TWI467608B - 使用於不斷電電源供應器的鐵磁共振變壓器 - Google Patents

使用於不斷電電源供應器的鐵磁共振變壓器 Download PDF

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TWI467608B
TWI467608B TW100105186A TW100105186A TWI467608B TW I467608 B TWI467608 B TW I467608B TW 100105186 A TW100105186 A TW 100105186A TW 100105186 A TW100105186 A TW 100105186A TW I467608 B TWI467608 B TW I467608B
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winding
transformer
power source
power supply
signal
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TW100105186A
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TW201203295A (en
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Thanh Le
James Richardson
Litcho Datzov
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Alpha Tech Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/067—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems using multi-primary transformers, e.g. transformer having one primary for each AC energy source and a secondary for the loads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
    • Y10T29/49073—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor by assembling coil and core

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)

Description

使用於不斷電電源供應器的鐵磁共振變壓器
相關申請案
本申請案(代理人參考編號第P216409號)主張2010年2月18號所提申之美國臨時專利申請案第61/305,926號之優先權，在此將其內容一併整合參考之。
本發明關於一備用電源訊號的產生，且更特別地，關於使用鐵磁共振變壓器的不斷電電源供應器系統及方法。
不斷電電源供應器(UPS)已被長期使用於提供至少暫時輔助電源給電子裝置。典型地，一不斷電電源供應器被架構以依需要切換於一主電源及一備用電源之間以維持固定供電至一負載。
例如，該主電源可為一家用電供應器，而該備用電源可選擇一電池系統形式。該不斷電電源供應器正常地會操作於一接線模式，其中，當該家用電訊號係位在預定參數內時，該家用電訊號被傳送至該負載。在該接線模式中，該不斷電電源供應器典型地也會改變該電池系統。當該家用電落在該些預定參數外時，該不斷電電源供應器會切換至備用模式，其中，一交流電訊號係視該電池系統中所儲存的能量而生。
一種不斷電電源供應器運用一鐵磁共振變壓器。一鐵磁共振變壓器係一飽和變壓器，其運用由一共振繞線組及電容器所構成之振諧電路來產生一近乎固定平均輸出，即使輸至該變壓器的輸入改變亦然。運用一鐵磁共振變壓器的典型不斷電電源供應器利用接線及備用模式兩者中的鐵磁共振變壓器的電壓調節特性的優勢。在一不斷電電源供應器範圍中，一鐵磁共振變壓器因此在不使用主動元件下提供突波抑制、隔離、短路保護及電壓調節。
傳統上，為了使用於一不斷電電源供應器系統所架構的鐵磁共振變壓器包含一磁芯及相對於該磁芯所安排的一電感器，用以定義：(a)該變壓器的初級或輸入側及(b)該變壓器的次級或輸出側。使用於一不斷電電源供應器的傳統鐵磁共振變壓器進一步會包括安排於該初級或輸入側的輸入繞線組及換流器(共振)繞線組及安排於該次級或輸入側的輸入繞線組。
本發明一目的係提供使用於不斷電電源供應器系統中的改進鐵磁共振變壓器。
本發明可被具體實施為一種鐵磁共振變壓器，包括一磁芯、一主分流器、第一繞線組、第二繞線組及第三繞線組。該主分流器係相對於該磁芯來安排以定義該鐵磁共振變壓器的初級側及次級側。該些第一繞線組係安排於該鐵磁共振變壓器的初級側上並操作性地連接至該主電源。該些第二繞線組係安排於該鐵磁共振變壓器的次級側上並操作性地連接至該第二電源。該些第三繞線組係安排於該鐵磁共振變壓器的次級側上並操作性地連接至該共振電容器。當一主訊號係出現於該些第一繞線組上時，一第一輸出訊號係出現於該些第三繞線組的至少一部分上。當一第二電源係出現在該些第二繞線組上時，一第二輸出訊號係出現於該些第三繞線組的至少一部分上。
本發明也可被具體實施為一種供電至一負載的不斷電電源供應器，包括一變壓器、一共振電容器、一主電源及一第二電源。該變壓器包括一磁芯、相對於該磁芯來安排以定義該變壓器的初級側及次級側的一主分流器、安排於該變壓器的初級側上的第一繞線組、安排於該變壓器的次級側上的第二繞線組、及安排於該變壓器的次級側上的第三繞線組。該共振電容器係操作性地連接至該些第三繞線組。該主電源係操作性地連接至該些第一繞線組。該第二電源係操作性地連接至該些第二繞線組。該負載係連接至該些第三繞線組的至少一部分。在一接線模式中，該主電源引起一主訊號出現於該些第一繞線組上，因而依據該主訊號將一第一輸出訊號供應至該負載。在一備用模式中，該第二電源引起一第二訊號出現於該些第二繞線組上，因而依據該第二訊號將一第二輸出訊號供應至該負載。
本發明也可被具體實施為一種包括下列步驟以供應不斷電電源至一負載的方法。該主分流器係相對於該磁芯來安排以定義一初級側及一次級側。第一繞線組係安排於該初級側上，而第二及第三繞線組係安排於該次級側上。一共振電容器係操作性地連接至該些第三繞線組。一主電源係操作性地連接至該些第一繞線組。一第二電源係操作性地連接至該些第二繞線組。該負載係操作性地連接至該些第三繞線組的至少一部分。當操作於一接線模式時，該主電源引起一主訊號出現於該些第一繞線組上，使得一第一輸出訊號被供應至該負載。當操作於一備用模式時，該第二電源引起一第二訊號出現於該些第二繞線組上，使得一第二輸出訊號被供應至該負載。
開始參考至圖式的圖1，在此所述者係根據本發明原理所架構及具體實施的不斷電電源供應器(UPS)系統20的第一範例。
該示範不斷電電源供應器系統20依據一交流電電線24(接線模式)上所出現的主電源訊號或一電池組封包26(備用模式)所產生的第二電源訊號來供電至一負載22。在該示範第二電源訊號係由該示範不斷電電源供應器系統20的電池組封包所產生時，例如發電機、燃料電池、太陽能電池及雷同者的替代性電源可充當該第二電源使用。
該示範不斷電電源供應器系統20包括一輸入部30、一輸出部32、一換流部34、一電纜組件36及一鐵磁共振變壓器38。
該示範輸入部30包括一主開關以及第一和第二選擇開關42和44。該示範輸出部32包括一輸出或共振電容器50及選擇性地包括一選擇開關52和濾波電容器54。
當該選擇開關52係關閉時，該輸出電容器50構成如下所進一步詳述的具有該變壓器38的共振或振諧電路。當該選擇開關52係打開時，該輸出電容器50係由該輸出部32及變壓器38所構成的電路中移除，且該濾波電容器54過濾本電路的輸出。
該換流部34包括一換流器電路60。該換流器電路60可為一H型橋式電路或可依據得自該電池組封包26的直流電訊號來產生一適當交流電訊號的任何其它電路。尤其，該換流器電路60係脈寬調變，且當該不斷電電源供應器系統操作於該備用模式時，該換流部34充當一切換模式電源供應器作用。該換流部34及該換流器電路60是或也許是傳統式，且在此並不會進一步詳述之。
一控制器62可被選擇性地納入該換流部34中。若使用之，該控制器62操作該些開關40及52並控制該換流器電路60。當該不斷電電源供應器系統20依據與該電池組封包26有關的溫度、電壓及/或電流訊號來操作於接線模式時，該控制器62可進一步控制該電池組封包26的充電。
該鐵電共振變壓器38包括一磁芯70、輸入繞線組72、一電感器74、換流器繞線組76及輸出繞線組78。該磁芯70是或也許是一傳統壓層結構。如圖2所示，該電感器74該變壓器38的初級側80及次級側82。在該示範變壓器38中，只有該些輸入繞線組72係位於該變壓器38的初級側80上。該些換流器繞線組76及輸出繞線組78係位於該變壓器38的次級側82上。尤其，該些輸出繞線組78係安排於該些換流器繞線組76及該電感器74之間，且該電感器74係安排於該些輸出繞線組78及該些輸入繞線組72之間。
或許如圖3及圖5中的最佳顯示，圖1及圖2中所述的變壓器38定義下列繞線組及分流器的安排：該些輸入繞線組72、由該電感器74所構成的大(或主要)分流器、輸出繞線組78及換流器繞線組76。圖3及圖5進一步說明在該示範變壓器38中的小(或副)分流器90係安排於該些輸出繞線組78及該些換流器繞線組76之間。該小分流器90不會顯著地影響到整個不斷電電源供應器系統20的範圍中的變壓器38的電磁特性，只是被使用於該示範變壓器38中以允許該變壓器38如在此所述般地操作於該不斷電電源供應器系統20的範圍中。
在該接線模式中，該交流電電線24構成一主電源，其引起一主訊號出現於該些輸入繞線組72上。該些輸入繞線組72係電磁耦合至該些輸出繞線組78，以在該不斷電電源供應器系統20操作於該接線模式時，將一第一輸出訊號供應至該些負載22a及22b中的一者或兩者。
在該備用模式中，該電池組封包26及換流部34構成一第二電源，其引起一第二訊號出現於該些換流器繞線組76上。該些換流器繞線組76係電磁耦合至該些輸出繞線組78，以在該不斷電電源供應器系統20操作於該備用模式時，將一第二輸出訊號供應至該些負載22a及22b中的一者或兩者。
該變壓器38的建構細節不是本發明一般原理的關鍵，且會視該不斷電電源供應器系統20的特定配置而定，在該不斷電電源供應器系統中，該變壓器38被設計操作。該示範變壓器38具有下列特徵：
該示範電纜組件36連接該輸出部32至第一及第二示範負載22a及22b中的一者。尤其，該電纜組件36包括操作性地連接至該些輸出繞線組78的第一末端124的第一及第二繞線組連接器120及122。該些輸出繞線組78的第二末端126係連接至該輸出電容器50。該電纜組件36進一步包括分別操作性地連接至該些輸出繞線組78的第一及第二中間點134及136的第一及第二分接連接器130及132。該電纜組件36另外包括一選擇電纜140，該選擇電纜包括一選擇連接器142以及第一和第二輸出連接器144和146。該第一負載22a包括第一及第二負載連接器150及152，而該第二負載22b包括第三及第四負載連接器154及156。
使用該示範電纜組件36，該選擇連接器142不是連接至該第一分接連接器130就是連接至該第二分接連接器132，視該些負載22a及22b的電壓要求而定。該第一及第三負載連接器150及154係分別連接至該第一及第二繞線組連接器120及122，且該第二及第四負載連接器152及156係分別連接至該第一及第二輸出連接器144及146。因此，該電纜組件36允許該些負載22a及22b中的一者或兩者被連接至該輸出部32及該些輸出繞線組78，且更特別地，連接至該第一及第二分接連接器130及132所決定的輸出繞線組78的適當部分。該適當分接連接器130或132的選擇係視該些負載22a及22b的電壓要求而定。
給予前述後，本發明原理可以除了上述那些的形式來具體實施應是顯而易見。本發明範圍因此應由所附上申請專利範圍來決定而非前面的本發明詳細說明所決定。
20．．．不斷電電源供應器系統
22．．．負載
24．．．交流電電線
26．．．電池組封包器
30．．．輸入部
32．．．輸出部
34．．．換流部
36．．．電纜組件
38．．．鐵磁共振變壓器
40．．．主開關
42．．．第一選擇開關纜
44．．．第二選擇開關
50．．．輸出或共振電容器
52．．．選擇開關
54．．．濾波電容器
60．．．換流器電路
62．．．控制器
70．．．磁芯
72．．．輸入繞線組
74．．．電感器
76．．．換流器繞線組
78．．．輸出繞線組
80．．．初級側
82．．．次級側
120．．．第一繞線組連接器
122．．．第二繞線組連接器
124．．．第一末端
126．．．第二末端
130．．．第一分接連接器
132．．．第二分接連接器
134．．．第一中間點
136．．．第二中間點
140．．．選擇電纜
142．．．選擇連接器
144．．．第一輸出連接器
146．．．第二輸出連接器
150．．．第一負載連接器
152．．．第二負載連接器
154．．．第三負載連接器
156．．．第四負載連接器
22a．．．負載
22b．．．負載
圖1係根據本發明原理所架構及具體實施的使用一鐵磁共振變壓器系統的不斷電電源供應器系統的第一實施例簡單方塊圖。
圖2係圖1所示的構成該不斷電電源供應器系統一部分的鐵磁共振變壓器的一些示意圖。
圖3係圖2所示的鐵磁共振變壓器的透視圖。
圖4係圖2及圖3所示的鐵磁共振變壓器的側面正視圖。
圖5係圖4中沿著線條5-5所取得的剖面圖。
20．．．不斷電電源供應器系統
24．．．交流電電線
26．．．電池組封包器
30．．．輸入部
32．．．輸出部端
34．．．換流部
36．．．電纜組件
38．．．鐵磁共振變壓器
40．．．主開關
42．．．第一選擇開關
44．．．第二選擇開關纜
50．．．輸出或共振電容器
52．．．選擇開關器
54．．．濾波電容器
60．．．換流器電路器
62．．．控制器
70．．．磁芯
72．．．輸入繞線組
74．．．電感器載
76．．．換流器繞線組
78．．．輸出繞線組
80．．．初級側
82．．．次級側
120．．．第一繞線組連接器
122．．．第二繞線組連接器
124．．．第一末端
126．．．第二末端
130．．．第一分接連接器
132．．．第二分接連接器
134．．．第一中間點
136．．．第二中間點
140．．．選擇電纜
142．．．選擇連接器
144．．．第一輸出連接器
146．．．第二輸出連接器
150．．．第一負載連接器
152．．．第二負載連接器
154．．．第三負載連接器
156．．．第四負載連接器
22a．．．負載
22b．．．負載

Claims (14)

  1. 一種適合連接至一共振電容器、一產生一主電源訊號的主電源及一產生一第二電源訊號的第二電源的鐵磁共振變壓器，該鐵磁共振變壓器包括：一磁芯；一主分流器，相對於該磁芯來安排以定義該鐵磁共振變壓器的初級側及次級側；第一繞線組，安排於該鐵磁共振變壓器的初級側上，其中，該些第一繞線組係操作性地連接至該主電源；第二繞線組，安排於該鐵磁共振變壓器的次級側上，其中，該些第二繞線組係操作性地連接至該第二電源；及第三繞線組，安排於該鐵磁共振變壓器的次級側上，其中，該些第三繞線組係操作性地連接至該共振電容器；藉此當該主訊號係出現於該些第一繞線組上時，一第一輸出訊號係出現於該些第三繞線組的至少一部分上；且當該第二電源係出現在該些第二繞線組上時，一第二輸出訊號係出現於該些第三繞線組的至少一部分上。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鐵磁共振變壓器，其中，該主分流器係由一電感器所構成。
  3. 根據申請專利範圍第1項所述之鐵磁共振變壓器，進一步包括安排於該些第二繞線組及該些第三繞線組之間的一副分流器。
  4. 一種供電至一負載的不斷電電源供應器，包括：一變壓器，包括一磁芯、相對於該磁芯來安排以定義該變壓器的初級側及次級側的一主分流器、安排於該變壓器的初級側上的第一繞線組、安排於該變壓器的次級側上的第二繞線組、及安排於該變壓器的次級側上的第三繞線組；一共振電容器，操作性地連接至該些第三繞線組；一主電源，操作性地連接至該些第一繞線組；及一第二電源，操作性地連接至該些第二繞線組；其中，該負載係連接至該些第三繞線組的至少一部分；在一接線模式中，該主電源引起一主訊號出現於該些第一繞線組上，因而依據該主訊號將一第一輸出訊號供應至該負載；且在一備用模式中，該第二電源引起一第二訊號出現於該些第二繞線組上，因而依據該第二訊號將一第二輸出訊號供應至該負載。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之不斷電電源供應器系統，其中，該主分流器係由一電感器所構成。
  6. 根據申請專利範圍第4項所述之不斷電電源供應器系統，其中，該變壓器進一步包括安排於該些第二繞線組及該些第三繞線組之間的一副分流器。
  7. 根據申請專利範圍第4項所述之不斷電電源供應器，其中，該第二電源包括一電池組封包及一換流器。
  8. 根據申請專利範圍第4項所述之不斷電電源供應器，其中，該第二電源係一切換模式電源供應器。
  9. 根據申請專利範圍第7項所述之不斷電電源供應器，其中，該換流器電路包括一H型橋式電路。
  10. 一種供應不斷電電源至一負載的方法，包括下列步驟：提供一磁芯；相對於該磁芯來安排一主分流器以定義一初級側及一次級側；將第一繞線組安排於該初級側上；將第二繞線組安排於該次級側上；將第三繞線組安排於該次級側上；操作性地連接一共振電容器至該些第三繞線組；操作性地連接一主電源至該些第一繞線組；操作性地連接一第二電源至該些第二繞線組；操作性地連接該負載至該些第三繞線組的至少一部分；操作於一接線模式或一備用模式中的一者，藉此當操作於該接線模式時，該主電源引起一主訊號出現於該些第一繞線組上，使得一第一輸出訊號被供應至該負載；且當操作於該備用模式時，該第二電源引起一第二訊號出現於該些第二繞線組上，使得一第二輸出訊號被供應至該負載。
  11. 根據申請專利範圍第10項所述之方法，進一步包括將一副分流器安排於相對於該磁芯的第二繞線組及第三繞線組之間的步驟。
  12. 根據申請專利範圍第10項所述之方法，其中，操作性地連接該第二電源至該些第二繞線組的步驟包括提供一電池組封包及提供一換流器的步驟。
  13. 根據申請專利範圍第10項所述之方法，其中，操作性地連接該第二電源至該些第二繞線組的步驟包括提供一切換模式電源供應器的步驟。
  14. 根據申請專利範圍第10項所述之方法，其中，提供該換流器的步驟包括提供一H型橋式電路的步驟。
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