TWI553948B - 電池 - Google Patents

電池 Download PDF

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TWI553948B
TWI553948B TW104128561A TW104128561A TWI553948B TW I553948 B TWI553948 B TW I553948B TW 104128561 A TW104128561 A TW 104128561A TW 104128561 A TW104128561 A TW 104128561A TW I553948 B TWI553948 B TW I553948B
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negative electrode
battery
aqueous electrolyte
positive electrode
modified aqueous
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TW104128561A
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TW201605107A (zh
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吳佳典
吳佳芸
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吳佳典
吳佳芸
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Priority to TW104128561A priority Critical patent/TWI553948B/zh
Publication of TW201605107A publication Critical patent/TW201605107A/zh
Priority to CN201610711715.7A priority patent/CN106486707A/zh
Priority to US15/252,742 priority patent/US20170062840A1/en
Priority to GB1614713.4A priority patent/GB2543399B/en
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Publication of TWI553948B publication Critical patent/TWI553948B/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/06—Electrodes for primary cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/045—Cells with aqueous electrolyte characterised by aqueous electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • H01M12/065—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode with plate-like electrodes or stacks of plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/46—Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
    • H01M4/466—Magnesium based
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
    • H01M50/51—Connection only in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/514—Methods for interconnecting adjacent batteries or cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Description

電池
本發明係關於一種電池，特別關於一種具有改良型水性電解液之鎂電池，該改良型水性電解液具有延緩該鎂電池負極惰性膜形成之功能，以及一種提高該電池負極或正極之易銲接方法。
鎂與鎂合金具有容易與水、空氣等反應之缺點，故以鎂或鎂合金作為負極之電池，該負極與電解液反應後，形成一層不導電之惰性膜，而縮短鎂電池壽命；目前尚未有實用之方法解決該惰性膜之難題。
又鎂或鎂合金之負極不易銲接，目前最常用之方法是將該負極與一可銲導電材鉚合，或以物理蒸鍍或化學蒸鍍或電鍍，在該負極表面鍍上一層可銲導電材。鉚合方法，其接觸電阻大，該接觸電阻並隨時間增長而增大；物理蒸鍍或化學蒸鍍，成本過高；電鍍亦不便宜，且在電鍍過程中，易污染環境。
本發明之目的，係為提供一種具有改良型水性電解液之鎂電池，用以延緩該鎂電池負極惰性膜之形成；又本發明之另一目的，係為提供一種電池負極與正極之易銲接方法。
為了達成上述延緩該鎂電池負極惰性膜之形成之目的，經由 長期研究與反覆實驗結果，發現丙烯酸、丙烯酸聚合物、丙烯酸鹽類聚合物，均具有延緩該負極惰性膜形成之功能。即在水性電解液內，添加至少包括有一丙烯酸、丙烯酸聚合物、丙烯酸鹽類聚合物，可明顯延長該負極之壽命。
為了達成提高該鎂電池負極與正極易銲接之目的，其方法是在該負極與正極上被覆一層導電膠，且在該導電膠上黏貼一易銲導電體，則可在該易銲導電體上進行錫銲加工；該導電膠，除可防水外並可隔離空氣，防止該負極與正極繼續氧化。又在串聯二個電池單元時，只要將其中之一個電池單元之負極，與另一個電池單元之正極，以導電膠貼合即可。
1‧‧‧絕緣殼體
1a‧‧‧絕緣殼體
1b‧‧‧絕緣殼體
1c‧‧‧絕緣殼體
2‧‧‧負極
2a‧‧‧負極
3‧‧‧薄膜
3a‧‧‧薄膜
4‧‧‧改良型水性電解液
4a‧‧‧改良型水性電解液
5‧‧‧正極
5a‧‧‧正極
5b‧‧‧正極
6‧‧‧吸水層
6a‧‧‧吸水層
7‧‧‧導電膠
7a‧‧‧導電膠
7b‧‧‧導電膠
8‧‧‧易銲導電體
8a‧‧‧易銲導電體
第1圖係本發明第一較佳實施例之剖視圖。
第2圖係本發明第二較佳實施例之剖視圖。
第3圖係本發明第三較佳實施例之剖視圖。
第4圖係本發明第四較佳實施例之剖視圖。
第5圖係本發明第五較佳實施例之剖視圖。
本發明之電池至少包括如第1圖所示之一個電池單元，該電池單元至少包括一負極2、一改良型水性電解液4、一正極5。
第1圖係本發明第一較佳實施例之剖視圖，係由一絕緣殼體1、一負極2、一改良型水性電解液4、一正極5所組成。負極2之材質包括有：鎂或以鎂為主要成份之合金。正極5之材質包括有：鐵或鎳或錫或銅或鈦或 銀或鉑或金或不銹鋼或碳或奈米碳或活性碳之單體，或以鐵或鎳或錫或銅或銀或鈦或鉑或金為主要成份之合金，或以碳或活性碳或奈米碳為主要成份之合成物等。改良型水性電解液4包括有一觸媒與一添加物。該觸媒具有活化水之功能，水活化後，物理、化學性質發生變化，氫鍵變弱易於解離；該觸媒至少包括有一奈米金屬、一奈米氧化物、一奈米硫化物、一奈米氮化物、一奈米碳化物、一奈米稀土氧化物等。該添加物至少包括有一丙烯酸、丙烯酸聚合物、丙烯酸鹽類聚合物。經由長期研究與反覆實驗結果，該添加物無論添加量之多寡(實驗範圍0.1%至99.9%)，均有延緩鎂電池負極惰性膜形成之效果。
第2圖係本發明第二較佳實施例之剖視圖，係由一絕緣殼體1、一負極2、一薄膜3、一改良型水性電解液4、一正極5、一吸水層6所組成，正極5為一可銲導電體。薄膜3介於負極2與改良型水性電解液4之間。吸水層6置入改良型水性電解液4中，吸水層6吸附改良型水性電解液4，具有降低改良型水性電解液4外洩之功能。薄膜3為離子傳導性材料，主要用途是用來傳導離子，並隔離負極2與正極5，以避免其直接反應，包括有：質子交換膜(Proton Exchange Membrane)、奈米薄膜、高分子膜等。
第3圖係本發明第三較佳實施例之剖視圖，係由一絕緣殼體1a、一負極2、一薄膜3、一改良型水性電解液4、一正極5、一吸水層6、一導電膠7、一易銲導電體8所組成，正極5為一可銲導電體。薄膜3介於負極2與改良型水性電解液4之間，吸水層6置入改良型水性電解液4中。因為負極2為鎂或以鎂為主要成份之合金很難錫銲，所以可在負極2之另一側被覆一層導電膠7，並在導電膠7上黏貼一易銲導電體8後，則可在易銲導電體8上 進行錫銲加工；電流經由易銲導電體8、導電膠7、負極2、薄膜3、改良型水性電解液4至正極5。導電膠7除可防水外並可隔離空氣，防止負極2氧化。可在易銲導電體8與正極5上，各錫銲一電線作為其它連線用。
第4圖係本發明第四較佳實施例之剖視圖，係由一絕緣殼體1b、一負極2、一薄膜3、一改良型水性電解液4、一正極5、一吸水層6、一導電膠7、一易銲導電體8、一負極2a、一薄膜3a、一改良型水性電解液4a、一正極5a、一吸水層6a、一導電膠7a所組成，正極5、正極5a為一可銲導電體。薄膜3介於負極2與改良型水性電解液4之間，吸水層6置入改良型水性電解液4中；薄膜3a介於負極2a與改良型水性電解液4a之間，吸水層6a置入改良型水性電解液4a中。在負極2之另一側被覆一層導電膠7，並在導電膠7上黏貼一易銲導電體8；在負極2a之另一側被覆一層導電膠7a，再與正極5黏合，而成為二個電池單元串聯在一起之電池。電流可經由易銲導電體8、導電膠7、負極2、薄膜3、改良型水性電解液4、正極5、導電膠7a、負極2a、薄膜3a、改良型水性電解液4a至正極5a。可在易銲導電體8與正極5a上，各錫銲一電線作為其它連線用。
第5圖係本發明第五較佳實施例之剖視圖，係由一絕緣殼體1c、一負極2、一薄膜3、一改良型水性電解液4、一正極5、一吸水層6、一導電膠7、一導電膠7a、一易銲導電體8、一負極2a、一薄膜3a、一改良型水性電解液4a、一正極5b、一吸水層6a、一導電膠7b、一易銲導電體8a所組成，正極5為一可銲導電體，正極5b為一不可銲導電體。薄膜3介於負極2與改良型水性電解液4之間，吸水層6置入改良型水性電解液4中；薄膜3a介於負極2a與改良型水性電解液4a之間，吸水層6a置入改良型水性電解液4a中。在負 極2之另一側被覆一層導電膠7，並在導電膠7上黏貼一易銲導電體8；在負極2a之另一側被覆一層導電膠7a，再與正極5黏合；在正極5b之另一側被覆一層導電膠7b，並在導電膠7b上黏貼一易銲導電體8a，而成為二個電池單元串聯在一起之電池。電流可經由易銲導電體8、導電膠7、負極2、薄膜3、改良型水性電解液4、正極5、導電膠7a、負極2a、薄膜3a、改良型水性電解液4a、正極5b、導電膠7b至易銲導電體8a。可在易銲導電體8與易銲導電體8a上，各錫銲一電線作為其它連線用。
綜上所述，本發明之電池至少包括一個電池單元，該電池單元至少包括一鎂或鎂合金之負極、一吸水層、一改良型水性電解液、一正極。在該改良型水性電解液中，只要添加微量之包含選自丙烯酸、丙烯酸聚合物、丙烯酸鹽類聚合物中之至少一種，即有延長鎂電池負極壽命之效果。又在電池負極或正極上被覆一層導電膠，且在該導電膠上黏貼一易銲導電體，用以提高該負極或正極之易銲性。在串聯多數個電池單元時，將每一電池單元之負極，與相鄰該電池單元之正極，以導電膠貼合即可。
1c‧‧‧絕緣殼體
2‧‧‧負極
2a‧‧‧負極
3‧‧‧薄膜
3a‧‧‧薄膜
4‧‧‧改良型水性電解液
4a‧‧‧改良型水性電解液
5‧‧‧正極
5b‧‧‧正極
6‧‧‧吸水層
6a‧‧‧吸水層
7‧‧‧導電膠
7a‧‧‧導電膠
7b‧‧‧導電膠
8‧‧‧易銲導電體
8a‧‧‧易銲導電體

Claims (3)

  1. 一種電池，至少包括一個電池單元，該電池單元至少包括一鎂或鎂合金之負極、一吸水層、一改良型水性電解液、一正極，該吸水層吸附該改良型水性電解液；該改良型水性電解液，至少包含有一觸媒與一添加物，該添加物具有延緩該負極惰性膜形成之功能，至少包含選自丙烯酸、丙烯酸聚合物、丙烯酸鹽類聚合物中之一種。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之一種電池，其中，更進一步包括在該負極或該正極上被覆一層導電膠，且在該導電膠上黏貼一易銲導電體，用以提高該負極或正極之易銲性。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之一種電池，其中，更進一步包括在串聯多數個該電池單元時，將每一該電池單元之負極，與相鄰該電池單元之正極，以導電膠貼合。
TW104128561A 2015-08-31 2015-08-31 電池 TWI553948B (zh)

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