TWI580565B - 玻璃面板及具有此玻璃面板之顯示裝置 - Google Patents
玻璃面板及具有此玻璃面板之顯示裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI580565B TWI580565B TW101147480A TW101147480A TWI580565B TW I580565 B TWI580565 B TW I580565B TW 101147480 A TW101147480 A TW 101147480A TW 101147480 A TW101147480 A TW 101147480A TW I580565 B TWI580565 B TW I580565B
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Description
本發明關於投影到疊層玻璃支撐件上的影像之顯示系統的領域。
此種系統的一種應用乃特別見於在窗戶上產生顯示的領域,並且尤其是在抬頭顯示器(head-up display,HUD)的領域。這些系統允許例如影像的資訊被顯示,而又允許觀察者同時觀察周遭的真實影像和顯示的資訊。這些顯示器舉例而言係用於飛機駕駛艙、火車或汽車。因此,駕駛人可以看到顯示的資訊,而不放棄凝視車輛前面的視野。
如果想要使用包括照明圖案的疊層玻璃面板而具有背景光、備援、裝飾或資訊的功能,則根據本發明的顯示系統也可以用於建築應用。
傳統而言,於汽車領域的應用,額外的影像是藉由將資訊投影到具有疊層結構的擋風玻璃(亦即由二玻璃板和塑膠中介層所形成)上而獲得。
有各式各樣的系統來顯示視覺資訊,特別是用來做為車輛駕駛人的輔助。
特定的「抬頭」顯示器乃投影出虛像,其由擋風玻璃所反射而給使用者的印象是看到形成於車輛前面的影像。其他的系統則投影出實像並且需要冷光物種存在於疊層結構
中。該層冷光材料吸收紫外光或紅外光範圍的輻射並且再發出可見光。磷光劑的選擇乃視入射之激發輻射的波長而定。當波長是於紫外光範圍時,便要提到「向下轉換」(down conversion)。反過來說,當波長落於紅外光範圍時,便要提到「向上轉換」(up conversion)。該影像是實像並且形成於疊層玻璃面板的平面。
關於需要冷光物種(實像)的駕駛人輔助系統,已描述了二種變化。世界專利申請案第02/058402號敘述HUD系統,其中冷光材料層整個覆蓋了擋風玻璃的面積。想要的訊息是藉由使用複雜的光學系統來局部激發磷光劑而出現,該系統裝配了用於導引紫外光/紅外光源所發出之光束的系統,其包括檢流計或微反射鏡,或者裝配了允許影像被形成和投影的系統,舉例而言,譬如液晶顯示陣列和中繼透鏡。這些照明系統既大且貴。
於所述的另一種變化,舉例而言於歐洲專利申請案第1 793 261號或法國專利申請案第2 929 017號,磷光材料層乃局部沉積而成預先印刷之象形圖示的形式,其然後被簡單的光學系統所照明。除了磷光材料的沉積複雜性以外,這些預先印刷之象形圖示的缺點在於冷光分子事實上傾向於在聚合物中介層裡遷移。因為這遷移,所以預先印刷之象形圖示的輪廓變得模糊,象形圖示隨著時間而變得難以辨識。再者,冷光物種的壽命有限,並且在紫外光的效果下逐漸褪色。因此必須使用穩健的冷光物種,因而限制了可以使用之化合物的數目。
再者,上述的多樣系統乃設計成使得視覺資訊顯示在用於觀察道路交通的區域,其係在擋風玻璃的澄清或透明部分。因此駕駛人將會有分心的風險,其可能聚焦於顯示的資訊而非外部事件。附帶而言,這些系統就大部分而言並不提供足夠的對比以允許資訊在明亮外部光條件下正確的閱讀。為了克服這問題,一種解決方式係在於將系統裝配上高功率的光源,例如紫外光雷射,這對於包含它們之車輛內外的健康和安全都有危險。
世界專利申請案第2009/122094號敘述了併入HUD顯示裝置的疊層擋風玻璃,其中沉積成象形圖示形式的磷光材料層乃定位在擋風玻璃上而與黑色琺瑯不透明層一致。這黑色披覆層設置在磷光層後面而在入射輻射的傳遞方向上並且吸收紫外光。此解決方式得以避免任何危險的入射輻射逃脫進出車輛的乘客空間。它也避免了外部輻射使磷光劑劣化。
然而,該磷光層仍難以沉積,此係由於它必須沉積成象形圖示的形式。磷光劑在塑膠中介層中的遷移仍然是個問題,其導致印刷的影像模糊:象形圖示遂變得模糊,特別是在一再發生強烈照明的效果下,該強烈照明有周期性的將玻璃面板組件升到極高溫的效果。
本發明提供在疊層支撐件上產生影像的顯示裝置,其允許以較低成本來解決前述的所有問題。
提出的解決方式允許資訊顯示於玻璃面板的特定區域,其中對比對於該資訊來說是夠高的而僅能從裡面看到,而無高功率或複雜性,這是因為裝配了用於控制光束方向的系統,而需要同調光源。
附帶而言,冷光物種的選擇不再由其轉換率、其壽命、其擴散的傾向所支配。可以基於成本、實施冷光物種有多容易、產生的顏色來做這選擇。
就緊湊性、抗震動性、抗溫度變化性、價格而言,根據本發明的照明裝置輕易符合汽車工業的規格。
更精確而言,本發明關於顯示裝置的玻璃面板,該玻璃面板包括至少以下的組件:外部第一透明板和內部第二透明板,每片板包括外面和內面,該玻璃板是由可熱形成材料所製成的中介層或由併入此種中介層的多層片而連結在一起;保護層,其由不透明材料所製成的而接觸外部第一板的內面;遮罩層,其由不透明材料所製成的而接觸內部第二板的內面,該遮罩層包括形成象形圖示的孔;以及摻雜了冷光物種之材料的均勻層,選擇該冷光物種是因為它們吸收產生在紫外光或紅外光範圍輻射之光源所產生的光輻射並且再發出在可見光範圍的光輻射,該均勻層係設置於玻璃面板中而在該遮罩層和該保護層之間。
形成玻璃面板之玻璃板的「內面」(internal face)是朝向組件裡面的那一面,而「外面」(external face)則是
朝向外面的那一面。
「均勻的」(uniform)一詞要了解意謂摻雜了冷光物種的材料係遍佈於該層。
「形成象形圖示的孔」(apertures forming pictograms)是產生於遮罩層中的孔,其形狀乃視該象形圖示的設計而定來做調整。
有利而言,摻雜了冷光物種的均勻層是由中介層或中介層的一部分所形成,而冷光物種係併入該中介層或中介層的該部分裡。
根據另一實施例,摻雜的均勻層是沉積在未摻雜的中介層上之摻雜的聚合物膜,而阻障層係可選用的設置在摻雜的膜和中介層之間。
較佳而言,遮罩層位在內部第二板接觸中介層或多層片的內面上。保護層則位在外部第一板接觸中介層或多層片的內面上。
形成該中介層的可熱形成材料係選自由以下所構成的群組:聚乙烯丁醛(PVB)、塑化聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚胺酯(PU)或乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)。
遮罩層是黑色琺瑯層、漆披覆、不透明油墨層、或著色的或塗漆的聚合物(舉例而言,譬如聚乙烯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)層。
保護層是黑色琺瑯層、漆披覆、不透明油墨層、或著色的或塗漆的聚合物(舉例而言,譬如聚乙烯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)層。
有利而言,遮罩層和保護層是由相同材料所製成的。
在不偏離本發明的範圍下,至少一額外功能膜乃可選用的設置在二透明玻璃板之間。
此功能膜可以是設置在內部第二板上的抗紫外光反射層,或是設置在外部第一板上的紫外光反射層。
產生紫外光或紅外光輻射的光源是發光二極體或發光二極體的陣列。該產生光源可以直接照明該層組件或者經由邊緣面來產生照明。
當經由邊緣面而達成照明時,由折射率低於摻雜層或中介層的折射率之材料所製成的至少一功能層係有利的設置在二透明玻璃板之間。
本發明也關於在疊層玻璃面板上產生顯示的裝置,該系統是由用於產生光的光源以及例如上述的玻璃面板所構成。
圖1顯示根據本發明之顯示裝置1的示意圖,其包括外部透明板(玻璃板)4和內部透明板(玻璃板)6以及光源3a,3b(若照明是直接的則為3a,若照明是經由邊緣面則為3b)。
舉例而言,玻璃板4和6可以是由礦物玻璃或例如聚碳酸酯的有機玻璃所製成的。
二玻璃板之間有由塑膠所製成的片狀中介層2,該塑膠例如聚乙烯丁醛(PVB)、塑化聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚
胺酯(PU)或乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA),或者其實甚至是併入該中介層片的熱塑性多層片,舉例而言具有聚對苯二甲酸乙酯(PET)成分。此種多層片中的諸層順序舉例而言可能是PVB/PET/PVB。
用於根據本發明之裝置的磷光劑是習用於冷光應用的磷光劑,並且它們視所要的顏色和所採用的光源而定來選擇。已知回應於紫外光激發(向下轉換)或紅外光激發(向上轉換)之任何可得的磷光劑都可以選擇。此種材料舉例而言可以選自無機磷光劑。可以提及的是由氧化物、鹵化物、硫化物、矽酸鹽、磷酸鹽、硼酸鹽、鋁酸鹽所製成的無機磷光劑,而最常是由金屬所製成的。為了得到螢光,這些材料形成基質而摻雜了至少一元素,該元素係選自稀土元素,舉例而言選自Eu、Ce、Pr、Tb、Tm、Dy、Nd、Gd,或者選自過渡金屬,舉例而言選自Mn、Cr、Ti、Ag、Zn或Cu。
雷射染料型磷光劑也可以用於本發明的情形,有機聚合物也是。也可能從此技藝中已知為量子點的奈米級II-VI族或III-V族半導體結構來選擇磷光劑。
有機金屬分子也可以使用做為本發明情形下的磷光劑。它們舉例而言是由螢光中心所構成,該中心是由被有機基團所包圍且鍵結的至少一金屬或稀土原子所構成。
可能恰使用一種冷光物種以便產生單色光。也可能使用空間上分離的冷光物種以便得到單色顯示但有多種不同顏色。可選用而言具有分開吸收帶之冷光物種的混合物可
以允許獲得多色的顯示。
舉例來說,為了得到具有藍色的顯示器,使用2,5-二噻吩基雙(5-三級丁基-1,3-苯并唑)或二乙基2,5-二羥基對苯二甲酯。
為了得到紅色,可以使用具有β-萘甲醯三氟丙酮配位基的Eu3+錯合物;並且為了得到綠色,可以使用苯并酮衍生物。
於圖1所示的實施例,根據本發明之摻雜的均勻層是由中介層所形成。此種由摻雜之聚合物所構成的中介層傳統上可以藉由以下方式而獲得:把冷光物種濺鍍到未摻雜之中介層的表面上、把未摻雜之中介層浸入包含冷光物種的溶液中、或者在擠製中介層之前先混合聚合物和冷光物種。
在不偏離本發明的範圍以及根據未在此示範於圖式的其他實施例,也可能使摻雜的聚合物膜連結至未摻雜的中介層。摻雜的膜和中介層可選用的由阻障層(舉例而言,譬如聚對苯二甲酸乙酯(PET)膜)所分開。
在疊層之前,亦即在多樣的片被組合之前,由不透明材料所製成的保護層5乃沉積在外部玻璃板4的內面上。此保護層的角色有三個:一方面,它相對於閱讀顯示的視覺資訊而言形成了黑色背景;另一方面,它的作用是做為阻擋外部光的螢幕,因而名為「保護層」(protective layer)。最後,這保護層5也避免了任何入射的紫外光輻射逃向外部。保護層必須設置在包含磷光劑之層的後面
而在入射輻射的行進方向上。
存在這層確保了顯示裝置的對比是優異的,並且確保了視覺資訊甚至可以在明亮外部光條件下被看到。視覺資訊無法從外部閱讀,因此可能使用例如紅色的顯示顏色而不遭遇法規的問題。再者,由於這一層,有可能確保所有入射的紫外光輻射(特別是當它由紫外光二極體或紫外光雷射所發射而成集中束時)被擋住並且侷限於玻璃面板。
保護層是不透明的,並且可以由沉積在玻璃板上之黑色琺瑯、沉積在聚合物中介層上之光學不透明漆或油墨、或連結和疊層在外部玻璃板4和中介層2之間的不透明之著色的或塗漆的聚合物層所製成的。
保護層可以使用此技藝已知的任何技術來沉積。
由不透明材料所製成的遮罩層7是在疊層之前便沉積在內部玻璃板6的內面上。此遮罩層7包含形成象形圖示11的孔8。
於本發明的背景下,「形成象形圖示的孔」是要了解意謂產生於遮罩層7中的孔,而孔的形狀乃視該象形圖示想要的設計而定來做調整,如圖1和2所示範。它們尤其是遮罩層中的空洞,亦即沒有遮罩材料(琺瑯)的區域,並且當空洞經由入射的紫外光輻射所照明時,該空洞是由底下均勻發光的中介層2所照亮背面,其形狀對應於由駕駛人識別為代表簡單、立即之資訊的圖形。
因此,視覺資訊乃包含於遮罩層中。遮罩層是不透明的,並且可以是沉積在玻璃板上的黑色琺瑯、沉積在聚合
物中介層上的光學不透明漆或油墨、或連結和疊層在內部玻璃板6和中介層2之間的不透明之著色的或塗漆的聚合物層。
包含(多個)象形圖示的遮罩層可以使用此技藝中已知的任何技術來沉積,舉非限制性範例而言,包括網版印刷技術、噴墨印刷技術或者甚至是平版、柔版或凹版印刷技術。
層9a和9b是額外的功能層,其係可選用的出現。有可能在二玻璃板之間插入具有特定性質的一或更多層。因此,已知阻擋所用激發輻射之反射的材料層9a可以插在內部第二玻璃板6上。紫外光反射層9b可以設置在外部第一玻璃板4上。
可以設想到加入允許改善光擷取的功能層,舉例而言,藉由產生集中在冷光材料之發射尖峰的抗反射多層而接觸內部玻璃板以及/或者在這波長反射的多層而接觸外部玻璃板來為之。
藉由產生集中在冷光材料之發射波長上的全息圖,則可選用的功能層可以允許視覺資訊看得更清楚。
圖1以截面來顯示的諸片順序如下:外部玻璃板4/保護層5/(可選用的)功能層9b/摻雜了冷光物種的中介層2/(可選用的)功能層9a/包括孔8的遮罩層7/內部玻璃板6。
發出紫外光或紅外光輻射並且用於根據本發明之裝置的產生光源有利而言是習用的低功率光源。照明裝置的成
本和安全是容易控制的。
所用的光源較佳而言是發光二極體(light-emitting diode,LED)或發光二極體的陣列。舉例來說,將會提及發出365、385、405奈米的LED。可以設想到使用多個二極體的陣列來做為照明系統,而每個二極體可能分別受到控制。
象形圖示因此可以由一或更多個LED所照明。或許可以採用準直光學構件。
相對於先前技藝系統所知的照明裝置而言,並不需要用於控制光束方向的複雜系統,並且視覺資訊不須在預先界定的角度下來照明。照明裝置具有極緊湊的優點,因此容易併入車輛,特別是併入乘客空間。此外,它極穩健,並且不包括易碎或可移動的構件。
光源可以直接照明象形圖示(光源3a的情形)。
根據一實施例,光源3b可以經由邊緣面來照明多層。有利而言,於此組態,由低折射率材料所製成的一層乃設置在二玻璃板之間以便改善光的導引。該層舉例而言可以是折射率在1.1和1.3之間的巨孔性層,或者甚至是由折射率低於1.5之塑膠(例如PET)所製成的。
根據本發明的裝置可以應用於任何疊層支撐件。於汽車領域,它可以用於天窗、擋風玻璃、疊層側窗、習用於傳統HUD系統的玻璃單元、玻璃儀器面板元件......。
於建築應用的背景下,本發明可以用於包括至少一不透明區域的疊層玻璃面板,亦即用於噴亮漆、塗漆或搪瓷
的玻璃......。這玻璃舉例而言可以用於形成窗戶、牆壁包覆層、隔間、門、標誌、商店櫥窗、鏡子、架子、防濺擋板、地板或天花板、欄杆......。螢光象形圖示具有許多可能的應用:訊號(位置、方向)、銷售點的宣傳(標誌)、家庭自動化(控制按鈕)、裝飾光或背景光。
圖2顯示擋風玻璃10,而在其邊緣上的視覺資訊乃使用根據本發明的裝置來顯示。習用而言,是以黑色琺瑯所製成的不透明披覆來覆蓋擋風玻璃的周邊部分。也可能以上述的想法而把象形圖示11設置於這周邊區域中。
以根據本發明的裝置來說,當關閉光源(關閉狀態)時便無法看到資訊。
1‧‧‧顯示裝置
2‧‧‧中介層
3a‧‧‧光源
3b‧‧‧光源
4‧‧‧外部(第一)透明板(玻璃板)、玻璃板
5‧‧‧保護層
6‧‧‧內部(第二)透明板(玻璃板)、玻璃板
7‧‧‧遮罩層
8‧‧‧孔
9a‧‧‧功能層、材料層、層
9b‧‧‧功能層、紫外光反射層、層
10‧‧‧擋風玻璃
11‧‧‧象形圖示
在閱讀以下非限制性實施例的描述時,本發明及其優點將會更好理解,其參考了以下圖式。
圖1顯示形成根據本發明裝置之膜的順序。
圖2顯示使用根據本發明裝置來顯示而包括視覺資訊的擋風玻璃。
1‧‧‧顯示裝置
2‧‧‧中介層
3a‧‧‧光源
3b‧‧‧光源
4‧‧‧外部(第一)透明板、玻璃板
5‧‧‧保護層
6‧‧‧內部(第二)透明板、玻璃板
7‧‧‧遮罩層
8‧‧‧孔
9a、9b‧‧‧額外功能層
Claims (16)
- 一種玻璃面板,包括:外部第一透明板和內部第二透明板,每一該透明板包括外面和內面,二該透明板是由可熱形成材料所製成的中介層或由併入此中介層的多層片而連結在一起;保護層,其由不透明材料所製成的而接觸該外部第一透明板的該內面;遮罩層,其由不透明材料所製成的而接觸該內部第二透明板的該內面,該遮罩層包括形成象形圖示的孔;以及摻雜了冷光物種之材料的均勻層,該冷光物種吸收產生在紫外光或紅外光範圍輻射之至少二光源所產生的光輻射並且再發出在可見光範圍的光輻射,該均勻層係設置於該玻璃面板中而在該遮罩層和該保護層之間。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項的玻璃面板,其中該摻雜的均勻層是該中介層或該中介層的一部分,而該冷光物種係併入該中介層或該中介層的該部分。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項的玻璃面板,其中該摻雜的均勻層是沉積在未摻雜的中介層上之摻雜的聚合物膜,而阻障層設置在該摻雜的膜和該中介層之間。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項的玻璃面板,其中該遮罩層位在接觸該中介層或多層片的那面上。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項的玻璃面板,其中該保護層位在接觸該中介層或多層片的那面上。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項的玻璃面板,其中形成該 中介層的該可熱形成材料係選自由聚乙烯丁醛(PVB)、塑化聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚胺酯(PU)和乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)所構成的群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項的玻璃面板,其中該遮罩層和該保護層係選自由黑色琺瑯層、漆披覆、不透明油墨層和著色的或塗漆的聚合物層所構成的群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第7項的玻璃面板,其中著色的或塗漆的該聚合物為聚乙烯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯層。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項的玻璃面板,其中該遮罩層和該保護層是由相同材料所製成的。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項的玻璃面板,其中至少一額外的功能膜是設置在該二透明板之間。
- 根據申請專利範圍第10項的玻璃面板,其中該功能膜是設置在該內部第二透明板上的抗紫外光反射層,或是設置在該外部第一透明板上的紫外光反射層。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項的玻璃面板,其中至少二該光源是發光二極體或發光二極體的陣列。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項的玻璃面板,其中至少二該光源之一者直接照明該層組件。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項的玻璃面板,其中至少二該光源之另一者經由邊緣面來產生照明。
- 根據申請專利範圍第14項的玻璃面板,其中由折射率低於該中介層的折射率之材料所製成的至少一功能層 乃設置在二該透明板之間。
- 一種顯示裝置,其包括根據申請專利範圍第1到15項中任一項所述的玻璃面板,以及額外光源,其中該顯示裝置在該玻璃面板上產生影像。
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FR1162312A FR2985042B1 (fr) | 2011-12-22 | 2011-12-22 | Dispositif de visualisation d'une image sur un support feuillete |
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EP (1) | EP2794265B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6427006B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101966482B1 (zh) |
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CA (1) | CA2856841C (zh) |
EA (1) | EA025357B1 (zh) |
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JP6427006B2 (ja) | 2018-11-21 |
BR112014013200A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
CA2856841C (en) | 2018-02-20 |
CN103998236A (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
WO2013093351A1 (fr) | 2013-06-27 |
EA025357B1 (ru) | 2016-12-30 |
CA2856841A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
FR2985042B1 (fr) | 2014-01-17 |
MX358221B (es) | 2018-08-10 |
EP2794265A1 (fr) | 2014-10-29 |
EP2794265B1 (fr) | 2015-12-16 |
MX2014007574A (es) | 2014-08-27 |
US9477022B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 |
US20140355106A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
KR20140107271A (ko) | 2014-09-04 |
CN103998236B (zh) | 2016-09-07 |
JP2015513684A (ja) | 2015-05-14 |
KR101966482B1 (ko) | 2019-04-05 |
TW201338972A (zh) | 2013-10-01 |
PL2794265T3 (pl) | 2016-05-31 |
EA201491239A1 (ru) | 2014-09-30 |
ES2559657T3 (es) | 2016-02-15 |
FR2985042A1 (fr) | 2013-06-28 |
PT2794265E (pt) | 2015-12-31 |
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