WO2011125536A1 - 厚肉鱗状黒鉛含有耐火物 - Google Patents

厚肉鱗状黒鉛含有耐火物 Download PDF

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WO2011125536A1
WO2011125536A1 PCT/JP2011/057307 JP2011057307W WO2011125536A1 WO 2011125536 A1 WO2011125536 A1 WO 2011125536A1 JP 2011057307 W JP2011057307 W JP 2011057307W WO 2011125536 A1 WO2011125536 A1 WO 2011125536A1
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graphite
refractory
thickness
thick
aspect ratio
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PCT/JP2011/057307
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French (fr)
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田中 雅人
直樹 古田
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黒崎播磨株式会社
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Priority to CN201180017189XA priority Critical patent/CN102858712A/zh
Publication of WO2011125536A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011125536A1/ja

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003Linings or walls
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a refractory containing graphite.
  • Refractory materials such as magnesia, alumina, zirconia, spinel, etc. for refractories for linings such as converters, pans, secondary smelting furnaces, blast furnaces, kneading vehicles, continuous casting nozzles, press-fitting materials, stamp materials, etc. in the steelmaking process
  • a refractory blended with graphite is widely used.
  • the use of graphite is very useful in improving the corrosion resistance and spall resistance of refractories because it can impart properties such as properties that make it difficult to wet slag, reduced elastic modulus and thermal expansion, and increased thermal conductivity. .
  • Patent Literature 1 discloses a graphite-containing refractory containing a thin flake graphite raw material having a layer surface spread of 0.105 mm or more and a scale thickness of 20 ⁇ m or less.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a magnesia-carbonaceous unfired brick using a thin expanded graphite having a thickness of 12 ⁇ m or less.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses a method for dry-mixing graphite by dry mixing refractory aggregate and graphite.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 describes that the characteristics are improved by thin graphite having a thickness of 9 ⁇ m or 10 ⁇ m, whereas the thickness of graphite generally used is 36 ⁇ m or 25 ⁇ m. Since graphite in these documents is thin, the aspect ratio defined by the particle size / thickness has a large aspect ratio of about 15 to 40.
  • Patent Document 4 discloses a refractory containing granular graphite having a particle size of 50 ⁇ m or more and an aspect ratio of 0.5 or more and less than 5.
  • Patent Document 5 discloses a massive graphite-containing refractory having a cross section of 0.1 to 1 mm in the longitudinal direction and 0.1 mm or more in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. All of the refractories in these documents are characterized by the use of graphite having a nearly spherical shape, that is, a small aspect ratio.
  • graphite Unlike the general shape of refractory aggregates, graphite has a unique shape such as scaly and has a property that the layers are easy to peel off. There is an effect of absorbing crack propagation energy by peeling between layers.
  • graphite having a small aspect ratio is dispersed in a refractory, cracks easily propagate in refractory aggregates other than graphite, and the effect of absorbing crack propagation energy due to the addition of graphite is reduced.
  • the probability of the cracks coming into contact with graphite decreases due to the decrease in the number of graphite per mass, so that the improvement effect is further reduced.
  • JP-B-2-43698 JP 2000-319063 A Japanese Patent No. 3077742 Japanese Patent No. 3327884 Japanese Patent No. 3327883
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a graphite-containing refractory material that exhibits stable durability by having the characteristics that the variation in strength is small and cracks are difficult to progress.
  • the inventors of the present invention have considered the shape of graphite to be used, considering that the characteristic that the variation in strength is small and the crack is difficult to progress greatly contributes to the durability of the graphite-containing refractory.
  • large graphite having an aspect ratio of about 15 to 40 defined by particle size / thickness and small graphite having an aspect ratio of less than 5 have been studied. It has become clear that each of the above-mentioned problems has the above-mentioned problems.
  • the present inventors can solve the above-mentioned problems by using graphite with a specific thickness in graphite having an intermediate aspect ratio. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
  • the present invention relates to a refractory containing a refractory raw material and graphite, wherein a thick-scaled graphite having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m or more and less than 100 ⁇ m and an aspect ratio defined by particle size / thickness of 5 or more and 12 or less is contained in the refractory. It is characterized by containing 20% by mass or more of the entire graphite.
  • the shape of graphite in the present invention is such that graphite alone or a kneaded mixture of graphite and refractory aggregate is molded with a uniaxial press, embedded in resin, and polished in parallel to the pressing direction, and reflected. It becomes clear by observing the cross section of graphite with a microscope.
  • the particle size of the graphite is the size of the observed graphite in the longitudinal direction
  • the thickness of the graphite is the size in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. Since the particle diameter and thickness of each graphite are not necessarily constant, if necessary, several points are measured and averaged.
  • the aspect ratio was defined as the particle size / thickness measured by observation.
  • Fig. 1 shows a reflection micrograph of graphite embedded in resin by this method. It is clear that the thick scaly graphite of the present invention is thicker than natural scaly graphite generally used for graphite-containing refractories.
  • graphite used for graphite-containing refractories graphite having an aspect ratio of about 15 to 40 is difficult to uniformly disperse, resulting in a large variation in strength of the refractory.
  • graphite with a small aspect ratio such as an aspect ratio of less than 5 has a poor effect of absorbing crack propagation energy.
  • graphite having an intermediate aspect ratio of 5 to 12 eliminates these problems.
  • this improvement effect is remarkably exhibited only in the graphite having a specific thickness range, and the thickness is 50 ⁇ m or more and less than 100 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than 50 ⁇ m, the number of graphites per same mass increases, so the dispersibility deteriorates and the intensity variation is promoted.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 natural scaly graphite having a thickness of 36 ⁇ m or 25 ⁇ m as described in Non-Patent Document 1 has a marked improvement in reducing variation in strength even when the aspect ratio is 5 or more and 12 or less. There is no effect.
  • the thickness is 100 ⁇ m or more, as described above, the probability that the crack comes into contact with graphite is reduced, and the effect of absorbing the crack propagation energy due to graphite is reduced.
  • the content of thick-scaled graphite having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m or more and less than 100 ⁇ m and an aspect ratio of 5 or more and 12 or less needs to be 20% by mass or more of the total amount of graphite contained in the graphite-containing refractory. If it is less than 20 mass%, the remarkable improvement effect by this invention will no longer be acquired.
  • it is so preferable that there is much content of thick flake graphite Preferably it is 40 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 60 mass% or more, and the whole graphite may be thick flake graphite.
  • graphite other than thick-walled graphite but natural scale-like graphite is most preferable from the viewpoint of cost.
  • the method for producing thick-walled scaly graphite of the present invention may be selected from natural scaly graphite, but since the graphite corresponding to the thick-walled scaly graphite has a small amount of naturally produced, general natural scaly graphite is used. It is preferable to manufacture it artificially. For example, by adding a binder such as a phenol resin to scaly graphite and mixing it with a mixer, the graphite is laminated to increase the thickness. By pulverizing and classifying this into a desired shape, thick-walled graphite can be obtained. Alternatively, it is also possible to manufacture by laminating natural scaly graphite in the thickness direction by applying a compressive force.
  • a binder such as a phenol resin
  • the present invention is characterized in that it contains 20% by mass or more of thick scaly graphite based on the whole graphite, and other raw materials other than graphite can be used in combination.
  • the refractory aggregate include magnesia, alumina, silica, mullite, zirconia, zircon, spinel, wax, titania and the like.
  • other additives include metals such as aluminum, silicon and magnesium and alloys thereof, boron compounds such as boron carbide, carbon raw materials such as carbon black, pitch and anthracite, carbides such as silicon carbide, and phenol resin as a binder. Examples include furan resin, pitch, and tar.
  • raw materials can be made into a regular refractory through processes such as kneading, molding, drying, and firing, or can be used as an amorphous refractory through processes such as kneading, construction, and drying by known techniques. .
  • graphite-containing refractories include magnesia-graphite refractories used in converters, secondary refining furnaces, steel pans, electric furnaces, etc., and alumina used in continuous casting nozzles.
  • pyroxene-silicon carbide-graphitic refractory There are pyroxene-silicon carbide-graphitic refractory, and pyroxene-silicon carbide-graphitic refractory.
  • Non-standard refractories include: feldspar-silicon carbide-carbon refractory for blast furnace outlet filling material, alumina-graphite refractory for blast furnace pouring material, carbonaceous injection material for blast furnace, electric furnace furnace There are magnesia-graphite stamp material for floors, casting material for slag lines such as hot metal ladle, kneading car, molten steel pan.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of the present invention is stable in durability because it has small variations in strength and is excellent in the ability to prevent the growth of cracks, so when used in refractories for various steelmaking processes, it improves productivity and stabilizes operation. Contributes to
  • a reflection micrograph of graphite embedded in resin is shown.
  • (A) is the thick scaly graphite of the present invention, and (b) natural scaly graphite generally used for graphite-containing refractories. It is the figure which plotted the average thickness and average particle diameter of each graphite, and also shows the range of the thick-scaled graphite applicable to this invention.
  • Thick scaly graphite, coarse graphite, granular graphite, and lump graphite were prepared by adding a liquid phenol resin to natural scaly graphite, granulating with a Henschel mixer, pulverizing and classifying.
  • the thickness and particle size were adjusted to the desired size depending on the amount of resin added, granulation time, pulverization method, and the like. For example, graphite with a large thickness can be obtained by increasing the amount of resin added, and graphite with a small particle size can be obtained by increasing the crushing time.
  • a commercially available product was used for the thinned graphite.
  • each graphite was embedded in the resin as described above, and the cross section of the graphite was observed with a reflection microscope, and the aspect ratio calculated by the thickness, the particle diameter, and the particle diameter / thickness was investigated.
  • the purity of each graphite is about the same at about 98% by mass.
  • FIG. 2 plots the average thickness and average particle diameter of each graphite, and also shows the range of thick-scale graphite corresponding to the present invention having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m or more and less than 100 ⁇ m and an aspect ratio of 5 or more and 12 or less.
  • the ratio of graphite corresponding to the present invention to the entire graphite was changed by combining thick scaly graphite A and natural scaly graphite.
  • the ratio of the graphite corresponding to the present invention is the thickness of the entire graphite. It becomes the same as the proportion of fleshy graphite A.
  • Evaluation of the test refractories was made by cutting 10 rectangular parallelepiped measurement samples 160 mm long, 25 mm wide and 16 mm thick from each test refractory under the conditions of span 140 mm and crosshead speed 0.2 mm / min.
  • a stress-strain curve from the start of loading to failure was obtained by the three-point bending method, and the fracture energy was calculated from the bending strength calculated from the maximum stress and the integrated value in the curve.
  • Table 2 shows the results expressed as indices with the measured value of Example 1 as 100.
  • an overall judgment index defined by a strength variation index / destructive energy index ⁇ 100 was calculated. As the overall judgment, the overall judgment index was evaluated as ⁇ , 85 to 86, ⁇ from 86 to 105, ⁇ from 106 to 120, and x from 121 or more. Good in order of ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ .
  • the evaluation was performed using graphite having various shapes shown in Table 1. Since 50% by mass of the thick scale graphite B to F corresponds to the present invention, when 4% by mass is added, the ratio of the graphite corresponding to the present invention to the total graphite becomes 20% by mass. .
  • the manufacturing method and evaluation method of the test refractory are exactly the same as those described above.
  • a refractory having an excellent balance can be obtained by containing 20% by mass of thick graphite having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m or more and less than 100 ⁇ m and an aspect ratio of 5 or more and 12 or less. It is clear. Coarse graphite with a large aspect ratio or thin graphite has a very large variation in strength. Granular graphite A and granular graphite B with a small aspect ratio and massive graphite with a large thickness are not suitable because the fracture energy is very small.
  • the thick-scaled graphite of the present invention it is possible to obtain a stable refractory material in which cracks do not easily propagate. This means that the degree of freedom in material design is expanded as compared with the prior art, and the corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and oxidation resistance can be greatly improved.

Abstract

 本発明は、強度のバラツキが小さくかつ亀裂が進展し難い特性を有することによって、安定した耐用性を示す黒鉛含有耐火物を提供することを目的とする。本発明の黒鉛含有耐火物は、耐火性原料および黒鉛を含む耐火物において、厚みが50μm以上100μm未満、粒径/厚みによって定義するアスペクト比が5以上12以下である厚肉鱗状黒鉛が、当該耐火物中の黒鉛全体の20質量%以上含有されている厚肉鱗状黒鉛含有耐火物である。

Description

厚肉鱗状黒鉛含有耐火物
 本発明は、黒鉛を含有する耐火物に関する。
 製鉄プロセスにおける転炉、鍋、二次精錬炉、高炉、混銑車などの内張り用耐火物、連続鋳造用ノズル、圧入材、スタンプ材等には、マグネシア、アルミナ、ジルコニア、スピネルなどの耐火性原料と黒鉛を配合した耐火物が広く使用されている。黒鉛の活用は、スラグに濡れ難い性質や、弾性率および熱膨張の低減、熱伝導率の増大などの特性を付与できることから、耐火物の耐食性、耐スポール性を改善するにあたって非常に有用である。
 従来から、耐火物に添加する黒鉛の形状に関してはいくつかの知見が得られている。特許文献1には、層面の広がりの大きさが0.105mm以上、鱗片の厚みが20μm以下の薄厚鱗片状黒鉛原料を含有する黒鉛含有耐火物が開示されている。特許文献2には厚さ12μm以下の薄肉膨張黒鉛を使用したマグネシア-炭素質不焼成れんがが開示されている。特許文献3には、耐火骨材と黒鉛を乾式混合して、黒鉛を薄肉化する方法が開示されている。非特許文献1には一般的に使用される黒鉛の厚みが36μmや25μmであることに対して、厚さ9μmや10μmの薄肉黒鉛によって特性が改善するとの記載がある。これらの文献の黒鉛は薄肉化しているため、粒径/厚みによって定義するアスペクト比では15~40程度の大きなアスペクト比を有する。
 しかしながら、薄肉黒鉛はアスペクト比が大きいため、混練時に均一に分散させるのが非常に困難である。このため、得られた黒鉛含有耐火物は強度のバラツキが大きくなる傾向にあり、ノズル状の耐火物においては折損、溶融金属の保持容器の内張り用耐火物においては表面剥離等の原因となり、これらの問題によって耐火物の耐用性が不安定になるという問題があった。
 一方、特許文献4では、粒度50μm以上でアスペクト比が0.5以上5未満の粒状黒鉛を含有する耐火物が開示されている。特許文献5には長手方向が0.1~1mm、長手方向と直交する方向に0.1mm以上の断面をもつ塊状黒鉛含有耐火物が開示されている。これらの文献の耐火物はいずれも球形に近い、すなわちアスペクト比が小さい黒鉛を使用することを特徴としている。
 黒鉛は一般的な耐火骨材の形状と異なり鱗片状という特異な形状を有し、また層間が剥がれやすいという性質を有しているため、進展しようとする亀裂を分岐あるいは迂回させたり、黒鉛の層間が剥がれたりすることによって亀裂の進展エネルギーを吸収する効果がある。しかし、アスペクト比の小さな黒鉛を耐火物中に分散させた場合、亀裂は黒鉛以外の耐火性骨材の中を進展し易くなり、黒鉛の添加による亀裂進展エネルギーを吸収する効果が小さくなる。特に特許文献5に示すような、厚みが100μm以上の大きな黒鉛では、同質量あたりの黒鉛の枚数が減少することにより亀裂が黒鉛に接触する確率が減少するため、さらに改善効果が小さくなる。
特公平2-43698号公報 特開2000-319063号公報 特許第3077942号公報 特許第3327884号公報 特許第3327883号公報
耐火物、37(1985)P25
 本発明が解決しようとする課題は、強度のバラツキが小さくかつ亀裂が進展し難い特性を有することによって、安定した耐用性を示す黒鉛含有耐火物を提供することにある。
 本発明者らは、強度のバラツキが小さくかつ亀裂が進展しにくい特性を有することが黒鉛含有耐火物の耐用安定性に大きく寄与すると考え、使用する黒鉛の形状について鋭意検討を行った。背景技術に記載したように、従来は粒径/厚みによって定義するアスペクト比が15~40程度の大きな黒鉛と、アスペクト比が5未満の小さな黒鉛について検討されているが、実際に耐火物の原料として使用した場合には、それぞれ前述したような問題を有することが明らかになった。本発明者らは黒鉛の形状がこれらの特性に及ぼす影響を調査した結果、アスペクト比が従来の中間となる黒鉛において、特定の厚みの黒鉛を使用することで前述の問題を解決することが可能であることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
 すなわち本発明は、耐火性原料および黒鉛を含む耐火物において、厚みが50μm以上100μm未満、粒径/厚みによって定義するアスペクト比が5以上12以下である厚肉鱗状黒鉛が、当該耐火物中の黒鉛全体の20質量%以上含有されていることを特徴とする。
 本発明における黒鉛の形状は、黒鉛単独あるいは黒鉛と耐火骨材を混練した坏土を一軸プレスで成形し、これを樹脂中に埋め込んで、加圧方向に対して平行な面を研磨し、反射顕微鏡にて黒鉛の断面を観察することで明らかになる。黒鉛の粒径は観察された黒鉛の長手方向の大きさ、黒鉛の厚みは長手方向と直角方向の大きさである。それぞれの黒鉛において粒径と厚みは必ずしも一定ではないので、必要に応じて任意の点を数カ所測定して平均する。アスペクト比は観察によって測定した粒径/厚みとして定義した。
 図1に本方法によって樹脂中に埋め込んだ黒鉛の反射顕微鏡写真を示す。本発明の厚肉鱗状黒鉛は、黒鉛含有耐火物用に一般的に使用されている天然鱗状黒鉛と比較して厚みが大きいことが明らかである。
 黒鉛含有耐火物に使用する黒鉛において、アスペクト比が15~40程度と大きな黒鉛は均一に分散させることが難しく、結果として耐火物の強度のバラツキが大きくなる。一方、アスペクト比が5未満のような小さなアスペクト比の黒鉛では亀裂の進展エネルギーを吸収する効果に乏しい。一方、この中間であるアスペクト比が5以上12以下の黒鉛ではこれらの問題が解消される。ただし、この改善効果は特定の厚み範囲の黒鉛においてのみ顕著に発揮され、その厚みは50μm以上100μm未満である。厚みが50μm未満では、同一質量あたりの黒鉛の枚数が増えるため分散性が悪くなり、強度のバラツキを助長する。従って、非特許文献1に記載されているような厚みが36μmや25μmの一般的に使用されている天然の鱗状黒鉛ではアスペクト比が5以上12以下であっても強度のバラツキ低減に関して顕著な改善効果は得られない。一方、厚みが100μm以上の場合は、前述したように亀裂が黒鉛と接触する確率が減少して、黒鉛による亀裂の進展エネルギーを吸収する効果が小さくなる。
 本発明において厚みが50μm以上100μm未満でアスペクト比が5以上12以下と規定した厚肉鱗状黒鉛の含有量は、黒鉛含有耐火物に含まれる黒鉛量全体の20質量%以上である必要がある。20質量%未満では、本発明による顕著な改善効果が得られなくなる。なお、厚肉鱗状黒鉛の含有量は多いほど好ましく、好ましくは40質量%以上、より好ましくは60質量%以上であり、黒鉛全体が厚肉鱗状黒鉛であっても構わない。厚肉鱗状黒鉛以外の黒鉛については特に制限はないが、コストの点で天然鱗状黒鉛とするのが最も好ましい。
 本発明の厚肉鱗状黒鉛の製造方法については、天然鱗状黒鉛から選別しても構わないが、厚肉鱗状黒鉛に該当する黒鉛は天然に産出する量が少ないため、一般的な天然鱗状黒鉛を人工的に加工して製造することが好ましい。例えば、鱗状黒鉛にフェノール樹脂等のバインダーを添加してミキサーで混合することによって、黒鉛が積層して厚みが大きくなる。これを所望の形状に粉砕、分級することで厚肉鱗状黒鉛を得ることが出来る。あるいは、天然の鱗状黒鉛に圧縮力を加えて厚み方向に積層させて製造することも可能である。
 本発明は黒鉛全体の20質量%以上の厚肉鱗状黒鉛を含有することを特徴としており、黒鉛以外の原料については公知の原料を組み合わせて使用することが出来る。耐火性骨材としては例えば、マグネシア、アルミナ、シリカ、ムライト、ジルコニア、ジルコン、スピネル、ろう石、チタニアなどが挙げられる。その他の添加物として例えば、アルミニウム、シリコン、マグネシウム等の金属およびそれらの合金、炭化硼素などの硼素化合物、カーボンブラック、ピッチ、無煙炭などの炭素原料、炭化珪素などの炭化物、およびバインダーとしてフェノール樹脂、フラン樹脂、ピッチ、タールなどが挙げられる。これらの原料を公知の技術によって、混練、成形、乾燥、焼成等のプロセスを経て定形耐火物とするか、混練、施工、乾燥等のプロセスを経て不定形耐火物として使用することが可能となる。
 黒鉛含有耐火物の具体例を示すと、定形耐火物としては転炉、二次精錬炉、鋼鍋、電気炉等に使用されるマグネシア-黒鉛質耐火物、連続鋳造用ノズルに使用されるアルミナ-黒鉛質耐火物、ジルコニア-黒鉛質耐火物、混銑車に使用されるアルミナ-炭化珪素-黒鉛質耐火物、高炉用のカーボン質耐火物、アルミナ-黒鉛質耐火物、溶銑鍋用のアルミナ-ろう石-炭化珪素-黒鉛質耐火物、ろう石-炭化珪素-黒鉛質耐火物等がある。不定形耐火物としては、高炉出銑口充填材用のろう石-炭化珪素-炭素質耐火物、高炉樋流し込み材用のアルミナ-黒鉛質耐火物、高炉用のカーボン質圧入材、電気炉炉床用のマグネシア-黒鉛質スタンプ材、溶銑鍋、混銑車、溶鋼鍋などのスラグライン用流し込み材等がある。
 本発明の黒鉛含有耐火物は、強度のバラツキが小さく亀裂の進展防止能に優れることから耐用性が安定するため、各種製鉄プロセス用耐火物に使用した場合に、生産性の向上および操業の安定化に寄与する。
樹脂中に埋め込んだ黒鉛の反射顕微鏡写真を示す。(a)が本発明の厚肉鱗状黒鉛、(b)黒鉛含有耐火物用に一般的に使用されている天然鱗状黒鉛である。 各黒鉛の平均厚みと平均粒径をプロットした図で、本発明に該当する厚肉鱗状黒鉛の範囲を併せて示す。
 以下、本発明の実施の形態を実施例に基づいて説明する。
 表1に示すような、厚み、粒径の異なる12種類の黒鉛を準備した。厚肉鱗状黒鉛、粗大黒鉛、粒状黒鉛、塊状黒鉛は、天然鱗状黒鉛に液状のフェノール樹脂を添加し、ヘンシェルミキサーで造粒後、粉砕、分級することによって作製した。樹脂の添加量、造粒時間、粉砕方法などによって、厚みや粒径を所望の大きさに調整した。例えば、厚みの大きな黒鉛は樹脂の添加量を多くし、粒径の小さな黒鉛は破砕時間を長くすることによって得ることが出来る。薄肉化黒鉛については市販品を使用した。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
 それぞれの黒鉛は前述したように樹脂中に埋め込んで反射顕微鏡にて黒鉛の断面を観察し、厚みおよび粒径と粒径/厚みによって算出したアスペクト比を調査した。それぞれの黒鉛の純度は98質量%程度でほぼ同一である。
 なお、表1の厚肉鱗状黒鉛Aは、その全てが本発明に該当する黒鉛であり、厚肉鱗状黒鉛BからFは、それぞれ50質量%が本発明に該当する黒鉛であった。
 図2に各黒鉛の平均厚みと平均粒径をプロットし、厚みが50μm以上100μm未満で、アスペクト比が5以上12以下である本発明に該当する厚肉鱗状黒鉛の範囲を併せて示す。
 厚肉鱗状黒鉛が耐火物中の黒鉛全体に占める割合によって、強度のバラツキと亀裂の進展抑制能を示す破壊エネルギーがどのような影響を受けるか調査を行った。表2に示すように、黒鉛10質量%、5mmアンダーのマグネシアクリンカー89質量%と0.1mmアンダーのアルミニウム1質量%にフェノール樹脂を適量添加し、ミキサーで均一に混練して坏土を得た。坏土を一軸プレスにて1500kg/cmの圧力で並型形状に成形し、250℃で5時間熱処理して供試耐火物を作製した。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
 そして、表2に示すように、厚肉鱗状黒鉛Aと天然鱗状黒鉛を組み合わせることで、黒鉛全体に対する本発明に該当する黒鉛の割合を変化させた。なお、厚肉鱗状黒鉛Aは全て本発明に該当する黒鉛であり、天然鱗状黒鉛には本発明に該当する黒鉛は含まれていないため、本発明に該当する黒鉛の割合は、黒鉛全体に対する厚肉鱗状黒鉛Aの割合と同一になる。
 供試耐火物の評価は、各供試耐火物より長さ160mm、幅25mm、厚み16mmの直方体の測定サンプルを10本切り出し、これをスパン140mm、クロスヘッドスピード0.2mm/minの条件にて3点曲げ法により、加重開始から破壊に至るまでの応力-歪み曲線を求め、最大応力から算出した曲げ強さと曲線内の積分値から破壊エネルギーを算出した。強度のバラツキはn=10の曲げ強さの最大値と最小値の差を求めて評価、破壊エネルギーは、n=10の平均値を評価した。それぞれ、実施例1の測定値を100とした指数で表した結果を表2に示す。強度のバラツキの指数は数値が大きいほどバラツキが大きく好ましくない。一方、破壊エネルギーの指数は大きいほど破壊しにくいことを意味しており良好である。実際の耐火物においては、両者のバランスが重要なので、強度のバラツキ指数/破壊エネルギー指数×100で定義した総合判定指数を算出した。総合判定として、総合判定指数が85以下を◎、86~105を○、106~120を△、121以上を×として評価した。◎、○、△、×の順に良好である。
 表2の総合判定の結果から明らかなように、黒鉛全体に対する本発明に該当する黒鉛の割合が20質量%以上である実施例1から5は比較例1および2と比較して良好であることが分かる。さらに、本発明に該当する黒鉛の割合は好ましくは40質量%以上、より好ましくは60質量%以上であることが分かる。本発明に該当する黒鉛の割合が20質量%未満の場合、強度のバラツキが非常に大きくなり不適当である。
 表3に示すように、表1に示した各種形状の黒鉛を使用して評価を行った。厚肉鱗状黒鉛BからFは全体の50質量%が本発明に該当する黒鉛であるので、4質量%を添加した場合に、黒鉛全体に対する本発明に該当する黒鉛の割合が20質量%となる。供試耐火物の製造方法および評価方法については前述した方法と全く同一である。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
 表3の総合判定の結果から、厚みが50μm以上100μm未満で、アスペクト比が5以上12以下の厚肉鱗状黒鉛を黒鉛全体の20質量%含有させることで、バランスに優れた耐火物が得られることが明らかである。アスペクト比の大きな粗大黒鉛や薄肉化黒鉛では強度のバラツキが非常に大きく、アスペクト比の小さな粒状黒鉛Aと粒状黒鉛Bおよび厚みが大きな塊状黒鉛は破壊エネルギーが非常に小さくなり不適当である。
 黒鉛の添加量と黒鉛以外の耐火原料種の影響を調査するため、表4に示すように、黒鉛の総量を30質量%とし、黒鉛以外の耐火原料として0.5mmアンダーのアルミナクリンカーを50質量%と0.3mmアンダーの溶融シリカを20質量%添加し、これらに適量のフェノールレジンを添加して均一に混練し坏土を得た。この坏土を1000kg/cmの圧力で外径120mm、内径50mm、高さ400mmの円筒状にCIP成形し、250℃で5時間熱処理後、コークスブリーズ中にて1000℃で8時間還元焼成し供試耐火物を得た。供試耐火物の評価方法については前述した方法と全く同一である。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000004
 表4に示す総合判定の結果から、黒鉛を増量した場合や黒鉛以外の耐火原料の種類が異なる場合でも、本発明の厚肉鱗状黒鉛を使用することで、バランスに優れた耐火物が得られることが明らかである。
 以上のとおり、本発明の厚肉鱗状黒鉛を使用することで、亀裂が進展しにくい安定した耐火物を得ることが出来る。このことは従来よりも材料設計の自由度が拡大されることを意味し、耐食性、耐磨耗性、耐酸化性を大幅に改善することも可能となる。

Claims (1)

  1.  耐火性原料および黒鉛を含む耐火物において、厚みが50μm以上100μm未満、粒径/厚みによって定義するアスペクト比が5以上12以下である厚肉鱗状黒鉛が、当該耐火物中の黒鉛全体の20質量%以上含有されていることを特徴とする厚肉鱗状黒鉛含有耐火物。
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WO2014187643A1 (de) * 2013-05-23 2014-11-27 Refratechnik Holding Gmbh Graphiterzeugnis und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
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