JPS6217958A - 燃料電池発電システムの制御装置 - Google Patents

燃料電池発電システムの制御装置

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Publication number
JPS6217958A
JPS6217958A JP60157601A JP15760185A JPS6217958A JP S6217958 A JPS6217958 A JP S6217958A JP 60157601 A JP60157601 A JP 60157601A JP 15760185 A JP15760185 A JP 15760185A JP S6217958 A JPS6217958 A JP S6217958A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
switching element
cell
discharge
power generation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP60157601A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Makoto Yamada
誠 山田
Kazuyoshi Tsukamoto
塚本　一義
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP60157601A priority Critical patent/JPS6217958A/ja
Priority to US06/883,403 priority patent/US4670702A/en
Priority to CN86104766.4A priority patent/CN1004457B/zh
Publication of JPS6217958A publication Critical patent/JPS6217958A/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04365—Temperature; Ambient temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/102—Parallel operation of dc sources being switching converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 （イ）　産業上の利用分野 本発明は燃料電池発電システムの制御装置に関するもの
である。
（ロ）　従来の技術 一般に燃料電池は運転休止中燐酸電解液の変質を防止す
るため電池スタックを保温ヒーターにより約１００″′
Ｃの保温状態に保っている。電池の始動に際し、先づ加
熱ヒーターの通電もしくは加熱ガスの循環により、電池
スタック温度が約１２０″Ｃに達すると電池反応熱によ
り昇温し、スタック温度が約１９０’Ｃの最適作動温度
になると正規の１力として負荷に給電きれる。
このように反応熱によりスタックを昇温する際、通常直
流負荷抵抗を用いるが、この抵抗で熱として消費される
電力は全く無駄になり発電効率の低下の要因となってい
た。また電池の停市時負荷の遮断によるオープン状態で
の過電圧が電池に悪影響を与えるため、その抑制法とし
て前記と同様＊流負荷抵抗（ダミーロード）を必要とｊ
る。過電圧抑制の他の方法として第３図に示すよう二次
電池を燃料電池出力に並列接続して使用する方法もある
が、この方法は二次電池が満充電であれば、前記昇温用
の負荷とすることが不可能であると共に過電圧抑制技能
も充分果たせないという欠点がある。
（ハ）　発明が解決しようとする問題点この発明は燃料
電池発電システムの過電圧を抑制して電池の劣化を防止
すると共に、負荷昇温時の電力損失をなくして発電効率
の向上を図るものである。
（ニ）問題点を解決するための手段 この発明は燃料電池と直交変換器との間に介在する主ス
イッチング素子と、該主スイッチング素子のと下流側よ
り夫々分岐する充電用及び放電用の各スイッチング素子
を介して接続された二次電池を備え、前記二次電池は、
燃料電池の負荷昇温時前記主スイッチング素子のＯＦＦ
状態で、又燃料電池の停止に際し前記直交変換器の遮断
状態で、夫々前記充電用スイッチング素子の点弧により
充電され、且前記二次電池は燃料電池が定格状態に＝３
− 達した後、前記放電用スイッチング素子の点弧により前
記直交変換器を介して放電するよう制御されるものであ
る。
（ホ）　作用 この発明によれば、燃料電池の昇温用負荷電流は、ダミ
ー抵抗の発熱として浪費されることなく二次電池を充電
し、定格状態に達した後この二次電池の容量の大部分が
正規の電力として放電されるので、発覚効率を改善しう
ると共に、燃料電池の遮断時その残存電力が二次電池に
充電されるので過電圧抑制機能も充分発揮される。
（へ）　実施例 本発明の実施例を第１図の発電システムブロック図及び
第２図の動作特性図にもとづいて説明する。
燃料電池（１）の直流出力は直交変換器（２）で交流電
力に変換して負荷（３）に給電される。燃料電池（１）
と直交変換器（２）との間には、主スイッチング素子（
Ｔｈｅ）が介在し、この主スイッチング素子（Ｔｈｅ）
の上下流側より分岐して二次電池（４）に至る回路に、
夫々充電用スイッチング菓子（ＴＩ＋＋）及び放電用ス
イッチング素子（Ｔｈｚ）が設けられている。
燃料電池（１）の始動に際し、周知の方法で電池スタッ
クを反応可能な温度（約１２０℃）に昇温して後者反応
ガスの供給を開始する。（第２図のＴｏ点）電池の出力
電圧（開路電圧）が所定電圧（Ｖ＋）に達すると、電池
スタックを負荷昇温するため充電用スイッチング素子（
Ｔｈｅ）を点弧して二次電池（４）に充電電流（１１）
を流す。（充電開始点Ｔ＋）この時主スイッチング素子
（Ｔｈｏ）はｏｆｆであり、充電用スイッチング素子（
Ｔｈｅ）は、所定電圧（ｖｌ）以下で且つスタック温度
に応じて燃料電池（１）が放電するよう制御回路（５）
でチョッパ制御されている。
このときの検出電圧を（ＶＦ）で示し、検出スタック温
度を（ＴＦ）で示す。
この状態で電池スタックが定格放電可能な最適温度（約
１９０°Ｃ）に達すると今度は二次電池（４）を直交変
換器（２）で放電するため放電用スイッチング素子（Ｔ
ｈｉ）をターンオンして二次電池の放電電流（ｆ２）が
ＤＣ−ＡＣ変換を開始する。（７２点）このとき充電電
流口１）は小さい値に絞られるので、スタック温度は低
下傾向となり前記最適温度を下廻る場合もある。したが
ってその様な場合には燃料電池（１）の放電電流が増大
するよう様に充電用スイッチング素子（Ｔｔ＋＋）がチ
５ツバ制御きれ最適温度を維持する。
二次電池（４）が放電終止電圧に到ると、スイッチング
素子（Ｔｈｅ）　（Ｔｈｅ）をターンオフし、同時に主
スイッチング素子（ＴｈＯ）をターンオンするよう制御
を行うので、燃料電池（１）と直交変換器（２）の直接
接続が完了し、正規の放電が開始される。
（Ｔｏ） 一方電池の停止などに際し、直交変換器（２）を（Ｔ４
）時点でシャットオフする必要が生じた時は、直交変換
器の停止と同時に充電用スイッチング素子（ＴｈＯをタ
ーンオンとし、二次電池（４）に燃料電池（１）の残存
電力を充電電流として流し、燃料電池電圧を規定電圧（
■１）以下に抑制して過電圧の発生を防止する。
第２図特性図において、（Ｔ＋　　７２）間及び（Ｔ４
　　Ｔ！＋）間の各斜線部分は夫々、負荷昇温時及び直
交変換器遮断時、二次電池（４）に充電される容量を丞
し、（Ｔ２　　Ｔ１１）間の交錯線部分は、二次電池の
放電容量を示す。
（ト）効果 上述の如く本発明によれば、燃料電池の負荷昇温特電力
損失がなく発電効率を改善しうると共に、直交変換器の
遮断時過電圧がかからず燃料電池に悪影響を及ぼすこと
がないなどの特徴を有し、発電システムのシンプル化と
効率向上が達成される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
第１図は本発明装置を備える燃料電池発電システムのブ
ロック図、第２図は同上装置の操作特性図、第３図は従
来装置を備える発電システムのブロック図である。 １・・・燃料電池、２・・・直交変換器、３・・・交流
負荷、４・・・二次電池、５・・・制御回路、Ｔｈ３・
・・主スイッチング素子、Ｔｈ＋　、Ｔｈ２・・・充電
用及び放電用の各スイッチング素子。

Claims (1)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. １　燃料電池の直流出力を直交変換器で交流電力に交換
    して負荷に給電する発電システムであって、前記燃料電
    池と前記直交変換器との間に介在する主スイッチング素
    子と、該スイッチング素子の上・下流側より夫々分岐す
    る充電用及び放電用の各スイッチング素子を介して接続
    された二次電池を備え、前記二次電池は、前記燃料電池
    の負荷昇温時前記主スイッチング素子のＯＦＦ状態で、
    又前記燃料電池の停止に際し前記直交変換器の遮断状態
    で、夫々前記充電用スイッチング素子の点弧により充電
    され、且前記燃料電池が定格状態に達した後前記放電用
    スイッチング素子の点弧により前記直交変換器を介して
    放電するよう制御されることを特徴とする燃料電池発電
    システムの制御装置。
JP60157601A 1985-07-16 1985-07-16 燃料電池発電システムの制御装置 Pending JPS6217958A (ja)

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JP60157601A JPS6217958A (ja) 1985-07-16 1985-07-16 燃料電池発電システムの制御装置
US06/883,403 US4670702A (en) 1985-07-16 1986-07-08 Controller for fuel cell power system
CN86104766.4A CN1004457B (zh) 1985-07-16 1986-07-16 燃料电池电源系统的控制器

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60157601A JPS6217958A (ja) 1985-07-16 1985-07-16 燃料電池発電システムの制御装置

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6217958A true JPS6217958A (ja) 1987-01-26

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US (1) US4670702A (ja)
JP (1) JPS6217958A (ja)
CN (1) CN1004457B (ja)

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US4670702A (en) 1987-06-02
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