TWI523825B - Refractory - Google Patents
Refractory Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI523825B TWI523825B TW101100169A TW101100169A TWI523825B TW I523825 B TWI523825 B TW I523825B TW 101100169 A TW101100169 A TW 101100169A TW 101100169 A TW101100169 A TW 101100169A TW I523825 B TWI523825 B TW I523825B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- refractory
- aluminum
- strength
- floating
- needle
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 70
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021365 Al-Mg-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WXANAQMHYPHTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium;ethyne Chemical compound [Ce].[C-]#[C] WXANAQMHYPHTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006063 cullet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
- F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/013—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics containing carbon
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
- C04B35/04—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on magnesium oxide
- C04B35/043—Refractories from grain sized mixtures
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/101—Refractories from grain sized mixtures
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/101—Refractories from grain sized mixtures
- C04B35/103—Refractories from grain sized mixtures containing non-oxide refractory materials, e.g. carbon
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- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/62665—Flame, plasma or melting treatment
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/634—Polymers
- C04B35/63448—Polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B35/63472—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- C04B35/63476—Phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymers
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- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/634—Polymers
- C04B35/63496—Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
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- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3852—Nitrides, e.g. oxynitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbonitrides, lithium nitride, magnesium nitride
- C04B2235/3865—Aluminium nitrides
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- C04B2235/40—Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/40—Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
- C04B2235/402—Aluminium
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
- C04B2235/422—Carbon
- C04B2235/425—Graphite
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
- C04B2235/428—Silicon
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Description
本發明關於一種工業窯爐所使用的耐火物,特別是關於一種鐵鋼業之製鐵、製鋼程序所使用的耐火物。
工業窯爐,特別是在鐵鋼業之製鐵、製鋼程序中的溶鐵等熔融金屬的保存容器的內襯或連續鑄造程序所使用的管嘴或板,一般而言是採用耐火物。耐火物會隨著使用而熔損或損耗,因此在判斷到達壽命的情況,必須在將使用過的物品解體之後以新的耐火物作為裏襯,或者更換為新品。近年來,隨著生產力提升的需求提高,為了縮短這樣的解體及加襯所需的時間或更換時的作業停止時間,而有必要提高耐火物的耐用性。
改善耐火物耐用性的手段,廣為人知的是在耐火原料中摻鋁。鋁本身熔點為660℃左右,會在遠低於製鐵、製鋼程序中所使用的溫度(為1200~1800℃左右)發生熔融,而與環境中的氧或氮發生反應,產生氧化鋁(Al2O3)、氮化鋁(AlN)、氮氧化鋁(AlON)等而高熔點化,使得耐蝕性提升,同時在基質部分形成堅固的結合組織,因此使強度得以改善、甚至於耐磨耗性的改善。例如在專利文獻1中揭示了將摻合有平均粒徑25μm以下的金屬鋁粉末的混合物加以混練、成形、燒成,所製造出的高爐用碳質磚。在專利文獻2中揭示了藉著採用添加碳纖維與
Si、Al等的配方,在碳纖維上產生Si或Al之化合物之手段。
鋁粉末有粒狀的霧化粉末與鱗片狀的碎片粉末這2種,如專利文獻3的第3頁右上方的欄位所記載般,由於碎片粉末的反應性優異,因此容易與環境氣體或其他耐火原料發生反應而形成堅固的結合。但是碎片粉末的混練性、成形性差,雖然有實際上強度提升的情況,但是相反地發生強度降低或變異增加等問題的情形也不少。
[專利文獻1]日本特開平08-143361號公報
[專利文獻2]日本特開平05-078180號公報
[專利文獻3]日本特開昭57-27968號公報
本發明所欲解決之課題,在於提供一種工業窯爐所使用的耐火物,其係使耐火原料中含有由鋁及/或鋁合金所構成之鱗片狀碎片粉末(以下稱為「鋁碎片」),特別是在於減少鐵鋼業之製鐵、製鋼程序所使用的耐火物之強度的變異。
如前述般,鋁碎片由於反應性優異,因此可期待有助於耐火物的強度提升,然而過去發生強度降低或變異變大等問題的情況也不少。本發明人檢討其原因,結果發現鋁碎片是呈鱗片狀的形態,因此在將耐火物之坏土加以混練時,難以使其均勻分散,因此,若對坏土之成形體作熱處理,則鋁碎片在熱處理中的反應會不均勻地發生。本發明人發現,在鋁與熱處理的環境氣體發生反應的情況下,隨著體積膨脹而使得成形體發生局部膨脹,因此在內部會產生微小的龜裂,這會導致強度的降低或變異的增加。
本發明人針對這些課題的解決手段進行潛心檢討,結果發現藉由採用非浮型的鋁碎片可解決課題,而使本發明達到完成。
亦即,本發明其中一個型態可提供一種耐火物,其係使耐火原料中含有由非浮型的鋁及/或鋁合金所構成之鱗片狀之非浮鋁碎片。
另外,若以這種方式使耐火原料中含有非浮鋁碎片,則如後述般,會產生長度2μm以下的鋁化合物之針狀結晶,並填充在骨材的表面及/或骨材與骨材之間隙部。亦即,本發明另一個型態可提供一種耐火物,其係含有長度2μm以下的鋁化合物之針狀結晶;以及一種耐火物,其係在使用時藉由加熱產生長度為2μm以下的鋁化合物之針狀結晶。
以下對本發明作詳細說明。
作為塗料用的鋁碎片,如JIS-K5906所規定,有浮
型與非浮型。浮型係以硬脂酸等對鋁碎片的表面作處理而得的粉末,且具有在溶劑中,浮在表層上且並行排列的性質。另一方面,非浮型係以油酸等對於鋁碎片表面作處理而得的粉末,且具有在溶劑中均勻分散的性質。
將耐火物的坏土加以混練時,一般而言除了各種耐火原料之外,還添加含有溶劑的黏結劑而加以混練。在本發明中,藉由使非浮型的鋁碎片與含有既定耐火原料及溶劑的黏結劑一起混練,使其在溶劑中均勻分散,即使在坏土之中,也能夠使鋁碎片較均勻地分散。藉由使以這種方式所得到的坏土成形,並且作熱處理,可得到強度的變異小且均質的耐火物。
耐火物可大致區別成所謂的燒成耐火物以及非燒成耐火物,燒成耐火物是為了藉由熱處理使耐火原料彼此燒結、或形成由樹脂的殘餘碳成分所產生的碳鍵進行燒成而得;非燒成耐火物是以100~400℃左右的較低溫進行熱處理而得,目的是為了除去在製品階段中樹脂的硬化或混練時所使用的溶劑。依據本發明,燒成耐火物如前述般,非浮鋁碎片與燒成時的環境氣體所發生的反應,會在成形體的全體均勻地發生,因此在製品階段中,會成為均質且強度的變異小的耐火物。另一方面,關於非燒成耐火物在製品階段中,鋁並未發生反應,然而耐火物在使用時必定會因為與熔融金屬或與高溫的環境氣體接觸而受到加熱,因此與燒成耐火物同樣地,非浮鋁碎片與耐火物的內部環境氣體會發生反應。所以,本發明沒有燒成耐火物、非燒成
耐火物的區別,皆能夠發揮出效果。
藉由本發明,所得到的耐火物具有強度的變異小的特徵。使添加鋁的坏土成形並作熱處理之後的耐火物,與並未添加鋁的耐火物相比,強度變得較高,這種傾向尤其是在使用鋁碎片的情況會明顯出現,然而如前述般,會有強度的變異變大這樣的缺點。其原因認為是在使用鋁呈不均勻分散的坏土的情況,在熱處理中,會局部發生微小龜裂及缺陷。若使用這種強度的變異大的耐火物,則微小的龜裂或缺陷會因為使用中的熱應力或機械的應力而擴大,一體化而成為嚴重的龜裂,而成為表面剝落、破裂,脫落等的主要原因,也會有耐火物的耐用性降低或變得不安定的問題。另一方面,藉由本發明所得到的耐火物,鋁碎片均勻地分散,因此強度的變異變小,耐用性高而安定。
在本發明中可使用的非浮鋁碎片,可採用一般作為塗料用的市售物品。其形態例如有預先分散於溶劑的糊狀型、以及不含溶劑的乾燥型,而任一者皆可使用。鋁碎片的化學組成並無特別限定,除了純鋁之外,鋁合金還可使用Al-Si合金、Al-Mg合金、Al-Mg-Si合金、Al-Mg-Ca合金等。關於粒度亦並無特別限定,而從均勻分散的觀點看來,宜使用70質量%以上可通過JIS-Z8801所規定的0.1mm篩網的非浮鋁碎片,而70質量%以上通過44μm篩網的非浮鋁碎片為較佳。關於厚度亦並無特別限定,而例如可使用0.1~5μm左右之物。
關於作為耐火原料所使用的鋁,以設定為全部為非浮
鋁碎片為最佳,然而亦可與其他種類的鋁或鋁碎片併用。但是,為了使本發明之效果顯著發揮,以在耐火原料中的鋁及/或鋁合金之中非浮鋁碎片佔50質量%以上為佳。另外,在所摻合的鋁的總量為5質量%以上這種較大量摻合作為耐火物的情況,特別適合提高非浮鋁碎片的比例。
關於鋁以外的耐火原料及黏結劑並無特別限定,可將耐火物用途一般所使用的物質加以組合而使用。若列舉一例,則耐火原料例如有:氧化鋁、氧化鎂、富鋁紅柱石、鋯、尖晶石、二氧化矽、碳化矽等。黏結劑例如有:酚樹脂、呋喃樹脂、矽樹脂、澱粉、糖蜜等。此外,鋁雖然與前述氧化鋁等的耐火原料相比,熔點較低以及耐火性較低,然而在本發明中,鋁被包含在「耐火原料」的概念之內。
混練、成形、熱處理可藉由製造耐火物一般所使用的設備、方法來實施。另外還可因應必要而在熱處理後實施浸漬、加工等。
在進行燒成的情況,除了在空氣中的燒成之外,還可在為了防止碳原料的氧化而埋設於煤焦中等的還原氣體環境、在氮氣中燒成的氮氣環境等來實施。在這些方法中,以在還原氣體環境及氮氣環境中,在鋁開始與環境氣體發生反應的700℃以上作熱處理,以使非浮鋁碎片轉化為AlN或AlON等的氮化物或氮氧化物等形成堅固的結合為佳,尤其若是在1000℃以上作熱處理,則鋁的反應會進行,而為特佳。
本發明尤其對於較厚的耐火物能夠更顯著地發揮效果
。這是因為厚度愈厚,在熱處理時鋁的反應愈容易變得不均勻的緣故,尤其對於厚度為80mm以上的耐火物而言為有用的。這種厚度為80mm以上的耐火物例如有高爐內襯用的耐火物。
在以本發明的方式使用非浮型的鋁碎片的情況,若以SEM對剖面進行觀察,則如圖1所示般,其特徵為產生長度2μm以下的鋁化合物之針狀結晶,並且填充在骨材的表面及/或骨材與骨材的間隙部。另一方面,在使用浮型的鋁碎片的情況,如圖2所示般,產生長度5μm左右的針狀或纖維狀的結晶。如圖1所示般,可觀察到因為產生長度較短的針狀結晶,骨材之間的結合變得均勻,強度的變異變小。
此針狀結晶的化學組成會隨著燒成的環境氣體而變,而在氮氣環境中燒成的情況,會產生以AlN為主要礦物相的針狀結晶,尤其強度的變異變小且強度變高,而為適合。
在併用非浮型的鋁碎片與浮型的鋁碎片作為耐火原料的情況,會成為混合了長度2μm以下的針狀結晶與長度5μm左右的針狀結晶的微組織,然而為了發揮本發明之效果,針狀結晶之中長度為2μm以下者宜含有50質量%以上。
針狀結晶可藉由將含有非浮鋁碎片的耐火原料加以混練,使所得到的坏土成形,並以700℃以上對此成形體進行熱處理而產生,而關於所謂的非燒成耐火物,在製造階
段中雖然沒有產生針狀結晶,但是在使用時受到加熱會產生與燒成耐火物同樣的針狀結晶,因此,藉由使用時的熱負荷而產生長度2μm以下的鋁化合物之針狀結晶的耐火物,亦包含在本發明之中。
由於本發明之耐火物其強度的變異非常小,因此藉由本發明,可得到安定而具有高耐用性的工業窯爐用耐火物。
以下基於實施例對本發明之實施形態作說明。
如表1之摻合比例所示般,使用各種鋁碎片,並調查其種類、粒度對於耐火物強度的變異所造成的影響。
就非浮型的鋁碎片(非浮鋁碎片)而言,將並未分散於溶劑的乾燥型定為0.2mm以下、0.15mm以下、0.074mm以下這3種。0.15mm以下的非浮鋁碎片,其通過0.1mm篩網的比例為約70質量%。另外,0.074mm以下的非浮鋁碎片,其通過0.044mm之篩網的比例為約70質量%。相同地,非浮鋁碎片亦採用分散於溶劑的糊狀物。此糊狀鋁碎片係使前述0.15mm以下的乾燥型分散於相同質量的有機溶劑而得。浮型的鋁碎片(浮鋁碎片)採用0.15mm以下的乾燥型與使用其所得到的糊狀物。黏結劑除了酚樹脂之外,有一部分是使用聚矽氧樹脂、糖蜜。
依照表1之摻合比例秤量這些原料,添加適量的溶劑,並以攪拌機均勻混練,而得到坏土。此外,糊狀鋁碎片的摻合比例係以固體成分表示。利用油壓機以98MPa的壓力使此坏土成形,而製作出厚度150mm之成形體。使此成形體在250℃下乾燥5小時之後,在氮氣環境中以最高溫度1400℃燒成,而製作出待測耐火物。
為了調查強度的變異,由待測耐火物切出10個邊長為60mm之立方體,依據JIS-R2206測定壓縮強度。使用所得到的n=10之壓縮強度的數據,由(最大值-最小值)/平均值×100計算出強度的變異。所得到的數值愈小,則代表變異愈小,而愈為良好。
若比較實施例1~9與比較例1及2,則可知本發明之實施例強度的變異非常小。比較例的任一燒成體皆發生龜裂,因此認為強度的變異非常大。
若比較實施例1~3,則非浮鋁碎片的粒度愈小,強度的變異愈小,而愈為良好。另外,如實施例4般,可知即使以糊狀的方式添加依然良好。實施例5、6為變更黏結劑種類的例子,而任一者皆良好。實施例7~9為併用非浮型與浮型的例子,而浮型比例高的一者為良好,尤其在其比例未滿50質量%時,本發明的效果變小,因此在併用的情況下,係以非浮型佔50質量%以上為佳。
如表2所示般,變更成形體的厚度,並且調查成形體的厚度與碎片狀鋁的種類對於強度的變異所造成的影響。待測耐火物之製造方法基本上與前述方法相同,只有在成形時成形體的厚度不同。關於強度的變異之調查方法基本上也與前述方法相同,而在成形體的厚度為50mm、30mm的情況,測定壓縮強度的立方體樣品,其邊長分別定為30mm、50mm。
由表2看來,明顯可知使用非浮鋁碎片的本發明之實施例10~13,其強度的變異小,且與成形體的厚度無關,而皆為良好。相對於此,使用浮鋁碎片的比較例3~6的變異大。特別是在成形體的厚度為80mm以上的情況下,變異非常大,在與相同厚度的實施例作比較的情況下,變異較大。所以,本發明藉由使用厚度為80mm以上的成形體,而發揮出較明顯的改善效果。
如表3所示般,以氧化鎂-石墨系統作為基材,調查在使用鋁合金的情況中對強度的變異造成的影響。待測耐火物的製造方法基本上與前述方法相同,然而熱處理是在大氣中且在250℃下實施。所使用的Al-Mg合金、Al-Si合金任一者皆為Al含量約為80質量%的合金。關於強度的變異的評估方法,基本上也與前述方法相同,而由於這次待測耐火物的熱處理溫度低,因此假設在使用時受到加熱,而在還原氣體環境以及在1400℃下熱處理5小時之後進行強度的測定。
由表3看來明顯可知只要是非浮型,則無論鋁單體或鋁合金,強度的變異都非常小。
如表4所示般,以氧化鋁-二氧化矽-石墨系統作為基材,調查在減少鋁的添加量的情況中對於強度的變異造成的影響。待測的體耐火物之製造方法基本上與前述方法相同,且將熱處理條件定為還原氣體環境以及1000℃。強度的變異之評估方法與表1的說明中所記載的方法相同。
由表4看來,明顯可知若減少鋁的添加量,則在使用非浮型的鋁的情況以及使用浮型的鋁的情況,強度的變異皆變小,而其差異徐緩變小,然而本發明之實施例在相同添加量卻表現出優異的改善效果。鋁的添加量可因應實用上所需要的特性而適當地調整,然而本發明在任一添加量皆可發揮出優異的效果。
實施例2與實施例14、比較例1與比較例7的壓縮強度測定後,對於樣品的剖面以SEM進行觀察。但是,實施例14與比較例7的樣品如前述般,是在還原氣體環境及1400℃下熱處理5小時之後的樣品。其結果,實施例2與實施例14的樣品,其剖面如圖1所示般,產生許多大部分長度為2μm以下的針狀結晶。另一方面,在比較例1與比較例7的樣品中,如圖2所示般,產生許多長度為5μm左右的針狀,或纖維狀的結晶。
圖1係表示對於使用非浮型的鋁碎片的本發明之耐火物之剖面以SEM進行觀察的結果。
圖2係表示對於使用浮型的鋁碎片的比較例之耐火物之剖面以SEM進行觀察的結果。
Claims (9)
- 一種耐火物,其特徵係使耐火原料中含有由具有在溶劑中均勻分散的性質之非浮型(non-leafing type)的鋁及/或鋁合金所構成之鱗片狀非浮鋁碎片,其中在耐火原料中的鋁及/或鋁合金之中,非浮鋁碎片佔50質量%以上,且70質量%以上的非浮鋁碎片可通過0.1mm之篩網。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之耐火物,其係以使非浮鋁碎片分散於有機溶劑中所成的糊狀含於耐火原料中。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之耐火物,其係在還原氣體環境或氮氣環境中,以700℃以上進行熱處理。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之耐火物,其厚度為80mm以上。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之耐火物,其係高爐內襯用的耐火物。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之耐火物,其中含有長度2μm以下的鋁化合物之針狀結晶。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之耐火物,其係在使用時藉由加熱產生長度2μm以下的鋁化合物之針狀結晶。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之耐火物,其中針狀結晶的主要礦物相為AlN。
- 如申請專利範圍第6~8項中任一項之耐火物,其中針狀結晶之中50質量%以上為長度2μm以下。
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BE757466A (zh) * | 1969-11-04 | 1971-04-14 | Glaverbel | |
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JPS5727968A (en) * | 1980-07-17 | 1982-02-15 | Kurosaki Refractories Co | Plate brick for sliding nozzle |
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