TWI539721B - 使用於不斷電電源供應器的切換系統和方法 - Google Patents

使用於不斷電電源供應器的切換系統和方法 Download PDF

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TWI539721B
TWI539721B TW101102156A TW101102156A TWI539721B TW I539721 B TWI539721 B TW I539721B TW 101102156 A TW101102156 A TW 101102156A TW 101102156 A TW101102156 A TW 101102156A TW I539721 B TWI539721 B TW I539721B
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power signal
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output power
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詹姆士 派崔克 理查森
桑安 魁克 雷
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開端科技公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/10—Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from ac or dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/067—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems using multi-primary transformers, e.g. transformer having one primary for each AC energy source and a secondary for the loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H02M1/0035—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode using burst mode control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Description

使用於不斷電電源供應器的切換系統和方法
本發明係關於備用功率訊號的產生，且更具體地，係關於不斷電電源供應系統以及使用換流器系統來產生備用訊號的方法。
相關申請案
本申請案主張2011年1月23日提出申請之序號61/435,317號美國臨時專利申請案之權益。
上述相關申請案的內容在此以引用的方式併入本文。
不斷電電源供應器(UPS)長期被使用來提供至少暫時的輔助功率到電子裝置。基本上，UPS係被架構來視需要在主要電源與備用電源之間切換，以維持到一負載的固定功率。
基本上，用於UPS的主要電源係為公用電源，且備用電源可採取電池系統的形式。UPS正常下將以線模式來操作，其中當公用電源訊號在預定參數內時，公用電源訊號會通到負載。在線模式中，UPS基本上會同樣地使電池系統充電。當公用電源落在預定參數以外時，UPS將切換到備用模式，其中AC(交流)訊號可基於儲存在電池系統中的能量來產生。
一種UPS可應用鐵磁共振變壓器。鐵磁共振電壓器係為飽和變壓器，其係應用包含共振繞組與電容器的槽電路，以甚至在假如到變壓器之輸入改變時產生幾乎固定的平均輸出。應用鐵磁共振變壓器的基本UPS利用在線與備用模式兩者中之鐵磁共振變壓器之電壓調節特性的優點。在UPS的上下文中，在沒有使用主動元件之下，鐵磁共振變壓器因此會提供湧浪抑制、隔離、短路保護與電壓調節。
照慣例，在線模式中，UPS會應用被架構以形成切換模式電源供應器的換流器電路。被架構以當作切換模式電源供應器的換流器電路基本上包含至少一個且基本上為複數個可根據脈衝寬度調變訊號來操作的功率切換器。從DC(直流)源產生AC訊號的PWM方法，其係允許AC訊號的振幅可藉由控制工作循環而即時地在任何點上決定，在該工作循環上，換流器功率切換器則可被操作。控制換流器功率切換器被操作的工作循環，其係可經由輸出LC過濾器來產生希望的淨平均功率。基本上，換流器控制訊號的參數，其係可根據由具有AC訊號的至少一特徵(譬如電壓)所形成之輸入的反饋迴路所產生的控制訊號來變化。
在切換模式電源供應器中，使效能耗損的其中一個主要因素，其係起因於在功率切換器的開啟與關閉架構之間轉變期間內、現代功率切換器的不完美切換特徵。本發明之目的係為提供使用於UPS系統的切換模式電源供應器，以具有改善效率。
本發明係以不斷電電源供應器來實施，其係用於基於包含輸入部份、輸出部份、換流器部份與變壓器的輸入功率訊號而提供一輸出功率訊號到一負載。該輸入部份在操作上可被連接到該輸入功率訊號。該輸出部份在操作上被連接到該負載。該換流器部份在操作上被連接到交流電源。該變壓器在操作上被連接到輸入部份、輸出部份與換流器部份。不斷電電源供應器係在線模式與備用模式中操作。在線模式中，輸出部份會基於輸入功率訊號來產生輸出功率訊號。在備用模式中，輸出部份會基於交流電源及至少一換流器控制訊號而從換流器部份所產生的備用訊號產生輸出功率訊號。當不斷電電源供應器以備用模式來操作時，至少一換流器控制訊號，其係會在該輸出功率訊號循環的至少一第一部份內被脈衝寬度調變，且在該輸出功率訊號循環的至少一第二部份內不會被脈衝寬度調變。
本發明亦可以基於輸入功率訊號來提供輸出功率訊號到一負載的方法來實施，其係包含以下步驟。輸入部份會被連接到輸入功率訊號。輸出部份會被連接到負載。換流器部份會被連接到交流電源。變壓器會被連接到輸入部份、輸出部份與換流器部份。不斷電電源供應器可以線模式與備用模式來操作。在線模式中，該輸出部分會基於輸入功率訊號來產生輸出功率訊號。在備用模式中，輸出部份會基於交流電源及至少一換流器控制訊號而由該換流器部份所產生的備用訊號來產生輸出功率訊號。當不斷電電源供應器以備用模式來操作時，該至少一換流器控制訊號會被產生，以致該至少一換流器控制訊號在該輸出功率訊號循環的至少一第一部份內被脈衝寬度調變，且在該輸出功率訊號循環的至少一第二部份內不會被脈衝寬度調變。
本發明亦可以不斷電電源供應器來實施，其係用於基於包含輸入部份、輸出部份、換流器部份與變壓器的輸入功率訊號而提供輸出功率訊號到一負載。該輸入部份在操作上可被連接到該輸入功率訊號。該輸出部份在操作上被連接到該負載。該換流器部份在操作上被連接到交流電源。該變壓器在操作上被連接到輸入部份、輸出部份與換流器部份。不斷電電源供應器係以線模式與備用模式操作。在線模式中，輸出部份會基於輸入功率訊號來產生輸出功率訊號。在備用模式中，輸出部份會基於交流電源及第一與第二換流器控制訊號而從換流器部份所產生的備用訊號來產生輸出功率訊號。當不斷電電源供應器以備用模式來操作時，第一換流器控制訊號係會在該輸出功率訊號循環的第一部份內被切換於關閉與開啟狀態之間、在該輸出功率訊號循環的第二部份內被維持於開啟狀態中、在該輸出功率訊號循環的第三部份內被切換於關閉與開啟狀態之間。當不斷電電源供應器以備用模式來操作時，第二換流器控制訊號係會在該輸出功率訊號循環的第四部份內被切換於關閉與開啟狀態之間、在該輸出功率訊號循環的第五部份內被維持於開啟狀態中、且在該輸出功率訊號循環的第六部份內被切換於關閉與開啟狀態之間。
最初參考該圖式的圖1，在此所描述的係為根據並且實施本發明原理來架構之不斷電電源供應(UPS)系統20的第一實例。當應用在適合使用於通訊系統(譬如有線電視或電話系統)的UPS系統時，本發明特別有意義，且本發明之使用在此將會被詳細揭露。不過，應該理解的是，本發明之原理可被應用在適合使用於除了通訊系統以外之環境中的UPS系統。
實例UPS系統20基於存在於AC功率線24的主要功率訊號(線模式)或者電池包26所產生的次要功率訊號(備用模式)而供電到負載22。當該實例次要功率訊號由在該實例UPS系統20中的電池包所產生時，譬如產生器、燃料電池、太陽能電池與類似物的交流電源則可被使用當作次要電源。
實例UPS系統20包含輸入部份30、輸出部份32、換流器部份34、以及鐵磁共振變壓器36。該實例輸入部份30包含主要切換器40以及第一與第二選擇切換器42與44。該實例輸出部份32包含輸出(例如，共振)電容器50。該輸出電容器50與變壓器36一起形成一共振或槽電路，其係將在以下有進一步的詳細說明。
換流器部份34包含一換流器電路60與控制器62。該換流器電路60係為一H-橋接器電路或任何其他電路，其係能夠基於從電池包26所得到的DC功率訊號而產生適當的AC功率訊號。換流器電路60是或者可能為傳統地，其係並且將不會進一步詳盡說明於此。
實例控制器62控制換流器電路60。當UPS系統20基於與電池包26有關的溫度、電壓與/或電流訊號而以線模式來操作時，控制器62可進一步控制電池包26的充電。
該實例換流器電路60會被脈衝寬度調變，且當UPS系統以備用模式來操作時，換流器部份34的功能會如同切換模式電源供應器。在以下將進一步詳細說明地，控制器62會產生一或更多個換流器控制訊號，其係會控制換流器電路，以產生切換輸出訊號。
該實例鐵磁共振變壓器36包含核心70、輸入繞組72、電感器74、換流器繞組76與輸出繞組78。核心70係為或者可能是習知的疊層結構。電感器74定義變壓器36的主要側80與次要側82。在該實例UPS系統20中，輸出電容器50會被連接經過輸出繞組78的第一與第二端90與92，且該負載會被連接於該輸出繞組78的第二端92以及在該輸出繞組78的分接頭94之間。
在該實例變壓器36中，只有輸入繞組72係在變壓器36的主要側80上。該換流器繞組76與輸出繞組78則是在變壓器36的次要側82上。特別地，該輸出繞組78係被排列在換流器繞組76與電感器74之間，且該電感器74係被排列於輸出繞組78與輸入繞組72之間。適合使用當作該實例鐵磁共振變壓器36的鐵磁共振變壓器，其係例如被說明於同時待審的美國專利申請案序號60/305,926及12/803,787，且那些申請案係以引用的方式併入本文。不過，本發明的原理卻可應用在鐵磁共振變壓器的其他架構。
在線模式中，主要切換器40會被關閉，且AC功率線24係存在於輸入繞組72上。輸入繞組72會被電磁耦合到輸出繞組78，以致於當UPS系統20以線模式來操作時，主要AC輸出訊號能夠被供應到負載22。
在備用模式中，主要切換器40會被開啟，且來自次要電源的電池包26與換流器部份34則會將備用AC輸出訊號供應到負載22。特別地，在備用模式中，換流器部份34會產生經過換流器繞組76的切換功率訊號，且換流器繞組76會被電磁連結到該輸出繞組78與該輸出電容器，以致於該備用AC輸出訊號會存在經過該分接頭與該輸出繞組78的第二端92。再者，在備用模式期間內，選擇性切換器(沒顯示)可串聯輸出電容器50地提供，以允許輸出電容器50與輸出繞組中斷，從而減少由於輸出電容器50之充電與放電所觀察到的峰值換流器電流。
該實例換流器部份34傳統上包含複數個功率切換器(沒顯示)，其係被架構當作一切換模式電源供應器。基本上，該功率切換器係為被架構當作H-橋電路或任何其他電路的MOSFET，其係能夠基於從電池包26得到的DC功率訊號來產生適當的備用AC功率訊號。
換流器控制模組62會基於被施加到負載22之備用AC輸出訊號的特徵，譬如電壓，來產生一或更多個換流器控制訊號。該換流器控制訊號或該等訊號係為脈衝寬度調變(PWM)訊號，其特徵會造成換流器電路60的功率切換器視需要開啟與關閉，以產生備用AC輸出訊號於預定電壓、頻率與波形參數內。在以備用模式來操作的該實例UPS系統20中，換流器電路60、換流器控制電路62、換流器繞組76以及輸出繞組78因此會形成反饋迴路，其係可適當地控制該負載22用的希望淨平均電壓。
申請人已經確認，譬如藉由使用於通訊網路(譬如有線電視網路)之UPS而供應功率到的實例負載22，其係為基本上應用二極體整流器電路以供應大電容器組的固定功率負載。AC電壓振幅一超過匯流排電容器電壓，此些負載會立刻在峰值AC功率電壓上要求非常高的電流。該申請者進一步確認，實質部份(甚至並非全部)的負載功率將在AC電壓振幅高於DC匯流排電容器的期間內被傳送。這會導致更高的峰值電流補償少於100%的時間可使用來將能量傳送到負載之事實。
本發明的換流器控制模組62因此排除在備用AC輸出訊號之峰值上的脈衝寬度調變。該申請人已經揭露，在備用AC輸出訊號之峰值上脈衝寬度調變的排除，其係會允許在傳送到匯流排電容器之峰值電流的時間內，將換流器電路60的功率切換器完成開啟(100%工作循環)。在該備用AC輸出訊號之至少部份循環內將該換流器控制訊號的脈衝寬度調變排除，其係可明顯改善(在大約10-20%之間)當以備用模式操作時之UPS系統20的效率。
現在參考該圖式的圖2，在此所描述地係為可由以備用模式來操作之該實例UPS系統20實施的數種波形。圖2照慣例描繪每一電壓(y-軸)對時間(x-軸)。圖2則進一步分成由垂直虛線隔開的第一至第九時間週期T1-9。
在120所描述係供應到負載22的一實例備用AC輸出訊號120。在圖2之130上所描述地係為一實例切換功率訊號130，其係由換流器部份34所產生且被施加經過該換流器繞組76。在圖2之140與142上所描述係換流器控制訊號的代表，其係可由用來控制該換流器電路60之換流器功率切換的換流器控制模組62所產生。正如傳統，使用本發明原理的第一換流器控制訊號，換流器控制訊號140與142可以相當高頻率來操作，例如大約20kHz，其係具有以下所說明在0%與100%之間變化以得到希望波形的工作循環。
峰值電流傳送的週期發生在圖2中的時間週期T2、T5與T8。在這些週期內，由用來控制換流器電路60的換流器控制模組62所產生之換流器控制訊號，其係維持在使換流器電路60之功率切換器關閉(100%工作循環)的狀態中。圖2進一步顯示由該實例換流器部份34所產生的切換功率訊號130，其係在該峰值電流傳送週期外面的時間週期T1、T3、T4、T6、T7與T9內被脈衝寬度調變(切換於關閉與開啟之間)，並且在時間週期T2、T5與T8內被維持很高(100%工作循環)。在它們最無效模式之換流器電路60之這些切換器的操作(從開啟至關閉，或者從關閉至開啟)，其係因此可在將峰值電流傳送到負載22之週期內被避免。該換流器控制訊號140與142代表控制一換流器電路(譬如該實例換流器電路60)的一種實例方法，以產生該切換功 率訊號130與備用AC輸出訊號120，如在圖2中所描述。
在圖2中所描述的實例備用AC輸出訊號120係被視為一修改或準方型波。具有修改或準方型波的備用AC功率訊號，譬如實例訊號120，其係適於提供功率到負載22。
為了提供電壓調整，其中該切換器可以100%工作循環操作(維持開啟)的時間週期T2、T5與T8的持續時期可如圖3所示地變化。圖3顯示第二與第三實例備用AC功率訊號150與160；該實例備用AC功率訊號120同樣可在圖3中被複製，以用來參考。第二實例備用AC功率訊號150對應一負載，其係具有與第一實例備用AC輸出訊號120所對應之負載之中間DC匯流排有關的低DC匯流排。第三實例備用AC功率訊號160對應一負載，其係具有與第一實例備用AC輸出訊號120對應之負載之中間DC匯流排有關的高DC匯流排。
此外，為了提供電壓調節並且維持一可接受的修改或準方型波，該換流器控制訊號140與142會被產生，以改變在該峰值電流傳送週期以外之時間週期T1、T3、T4、T6、T7與T9內之備用AC功率訊號的dv/dt或斜率。此外，該切換功率訊號130可在相位改變轉移期間內維持在零，以允許電壓調整的更多控制。
第二實例備用AC功率訊號150因此會在時間週期T2、T5與T8中的峰值電流傳送期間內具有較低峰值電壓，並且在該峰值電流傳送週期以外的時間週期T1、T3、T4、T6、T7與T9內具有更陡峭的斜率。在時間週期T1、T3、T4、T6、 T7與T9內中更陡峭的斜率，其係藉由切換功率訊號130之工作循環的適當控制所得到。
另一方面，第三實例備用AC功率訊號160具有在時間週期T2、T5與T8中之峰值電流傳送期間內的更高峰值電壓。在峰值電流傳送週期外面的時間週期T1、T3、T4、T6、T7與T9內，第三實例備用AC功率訊號的斜率類似第一實例AC功率訊號160的斜率。不過，當AC功率訊號160改變相位時，在交叉週期162與164內，第三實例備用AC功率訊號160會短時間維持在零。在交叉週期162與164上的零電壓係藉由在交叉週期162與164內關閉該切換功率訊號130(0%工作循環)而得到。
更一般地，該換流器控制訊號的切換模式與該變壓器的設計會被最佳化，以提供最大效率於特定的輸出電壓與特定的負載範圍。相關的最適化設計包括提供足夠的伏秒到換流器繞組，以符合該負載的電壓需求，但不是變壓器所飽和的如此多伏秒。
已知上述，應該明瞭的是，本發明原理可以除了以上所說明以外的形式來實施。本發明的範圍因此應該藉由後附的申請專利範圍而非本發明的上述詳細說明所決定。
20‧‧‧不斷電電源供應(UPS)系統
22‧‧‧負載
24‧‧‧交流(AC)功率線
26‧‧‧電池包
30‧‧‧輸入部份
32‧‧‧輸出部份
34‧‧‧換流器部份
36‧‧‧鐵磁共振變壓器
40‧‧‧主要切換器
42‧‧‧第一選擇切換器
44‧‧‧第二選擇切換器
50‧‧‧輸出電容器
60‧‧‧換流器電路
62‧‧‧換流器控制電路
70‧‧‧核心
72‧‧‧輸入繞組
74‧‧‧電感器
76‧‧‧換流器繞組
78‧‧‧輸出繞組
80‧‧‧主要側
82‧‧‧次要側
90‧‧‧第一端
92‧‧‧第二端
94‧‧‧分接頭
120‧‧‧備用交流(AC)輸出訊號
130‧‧‧切換功率訊號
140‧‧‧換流器控制訊號
142‧‧‧換流器控制訊號
150‧‧‧備用交流(AC)功率訊號
160‧‧‧備用交流(AC)功率訊號
162‧‧‧交叉週期
164‧‧‧交叉週期
圖1係為不斷電電源供應系統之第一實施例的簡化方塊圖，其係使用根據並且實施本發明原理來架構的鐵磁共振變壓器系統； 圖2係為一時序圖，其係代表由圖1所描述之UPS系統所應用的控制訊號；以及圖2係為一時序圖，其係代表由圖1所描述之UPS系統所應用的功率訊號。
圖3描述第一準方形波形、第二準方形波形與第三準方形波形。
20．．．不斷電電源供應(UPS)系統
22．．．負載
24．．．交流(AC)功率線
26．．．電池包
30．．．輸入部份
32．．．輸出部份
34．．．換流器部份
36．．．鐵磁共振變壓器
40．．．主要切換器
42．．．第一選擇切換器
44．．．第二選擇切換器
50．．．輸出電容器
60．．．換流器電路
62．．．換流器控制電路
70．．．核心
72．．．輸入繞組
74．．．電感器
76．．．換流器繞組
78．．．輸出繞組
80．．．主要側
82．．．次要側
90．．．第一端
92．．．第二端
94．．．分接頭

Claims (14)

  1. 一種基於一輸入功率訊號來提供一輸出功率訊號到一負載的不斷電電源供應器，包含：一輸入部份，在操作上被連接到該輸入功率訊號；一輸出部份，在操作上被連接到該負載；一換流器部份，在操作上被連接到一交流電源；及一變壓器，在操作上被連接到該輸入部份、該輸出部份與該換流器部份；其中該不斷電電源供應器係以下列來操作：一線模式，其中該輸出部份會基於該輸入功率訊號來產生該輸出功率訊號，以及一備用模式，其中該輸出部份會基於該交流電源及至少一換流器控制訊號而從該換流器部份所產生的備用訊號產生該輸出功率訊號；該輸出功率訊號為一準方型波，其具有一第一相位改變、一上限、和一第二相位改變；該輸出功率訊號的一循環包括一第一部分、一第二部分、和一第三部分，其中：該第一部分從該第一相位改變延伸至該上限，該第三部分從該上限延伸至該第二相位改變，且該第二部分延伸在該第一部分和該第三部分之間；且當該不斷電電源供應器以備用模式來操作時，該至少一換流器控制訊號會： 在該輸出功率訊號的循環的第一部份期間被脈衝寬度調變；在該輸出功率訊號的循環的第二部份期間被固持在一開啟狀態中；以及在該輸出功率訊號的循環的第三部份期間被脈衝寬度調變。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之不斷電電源供應器，其中該開啟狀態的一持續時期會被改變，以調節該輸出功率訊號的上限。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之不斷電電源供應器，其中在該輸出功率訊號的循環的第一部分和第三部分期間，該至少一個換流器控制訊號會被切換於一開啟狀態與一關閉狀態之間。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項之不斷電電源供應器，其中在該輸出功率訊號的循環之第一部分和第三部分期間之換流器控制訊號的工作循環會被改變，以控制該輸出功率訊號的循環的第一部分和第三部分的一斜率。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之不斷電電源供應器，其中：該輸出功率訊號的準方型波進一步具有一下限和一第三相位改變；該輸出功率訊號的循環包括一第四部分、一第五部分、和一第六部分，其中：該第四部分從該第二相位改變延伸至該下限，該第六部分從該下限延伸至該第三相位改變，且 該第五部分延伸在該第四部分和該第六部分之間；基於第一與第二換流器控制訊號，該換流器部份會產生該備用功率訊號；該第二換流器控制訊號係：在該輸出功率訊號的循環的第四部分期間被脈衝寬度調變，在該輸出功率訊號的循環的第五部分期間被固持在一開啟狀態中，且在該輸出功率訊號的循環的第六部分期間被脈衝寬度調變。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之不斷電電源供應器，其中：在該些相位改變期間，該第一換流器控制訊號會被固持於該關閉狀態中；以及在該些相位改變期間，該第二換流器控制訊號會被固持於該關閉狀態中。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之不斷電電源供應器，其中該第一換流器控制訊號在該些相位改變期間被固持於該關閉狀態中。
  8. 一種基於輸入功率訊號來提供一輸出功率訊號到負載的方法，包含以下步驟：將一輸入部份連接到該輸入功率訊號；將一輸出部份連接到該負載；將一換流器部份連接到一交流電源； 將一變壓器連接到該輸入部份、該輸出部份與該換流器部份；操作該不斷電電源供應器，其係以：一線模式，其中該輸出部份會基於該輸入功率訊號來產生該輸出功率訊號，以及一備用模式，其中該輸出部份會基於該換流器部份所產生的一備用訊號而從該交流電源及至少一換流器控制訊號來產生該輸出功率訊號；以及當該不斷電電源供應器以備用模式來操作時，產生該至少一換流器控制訊號，以致於：該輸出功率訊號為一準方型波，其具有一第一相位改變、一上限、和一第二相位改變；該輸出功率訊號的一循環包括一第一部分、一第二部分、和一第三部分，其中：該第一部分從該第一相位改變延伸至該上限，該第三部分從該上限延伸至該第二相位改變，且該第二部分延伸在該第一部分和該第三部分之間；及該至少一換流器控制訊號係：在該輸出功率訊號的循環的第一部份和該第三部分期間被脈衝寬度調變；且在該輸出功率訊號的循環的第二部份期間被固持在一開啟狀態中。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法，進一步包含改變該開 啟狀態的一持續時期以調整該輸出功率訊號之上限的步驟。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法，進一步包含在該輸出功率訊號的循環的第一部份和第三部份期間切換該至少一換流器控制訊號於一開啟狀態與一關閉狀態之間的步驟。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第10項之方法，進一步包含在該輸出功率訊號的循環的第一部份和第三部份期間改變該換流器控制訊號之工作循環，以控制該輸出功率訊號的循環的第一部份和第三部份之一斜率的步驟。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法，其中：該輸出功率訊號的經修改的準方型波進一步具有一下限和一第三相位改變；該輸出功率訊號的循環包括一第四部分、一第五部分、和一第六部分，其中：該第四部分從該第二相位改變延伸至該下限，該第六部分從該下限延伸至該第三相位改變，且該第五部分延伸在該第四部分和該第六部分之間；該換流器部份基於第一與第二換流器控制訊號來產生備用功率訊號；以及該第二換流器控制訊號係：在該輸出功率訊號的循環的第四部分期間被脈衝寬度調變，以及 在該輸出功率訊號的循環的第四部分期間被固持在一開啟狀態中，且在該輸出功率訊號的循環的第五部分期間被固持在該開啟狀態中。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第12項之方法，其中：在該些相位改變期間，該第一換流器控制訊號會被固持於該關閉狀態中；以及在該些相位改變期間，該第二換流器控制訊號會被固持於該關閉狀態中。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法，其中該第一換流器控制訊號在該些相位改變期間被固持於該關閉狀態中。
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US20120217808A1 (en) 2012-08-30
US9030045B2 (en) 2015-05-12
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US20180062427A1 (en) 2018-03-01
US20190341805A1 (en) 2019-11-07
US10355521B2 (en) 2019-07-16
TW201236317A (en) 2012-09-01
US20150244211A1 (en) 2015-08-27
CA2825483C (en) 2019-11-12
CA2825483A1 (en) 2012-11-01
US9812900B2 (en) 2017-11-07

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