TWI504715B - 熱硬化型黏晶膜 - Google Patents

熱硬化型黏晶膜 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI504715B
TWI504715B TW098144526A TW98144526A TWI504715B TW I504715 B TWI504715 B TW I504715B TW 098144526 A TW098144526 A TW 098144526A TW 98144526 A TW98144526 A TW 98144526A TW I504715 B TWI504715 B TW I504715B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
film
weight
resin
die
semiconductor wafer
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TW098144526A
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English (en)
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TW201033319A (en
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Miki Hayashi
Naohide Takamoto
Kenji Oonishi
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Nitto Denko Corp
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Publication of TW201033319A publication Critical patent/TW201033319A/zh
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Description

熱硬化型黏晶膜
本發明是關於一種將例如半導體晶片等的半導體元件固著到基板或導線架(lead frame)等的被黏接體上時所使用的熱硬化型黏晶膜。另外,本發明是關於一種將此熱硬化型黏晶膜積層於切割膜上而成的切割黏晶膜。
先前,於半導體裝置的製造過程中向導線架或電極部件固著半導體晶片時是使用銀漿料(paste)。上述固著處理以如下方式進行:將漿料狀黏接劑塗佈於導線架的晶片墊(die pad)等之上,於其上搭載半導體晶片,並使漿料狀黏接劑層硬化。
但是,漿料狀黏接劑由於其黏度行為或劣化等而於塗佈量或塗佈形狀等方面產生較大的不均。結果,所形成的漿料狀黏接劑厚度變得不均勻,因此半導體晶片相關的固著強度缺乏可靠性。即,若漿料狀黏接劑的塗佈量不足,則半導體晶片與電極部件之間的固著強度變低,於其後的打線接合(wire bonding)步驟中半導體晶片會剝離。另一方面,若漿料狀黏接劑的塗佈量過多,則漿料狀黏接劑會流延至半導體晶片上而產生特性不良,良率或可靠性下降。此種固著處理中的問題隨著半導體晶片的大型化而變得特別顯著。因此,必須頻繁控制漿料狀黏接劑的塗佈量,從而對操作性或生產性造成障礙。
於此漿料狀黏接劑的塗佈步驟中,有利用其他途徑將 漿料狀黏接劑塗佈於導線架或形成晶片上的方法。但是,此方法中,漿料狀黏接劑層的均勻化困難,另外,塗佈漿料狀黏接劑必需特殊裝置或長時間。因此,揭示有一種切割黏晶膜,其於切割步驟中黏接保持半導體晶圓(wafer),並且賦予封裝(mount)步驟中所需的晶片固著用的黏接劑層(例如,參照日本專利特開昭60-57342號公報)。
此種切割黏晶膜具有在切割膜上積層有黏接劑層(黏晶膜)的結構。另外,切割膜具有在支持基材上積層有黏著劑層的結構。此切割黏晶膜以如下方式來使用。即,在利用黏晶膜保持半導體晶圓的狀態下切割半導體晶圓後,使支持基材延伸而將半導體晶片與黏晶膜一起剝離,並逐個回收。進而,經由黏晶膜使半導體晶片黏接固定於雙順丁烯二醯亞胺三嗪樹脂(Bismalimides triazine,BT)基板或導線架等的被黏接體上。
此處,先前的黏晶膜由於黏晶步驟時的黏晶溫度(例如80℃~140℃)下的儲存模數較高,故有時對上述被黏接體並未表現出充分的潤濕性,且黏接力變小。結果,存在以下問題:半導體晶片會由於在步驟內或各步驟間的輸送中所施加的振動或被黏接體的彎曲而自被黏接體脫落。
另外,由於在打線接合步驟時的打線接合溫度(例如175℃)下亦表現出較高的儲存模數,因此有時黏接力會不充分。結果存在以下問題:對黏接固定於黏晶膜上的半導體晶片進行打線接合時,亦會由於超音波振動或加熱而於黏晶膜與被黏接體的黏接面上產生剪切變形,而使打線接 合的成功率下降。
進而,在利用密封(鑄模,mould)樹脂對黏晶於被黏接體上的半導體晶片進行密封的鑄模步驟時,存在以下問題:此半導體晶片在注入密封樹脂時被沖走,而使良率下降。
本發明是鑒於上述問題點而成的,其目的在於提供一種兼具半導體裝置製造時所必需的儲存模數與高黏接力的熱硬化型黏晶膜、及具備此熱硬化型黏晶膜的切割黏晶膜。
本案發明者等人為了解決上述先前課題,而對熱硬化型黏晶膜進行了研究。結果發現,藉由將儲存模數控制在規定的數值範圍,此熱硬化型黏晶膜會在用以製造半導體裝置的規定的各步驟中表現出良好的潤濕性及黏接性,從而完成本發明。
即,本發明的熱硬化型黏晶膜是在半導體裝置製造時所使用的熱硬化型黏晶膜,其特徵在於:至少包含環氧樹脂、酚樹脂、丙烯酸系共聚物及填料,且80℃~140℃下的熱硬化前的儲存模數是在10kPa~10MPa的範圍內,175℃下的熱硬化前的儲存模數是在0.1MPa~3MPa的範圍內。
若為上述構成,則藉由使80℃~140℃下的儲存模數為10kPa~10MPa,而經由熱硬化型黏晶膜(以下有時稱為「黏晶膜」)將半導體晶片黏晶於BT基板或導線架等被黏接體上時,對此種被黏接體表現出充分的潤濕性,而防止 黏接力下降。結果,可防止半導體晶片由於在黏晶後的輸送過程中所施加的振動或被黏接體的彎曲而自被黏接體脫落。
另外,在上述構成中藉由使175℃下的儲存模數為0.1MPa~3MPa,則可在對半導體晶片進行打線接合時亦維持充分的黏接力。結果,在對黏接固定於黏晶膜上的半導體晶片進行打線接合時,亦可防止由超音波振動或加熱所導致的黏晶膜與被黏接體的黏接面上的剪切變形,並提高打線接合的成功率。
進而,在利用密封(鑄模)樹脂來對黏晶於被黏接體上的半導體晶片進行密封時,亦可防止此半導體晶片在注入該密封樹脂時被沖走。
於上述構成中,較佳為將上述環氧樹脂與酚樹脂的總重量設為X重量份、將丙烯酸系共聚物的重量設為Y重量份時的比率X/Y為0.11~4。藉由使環氧樹脂及酚樹脂的總重量(X重量份)與丙烯酸系共聚物的重量(Y重量份)的重量比率X/Y大於等於0.11,可使在175℃中熱處理1小時後的260℃中的儲存模數達到大於等於0.1MPa。結果,在用於半導體相關零件的可靠性評價的耐濕回流焊試驗中,亦可防止產生黏晶膜的剝離,實現可靠性的提高。另一方面,藉由使上述X/Y小於等於4,可增加作為黏晶膜的膜的機械強度而確保自持性。
另外,於上述構成中,較佳為將上述環氧樹脂、酚樹脂及丙烯酸系共聚物的總重量設為A重量份、將填料的重 量設為B重量份時的B/(A+B)小於等於0.8。藉由使填料的含量相對於環氧樹脂、酚樹脂及丙烯酸系共聚物的總重量小於等於0.8,可抑制儲存模數變得過大,更好地維持對被黏接體的潤濕性及黏接性。
於上述構成中,較佳為上述環氧樹脂為具有芳香族環的環氧樹脂,上述酚樹脂為苯酚酚醛清漆(phenol novolac)樹脂、苯酚聯苯(phenol biphenyl)樹脂或苯酚芳烷基(phenol aralkyl)樹脂的至少任意一種,上述丙烯酸系共聚物為含羧基的丙烯酸系共聚物或含環氧基的丙烯酸系共聚物的至少任意一種。
於上述構成中,較佳為上述填料的平均粒徑於0.005μm~10μm的範圍內。藉由使填料的平均粒徑大於等於0.005μm,可抑制儲存模數變得過大,更好地維持對被黏接體的潤濕性及黏接性。另一方面,藉由使上述平均粒徑小於等於10μm,可賦予對黏晶膜的增強效果,實現耐熱性的提高。
另外,於上述構成中,較佳為上述環氧樹脂的重量平均分子量於300~1500的範圍內。藉由使環氧樹脂的重量平均分子量大於等於300,可防止熱硬化後的黏晶膜的機械強度、耐熱性、耐濕性下降。另一方面,藉由使上述重量平均分子量小於等於1500,可防止熱硬化後的黏晶膜變得剛直而變脆弱。
另外,於上述構成中,較佳為上述酚樹脂的重量平均分子量是於300~1500的範圍內。藉由使酚樹脂的重量平 均分子量大於等於300,可對上述環氧樹脂的硬化物賦予充分的強韌性。另一方面,藉由使上述重量平均分子量小於等於1500,可抑制黏度變高,維持良好的作業性。
另外,於上述構成中,較佳為上述丙烯酸系共聚物的重量平均分子量是於10萬~100萬的範圍內。藉由使丙烯酸系共聚物的重量平均分子量大於等於10萬,可使對配線基板等被黏接體表面的高溫時的黏接性優異,並且亦可提高耐熱性。另一方面,藉由使上述重量平均分子量小於等於100萬,可容易地溶解於有機溶劑中。
另外,於上述構成中,較佳為玻璃轉移溫度是於10℃~小於等於50℃的範圍內。藉由使黏晶膜的玻璃轉移溫度大於等於10℃,可防止在半導體晶片黏晶時發生構成黏晶膜的黏接劑溢出。另一方面,藉由使上述玻璃轉移溫度小於等於50℃,可更好地維持對被黏接體的潤濕性及黏接性。
為了解決上述課題,本發明的切割黏晶膜的特徵在於:其具有將上述任一項所述之熱硬化型黏晶膜積層於切割膜上的結構。
本發明藉由上述說明的手段而發揮如下所述的效果。
即,根據本發明,由於是將80℃~140℃中的儲存模數設定在10kPa~10MPa的範圍內、將175℃中的儲存模數設定在0.1MPa~3MPa的範圍內,因此可對BT基板或導線架等被黏接體發揮出良好的潤濕性及黏接性。結果, 例如在經由本發明的熱硬化型黏晶膜而將半導體晶片黏晶於被黏接體上的情況下、或對黏晶後的半導體晶片進行打線接合的情況下、進而對黏晶於被黏接體上的半導體晶片進行樹脂密封的情況下,亦可將半導體晶片持續黏接固定於被黏接體上。即,若為本發明的構成,則可提供能夠提高良率而製造半導體裝置的熱硬化型黏晶膜。
為讓本發明之上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉實驗例,並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。
以下,以切割黏晶膜的型態為例,對本發明的熱硬化型黏晶膜(以下稱為「黏晶膜」)進行說明。本實施形態的切割黏晶膜10是在切割膜上積層有黏晶膜3的結構(參照圖1)。上述切割膜具有在基材1上積層有黏著劑層2的結構。黏晶膜3是積層在切割膜的黏著劑層2上。
本發明的黏晶膜3至少包含環氧樹脂、酚樹脂、丙烯酸系共聚物及填料而構成。上述黏晶膜3在80℃~140℃中的熱硬化前的儲存模數是於10kPa~10MPa的範圍內,較佳為10kPa~5MPa,更佳為10kPa~3MPa。藉由使上述儲存模數大於等於10kPa,可增加作為膜的機械強度而確保自持性。另一方面,藉由使上述儲存模數小於等於10MPa,可確保對被黏接體的潤濕性,而實現黏接力的維持。結果可防止半導體晶片由於黏晶後的輸送過程中所施加的振動或被黏接體的彎曲而自被黏接體脫落。
另外,黏晶膜3在175℃中的熱硬化前的儲存模數是 於0.1MPa~3MPa的範圍內,較佳為0.5kPa~2.5MPa,更佳為0.7kPa~2.3MPa。藉由使175℃中的熱硬化前的儲存模數在上述數值範圍內,在對半導體晶片進行打線接合時亦可維持充分的黏接力。結果,在對黏接固定於黏晶膜上的半導體晶片進行打線接合時,亦可防止由超音波振動或加熱所導致的黏晶膜與被黏接體的黏接面上的剪切變形,而提高打線接合的成功率。
上述黏晶膜3的玻璃轉移溫度較佳為10℃~50℃,更佳為20℃~45℃。藉由使上述玻璃轉移溫度大於等於10℃,可防止在半導體晶片的黏晶時發生構成黏晶膜的黏接劑溢出。另一方面,藉由使上述玻璃轉移溫度小於等於50℃,可更好地維持對被黏接體的潤濕性及黏接性。
另外,將環氧樹脂與酚樹脂的總重量設為X重量份、將丙烯酸系共聚物的重量設為Y重量份時,其調配比率X/Y(-)較佳為0.11~4,更佳為0.11~1.5,特佳為0.11~1.4,尤佳為0.11~1,最佳為0.11~0.5。藉由使調配比率X/Y大於等於0.11,可使在175℃中熱處理1小時後的260℃中的儲存模數大於等於0.1MPa,即便在耐濕回流焊試驗中亦可防止發生黏晶膜3的剝離,而實現可靠性的提高。另一方面,藉由使調配比率小於等於4,可增加作為黏晶膜3的膜的機械強度,而確保其自持性。
上述環氧樹脂若為通常用作黏接劑組成物的環氧樹脂,則並無特別限定,例如可使用:雙酚(bisphenol)A型、雙酚F型、雙酚S型、溴化雙酚A型、氫化雙酚A型、 雙酚AF型、聯苯型、萘(naphthalene)型、芴(fluorene)型、苯酚酚醛清漆型、鄰甲酚酚醛清漆(ortho cresol novolac)型、三羥基苯基甲烷(trishydroxyphenylmethane)型、四酚基乙烷(tetraphenylolethane)型等二官能環氧樹脂或多官能環氧樹脂,或乙內醯脲(hydantoin)型、異氰尿酸三縮水甘油酯(triglycidyl isocyanurate)型或縮水甘油胺(glycidyl amine)型等環氧樹脂。此等環氧樹脂可單獨使用,或者亦可併用2種或2種以上。此等環氧樹脂中,於本發明中特佳為具有苯環、聯苯環、萘環等芳香族環的環氧樹脂。具體而言,例如可列舉:酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、含二甲苯(xylylene)骨架的苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、含聯苯骨架的酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚F型環氧樹脂、四甲基聯苯酚型環氧樹脂、三苯基甲烷型環氧樹脂等。其原因在於:此等環氧樹脂富有與作為硬化劑的酚樹脂的反應性,並且耐熱性等優異。而且,環氧樹脂中的腐蝕半導體元件的離子性雜質等的含量少。
上述環氧樹脂的重量平均分子量較佳為於300~1500的範圍內,更佳為350~1000的範圍內。若重量平均分子量小於300,則有時熱硬化後的黏晶膜3的機械強度、耐熱性、耐濕性會下降。另一方面,若重量平均分子量大於1500,則有時熱硬化後的黏晶膜會變得剛直而變脆弱。而且,本發明中的重量平均分子量是指藉由凝膠滲透層析法(Gel Permeation Chromatography,GPC)並使用利用標準聚苯乙烯的校準曲線所得的聚苯乙烯換算值。
進而,上述酚樹脂發揮作為上述環氧樹脂的硬化劑的作用,例如可列舉:苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂、苯酚聯苯樹脂、苯酚芳烷基樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆樹脂、第三丁基苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂、壬基苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂等酚醛清漆型酚樹脂,可溶酚醛樹脂(resol)型酚樹脂、聚對羥基苯乙烯(poly(p-hydroxystyrene))等聚羥基苯乙烯等。此等可單獨使用,或者可併用2種或2種以上。此等酚樹脂中,較佳為以下述化學式表示的聯苯型苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂或苯酚芳烷基樹脂。其原因在於:可提高半導體裝置的連接可靠性。
(上述n為0~10的自然數)
而且,上述n較佳為0~10的自然數,更佳為0~5的自然數。藉由使上述n於上述數值範圍內,可確保黏晶膜3的流動性。
上述酚樹脂的重量平均分子量較佳為於300~1500的範圍內,更佳為於350~1000的範圍內。若重量平均分子量小於300,則有時上述環氧樹脂的熱硬化會變得不充分而無法獲得充分的強韌性。另一方面,若重量平均分子量大於1500,則有時黏度會變高而使黏晶膜製作時的作業性下降。
關於上述環氧樹脂與酚樹脂的調配比例,較佳為例如以相對於上述環氧樹脂成分中每1當量環氧基、酚樹脂中的羥基為0.5當量~2.0當量的方式進行調配。更佳為羥基為0.8當量~1.2當量。即,其原因在於:若兩者的調配比例超出上述範圍,則無法進行充分的硬化反應,環氧樹脂硬化物的特性容易劣化。
作為上述丙烯酸系共聚物,並無特別限定,於本發明中較佳為含羧基的丙烯酸系共聚物、含環氧基的丙烯酸系共聚物。上述含羧基的丙烯酸系共聚物中所使用的官能基單體可舉出丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸。對丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的含量進行調節以使酸值於1~4的範圍內。其剩餘部分可使用:丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等具有碳數1~8的烷基的丙烯酸烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,苯乙烯、或丙烯腈等的混合物。此等之中,特佳為(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯及/或(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯。混合比率較佳為考慮到後述的上述丙烯酸系共聚物的玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)而加以調整。另外,聚合方法並無特別限定,例如可採用溶液聚合法、塊狀聚合法、懸浮聚合法、乳化聚合法等先前公知的方法。
另外,作為可與上述單體成分共聚合的其他單體成分,並無特別限定,例如可舉出丙烯腈等。此等可共聚合的單體成分的使用量較佳為相對於總單體成分於1wt%~20wt%(重量百分比)的範圍內。藉由含有此數值範圍內的其他單體成分,可實現凝聚力、黏接性等的改質。
作為丙烯酸系共聚物的聚合方法,並無特別限定,例 如可採用溶液聚合法、塊狀聚合法、懸浮聚合法、乳化聚合法等先前公知的方法。
上述丙烯酸系共聚物的玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)較佳為-30℃~30℃,更佳為-20℃~15℃。藉由使玻璃轉移溫度大於等於-30℃,可確保耐熱性。另一方面,藉由使玻璃轉移溫度小於等於30℃,可提高防止表面狀態較粗糙的晶圓在切割後晶片脫落的效果。
上述丙烯酸系共聚物的重量平均分子量較佳為10萬~100萬,更佳為35萬~90萬。藉由使重量平均分子量大於等於10萬,可使對被黏接體表面的高溫時的黏接性優異,並且亦可提高耐熱性。另一方面,藉由使重量平均分子量小於等於100萬,可使上述丙烯酸系共聚物容易地溶解於有機溶劑中。
作為上述填料,可舉出無機填料或有機填料。就提高操作性及導熱性、調整熔融黏度、以及賦予觸變性(thixotropic)等的觀點而言,較佳為無機填料。
上述無機填料並無特別限定,例如可列舉:二氧化矽、氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鈣、氫氧化鎂、三氧化銻、碳酸鈣、碳酸鎂、矽酸鈣、矽酸鎂、氧化鈣、氧化鎂、氧化鋁、氮化鋁、硼酸鋁、氮化硼、結晶質二氧化矽、非晶質二氧化矽等。此等可單獨使用,或者可併用2種或2種以上。就提高導熱性的觀點而言,較佳為氧化鋁、氮化鋁、氮化硼、結晶性二氧化矽、非晶質二氧化矽等。另外,就與黏晶膜3的黏接性的平衡的觀點而言,較佳為二氧化矽。另外, 上述有機填料可列舉:聚醯亞胺、聚醯胺醯亞胺、聚醚醚酮、聚醚醯亞胺、聚酯醯亞胺、尼龍、矽酮等。此等可單獨使用,或者可併用2種或2種以上。
上述填料的平均粒徑較佳為0.005μm~10μm,更佳為0.05μm~1μm。若填料的平均粒徑大於等於0.005μm,則可使對被黏接體的潤濕性良好,並可抑制黏接性下降。另一方面,藉由使上述平均粒徑小於等於10μm,可提高添加填料所致的對黏晶膜3的增強效果,並實現耐熱性的提高。另外,可將平均粒徑互不相同的填料彼此加以組合而使用。另外,填料的平均粒徑是例如藉由光度式的粒度分佈計(HORIBA製造、裝置名:LA-910)所求得的值。
上述填料的形狀並無特別限定,例如可使用球狀、橢球狀者。
另外,將環氧樹脂、酚樹脂及丙烯酸系共聚物的總重量設為A重量份、將填料的重量設為B重量份時,比率B/(A+B)較佳為大於0而小於等於0.8,更佳為大於0而小於等於7。若上述比率為0,則無添加填料所致的增強效果,並有黏晶膜3的耐熱性下降的傾向。另一方面,若上述比率大於0.8,則有時對被黏接體的潤濕性及黏接性會下降。
另外,在黏晶膜3、3'中視需要可適當調配其他添加劑。作為其他添加劑,例如可列舉阻燃劑、矽烷偶合劑(silane coupling agent)或離子捕捉劑(ion trap agent)等。
上述阻燃劑例如可列舉三氧化銻、五氧化銻、溴化環氧樹脂等。此等可單獨使用,或者可併用2種或2種以上。
作為上述矽烷偶合劑,例如可列舉β-(3,4-環氧環己基)乙基三甲氧基矽烷、γ-縮水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、γ-縮水甘油氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基矽烷等。此等化合物可單獨使用,或者可併用2種或2種以上。
作為上述離子捕捉劑,例如可列舉水滑石(hydrotalcite)類、氫氧化鉍等。此等可單獨使用,或者可併用2種或2種以上。
作為上述環氧樹脂與酚樹脂的熱硬化促進觸媒,並無特別限定,例如較佳為包含三苯基膦(triphenylphosphine)骨架、胺(amine)骨架、三苯基硼烷(triphenylborane)骨架、三鹵硼烷(trihalogenborane)骨架等的任一種的鹽。
黏晶膜3的厚度(於積層體時為總厚度)並無特別限定,例如為5μm~100μm左右,較佳為5μm~50μm左右。
而且,黏晶膜例如可形成為僅包含黏接劑層單層的構成。另外,可將玻璃轉移溫度不同的熱塑性樹脂、熱硬化溫度不同的熱硬化性樹脂進行適當組合,而形成2層或2層以上的多層結構。再者,由於在半導體晶圓的切割步驟中使用切削水,故有時黏晶膜會吸濕而達到常態或常態以上的含水率。若於此種高含水率的狀態下使黏晶膜黏接於基板等上,則有時在後硬化(after cure)的階段中水蒸氣會滯留於黏接界面上,而發生凸起。因此,黏晶膜藉由形成 以黏接劑層夾持透濕性高的核心(core)材料的構成,而在後硬化的階段中,水蒸氣通過膜而擴散,能夠避免上述問題。就此觀點而言,黏晶膜亦可形成為在核心材料的單面或兩面形成黏接劑層的多層結構。
作為上述核心材料,可列舉:膜(例如聚醯亞胺膜、聚酯膜、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯膜、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯膜、聚碳酸酯膜等)、經玻璃纖維或塑膠製不織纖維強化的樹脂基板、鏡面矽晶圓(mirror silicon wafer)、矽基板或玻璃基板等。
另外,黏晶膜3較佳為藉由間隔物(separator)來保護(未圖示)。間隔物具有作為保護黏晶膜直至用於實際應用的保護材料的功能。另外,間隔物進而可用作於切割膜上轉印黏晶膜3、3'時的支持基材。在黏晶膜上貼合工件時剝離該間隔物。該間隔物亦可使用聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(polyethylene terephthalate,PET)、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、或藉由氟系剝離劑、長鏈烷基丙烯酸酯系剝離劑等剝離劑進行表面塗佈的塑膠膜或紙等。
而且,作為本發明的切割黏晶膜,除了圖1所示的黏晶膜3以外,亦可為如圖2所示般僅於半導體晶圓貼合部分積層黏晶膜3'而成的切割黏晶膜11的構成。
上述基材1是成為切割黏晶膜10、11的強度母體的基材。例如可列舉:低密度聚乙烯、直鏈狀聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、超低密度聚乙烯、無規(random)共聚合聚丙烯、嵌段(block)共聚合聚丙烯、均聚丙烯 (homopolyprolene)、聚丁烯、聚甲基戊烯等聚烯烴,乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、離子鍵樹脂(ionomer resin)、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸酯(無規則、交替)共聚物、乙烯-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-己烯共聚物、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯等聚酯,聚碳酸酯,聚醯亞胺,聚醚醚酮,聚醯亞胺,聚醚醯亞胺,聚醯胺,全芳香族聚醯胺,聚苯基硫醚,芳族聚醯胺(aramid)(紙),玻璃,玻璃布,氟樹脂,聚氯乙烯,聚偏二氯乙烯,纖維素系樹脂,矽酮樹脂,金屬(箔),紙等。於黏著劑層2為紫外線硬化型時,基材1較佳為對紫外線具有透射性的基材。
另外,作為基材1的材料,可舉出上述樹脂的交聯體等聚合物。上述塑膠膜可未經延伸而使用,亦可視需要使用實施了單軸或雙軸延伸處理的塑膠膜。若利用藉由延伸處理等而賦予熱收縮性的樹脂片材,則切割後會使此基材1熱收縮,而使黏著劑層2與黏晶膜3,3'的黏接面積下降,從而容易回收半導體晶片。
為了提高與相鄰接的層的密接性、保持性等,基材1的表面可實施慣用的表面處理,例如鉻酸處理、臭氧暴露、火焰暴露、高壓電擊暴露、離子化放射線處理等的化學的或物理的處理,利用底塗劑(例如後述的黏著物質)的塗佈處理。
上述基材1可適當選擇使用同種或不同種的基材,視需要可使用混合數種基材的基材。另外,為了賦予抗靜電 能力,上述基材1上可設置包含金屬、合金、此等的氧化物等的厚度為30Å~500Å左右的導電性物質的蒸鍍層。基材1可為單層或者2種或2種以上的多層。
基材1的厚度並無特別限制,可適當地決定,通常為5μm~200μm左右。
上述黏著劑層2包含紫外線硬化型黏著劑而構成。紫外線硬化型黏著劑可藉由照射紫外線使交聯度增大從而容易使其黏著力下降,藉由僅對圖1所示的黏著劑層2的與半導體晶圓貼合部分相對應的部分2a照射紫外線,可設置與其他部分2b的黏著力差。
另外,對準圖2所示的黏晶膜3'使紫外線硬化型黏著劑層2硬化,藉此可容易地形成黏著力明顯下降的上述部分2a。因為於硬化而黏著力下降的上述部分2a上貼合黏晶膜3',故黏著劑層2的上述部分2a與黏晶膜3'的界面具有拾取(pickup)時容易剝離的性質。另一方面,未照射紫外線的部分具有充分的黏著力,而形成上述部分2b。
如上所述,於圖1所示的切割黏晶膜10的黏著劑層2中,由未硬化的紫外線硬化型黏著劑所形成的上述部分2b與黏晶膜3黏著,可確保切割時的保持力。如此,紫外線硬化型黏著劑可在黏接/剝離的平衡良好的情況下支持用以將半導體晶片固著於被黏接體上的黏晶膜3。於圖2所示的切割黏晶膜11的黏著劑層2中,上述部分2b可固定晶圓環(wafer ring)16。上述被黏接體6並無特別限定,例如可舉出球柵陣列(ball grid array,BGA)基板等各種基板、 導線架、半導體元件、間隔物等。
上述紫外線硬化型黏著劑可無特別限制地使用具有碳-碳雙鍵等紫外線硬化性官能基、且表現黏著性的紫外線硬化型黏著劑。作為紫外線硬化型黏著劑,例如可例示:在丙烯酸系黏著劑、橡膠系黏著劑等通常的感壓性黏著劑中調配紫外線硬化性單體(monomer)成分或寡聚物(oligomer)成分的添加型紫外線硬化型黏著劑。
作為上述感壓性黏著劑,就半導體晶圓或玻璃等忌諱污染的電子零件利用超純水或醇等有機溶劑所進行的清潔清洗性等方面而言,較佳為以丙烯酸系聚合物為基礎聚合物(base polymer)的丙烯酸系黏著劑。
作為上述丙烯酸系聚合物,例如可列舉:使用(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯(例如甲酯、乙酯、丙酯、異丙酯、丁酯、異丁酯、第二丁酯、第三丁酯、戊酯、異戊酯、己酯、庚酯、辛酯、2-乙基己酯、異辛酯、壬酯、癸酯、異癸酯、十一烷基酯、十二烷基酯、十三烷基酯、十四烷基酯、十六烷基酯、十八烷基酯、二十烷基酯等烷基的碳數為1~30、特別是碳數為4~18的直鏈狀或支鏈狀的烷基酯等)及(甲基)丙烯酸環烷基酯(例如環戊酯、環己酯等)的1種或者2種或2種以上作為單體成分的丙烯酸系聚合物等。另外,(甲基)丙烯酸酯是指丙烯酸酯及/或甲基丙烯酸酯,本發明的(甲基)全部為相同的含義。
為了凝聚力、耐熱性等的改質,上述丙烯酸系聚合物視需要可含有與能與上述(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯或環烷基酯 共聚合的其他單體成分相對應的單元。作為此種單體成分,例如可列舉:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸羧乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羧戊酯、衣康酸(itaconic acid)、順丁烯二酸(maleic acid)、反丁烯二酸(fumaric acid)、丁烯酸(crotonic acid)等含羧基的單體;順丁烯二酸酐、衣康酸酐等酸酐單體;(甲基)丙烯酸-2-羥乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-2-羥丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-4-羥丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-6-羥己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-8-羥基辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-10-羥癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-12-羥基十二烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸(4-羥基甲基環己基)甲酯等含羥基的單體;苯乙烯磺酸(styrenesulfonic acid)、烯丙基磺酸、2-(甲基)丙烯醯胺-2-甲基丙磺酸、(甲基)丙烯醯胺丙磺酸、(甲基)丙烯酸磺丙酯、(甲基)丙烯醯氧基萘磺酸等含磺酸基的單體;2-羥乙基丙烯醯基磷酸酯等含磷酸基的單體;丙烯醯胺、丙烯腈等。此等可共聚合的單體成分可使用1種或者2種或2種以上。此等可共聚合的單體的使用量較佳為總單體成分的40wt%或40wt%以下。
進而,上述丙烯酸系聚合物為了進行交聯,視需要亦可含有多官能性單體等作為共聚合用單體成分。作為此種多官能性單體,例如可列舉:己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(聚)乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(聚)丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、環氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯、 聚酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸胺基甲酸酯等。此等多官能性單體可使用1種或者2種或2種以上。就黏著特性等方面而言,多官能性單體的使用量較佳為總單體成分的30wt%或30wt%以下。
上述丙烯酸系聚合物可藉由使單一單體或者2種或2種以上的單體混合物進行聚合而獲得。聚合亦可利用溶液聚合、乳化聚合、塊狀聚合、懸浮聚合等任一方式來進行。就防止清潔的被黏接體受到污染等方面而言,較佳為低分子量物質的含量較少。就此方面而言,丙烯酸系聚合物的數量平均分子量較佳為大於等於30萬,更佳為40萬~300萬左右。
另外,為了提高作為基礎聚合物的丙烯酸系聚合物等的數量平均分子量,上述黏著劑中亦可適當地採用外部交聯劑。作為外部交聯方法的具體手段,可列舉:添加聚異氰酸酯化合物、環氧化合物、氮丙啶(aziridine)化合物、三聚氰胺(melamine)系交聯劑等所謂的交聯劑而使其反應的方法。使用外部交聯劑時,其使用量根據與可交聯的基礎聚合物的平衡、並且根據作為黏著劑的使用用途而適當決定。通常,相對於上述基礎聚合物100重量份,較佳為調配小於等於5重量份左右的外部交聯劑,更佳為調配0.1重量份~5重量份的外部交聯劑。進而,黏著劑中除了上述成分外,視需要亦可使用先前公知的各種增黏劑、抗老化劑等添加劑。
作為所調配的上述紫外線硬化性的單體成分,例如可 列舉:胺基甲酸酯寡聚物、(甲基)丙烯酸胺基甲酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、四羥甲基甲烷四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇單羥基五(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。另外,紫外線硬化性的寡聚物成分可列舉:胺基甲酸酯系、聚醚系、聚酯系、聚碳酸酯系、聚丁二烯系等各種寡聚物,其分子量較佳為100~30000左右的範圍。紫外線硬化性的單體成分或寡聚物成分的調配量可根據上述黏著劑層的種類來適當決定可降低黏著劑層的黏著力的量。通常,相對於構成黏著劑的丙烯酸系聚合物等基礎聚合物100重量份,例如為5重量份~500重量份,較佳為40重量份~150重量份左右。
另外,作為紫外線硬化型黏著劑,除了上述說明的添加型紫外線硬化型黏著劑以外,亦可列舉:使用於聚合物側鏈或主鏈中或主鏈末端具有碳-碳雙鍵的聚合物作為基礎聚合物的內在型紫外線硬化型黏著劑。由於內在型紫外線硬化型黏著劑無須含有或者多數不含有作為低分子量成分的寡聚物成分等,因此寡聚物成分等不會隨著時間經過而於黏著劑中移動,從而可形成穩定的層結構的黏著劑層,因此較好。
上述具有碳-碳雙鍵的基礎聚合物可無特別限制地使用具有碳-碳雙鍵、且具有黏著性的基礎聚合物。作為此種基礎聚合物,較佳為以丙烯酸系聚合物為基本骨架的基礎 聚合物。作為丙烯酸系聚合物的基本骨架,可舉出上述例示的丙烯酸系聚合物。
向上述丙烯酸系基礎聚合物中導入碳-碳雙鍵的方法並無特別限制,可採用各種方法,但在分子設計上比較容易的是將碳-碳雙鍵導入至聚合物側鏈。例如可舉出下述方法:預先使丙烯酸系聚合物中具有官能基的單體共聚合後,使具有可與此官能基反應的官能基及碳-碳雙鍵的化合物在維持碳-碳雙鍵的紫外線硬化性的狀態下進行縮合或加成反應。
作為此等官能基的組合的例子,可列舉:羧酸基與環氧基、羧酸基與氮丙啶基、羥基與異氰酸酯基等。此等官能基的組合中,就反應追蹤的容易性而言,較佳為羥基與異氰酸酯基的組合。另外,若為藉由此等官能基的組合而生成上述具有碳-碳雙鍵的丙烯酸系聚合物的組合,則官能基可存在於丙烯酸系聚合物與上述化合物的任一側,在上述較好的組合中,較佳為丙烯酸系聚合物具有羥基,上述化合物具有異氰酸酯基。此時,作為具有碳-碳雙鍵的異氰酸酯化合物,例如可列舉:甲基丙烯醯基異氰酸酯、2-甲基丙烯醯氧基乙基異氰酸酯、間異丙烯基-α,α-二甲基苄基異氰酸酯等。另外,作為丙烯酸系聚合物,可使用使上述例示的含羥基的單體或2-羥基乙基乙烯醚、4-羥基丁基乙烯醚、二乙二醇單乙烯醚的醚系化合物等進行共聚合而成的聚合物。
上述內在型紫外線硬化型黏著劑可單獨使用上述具 有碳-碳雙鍵的基礎聚合物(特別是丙烯酸系聚合物),但在不使特性惡化的程度下,亦可調配上述紫外線硬化性的單體成分或寡聚物成分。紫外線硬化性的寡聚物成分等通常於相對於基礎聚合物100重量份為30重量份的範圍內,較佳為0重量份~10重量份的範圍。
上述紫外線硬化型黏著劑在藉由紫外線等而硬化時可含有光聚合起始劑。作為光聚合起始劑,例如可列舉:4-(2-羥基乙氧基)苯基(2-羥基-2-丙基)酮、α-羥基-α,α'-二甲基苯乙酮、2-甲基-2-羥基苯丙酮、1-羥基環己基苯基酮等α-酮醇系化合物;甲氧基苯乙酮、2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、2,2-二乙氧基苯乙酮、2-甲基-1-[4-(甲硫基)-苯基]-2-嗎啉基丙烷-1等苯乙酮系化合物;安息香乙醚、安息香異丙醚、茴香偶姻甲醚(anisoin methyl ether)等安息香醚系化合物;苯偶醯二甲基縮酮(benzyl dimethyl ketal)等縮酮系化合物;2-萘磺醯氯等芳香族磺醯氯(sulfonyl chloride)系化合物;1-苯酮-1,1-丙烷二酮-2-(O-乙氧基羰基)肟等光活性肟系化合物;二苯甲酮、苯甲醯苯甲酸、3,3'-二甲基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮等二苯甲酮系化含物;硫雜蒽酮(thioxanthone)、2-氯硫雜蒽酮、2-甲基硫雜蒽酮、2,4-二甲基硫雜蒽酮、異丙基硫雜蒽酮、2,4-二氯硫雜蒽酮、2,4-二乙基硫雜蒽酮、2,4-二異丙基硫雜蒽酮等硫雜蒽酮系化合物;樟腦醌(camphorquinone);鹵化酮;醯基膦氧化物(acyl phosphinoxide);醯基磷酸酯(acyl phosphonate)等。光聚合起始劑的調配量相對於構成黏著劑的丙烯酸系聚合物等基 礎聚合物100重量份,例如為0.05重量份~20重量份左右。
另外,作為紫外線硬化型黏著劑,例如可舉出日本專利特開昭60-196956號公報所揭示的橡膠系黏著劑或丙烯酸系黏著劑等,此橡膠系黏著劑或丙烯酸系黏著劑含有:具有2個或2個以上不飽和鍵的加成聚合性化合物、具有環氧基的烷氧基矽烷等光聚合性化合物與羰基化合物、有機硫化合物、過氧化物、胺、鎓鹽系化合物等光聚合起始劑。
作為於上述黏著劑層2上形成上述部分2a的方法,可舉出:在基材1上形成紫外線硬化型黏著劑層2後,對上述部分2a部分性地照射紫外線而使其硬化的方法。部分性的紫外線照射可經由形成有與半導體晶圓貼合部分3a以外的部分3b等相對應的圖案的光罩(photo-mask)來進行。另外,可舉出成點狀(spot)地照射紫外線而使上述部分2a硬化的方法等。紫外線硬化型黏著劑層2的形成可藉由將設置於間隔物上的紫外線硬化型黏著劑層轉印至基材1上來進行。部分性的紫外線硬化亦可在設置於間隔物上的紫外線硬化型黏著劑層2上進行。
在切割黏晶膜10的黏著劑層2中,亦可對黏著劑層2的一部分照射紫外線而使上述部分2a的黏著力小於其他部分2b的黏著力。即,可使用基板1至少單面的與半導體晶圓貼合部分3a相對應的部分以外的部分的全部或一部分被遮光的黏著劑層,於其上形成紫外線硬化型黏著劑層 2後進行紫外線照射,而使與半導體晶圓貼合部分3a相對應的部分硬化,從而形成黏著力下降的上述部分2a。遮光材料可藉由印刷或蒸鍍等製作在支持膜上而成為光罩的材料。藉此,可高效地製造本發明的切割黏晶膜10。
而且,在照射紫外線時,在因氧氣而引起硬化阻礙時,較理想的是自紫外線硬化型黏著劑層2的表面遮斷氧氣(空氣)。作為其方法,例如可列舉:利用間隔物被覆黏著劑層2的表面的方法、或者在氮氣環境中進行紫外線等紫外線的照射的方法等。
黏著劑層2的厚度並無特別限定,就防止晶片切割面的破碎或固定保持黏接層的兼具性等方面而言,較佳為1μm~50μm左右。較佳為2μm~30μm,更佳為5μm~25μm。
(半導體裝置的製造方法)
接著,以下使用本實施形態的切割黏晶膜10來對半導體裝置的製造方法加以說明。
首先,如圖1所示,在切割黏晶膜10的黏接劑層3的半導體晶圓貼合部分3a上壓接半導體晶圓4,使其黏接保持並固定(安裝步驟)。本步驟是藉由壓接輥(roll)等按壓裝置一邊按壓一邊進行。
接著,進行半導體晶圓4的切割。藉此,將半導體晶圓4切割成規定尺寸而單片化,以製造半導體晶片5。切割例如是自半導體晶圓4的電路面側依據常規方法來進行。另外,本步驟中例如可採用切入至切割黏晶膜10的稱 為全切(full cut)的切斷方式等。本步驟中所使用的切割裝置並無特別限定,可使用先前公知的切割裝置。另外,半導體晶圓是藉由切割黏晶膜10而黏接固定,因此可抑制晶片破碎或晶片脫落,並亦可抑制半導體晶圓4的破損。
為了將黏接固定於切割黏晶膜10上的半導體晶片剝離,而進行半導體晶片5的拾取。拾取的方法並無特別限定,可採用先前公知的各種方法。例如可舉出以下方法:利用針(needle)自切割黏晶膜10側將各半導體晶片5向上頂起,藉由拾取裝置而拾取被頂起的半導體晶片5。。
此處,當黏著劑層2為紫外線硬化型時,拾取是在對此黏著劑層2照射紫外線後進行。藉此,黏著劑層2對黏接劑層3a的黏著力下降,半導體晶片5的剝離變得容易。結果可在不損傷半導體晶片的情況下進行拾取。紫外線照射時的照射強度、照射時間等條件並無特別限定,視需要進行適當設定即可。另外,紫外線照射時所使用的光源可使用上述光源。
接著,如圖3所示,經由黏晶膜3a將藉由切割而形成的半導體晶片5黏晶於被黏接體6上。黏晶是藉由壓接來進行的。黏晶的條件並無特別限定,可視需要來進行適當設定。具體而言,例如可在黏晶溫度80℃~160℃、黏晶壓力5N~15N、黏晶時間1秒~10秒的範圍內進行。
接著,藉由對黏晶膜3a進行加熱處理而使其熱硬化,從而使半導體晶片5與被黏接體6黏接。作為加熱處理條件,較佳為:溫度於80℃~180℃的範圍內,且加熱時間 為0.1小時~24小時,較佳為0.1小時~4小時,更佳為0.1小時~1小時的範圍內。
接著,進行打線接合步驟,即,藉由接線(bonding wire)7將被黏接體6的端子部(內部引線(inner lead))的前端與半導體晶片5上的電極焊墊(未圖示)電性連接。作為上述接線7,例如可使用金線、鋁線或銅線等。進行打線接合時的溫度為80℃~250℃,較佳為80℃~220℃的範圍內。另外,進行打線接合時的加熱時間為數秒~數分鐘。結線是在加熱至上述溫度範圍內的狀態下,藉由併用超音波所致的振動能與施加加壓所致的壓接能量來進行。
此處,熱硬化後的黏晶膜3a較佳為在175℃下具有大於等於0.01MPa的剪切黏接力,更佳為0.01MPa~5MPa。藉由使熱硬化後的175℃下的剪切黏接力大於等於0.01MPa,可防止由於打線接合步驟時的超音波振動或加熱、而在黏晶膜3a與半導體晶片5或被黏接體6的黏接面上產生剪切變形。即,半導體元件不會因打線接合時的超音波振動而移動,藉此可防止打線接合的成功率下降。
而且,打線接合步驟可在不藉由加熱處理使黏晶膜3熱硬化的情況下進行。此時,黏晶膜3a在250℃下的剪切黏接力相對於被黏接體6較佳為大於等於0.2MPa,更佳為0.2MPa~10MPa。藉由使上述剪切黏接力大於等於0.2MPa,則即便在不使黏晶膜3a熱硬化的情況下進行打線接合步驟,亦不會由於此步驟中的超音波振動或加熱而於黏晶膜3a與半導體晶片5或被黏接體6的黏接面上產生剪切 變形。即,半導體元件不會因打線接合時的超音波振動而移動,藉此可防止打線接合的成功率下降。
另外,未硬化的黏晶膜3a即便進行打線接合步驟亦不會完全熱硬化。進而,即便於80℃~250℃的溫度範圍內,黏晶膜3a的剪切黏接力亦必須大於等於0.2MPa。其原因在於:若在此溫度範圍內剪切黏接力小於0.2MPa,則半導體元件會因打線接合時的超音波振動而移動,而無法進行打線接合,從而使良率下降。
接著,進行藉由密封樹脂而將半導體晶片5密封的密封步驟。本步驟是為了保護搭載於被黏接體6上的半導體晶片5或接線7而進行的。本步驟是藉由利用模具而將密封用的樹脂成型來進行的。作為密封樹脂8例如使用環氧系樹脂。樹脂密封時的加熱溫度,通常在175℃中進行60秒~90秒,但本發明並不限定於此,例如可在165℃~185℃中進行數分鐘硬化(cure)。藉此,使密封樹脂硬化,並且在黏晶膜3a未熱硬化的情況下亦可使此黏晶膜3a熱硬化。即,於本發明中,即便於未進行後述的後硬化步驟的情況下,亦可在本步驟中使黏晶膜3a熱硬化而進行黏接,從而有助於減少製造步驟數及縮短半導體裝置的製造時間。
於上述後硬化步驟中,使在上述密封步驟中硬化不足的密封樹脂8完全硬化。即便在密封步驟中黏晶膜3a未熱硬化的情況下,亦可在本步驟中與密封樹脂8的硬化一起使黏晶膜3a熱硬化而進行黏接固定。本步驟中的加熱溫度 根據密封樹脂的種類而不同,例如於165℃~185℃的範圍內,加熱時間為0.5小時~8小時左右。
另外,本發明的切割黏晶膜如圖4所示,在積層多個半導體晶片進行三維封裝時亦可較好地使用。圖4是表示經由黏晶膜而將半導體晶片進行三維封裝的例子的剖面示意圖。在圖4所示的三維封裝時,首先將切成與半導體晶片相同尺寸的至少1片黏晶膜3a貼合於被黏接體6上,然後,經由黏晶膜3a而將半導體晶片5以其打線接合面為上側的方式進行黏晶。接著,避開半導體晶片5的電極焊墊部分而貼合黏晶膜13。進而,將其他半導體晶片15以其打線接合面為上側的方式黏晶於黏晶膜13上。其後,藉由對黏晶膜3a、13加熱使其熱硬化而進行黏接固定,從而提高耐熱強度。加熱條件與上述相同,較佳為溫度於80℃~200℃的範圍內,且加熱時間於0.1小時~24小時的範圍內。
另外,於本發明中,亦可不使黏晶膜3a、13熱硬化而僅進行黏晶。其後,亦可不經過加熱步驟而進行打線接合,進而以密封樹脂來將半導體晶片密封,將此密封樹脂進行後硬化(after cure)。
接著,進行打線接合步驟。藉此,利用黏接線7而將半導體晶片5及其他半導體晶片15中的各電極焊墊與被黏接體6電性連接。而且,本步驟可不經過黏晶膜3a、13的加熱步驟而實施。
接著,進行藉由密封樹脂8而將半導體晶片5等密封 的密封步驟,並使密封樹脂硬化。與此同時,在未進行熱硬化時,藉由黏晶膜3a的熱硬化而將被黏接體6與半導體晶片5之間黏接固定。另外,藉由黏晶膜13的熱硬化,亦使半導體晶片5與其他半導體晶片15之間黏接固定。而且,在密封步驟後,可進行後硬化步驟。
於半導體晶片的三維封裝時,由於不進行黏晶膜3a、13的加熱的加熱處理,因此可實現製造步驟的簡化及良率的提高。另外,由於不會在被黏接體6上產生翹曲,或者在半導體晶片5及其他半導體晶片15上產生龜裂(crack),因此可實現半導體元件的進一步薄型化。
另外,如圖5所示,亦可形成為在半導體晶片間經由黏晶膜來積層間隔物(spacer)的三維封裝。圖5是表示經由間隔物藉由黏晶膜將2個半導體晶片進行三維封裝的例子的剖面示意圖。
在圖5所示的三維封裝時,首先於被黏接體6上依次積層黏晶膜3、半導體晶片5及黏晶膜21而進行黏晶。進而,在黏晶膜21上依次積層間隔物9、黏晶膜21、黏晶膜3a及半導體晶片5而進行黏晶。其後,藉由對黏晶膜3a、21進行加熱使其熱硬化而黏接固定,從而提高耐熱強度。加熱條件與上述相同,較佳為溫度於80℃~200℃的範圍內,且加熱時間於0.1小時~24小時的範圍內。
另外,於本發明中,可不使黏晶膜3a、21熱硬化而僅進行黏晶。其後,亦可不經過加熱步驟而進行打線接合,進而利用密封樹脂而將半導體晶片密封,使此密封樹脂進 行一種後硬化。
接著,如圖5所示,進行打線接合步驟。藉此,利用黏接線7將半導體晶片5中的電極焊墊與被黏接體6電性連接。而且,本步驟可不經過黏晶膜3a、21的加熱步驟而實施。
接著,進行藉由密封樹脂8而將半導體晶片5密封的密封步驟,並使密封樹脂8硬化,與此同時,在黏晶膜3a、21未硬化的情況下,藉由使此等黏晶膜熱硬化,而使被黏接體6與半導體晶片5之間、及半導體晶片5與間隔物9之間黏接固定。藉此,獲得半導體封裝(package)。密封步驟較佳為僅對半導體晶片5側進行單面密封的總括密封法。密封是為了保護貼合於黏著片材上的半導體晶片5而進行的,其方法以使用密封樹脂8而在模具中成型為代表。此時,通常是使用包括具有多個模腔(cavity)的上模具與下模具的模具,同時進行密封步驟。樹脂密封時的加熱溫度較佳為例如於170℃~180℃的範圍內。在密封步驟後,亦可進行一種後硬化步驟。
而且,上述間隔物9並無特別限定,例如可使用先前公知的矽晶片、聚醯亞胺膜等。另外,可使用核心材料作為上述間隔物。核心材料並無特別限定,可使用先前公知的核心材料。具體可使用:膜(例如聚醯亞胺膜、聚酯膜、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯膜、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯膜、聚碳酸酯膜等)、經玻璃纖維或塑膠製不織纖維強化的樹脂基板、鏡面矽晶圓、矽基板或玻璃被黏接體。
(其他事項)
在上述被黏接體上對半導體元件進行三維封裝時,於半導體元件的形成有電路的一面側形成有緩衝塗層(buffer coat)膜。作為此緩衝塗層膜,例如可舉出氮化矽膜或包含聚醯亞胺樹脂等耐熱樹脂的膜。
另外,在半導體元件的三維封裝時,各階段中所使用的黏晶膜並不限定於包含同一組成的黏晶膜,可根據製造條件或用途等進行適當變更。
另外,於上述實施形態中,在被黏接體上積層多個半導體元件後,總括地對進行打線接合步驟的型態進行了闡述,但本發明並不限定於此。例如亦可在每次將半導體元件積層於被黏接體上時進行打線接合步驟。
實驗例
以下,舉例詳細說明此發明的較佳實驗例。但此實驗例中所記載的材料或調配量等只要無特別限定的說明,則並非僅限定於此發明的範圍,此實驗例僅為說明例。另外,份表示重量份。
(實驗例1)
相對於100份作為以丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯為主成分的丙烯酸系共聚物的丙烯酸酯系聚合物(長瀨化成(Nagase chemteX Corporation)股份有限公司製造、Teisanresin SG-708-6、重量平均分子量80萬),使6.25份環氧樹脂(JER股份有限公司製造、Epikote 834、重量平均分子量470)、12.5份酚樹脂(荒川化學股份有限公司製造、 Tamanol 100S、重量平均分子量900)、54份平均粒徑500nm的球狀二氧化矽(Admatechs股份有限公司製造、SO-25R)溶解於甲基乙基酮中,而製備濃度為20.7wt%的黏接劑組成物。
將此黏接劑組成物溶液塗佈於由經矽酮脫模處理的厚度為50μm的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯膜所構成的脫模處理膜(剝離襯墊(release liner))上後,於130℃下乾燥2分鐘。藉此來製作厚度為40μm的熱硬化型黏晶膜A。
(實驗例2)
相對於100份作為以丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯為主成分的丙烯酸系共聚物的丙烯酸酯系聚合物(長瀨化成股份有限公司製造、Teisanresin SG-708-6、重量平均分子量80萬),使12.5份環氧樹脂(JER股份有限公司製造、Epikote 834、重量平均分子量470)、12.5份酚樹脂(荒川化學股份有限公司製造、Tamanol 100S、重量平均分子量900)、83份平均粒徑500nm的球狀二氧化矽(Admatechs股份有限公司製造、SO-25R)溶解於甲基乙基酮中,而製備濃度為21.5wt%的黏接劑組成物。
將此黏接劑組成物溶液塗佈於由經矽酮脫模處理的厚度為50μm的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯膜所構成的脫模處理膜(剝離襯墊)上後,於130℃下乾燥2分鐘。藉此來製作厚度為40μm的熱硬化型黏晶膜B。
(實驗例3)
相對於100份作為以丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯為 主成分的丙烯酸系共聚物的丙烯酸酯系聚合物(長瀨化成股份有限公司製造、Teisanresin SG-708-6、重量平均分子量80萬),使7份環氧樹脂(JER股份有限公司製造、Epikote 834、重量平均分子量470)、7份酚樹脂(荒川化學股份有限公司製造、Tamanol 100S、重量平均分子量900)、85份平均粒徑500nm的球狀二氧化矽(Admatechs股份有限公司製造、SO-25R)溶解於甲基乙基酮中,而製備濃度為20.5wt%的黏接劑組成物。
將此黏接劑組成物溶液塗佈於由經矽酮脫模處理的厚度為50μm的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯膜所構成的脫模處理膜(剝離襯墊)上後,於130℃下乾燥2分鐘。藉此來製作厚度為40μm的熱硬化型黏晶膜C。
(實驗例4)
相對於100份作為以丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯為主成分的丙烯酸系共聚物的丙烯酸酯系聚合物(長瀨化成股份有限公司製造、Teisanresin SG-708-6、重量平均分子量40萬),使85份環氧樹脂(JER股份有限公司製造、Epikote 834、重量平均分子量470)、47份酚樹脂(荒川化學股份有限公司製造、Tamanol 100S、重量平均分子量900)、232份平均粒徑500nm的球狀二氧化矽(Admatechs股份有限公司製造、SO-25R)溶解於甲基乙基酮中,而製備濃度為21.0wt%的黏接劑組成物。
將此黏接劑組成物溶液塗佈於由經矽酮脫模處理的厚度為50μm的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯膜所構成的脫模處 理膜(剝離襯墊)上後,於130℃下乾燥2分鐘。藉此來製作厚度為40μm的熱硬化型黏晶膜D。
(實驗例5)
相對於100份作為以丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯為主成分的丙烯酸系共聚物的丙烯酸酯系聚合物(長瀨化成股份有限公司製造、Teisanresin SG-708-6、重量平均分子量40萬),使43份環氧樹脂(JER股份有限公司製造、Epikote 834、重量平均分子量470)、23份酚樹脂(荒川化學股份有限公司製造、Tamanol 100S、重量平均分子量900)、588份平均粒徑500nm的球狀二氧化矽(Admatechs股份有限公司製造、SO-25R)溶解於甲基乙基酮中,而製備濃度為21.0wt%的黏接劑組成物。
將此黏接劑組成物溶液塗佈於由經矽酮脫模處理的厚度為50μm的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯膜所構成的脫模處理膜(剝離襯墊)上後,於130℃下乾燥2分鐘。藉此來製作厚度為40μm的熱硬化型黏晶膜D。
(比較例1)
於本比較例1中,除了將球狀二氧化矽的含量變更為1125份以外,以與實驗例1相同的方式來製作本比較例1的熱硬化型黏晶膜D。
(比較例2)
相對於100份作為以丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯為主成分的丙烯酸系共聚物的丙烯酸酯系聚合物(根上工業股份有限公司製造、Paracron W-197CM、重量平均分子量 40萬),使250份環氧樹脂1(JER股份有限公司製造、Epikote 1004、重量平均分子量1400)、250份環氧樹脂2(JER股份有限公司製造、Epikote 827、重量平均分子量370)、500份酚樹脂(三井化學股份有限公司製造、Milex XLC-4L、重量平均分子量1385)、667份平均粒徑500nm的球狀二氧化矽(Admatechs股份有限公司製造、SO-25R)溶解於甲基乙基酮中,而製備濃度為21.4wt%的黏接劑組成物。
將此黏接劑組成物溶液塗佈於由經矽酮脫模處理的厚度為50μm的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯膜所構成的脫模處理膜(剝離襯墊)上後,於130℃下乾燥2分鐘。藉此來製作厚度為40μm的熱硬化型黏晶膜E。
(比較例3)
相對於100份作為以丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯為主成分的丙烯酸系共聚物的丙烯酸酯系聚合物(長瀨化成股份有限公司製造、Teisanresin SG-708-6、重量平均分子量40萬),使3.3份環氧樹脂(JER股份有限公司製造、Epikote 834、重量平均分子量470)、1.9份酚樹脂(荒川化學股份有限公司製造、Tamanol 100S、重量平均分子量900)、45份平均粒徑500nm的球狀二氧化矽(Admatechs股份有限公司製造、SO-25R)溶解於甲基乙基酮中,而製備濃度為20.9wt%的黏接劑組成物。
將此黏接劑組成物溶液塗佈於由經矽酮脫模處理的厚度為50μm的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯膜所構成的脫模處 理膜(剝離襯墊)上後,於130℃下乾燥2分鐘。藉此來製作厚度為40μm的熱硬化型黏晶膜F。
(比較例4)
相對於100份作為以丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯為主成分的丙烯酸系共聚物的丙烯酸酯系聚合物(長瀨化成股份有限公司製造、Teisanresin SG-708-6、重量平均分子量40萬),使300份環氧樹脂(JER股份有限公司製造、Epikote 828、重量平均分子量370)、165份酚樹脂(明和化成股份有限公司製造、MEH-7500-3S、重量平均分子量500)、253份平均粒徑500nm的球狀二氧化矽(Admatechs股份有限公司製造、SO-25R)溶解於甲基乙基酮中,而製備濃度為20.9wt%的黏接劑組成物。
將此黏接劑組成物溶液塗佈於由經矽酮脫模處理的厚度為50μm的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯膜所構成的脫模處理膜(剝離襯墊)上後,於130℃下乾燥2分鐘。藉此來製作厚度為40μm的熱硬化型黏晶膜G。
(重量平均分子量的測定方法)
丙烯酸系共聚物的重量平均分子量是藉由凝膠滲透層析法所獲得的聚苯乙烯換算的值。凝膠滲透層析法是串接使用TSK G2000H HR、G3000H HR、G4000H HR、及GMH-H HR的4根管柱(均為東曹(Tosoh)股份有限公司製造),溶析液是使用四氫呋喃,在流速1ml/分鐘、溫度40℃、樣品濃度0.1wt%四氫呋喃溶液、樣品注入量500μl的條件下進行,檢測器是使用示差折射率計。
(80℃、140℃、175℃下的儲存模數的測定)
用截切刀(cutter knife)自各實驗例及比較例的熱硬化型黏晶膜切出厚度200μm、長度25mm(測定長度)、寬度10mm的帶狀,使用固體黏彈性測定裝置(RSAIII、Rheometric Scientific股份有限公司製造),測定-50℃~300℃下的儲存模數。測定條件是將頻率設為1Hz,將升溫速度設為10℃/min。將80℃、140℃、175℃下的儲存模數E1 '、E2 '、E3 '的值示於下述表1。
(玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)的測定)
關於各實驗例及比較例的熱硬化型黏晶膜的玻璃轉移溫度,首先,以與上述儲存模數的情況相同的方式來測定儲存模數。進而,在亦測定了損失彈性模數後,算出tan δ(G"(損失彈性模數)/G'(儲存模數))的值,藉此求出玻璃轉移溫度。將結果示於下述表1。
(室溫下的剪切黏接力的測定)
針對上述實驗例及比較例中所製作的熱硬化型黏晶膜,以如下方式來測定對半導體元件的剪切黏接力。
首先,以貼合溫度40℃將各熱硬化型黏晶膜貼合於半導體晶片(縱10mm×橫10mm×厚0.5mm)。接著,於BGA基板上在黏晶溫度120℃、黏晶壓力0.1MPa、黏晶時間1秒的條件下進行晶粒黏著(die attach)。接著,使用Bond Tester(Dagy公司製造、dagy4000),分別測定室溫下的剪切黏接力。將結果示於下述表1。
(175℃下的剪切黏接力的測定)
針對上述實驗例及比較例中所製作的熱硬化型黏晶膜,以如下方式測定對半導體元件的剪切黏接力。
以與上述在室溫下測定剪切黏接力的的情況相同的方式,於BGA基板上經由各實驗例及比較例的熱硬化型黏晶膜而將半導體晶片(縱10mm×橫10mm×厚0.5mm)進行晶粒黏著。接著,使用Bond Tester(Dagy公司製造、dagy4000),分別測定175℃下的剪切黏接力。將結果示於下述表1。
(打線接合性的評價)
使用上述實驗例及比較例中所製作的熱硬化型黏晶膜,對黏晶於BGA基板上的鏡面晶片進行打線接合時的打線接合性進行評價。
首先,切割在表面蒸鍍有Al的矽晶圓而製作10mm見方的鏡面晶片。經由熱硬化型黏晶膜而將該鏡面晶片黏晶於BGA基板上。黏晶是在溫度120℃、0.1MPa、1秒的條件下,使用黏晶機(新川股份有限公司製造的SPA-300)來進行。
接著,使用打線接合裝置(ASM公司製造、商品名:Eagle60),以直徑25μm的金線在鏡面晶片的一邊分別進行50次打線接合。打線接合條件是將超音波輸出時間設為2.5msec,將超音波功率設為0.75W,將黏合負荷設為60g,將平台(stage)溫度設為175℃。打線接合性的評價是藉由確認有無產生鏡面晶片的位置偏移及晶片破壞來進行。將未產生位置偏移及晶片破壞的情況設為○,將產生位置 偏移及晶片破壞的情況設為×。
(鑄模性的評價)
以與上述測定剪切黏接力的情況相同的方式,於BGA基板上經由各實驗例及比較例的熱硬化型黏晶膜將半導體晶片(縱10mm×橫10mm×厚0.5mm)進行晶粒黏著。接著,使用鑄模機(TOWA Press公司製造、Manual Press Y-1),在成形溫度175℃、夾板(clamp)壓力184kN、轉注(transfer)壓力5kN、時間120秒、密封樹脂GE-100(日東電工股份有限公司製造)的條件下進行密封步驟。
其後,使用超音波影像裝置(Hitachi Finetech公司製造、FS200II)觀察固定於BGA基板上的半導體晶片的狀態。將結果示於表1。而且,於表1中,將未出現半導體晶片的位置偏移或由剝離所致的凸起的情況設為○,將確認有任一者的情況設為×。
(結果)
根據下述表1的結果可知,若為實驗例1~5的熱硬化型黏晶膜,則黏晶後的半導體晶片在輸送過程中不會自BGA基板脫落。另外,在打線接合步驟時,亦不會產生相對於BGA基板由剪切變形所致的位置偏移或晶片破裂,結果在打線接合步驟時亦可實現良率的提高。進而,在利用密封樹脂進行密封時,半導體晶片亦不會被此密封樹脂沖走。藉此來確認,本實驗例的熱硬化型黏晶膜兼具半導體裝置製造時所必需的儲存模數與高黏接力。
雖然本發明已以實驗例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作些許之更動與潤飾,故本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
1‧‧‧基材
2‧‧‧黏著劑層
2a‧‧‧黏著劑層2的與半導體晶圓貼合部分相對應的部分
2b‧‧‧其他部分
3、3'、13、21‧‧‧熱硬化型黏晶膜
3a‧‧‧半導體晶圓貼合部分
3b‧‧‧半導體晶圓貼合部分3a以外的部分
4‧‧‧半導體晶圓
5‧‧‧半導體晶片
6‧‧‧被黏接體
7‧‧‧黏接線
8‧‧‧密封樹脂
9‧‧‧間隔物
10、11‧‧‧切割黏晶膜
15‧‧‧半導體晶片
16‧‧‧貼片環
圖1是表示本發明的一個實施形態的切割黏晶膜的剖面示意圖。
圖2是表示上述實施形態的其他切割黏晶膜的剖面示意圖。
圖3是表示經由上述切割黏晶膜中的黏晶膜對半導體晶片進行封裝的例子的剖面示意圖。
圖4是表示經由上述切割黏晶膜中的黏晶膜對半導體晶片進行三維封裝的例子的剖面示意圖。
圖5是表示使用上述切割黏晶膜、經由間隔物以利用黏晶膜來對2個半導體晶片進行三維封裝的例子的剖面示意圖。
1‧‧‧基材
2‧‧‧黏著劑層
2a‧‧‧黏著劑層2的與半導體晶圓貼合部分相對應的部分
2b‧‧‧其他部分
3‧‧‧熱硬化型黏晶膜
3a‧‧‧半導體晶圓貼合部分
3b‧‧‧半導體晶圓貼合部分3a以外的部分
4‧‧‧半導體晶圓
10‧‧‧切割黏晶膜

Claims (9)

  1. 一種熱硬化型黏晶膜,其是在製造半導體裝置時所使用的熱硬化型黏晶膜,其至少包含環氧樹脂、酚樹脂、丙烯酸系共聚物及填料,且80℃~140℃中的熱硬化前的儲存模數是在10kPa~10MPa的範圍內,175℃中的熱硬化前的儲存模數是在0.1MPa~3MPa的範圍內,且不含有聚異氰酸酯化合物,其中將上述環氧樹脂、酚樹脂及丙烯酸系共聚物的總重量設為A重量份、將填料的重量設為B重量份時的B/(A+B)小於等於0.8。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之熱硬化型黏晶膜,其中將上述環氧樹脂與酚樹脂的總重量設為X重量份、將丙烯酸系共聚物的重量設為Y重量份時的比率X/Y為0.11~4。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之熱硬化型黏晶膜,其中上述環氧樹脂為具有芳香族環的環氧樹脂,上述酚樹脂為苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂、苯酚聯苯樹脂或苯酚芳烷基樹脂的至少任意一種,上述丙烯酸系共聚物為含羧基的丙烯酸系共聚物或含環氧基的丙烯酸系共聚物的至少任意一種。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之熱硬化型黏晶膜,其中上述填料的平均粒徑是在0.005μm~10μm的範圍內。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之熱硬化型黏 晶膜,其中上述環氧樹脂的重量平均分子量是在300~1500的範圍內。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之熱硬化型黏晶膜,其中上述酚樹脂的重量平均分子量是在300~1500的範圍內。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之熱硬化型黏晶膜,其中上述丙烯酸系共聚物的重量平均分子量是在10萬~100萬的範圍內。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之熱硬化型黏晶膜,其中黏晶膜的玻璃轉移溫度是在10℃~小於等於50℃的範圍內。
  9. 一種切割黏晶膜,其具有將如申請專利範圍第1項至第8項中任一項所述之熱硬化型黏晶膜積層於切割膜上的結構。
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