中的每一個的流動長度。所測得的值越高,表示流動性越
好。
(2)固化收縮率(%):使用轉移模塑壓床,在用於撓曲強度樣本構造的ASTM模具中,在175℃及70公斤力/平方公分下,模塑環氧樹脂組成物中的每一個,從而獲得模塑樣本(125×12.6×6.4毫米)。使所述樣本在烘箱中,在170℃至180°℃下,經歷模塑後固化(post-molding cure:PMC)4小時。在冷卻之後,使用卡尺量測樣本長度。根據方程式1計算環氧樹脂組成物的固化收縮率:<方程式1>固化收縮率=|C-D|/C×100
其中C為藉由在175℃下在70公斤力/平方公分的負載下對環氧樹脂組成物進行轉移模塑所獲得的樣本的長度,並且D為在170℃至180℃下後固化所述樣本4小時並且冷卻之後,所述樣本的長度。
(3)使用熱機械分析儀(thermomechanical analyzer;TMA),在以10℃/分鐘的速率從25℃加熱至300℃的同時量測玻璃轉化溫度(℃)。
(4)吸濕率(%):在170℃至180℃的模具溫度、70公斤/平方公分的夾持壓力(clamp pressure)、1,000磅/平方吋(psi)的轉移壓力以及0.5公分/秒至1公分/秒的轉移速度下,對在實例及比較例中製備的樹脂組成物中的每一個進行模塑,持續120秒固化時間,從而獲得呈直徑為50毫米並且厚度為1.0毫米的圓盤形式的固化樣本。使所述樣本在烘箱中,在170℃至180℃下,經歷模塑後固化(PMC)4小時,並且在85℃及85% RH下靜置168小時。量測樣本在吸濕之前及之後的重量。根據方程式3計算樹脂
組成物的吸濕率:<方程式3>吸濕率(%)=(樣本在吸濕之後的重量-樣本在吸濕之前的重量)÷(樣本在吸濕之前的重量)×100
(5)黏合強度(公斤力):以試驗片形式製備大小適應模具的銅金屬裝置用於黏合強度量測。在試驗片上,在170°℃至180℃的模具溫度、70公斤力/平方公分的夾持壓力、1,000磅/平方吋的轉移壓力以及0.5公分/秒至1公分/秒的轉移速度下,對在實例及比較例中製備的樹脂組成物中的每一個進行模塑,持續120秒固化時間,從而獲得固化樣本。使所述樣本在烘箱中,在170℃至180℃下,經歷模塑後固化(PMC)4小時。與所述樣本接觸的環氧樹脂組成物的面積為40±1平方毫米。使用萬能試驗機(universal testing machine;UTM)量測環氧樹脂組成物的黏合強度。每個組成物產生12個樣本。在重複量測程序之後,對所測得的黏合強度值取平均。
(6)固化度(肖氏D(Shore-D)):使用配備有模具的多活塞系統(multi plunger system;MPS),在175℃下固化環氧樹脂組成物中的每一個,持續50秒、60秒、70秒、80秒以及90秒,從而構造出暴露的薄型四面扁平封裝(exposed thin quad flat package;eTQFP),各自包含寬度為24毫米、長度為24毫米並且厚度為1毫米的銅金屬裝置。使用肖氏D硬度計直接量測根據固化時間在模具上的封裝中的經固化產物的硬度值。硬度值越高,表示固化度越好。
(7)儲存穩定性(%):在將環氧樹脂組成物在設定成在
25℃及50% RH下的恆溫恆濕器(thermo-hygrostat)中儲存一週的同時,以24小時的時間間隔,根據(1)中所述的方法量測所述組成物中的每一個的流動長度。計算儲存後的流動長度相比於緊接在組成物製備後的流動長度的百分比(%)。值越高,表示儲存穩定性越好。
可以看出,鑒於每個固化時間段的可固化性,甚至在較短固化時間段中,在實例1至實例6中製備的環氧樹脂組成物都具有比比較例1及比較例2的環氧樹脂組成物高的流動性及比其高的固化度。關於儲存穩定性,顯而易見,實例1至實例6的環氧樹脂組成物顯示,在72小時儲存後流動性改變更小。
相反地,在比較例1及比較例2中製備的不包含本發明鏻化合物的組成物具有低儲存穩定性、高固化收縮率以及低流動性。因此,可以看出,呈封裝形式的比較例1及比較例2的組成物不能確保本發明之作用。
儘管本文中已經描述了一些實施例,但所屬領域中具通常知識者將顯而易知,這些實施例僅以說明方式給出,並且在不脫離本發明之精神及範疇的情況下,可以進行各種修改、改變、更改以及等效實施例。本發明之範疇應僅受所附申請專利範圍及其等效物限制。
10‧‧‧接線板
20‧‧‧半導體晶片
30‧‧‧凸塊
40‧‧‧環氧樹脂組成物
100‧‧‧半導體裝置
Claims (14)
- 一種鏻化合物,由式1表示:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的鏻化合物,其中R1、R2、R3以及R4為C6至C30芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述的鏻化合物,其中R1、R2、R3以及R4中之至少一者經羥基取代。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的鏻化合物,其中X為C6至C30芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的鏻化合物,其中所述鏻化合物為由式1a至式1f表示的化合物中的任一者:
- 一種環氧樹脂組成物,包括:環氧樹脂、固化劑、無機填充劑以及固化催化劑,其中所述固化催化劑包括如申請專利範圍第1項至第5項中任一項所述的鏻化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的環氧樹脂組成物,其中所述環氧樹脂包括以下各者中之至少一者:雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚F型環氧樹脂、苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、第三丁基兒茶酚型環氧樹脂、萘型環氧樹脂、縮水甘油基胺型環氧樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、聯苯型環氧樹脂、線性脂族環氧樹脂、環脂族環氧樹脂、雜環環氧樹脂、含螺環之環氧樹脂、環己烷二甲醇型環氧樹脂、三羥甲基型環氧樹脂以及鹵化環氧樹脂。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的環氧樹脂組成物,其中所述固化劑包括酚樹脂。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的環氧樹脂組成物,其中所述固化劑包括以下各者中之至少一者:苯酚芳烷基型酚樹脂;苯酚酚醛清漆型酚樹脂;紮洛克型酚樹脂;甲酚酚醛清漆型酚樹脂;萘酚型酚樹脂;萜烯型酚樹脂;多官能酚樹脂;二環戊二烯類酚樹脂;自雙酚A及甲階酚醛樹脂合成之酚醛清漆型酚樹脂;多羥基酚化合物,包含三(羥基苯基)甲烷及二羥基聯苯;酸酐,包含順丁 烯二酸酐及鄰苯二甲酸酐;以及芳族胺,包含間苯二胺、二胺基二苯基甲烷以及二胺基二苯碸。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的環氧樹脂組成物,其中所述固化催化劑以0.01重量%至5重量%的量存在於所述環氧樹脂組成物中。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的環氧樹脂組成物,其中所述鏻化合物以10重量%至100重量%的量存在於所述固化催化劑中。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的環氧樹脂組成物,其中根據方程式1所計算,所述環氧樹脂組成物具有不超過0.4%的固化收縮率:<方程式1>固化收縮率=|C-D|/C×100其中C為藉由在175℃及70公斤力/平方公分下對所述環氧樹脂組成物進行轉移模塑所獲得的樣本的長度,並且D為在170℃至180°℃下後固化所述樣本4小時並且冷卻之後所述樣本的長度。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的環氧樹脂組成物,其中根據方程式2所計算,所述環氧樹脂組成物具有約80%或大於80%的儲存穩定性:<方程式2>儲存穩定性=(F1-F0)/F0×100其中F1為在25℃及50%相對濕度下儲存所述環氧樹脂組成物72小時之後,使用轉移模塑壓床,在175°℃及70公斤力/平方公分下,根據EMMI-1-66量測的所述環氧樹脂組成物的流動長度 (吋),並且F0為所述環氧樹脂組成物的初始流動長度(吋)。
- 一種半導體裝置,用如申請專利範圍第6項所述的環氧樹脂組成物包覆。
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