TWI590563B - 無線充電電路、無線充電系統及半導體裝置 - Google Patents

無線充電電路、無線充電系統及半導體裝置 Download PDF

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TWI590563B
TWI590563B TW102107483A TW102107483A TWI590563B TW I590563 B TWI590563 B TW I590563B TW 102107483 A TW102107483 A TW 102107483A TW 102107483 A TW102107483 A TW 102107483A TW I590563 B TWI590563 B TW I590563B
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circuit
output
power supply
path
voltage
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TW201401714A (zh
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遠藤武文
鹿山正規
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瑞薩電子股份有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0084—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring voltage only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/70—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00045—Authentication, i.e. circuits for checking compatibility between one component, e.g. a battery or a battery charger, and another component, e.g. a power source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
    • H04B5/24—Inductive coupling
    • H04B5/26—Inductive coupling using coils

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Description

無線充電電路、無線充電系統及半導體裝置
本發明是有關一種通過無線方式從送電側向受電側供給電力之無線充電技術，特別是有關一種通過無線充電方式對電池進行充電之無線充電電路、無線充電系統以及利用了無線充電電路和無線充電系統之半導體裝置。
專利文獻1中公開了一種即使在非接觸方式下無法提供足夠電力時，也可通過非接觸式介面來進行信號發送/接收之接觸/非接觸式解碼IC卡之技術。在專利文獻1中特別記述了為了實現通過非接觸方式來進行供電和通信而採用之結構。
非接觸通信技術中，所知的有NFC(Near Field Communication：近場通信)技術。NFC係一種在十幾釐米之距離內進行小功率無線通信技術之國際標準，最初係用於智慧手機等小型可攜式電子設備上之一種技術。而另一方面，通過非接觸(也稱“無線”)方式進行電力傳輸 之所謂無線充電技術也正得以應用，WPC(Wireless Power Consortium：無線充電聯盟)普及及推動了無線充電技術標準(Qi)並將之投入市場。
專利文獻2中公開了在具備：藉由無線方式進行資訊傳輸之資訊傳輸手段、以及以非接觸方式進行電力輸送之電力輸送手段之通信設備中，對資訊傳送手段和電力輸送手段的動作進行控制之控制技術。
專利文獻1 日本特開2003-141484號公報
專利文獻2 日本特開2009-253649號公報
NFC之載頻為13.56MHz，而電磁感應耦合方式中主流之無線充電之載頻為100~200kHz。如上所述，由於NFC和無線充電技術標準之無線充電之載頻互為不同，所以需配備各自專用之天線，而像智慧手機這類小型可攜式電子設備上難於保留出安裝天線之位置。因此，對於如何將近場通信所用之天線用於進行無線充電之課題進行檢討。
通過無線方式輸送之電壓在天線端高至100~200V，即使在經過匹配電路及整流電路後仍為幾十伏之高電壓，而與欲將該電壓對1個單元之電池(4~4.2V)進行充電時，將在IC(Integrated Circuit：積體電路)內出現電壓差之損失。對此之對策一般認為設置可將直流電壓轉換為 別的直流電壓之開關穩壓器(DC-DC轉換器)。總之即，通過開關穩壓器將電壓降低為合適之電壓後輸入到充電控制電路。由於開關穩壓器之電力損失比較少，所以可降低IC內之電力損失。
有關無線充電，於充電前，為確認充電物件是否為被認證之充電對象、連接情況以及充電所需之電量等，設備必須進行初始通信以交換資訊。由於無線充電共用了NFC通信(近場通信)之天線，所以進行無線充電時必須遵照近場通信協議進行。根據此時近場通信規格之規定，如從RF(Radio Frequency：無線電頻率)功率(射頻功率)啟動到可進行上述初期通信為止之時間例如為不超過5ms。
但是，由於到開關穩壓器之輸出電壓變穩定為止需要較長時間，所以，如果由上述開關穩壓器來決定對近場通信進行控制之微電腦之電源供給，則將難於保證從射頻功率啟動到可進行通信為止之時間不超過5ms。
本發明之上述內容及上述內容以外之目的和新特徵在本說明書之描述及圖式簡單說明中寫明。
下面簡要說明關於本專利申請書所公開之發明中具有代表性之實施方式之概要。
即，無線充電電路包括環形天線、通信控制部、整流電路以及電源部。其中，上述電源部包括降壓電路、充電控制電路、以及通信控制部用電源電路。上述降壓電路包 括可將從上述整流電路輸出之電壓進行降壓之開關穩壓器、以及選擇電路，其中，上述可選擇上述開關穩壓器之輸出路徑和為避開上述開關穩壓器而設之旁通路徑。而且，上述降壓電路還具有選擇控制電路。上述選擇控制電路在上述通信控制部啟動時，通過使上述選擇電路選擇上述旁通路徑，便可經由上述旁通路徑而向上述通信控制部用電源電路供給電壓。接著，選擇控制電路在上述開關穩壓器之輸出電壓達到預定電平後，通過使上述選擇電路選擇上述開關穩壓器之輸出路徑，便可使上述開關穩壓器之輸出供給到上述通信控制部用電源電路。
下面簡要說明關於本專利申請書中所公開之發明中根據具有代表性之實施方式所獲得之效果。
即，在共用近場通信之天線進行無線充電時，提供可滿足近場通信規格之技術。
1‧‧‧無線充電系統
2‧‧‧送電側裝置
3‧‧‧受電側裝置
21‧‧‧調變控制電路
22‧‧‧調變驅動器電路
23‧‧‧匹配電路
24‧‧‧環形天線
25‧‧‧NFC控制部
36‧‧‧環形天線
31‧‧‧匹配電路
32‧‧‧整流電路
33‧‧‧電源部
34‧‧‧電池
35‧‧‧NFC控制部
200‧‧‧開關穩壓器
201‧‧‧開關電路
202‧‧‧電感器
203‧‧‧電容器
205‧‧‧串聯穩壓器
206、208‧‧‧開關元件
207‧‧‧選擇控制電路
209‧‧‧邏輯電路
210‧‧‧ADC
211‧‧‧上拉用電源電路
251‧‧‧控制電路
252‧‧‧記憶體電路
253‧‧‧通信電路
331‧‧‧降壓電路
332‧‧‧充電控制電路
333‧‧‧NFC電源電路
351‧‧‧通信電路
352‧‧‧記憶體電路
353‧‧‧控制電路
PT1‧‧‧開關穩壓器之輸出路徑(第1路徑)
PT2‧‧‧旁通路徑(第2路徑)
圖1係無線充電系統之整體結構例之框圖。
圖2係圖1之無線充電系統中電源部結構例之框圖。
圖3係開關穩壓器之結構例之電路圖。
圖4係串聯穩壓器之結構例之電路圖。
圖5係從射頻功率啟動到可進行初始通信為止之時序圖。
圖6係選擇控制電路結構例之電路圖。
圖7係圖6中選擇控制電路之動作時序圖。
1.實施方式之概要
下面說明本發明之實施方式之概要。在實施方式之概要說明中，括弧內所列出之圖中參照符號僅為構成要素中之一例而已，而非為全部要素。
〔1〕根據具有代表性之實施方式，無線充電電路(3)具有：環形天線(36)、可控制通過上述環形天線進行近距離無線通信之通信控制部(35)、將經由上述環形天線而獲得之交流信號進行整流之整流電路(32)、以及與上述整流電路耦合之電源部(33)。
上述電源部具有：將上述整流電路之輸出進行降壓之降壓電路(331)、利用上述降壓電路之輸出對電池進行充電之充電控制電路(332)、根據上述降壓電路之輸出來形成上述通信控制部之動作用電源電壓之通信控制部用電源電路(333)。
上述降壓電路具有：可將從上述整流電路輸出之電壓進行降壓之開關穩壓器(200)和選擇電路(206、208)，上述選擇電路(206、208)可選擇上述開關穩壓器之輸出路徑或第1路徑(PT1)以及為避開上述開關穩壓器而設之旁通路徑或第2路徑(PT2)。即，輸出路徑或第1路徑(PT1)為將開關穩壓器之輸出電壓供給到上 述通信控制部用電源電路(333)之路徑。另一方面，上述旁通路徑或第2路徑(PT2)為不經由上述開關穩壓器(200)而將整流電路(32)之輸出電壓供給到上述通信控制部用電源電路(333)之路徑，為與上述輸出路徑或第1路徑不同之路徑。
換言之即是，上述輸出路徑或第1路徑(PT1)為將開關穩壓器之輸出與上述通信控制部用電源電路(333)之輸入進行耦合之路徑。上述旁通路徑或第2路徑(PT2)為將整流電路(32)之輸出與上述通信控制部用電源電路(333)之輸入進行耦合之路徑。上述旁通路徑或第2路徑(PT2)為直接將整流電路(32)之輸出與上述通信控制部用電源電路(333)之輸入進行耦合，也可通過與上述開關穩壓器不同之其他調整器進行間接地耦合。
另外，上述降壓電路具有選擇控制電路(207)。上述選擇控制電路在上述通信控制部啟動時，通過使上述選擇電路選擇上述旁通路徑，便可通過上述旁通路徑向上述通信控制部用電源電路供給電壓。接下來，在上述開關穩壓器之輸出電壓達到預定電平後或穩定後，選擇控制電路通過使上述選擇電路選擇上述開關穩壓器之輸出路徑，便可使上述開關穩壓器之輸出供給到上述通信控制部用電源電路。
根據場通信規格，例如，如圖5所示，必須將射頻功率啟動到可進行上述初期通信為止之時間如設為不超過 5ms。為了獲得來自開關輸出之規定之直流電壓，開關穩壓器中必須設有電感器或電容器。由於係通過電感器對電容器進行充電，所以輸出電壓變為穩定為止需要較長時間。因此，如果根據開關穩壓器之輸出電壓來啟動上述通信控制部，將難於保證從射頻功率啟動到可進行上述初期通信為止之時間不超過5ms。由此，根據上述結構，在上述通信控制部啟動時，通過上述選擇電路來選擇上述旁通路徑，便可通過上述旁通路徑向上述通信控制部用電源電路供給電壓。為了從自開關輸出獲得規定之直流電壓，而必須在開關穩壓器中設置電感器或電容器，與此相反，由於串聯穩壓器不存在上述電感器或電容器，所以可在比開關穩壓器更短時間內使輸出電壓達到穩定。因此，在上述通信控制部啟動時，通過上述選擇電路來選擇上述旁通路徑，並經由上述旁通路徑向上述通信控制部用電源電路供給電壓，便可將從射頻功率啟動到可進行上述初期通信為止之時間設定為不超過5ms。
在上述開關穩壓器之輸出電壓達到預定電平後，通過上述選擇電路選擇上述開關穩壓器之輸出路徑，便可使上述開關穩壓器之輸出供給到上述通信控制部用電源電路。上述開關穩壓器中，由於進行開關動作而使電力損失較小而獲得較高効率，因此，可減少發熱量。
〔2〕上述〔1〕中的上述選擇電路可由如下器件很容易地構成：可通過上述選擇控制電路之控制來選擇上述開關穩壓器輸出路徑之第1開關元件(208)、以及可通過 上述選擇控制電路之控制來選擇上述旁通路徑之第2開關元件(206)。
〔3〕上述選擇控制電路在上述第1開關元件從非選擇狀態轉換到選擇狀態並選擇上述開關穩壓器之輸出路徑後，將上述第2開關元件控制為非選擇狀態。如果第1開關元件和第2開關元件之截止期間出現重複，供給電源之暫態中斷將有可能導致電源雜訊。因此，上述選擇控制電路如圖7所示，在第1開關元件(208)從非選擇狀態(OFF狀態)轉換到選擇狀態(ON狀態)並選擇上述開關穩壓器之輸出路徑後，將上述第2開關元件(206)控制為非選擇狀態(OFF狀態)。由此，由於不會出現電壓之暫態中斷，所以可阻止電源雜訊之發生。
〔4〕上述〔3〕中之上述通信控制部具有微電腦。
〔5〕上述〔4〕中，可在上述整流電路和上述第2開關元件之間配置串聯穩壓器(205)。上述串聯穩壓器可在比向上述開關穩壓器供給上述整流電路之輸出電壓到上述開關穩壓器之輸出電壓穩定為止所需時間更短之時間內，將上述整流電路之輸出電壓降壓到預定電平並進行輸出。如果配置了上述串聯穩壓器，便可將由上述串聯穩壓器降壓後之電壓供給到上述通信控制部用電源電路，所以，可進一步減輕上述通信控制部用電源電路中降低電壓時之負擔。
〔6〕上述〔4〕中之上述第2開關元件可為選擇上述整流電路之輸出之結構。此時，由於在上述整流電路和上 述第2開關元件之間沒設置有上述串聯穩壓器等，所以可簡化降壓電路。
〔7〕可形成包括如下裝置之無線充電系統：送電側裝置和可在非接觸狀態下從上述送電側裝置受電之受電側裝置。此時，上述受電側裝置可為與上述〔1〕~〔6〕中上述之無線充電電路同樣之結構。
2.實施方式之具體內容下面對實施方式之具體內容進行更詳細說明。
(第1實施方式)
圖1係無線充電系統。
圖1所示之無線充電系統1具有送電側裝置2和受電側裝置3。在送電側裝置2和受電側裝置3之間，通過NFC(Near Field Communication：近場通信)方式進行近距離無線通信。而且，以非接觸的方式從送電側裝置2向受電側裝置3進行電力輸送。
送電側裝置2具有：調變控制電路21、調變驅動器電路22、匹配電路23、環形天線24、NFC控制部25、NFC電源電路26。調變驅動器電路22在進行近場通信時，根據應發送的資料而將載波進行調變，但是在輸送電力時，為了供給電力而形成未調變信號。由上述調變驅動器電路22之輸出對環形天線24進行激勵。調變控制電路21控制調變驅動器電路22中之解調動作。匹配電路23與環形天線24並聯而形成諧振電路。近場通信中接收信 號經由匹配電路23而被讀取到NFC控制部25內。雖無特別限定，但NFC控制部25由具備近場通信功能之微電腦構成，且具有控制電路251、記憶體電路252、以及通信電路253。控制電路251由中央處理裝置構成，並執行為了進行NFC控制之特定之程式。記憶體電路252具有ROM(Read Only Memory：唯讀記憶體)和RAM(Random Access Memory：隨機記憶體)。上述ROM中保存有由上述中央處理裝置所執行之程式。上述RAM被用作上述中央處理裝置進行運算處理之操作區域等。通信電路253經由環形天線24進行近距離無線通信。NFC控制部25之動作用電源由NFC電源電路26供給。NFC電源電路26雖無特別限定，但是由電源適配器或通用串列匯流排(USB)等供給電源。
受電側裝置3具有：環形天線36、匹配電路31、整流電路32、電源部33、電池34、以及NFC控制部35。環形天線36因送電側裝置2之環形天線23中產生之交流磁場而產生電動勢(交流信號)。匹配電路31與環形天線36並聯而構成諧振電路。整流電路32將通過環形天線36獲得之交流信號進行整流。電源部33根據上述整流電路32之輸出電壓，向作為智慧手機等負載電路之電子電路EC供給動作用電源電壓、或者向電池34供給充電電壓、以及向NFC控制部35供給動作用電源電壓等。雖無特別限定，但電池34為1個單元之電池(4~4.2V)，如為鋰離子電池。電源部33具有降壓電路331、充電控制 電路332、以及NFC電源電路333。降壓電路331將上述整流電路32之輸出電壓進行降壓。充電控制電路332根據上述降壓電路331之輸出電壓對電池34進行充電。NFC電源電路333形成上述NFC控制部35之動作用電源電壓。近場通信中接收信號經由上述匹配電路31而被讀取到NFC控制部35內。雖無特別限定，但NFC控制部35由微電腦構成，並具有通信電路351、記憶體電路352以及控制電路353。通信電路351經由上述環形天線36進行近距離無線通信。控制電路353由中央處理裝置構成，並執行為了進行NFC控制之特定程式。記憶體電路352具有ROM和RAM。上述ROM中保存有由上述中央處理裝置所執行之程式。上述RAM被用作上述中央處理裝置進行運算處理之操作區域等。
圖2示出了上述電源部33之詳細構成例。雖無特別限定，但上述電源部33為由塑封樹脂等絕緣性樹脂進行封裝之1個樹脂封裝型半導體裝置。
圖2所示之電源部33之主要部分雖無特別限定，但是通過公開之半導體積體電路技術，一般係指形成在矽基板等一個半導體基板上之被稱為“電源部晶片”之部分。電源部晶片33C具有降壓電路331、充電控制電路332、類比/數位轉換器(以下簡稱“ADC”)210、上拉用電源電路211、以及NFC電源電路333。
電源部晶片33C上設置有：電源輸入端子VIN、接地端子DDGND、輸出端子DDOUT1，DDOUT2、系統電源 輸出端子SYS、充電端子RICHG、電池連接端子BAT、電池電壓端子VBAT、熱敏電阻連接端子TH、以及熱敏電阻電源端子THVDD。而且，電源部晶片33C上還設置有NFC電源輸出端子VDD1，VDD2、輸入/輸出端子IO、以及串列介面SIF。而且，通過電源輸入端子VIN輸入整流電路32之輸出電壓。接地端子DDGND為開關穩壓器200之接地端子。輸出端子DDOUT1，DDOUT2上外加有電感器202及電容器203。系統電源輸出端子SYS如與智慧手機等電子電路耦合，並經由上述系統電源輸出端子SYS向上述電子電路供給電源。充電端子RICHG上外加有電阻212。根據上述電阻212之值來決定對電池充電時之最大電流值。電池連接端子BAT及電池電壓端子VBAT與電池34之正極(+)耦合。熱敏電阻連接端子TH與熱敏電阻214之端子T耦合。熱敏電阻214是為了檢測電池34之溫度而設置在電池34附近。熱敏電阻電源端子THVDD經由電阻213而與熱敏電阻214耦合。從NFC電源輸出端子VDD1，VDD2輸出NFC控制部35之動作用電源電壓。經由輸入/輸出端子IO或串列介面SIF可輸入/輸出各種控制資訊。即，輸入/輸出端子IO或串列介面SIF可與NFC控制部35耦合而被用於在電源部33和NFC控制部35之間輸入/輸出各種控制資訊。
上述降壓電路331將通過電源輸入端子VIN從上述整流電路32獲得之電壓進行降壓。上述降壓電路331之輸出電壓被傳送到充電控制電路332、ADC210、上拉用 電源電路211、NFC電源電路333上。另外，上述降壓電路331之輸出電壓和電池34之輸出電壓可通過系統電源輸出端子SYS輸送到外部。
充電控制電路332經由充電端子RICHG及電池連接端子BAT對電池34進行充電。電池34之輸出電壓可通過上述充電控制電路332傳送到系統電源輸出端子SYS。
ADC210經由電池電壓端子VBAT獲取電池34之輸出電壓，並將之轉換為數位資料。另外，ADC210經由熱敏電阻連接端子TH讀取由熱敏電阻214進行之溫度檢測結果，並將之轉換為數位資料。ADC210之數位信號輸出被傳送到降壓電路331內之邏輯電路。
上拉用電源電路211經由熱敏電阻電源端子THVDD及電阻213向熱敏電阻214供給上拉用之電源電壓。
NFC電源電路333根據上述降壓電路331之輸出來形成上述NFC控制部35之動作用電源電壓。上述NFC電源電路333之輸出電壓經由NFC電源輸出端子VDD1，VDD2被供給到上述NFC控制部35。本例中雖無特別限定，但本例之構成為：由於上述NFC控制部35中利用了微電腦，所以經由NFC電源輸出端子VDD1輸出電壓為3.0V，而經由NFC電源輸出端子VDD2之輸出電壓為1.8V。
上述降壓電路331具有：開關穩壓器(DC-DC轉換器)200、電流限制元件204、開關元件206及208、串聯穩壓器205、選擇控制電路207、以及邏輯電路209。
開關穩壓器200具有開關電路201、電感器202以及電容器203，並將整流電路32之輸出電壓進行降壓。
開關電路201通過開關從由電源輸入端子VIN輸入之電壓獲取必需之能量。通過使開關電路201之輸出供給到電感器202及電容器203，便可形成預定電平之直流電壓。如圖3所示，開關電路201可為由開關元件401、二極體402、誤差放大器403、基準電壓源404、PWM(pulse width modulation：脈寬調變)比較電路405構成之結構。其中，誤差放大器403將基準電壓源404之基準電壓和輸出端子DDOUT2之電壓之差進行放大。誤差放大器403之輸出被傳送到PWM比較電路405。PWM比較電路405將誤差放大器403之輸出和在內部生成之鋸齒波進行比較後形成PWM信號。並由所形成之PWM信號來控制開關元件401之開關動作。二極體402係為了在開關元件401之截止期間維持向電感器202供給電流而設置的。開關元件401可使用p溝道型MOS電晶體。另外，二極體402也可用由PWM比較電路進行控制之n溝道型MNOS電晶體來替換。
圖2中電流限制元件204主要係為了保護上述開關穩壓器200、以及為了限制上述開關穩壓器200之輸出電流而設置的。上述開關穩壓器200之輸出經由上述電流限制元件204而被傳送到充電控制電路332及系統電源輸出端子SYS等。電流限制元件204可使用p溝道型MOS電晶體。
開關元件208係為了選擇上述開關穩壓器200之輸出電壓向上述NFC電源電路333之傳送路徑(開關穩壓器之輸出路徑(或者第1路徑))PT1而設置的。開關元件206係為了選擇上述開關穩壓器200之旁通路徑(或者第2路徑)PT2而設置的。即，旁通路徑(或者第2路徑)PT2並非經由上述開關穩壓器200，而係通過上述串聯穩壓器205將上述整流電路32之輸出電壓傳送到上述NFC電源電路333之路徑，係與上述輸出路徑(或者第1路徑)PT1不同之路徑。換言之即，上述輸出路徑或第1路徑(PT1)係為了將開關穩壓器200之輸出與上述NFC電源電路333之輸入進行耦合之路徑。上述旁通路徑(或者第2路徑)PT2係為了將上述整流電路32之輸出與上述NFC電源電路333之輸入進行耦合之路徑。上述旁通路徑(或者第2路徑)PT2將上述整流電路32之輸出與上述NFC電源電路333之輸入進行耦合，且經由與上述開關穩壓器200不同之其他調整器(串聯穩壓器205)而進行耦合的。
上述開關元件206、208具有可選擇上述開關穩壓器200之輸出路徑PT1和旁通路徑PT2之選擇電路之功能。開關元件206、208可使用p溝道型MOS電晶體。
上述開關元件206、208的選擇動作由選擇控制電路207進行控制。選擇控制電路207在上述NFC控制部35啟動時，通過使開關元件206選擇上述旁通路徑PT2，便可使上述旁通路徑PT2與上述NFC電源電路333耦合。 另外，選擇控制電路207在上述開關穩壓器200之輸出電壓達到預定電平後或者穩定後，通過使開關元件208選擇上述開關穩壓器200之輸出路徑PT1，便可使上述開關穩壓器200之輸出供給到上述NFC電源電路333。如圖6所示，上述選擇控制電路207具有：將開關穩壓器200之輸出和基準電壓源601之基準電壓進行比較之比較電路602、基於上述比較電路602之比較結果來控制開關元件206、208之選擇動作之控制器603。開關元件206、208基本上可通過控制器603來輔助性地進行導通/截止之切換。即，在開關元件206為導通而使串聯穩壓器205之輸出供給到上拉用電源電路211或NFC電源電路333時，開關元件208為截止。另一方面，在開關元件208為導通而使開關穩壓器200之輸出供給到上拉用電源電路211或NFC電源電路333時，開關元件206為截止。進行上述切換時，如果開關元件206、208之截止期間出現重複，由於供給到上拉用電源電路211及NFC電源電路333之電壓之暫態中斷，將有可能產生電源雜訊。因此，如圖7所示，上述選擇控制電路207在開關元件208從非選擇狀態(OFF狀態)轉換到選擇狀態(ON狀態)並選擇上述開關穩壓器200之輸出路徑PT1後，將上述開關元件206控制為非選擇狀態(OFF狀態)。即，通過設置開關元件206、208雙方的導通狀態之交疊期間701，便可防止供給上拉用電源電路211和NFC電源電路333之電壓出現暫態中斷，所以可阻止產生電源雜訊。
圖2中之串聯穩壓器205配置在上述整流電路32和開關元件206之間。串聯穩壓器205可在比向上述開關穩壓器200供給上述整流電路32之輸出電壓到上述開關穩壓器200之輸出電壓穩定為止所需時間更短之時間內，將上述整流電路32之輸出電壓降壓到預定電平並進行輸出。串聯穩壓器205可適用於如圖4所示之低壓差(以下簡稱“LDO”)線性穩壓器。如圖4所示之LDO線性穩壓器由基準電壓源301、誤差放大器302、p溝道型MOS電晶體303、以及電阻304，305構成。p溝道型MOS電晶體303設置在旁通路徑PT2上。p溝道型MOS電晶體303之輸出側之電壓由電阻304，305之串聯電路進行檢測，並由誤差放大器302對上述檢測結果和基準電壓源301的基準電壓之間之差進行放大，並通過上述誤差放大器302之輸出對p溝道型MOS電晶體303之導通電阻值進行控制。通過上述控制，串聯穩壓器205之輸入電壓由p溝道型MOS電晶體303進行降壓。
另外，在NFC電源電路333中，通過設置兩套如圖4所示之LDO線性穩壓器，便可形成3.0V和1.8V兩種輸出電壓。
圖2中之邏輯電路209具有各種控制用寄存器，並根據所輸入之時鐘信號，對充電控制電路332設定電池充電之條件。上述時鐘信號在電源部晶片33C之內部或外部產生。邏輯電路209經由串列介面SIF或輸入/輸出端子IO而與NFC控制部35耦合，且與上述NFC控制部35之間 進行各種控制資訊等交換。另外，電池34之充電狀態係根據充電狀態信號CSS從充電控制電路332向邏輯電路209傳送。邏輯電路209根據晶片內之溫度檢測結果及ADC210之輸出(電池34之端子電壓資訊及電池34的溫度資訊)DO對充電控制電路332設定進行電池充電之條件資訊PI。充電控制電路332根據所設定之條件進行電池充電。邏輯電路209之動作用電源電壓根據經由電源輸入端子VIN輸入之電壓，可由與上述開關穩壓器200或串聯穩壓器205不同之調整器來產生。
上述結構中，送電側裝置2中之環形天線24與受電側裝置3中之環形天線接近時，送電側裝置2和受電側裝置3之間將進行初始通信(近場通信)以交換必要資訊，並確認對象是否為被認證之充電對象、連接情況以及充電所需之電量等。根據上述初期通信所進行之資訊交換結果對送電側裝置2及受電側裝置3中之各部分進行設定。根據近場通信規格，如圖5所示，從射頻功率啟動到可進行上述初期通信為止之時間不可超過5ms。
由於開關穩壓器200係根據PWM比較電路405之輸出通過p溝道型MOS電晶體401進行開關操作的，所以為獲得規定之直流電壓，電感器202和電容器203必不可少，另外，由於係通過電感器202對電容器203進行充電的，所以輸出電壓變為穩定為止需要較長時間。因此，如果根據上述開關穩壓器200之輸出電壓來啟動NFC控制部35，則從受電側裝置3之射頻功率啟動到可進行上述 初期通信為止之時間將難於保證不超過5ms。
對此，如果為圖2所示之結構，受電側裝置3中之環形天線36之感應電壓在整流電路32中被整流後傳送至串聯穩壓器205，將通過上述串聯穩壓器205進行降壓後輸出，再通過開關元件206供給至NFC電源電路333。如圖4所示之LDO線性穩壓器中，由於不存在電感器202和電容器203，所以可在比開關穩壓器200更短時間內使輸出電壓達到穩定。因此，使開關穩壓器200之輸出供給到NFC電源電路333，並通過此時之NFC電源電路333之輸出來啟動NFC控制部35，便可使從受電側裝置3中之射頻功率啟動到可進行上述初期通信為止之時間不超過5ms。
另一方面，NFC控制部35中，由於進行上述初期通信(近場通信)時之消耗電流較少，所以可容許在串聯穩壓器205中p溝道型MOS電晶體303產生之焦耳熱。但是，除了NFC控制部35之上述初期通信(近場通信)以外之動作模式由於模式不同而有可能消耗較多電流，這時，將無法容許在串聯穩壓器205之p溝道型MOS電晶體303中產生之焦耳熱。
因此，如為圖2所示之結構，在上述開關穩壓器200之輸出電壓達到預定電平後，通過使開關元件208選擇上述開關穩壓器200之輸出路徑PT1，便可使上述開關穩壓器200之輸出供給到上述NFC電源電路333。在上述開關穩壓器200之輸出開始供給到上述NFC電源電路333 時，由於選擇控制電路207將開關元件206控制為截止，所以串聯穩壓器205之輸出將不被消耗。由於係在上述開關穩壓器200中進行開關動作，所以電力損耗小而可獲得高効率，所以發熱量比LDO線性穩壓器少。
送電側裝置2和受電側裝置3之間將進行初始通信(近場通信)以交換必要資訊，並確認對象是否為被認證之充電對象、連接情況以及充電所需之電量等，根據上述初始通信所進行資訊交換之結果對送電側裝置2及受電側裝置3中之各部分進行設定後，由充電控制電路332開始控制對電池34之充電動作。電池34之端子電壓經由ADC210被邏輯電路209進行監視。在電池34之端子電壓達到預定電平後，通過無線方式進行之電池充電將結束。另外，在受電側裝置3離開送電側裝置2而無法進行正常近場通信時，對電池之充電動作將被中斷。
(第2實施方式)
在第1實施方式中，如圖2所示，電源輸入端子VIN和開關元件206之間配置有串聯穩壓器205，但也可不使用上述串聯穩壓器205，而可將開關元件206直接與電源輸入端子VIN連接。根據相關結構，在不用串聯穩壓器205時，則從整流電路32向電源輸入端子VIN傳送之電壓將經由開關元件206而被供給至上拉用電源電路211或NFC電源電路333。從整流電路32向電源輸入端子VIN傳送之電壓為數十伏，由於其被供給至上拉用電源電路 211或NFC電源電路333，所以將增大上拉用電源電路211或NFC電源電路333之降壓負擔。但是，由於不使用串聯穩壓器205，降壓電路331之電路規模將比圖2所示小。
以上根據實施方式具體地說明了本案發明人所作之發明，但是本發明並不受到上述實施方式之限定，在不超出其要旨之範圍內能夠進行種種變更，在此無需贅言。
例如，電源部33和NFC控制部35也由1個IC構成。
33‧‧‧電源部
33C‧‧‧電源部晶片
34‧‧‧電池
200‧‧‧開關穩壓器
201‧‧‧開關電路
202‧‧‧電感器
203‧‧‧電容器
204‧‧‧電流限制元件
205‧‧‧串聯穩壓器
206,208‧‧‧開關元件
207‧‧‧選擇控制電路
209‧‧‧邏輯電路
210‧‧‧ADC
211‧‧‧上拉用電源電路
212、213‧‧‧電阻
214‧‧‧熱敏電阻
331‧‧‧降壓電路
333‧‧‧NFC電源電路

Claims (11)

  1. 一種無線充電電路，包含：環形天線，通信控制部，可對經由上述環形天線所進行之近距離無線通信進行控制，整流電路，用以將經由上述環形天線所獲得的交流信號進行整流，以及與上述整流電路耦合之電源部；上述電源部包含：降壓電路，用以將上述整流電路之輸出進行降壓，充電控制電路，使用上述降壓電路之輸出而對電池進行充電，以及通信控制部用電源電路，根據上述降壓電路之輸出而用以形成上述通信控制部之動作用電源電壓；上述降壓電路包含：開關穩壓器，可將從上述整流電路輸出之電壓進行降壓，選擇電路，可選擇上述開關穩壓器之輸出路徑和用來避開上述開關穩壓器之旁通路徑，以及選擇控制電路，在上述通信控制部啟動時，通過使上述選擇電路選擇上述旁通路徑，便可經由上述旁通路徑向上述通信控制部用電源電路供給電壓，並在上述開關穩壓器之輸出電壓達到預定電平後，再使上述選擇電路選擇上述開關穩壓器之輸出路徑，便可使上述開關穩壓器之輸出 供給到上述通信控制部用電源電路；上述選擇電路包含：第1開關元件，可藉由上述選擇控制電路之控制來選擇上述開關穩壓器之輸出路徑，第2開關元件，可藉由上述選擇控制電路之控制來選擇上述旁通路徑。
  2. 如專利申請範圍第1項所記載之無線充電電路，其中，上述選擇控制電路在上述第1開關元件從非選擇狀態轉移到選擇狀態並選擇上述開關穩壓器之輸出路徑後，將上述第2開關元件控制為非選擇狀態。
  3. 如專利申請範圍第2項所記載之無線充電電路，其中，上述通信控制部具有微電腦。
  4. 如專利申請範圍第3項所記載之無線充電電路，其中，上述整流電路和上述第2開關元件之間配置有串聯穩壓器，且在比向上述開關穩壓器供給上述整流電路之輸出電壓到上述開關穩壓器之輸出電壓穩定為止所需時間更短之時間內，上述串聯穩壓器將上述整流電路之輸出電壓降壓到預定電平並進行輸出。
  5. 如專利申請範圍第3項所記載之無線充電電路，其中，上述第2開關元件選擇上述整流電路之輸出。
  6. 一種無線充電系統，包含：送電側裝置，以及受電側裝置，可從上述送電側裝置以非接觸狀態進行受電；上述受電側裝置包含：環形天線，通信控制部，可對經由上述環形天線在與上述送電側裝置之間所進行之近距離無線通信進行控制，整流電路，用以將通過上述環形天線所獲得的交流信號進行整流，以及與上述整流電路耦合之電源部；上述電源部包含：降壓電路，用以將上述整流電路之輸出進行降壓，充電控制電路，用於使用上述降壓電路之輸出而對電池進行充電，以及通信控制部用電源電路，根據上述降壓電路之輸出而用以形成上述通信控制部之動作用電源電壓；上述降壓電路包含：可將從上述整流電路輸出之電壓進行降壓之開關穩壓器，選擇電路，可選擇上述開關穩壓器之輸出路徑和用來避開上述開關穩壓器之旁通路徑，以及選擇控制電路，在上述通信控制部啟動時，通過使上述選擇電路選擇上述旁通路徑，便可經由上述旁通路徑向 上述通信控制部用電源電路供給電壓，並在上述開關穩壓器之輸出電壓達到預定電平後，利用使上述選擇電路選擇上述開關穩壓器之輸出路徑，便可使上述開關穩壓器之輸出供給到上述通信控制部用電源電路；上述選擇電路包含：第1開關元件，可藉由上述選擇控制電路之控制來選擇上述開關穩壓器之輸出路徑，第2開關元件，可藉由上述選擇控制電路之控制來選擇上述旁通路徑。
  7. 一種半導體裝置，係包含：整流電路，用以將經由天線所獲得的交流信號進行整流，以及與上述整流電路耦合之電源部；其中，上述電源部包含：降壓電路，用以將上述整流電路之輸出電壓進行降壓，電源電路，用於根據上述降壓電路之輸出電壓來形成通信控制部之動作用電源電壓，上述通信控制部可對經由上述天線所進行的近距離無線通信進行控制；其中，上述降壓電路包含：開關電路，其包含在為了將上述整流電路之輸出電壓進行降壓之DC-DC轉換器中，選擇電路，可選擇設在上述DC-DC轉換器之輸出和 上述電源電路的輸入之間的第1路徑，或選擇與上述第1路徑不同且設在上述整流電路之輸出和上述電源電路的輸入之間的第2路徑，以及選擇控制電路，在上述通信控制部啟動時，使上述選擇電路選擇上述第2路徑、且在上述DC-DC轉換器之輸出電壓達到預定電平或穩定後，再使上述選擇電路選擇上述第1路徑；上述選擇電路包含：第1開關元件，可藉由上述選擇控制電路的控制而選擇上述第1路徑，以及第2開關元件，可藉由上述選擇控制電路的控制而選擇上述第2路徑。
  8. 如專利申請範圍第7項所記載之半導體裝置，其中，還包含：使用上述降壓電路之輸出對電池進行充電之充電控制電路。
  9. 如專利申請範圍第8項所記載之半導體裝置，其中，上述選擇控制電路，係藉由將上述第1開關元件從非選擇狀態控制為選擇狀態來選擇上述第1路徑後，將上述第2開關元件從選擇狀態控制為非選擇狀態。
  10. 如專利申請範圍第9項所記載之半導體裝置，其中，包含設在上述整流電路和上述第2開關元件之間的串 聯穩壓器，上述串聯穩壓器，係在比向上述DC-DC轉換器供給上述整流電路之輸出電壓到上述DC-DC轉換器之輸出電壓穩定為止所需時間更短之時間內，將上述整流電路之輸出電壓降壓到預定電平並進行輸出。
  11. 如專利申請範圍第10項所記載之半導體裝置，其中，上述第2開關元件，係選擇上述整流電路的輸出。
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US9035603B2 (en) 2015-05-19
TW201742355A (zh) 2017-12-01
CN103312015A (zh) 2013-09-18
TW201401714A (zh) 2014-01-01
US9520739B2 (en) 2016-12-13
US20150229158A1 (en) 2015-08-13
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US20130234658A1 (en) 2013-09-12
CN107171422A (zh) 2017-09-15

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